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Diaz-Martin Z, Browne L, Cabrera D, Olivo J, Karubian J. Impacts of Flowering Density on Pollen Dispersal and Gametic Diversity Are Scale Dependent. Am Nat 2023; 201:52-64. [PMID: 36524929 DOI: 10.1086/721918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPollen dispersal is a key evolutionary and ecological process, but the degree to which variation in the density of concurrently flowering conspecific plants (i.e., coflowering density) shapes pollination patterns remains understudied. We monitored coflowering density and corresponding pollination patterns of the insect-pollinated palm Oenocarpus bataua in northwestern Ecuador and found that the influence of coflowering density on these patterns was scale dependent: high neighborhood densities were associated with reductions in pollen dispersal distance and gametic diversity of progeny arrays, whereas we observed the opposite pattern at the landscape scale. In addition, neighborhood coflowering density also impacted forward pollen dispersal kernel parameters, suggesting that low neighborhood densities encourage pollen movement and may promote gene flow and genetic diversity. Our work reveals how coflowering density at different spatial scales influences pollen movement, which in turn informs our broader understanding of the mechanisms underlying patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow within populations of plants.
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2
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Razafimahefa AL, Nowak MM, Bogawski P, Leong Pock Tsy JM, Faramalala MH, Rabakonandrianina E, Roger E, Razanamaro OH. Effect of habitat fragmentation on the generative growth of Adansonia rubrostipa in dry deciduous forest in western Madagascar. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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3
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Ellwanger C, Steger L, Pollack C, Wells R, Benjamin Fant J. Anthropogenic fragmentation increases risk of genetic decline in the threatened orchid Platanthera leucophaea. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8578. [PMID: 35222956 PMCID: PMC8855017 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting biodiversity requires an understanding of how anthropogenic changes impact the genetic processes associated with extinction risk. Studies of the genetic changes due to anthropogenic fragmentation have revealed conflicting results. This is likely due to the difficulty in isolating habitat loss and fragmentation, which can have opposing impacts on genetic parameters. The well-studied orchid, Platanthera leucophaea, provides a rich dataset to address this issue, allowing us to examine range-wide genetic changes. Midwestern and Northeastern United States. We sampled 35 populations of P. leucophaea that spanned the species' range and varied in patch composition, degree of patch isolation, and population size. From these populations we measured genetic parameters associated with increased extinction risk. Using this combined dataset, we modeled landscape variables and population metrics against genetic parameters to determine the best predictors of increased extinction risk. All genetic parameters were strongly associated with population size, while development and patch isolation showed an association with genetic diversity and genetic structure. Genetic diversity was lowest in populations with small census sizes, greater urbanization pressures (habitat loss), and small patch area. All populations showed moderate levels of inbreeding, regardless of size. Contrary to expectation, we found that critically small populations had negative inbreeding values, indicating non-random mating not typically observed in wild populations, which we attribute to selection for less inbred individuals. The once widespread orchid, Platanthera leucophaea, has suffered drastic declines and extant populations show changes in the genetic parameters associated with increased extinction risk, especially smaller populations. Due to the important correlation with risk and habitat loss, we advocate continued monitoring of population sizes by resource managers, while the critically small populations may need additional management to reverse genetic declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ellwanger
- Plant Biology and ConservationChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern University, O.T. Hogan HallEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- U.S. Forest ServiceOkanogan‐Wenatchee National ForestWenatcheeWashingtonUSA
| | - Laura Steger
- Plant Biology and ConservationChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Cathy Pollack
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceChicago Field OfficeChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rachel Wells
- Plant Biology and ConservationChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| | - Jeremie Benjamin Fant
- Plant Biology and ConservationChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern University, O.T. Hogan HallEvanstonIllinoisUSA
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4
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Diaz-Martin Z, Karubian J. Forest cover at landscape scales increases male and female gametic diversity of palm seedlings. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4353-4367. [PMID: 34216497 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity shapes the evolutionary potential of plant populations. For outcrossing plants, genetic diversity is influenced by effective population size and by dispersal, first of paternal gametes through pollen, and then of paternal and maternal gametes through seeds. Forest loss often reduces genetic diversity, but the degree to which it differentially impacts the paternal and maternal contributions to genetic diversity and the spatial scale at which these impacts are most pronounced are poorly understood. To address these questions, we genotyped 504 seedlings of the animal-dispersed palm Oenocarpus bataua collected from 29 widely distributed sites across Ecuador and decomposed the contribution of paternal and maternal gametes to overall genetic diversity. The amount of forest cover at a landscape scale (>10 km radius) had an equally significant positive association with both male and female gametic diversity. In addition, there was a significant positive association between forest cover and effective population size. Stronger fine-scale spatial genetic structure for female versus male gametes was observed at sites with low forest cover, but this did not scale up to differences in male versus female gametic diversity. These findings show that reductions in forest cover at spatial scales much larger than those typically evaluated in ecological studies lead to significant, and equivalent, decreases of diversity in both male and female gametes, and that this association between landscape level forest loss and genetic diversity may be driven directly by reductions in effective population size of O. bataua, rather than by indirect disruptions to local dispersal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Diaz-Martin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes (FCAT), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes (FCAT), Quito, Ecuador
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5
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González-Robles A, García C, Salido T, Manzaneda AJ, Rey PJ. Extensive pollen-mediated gene flow across intensively managed landscapes in an insect-pollinated shrub native to semiarid habitats. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3408-3421. [PMID: 33966307 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the impact of landscape fragmentation on gene flow patterns is mainly drawn from tropical and temperate ecosystems, where landscape features, such as the distance of a tree to the forest edge, drive connectivity and mating patterns. Yet, the structure of arid and semiarid plant communities - with open canopies and a scattered distribution of trees - differs greatly from those that are well-characterized in the literature. As a result, we ignore whether the documented consequences of landscape fragmentation on plant mating and gene flow patterns also hold for native plant communities in arid and semiarid regions. We investigated the relative contribution of plant traits, pollinator activity, and individual neighbourhood in explaining variation in mating and gene flow patterns of an insect-pollinated semiarid arborescent shrub, Ziziphus lotus, at three sites embedded in highly altered agriculture landscapes. We used 14 SSRs, seed paternity analyses, and individual mixed effect mating models (MEMMi) to estimate the individual mating variables and the pollen dispersal kernel at each site. Individual spatial location, flower density, and floral visitation rate explained most of the variation of mating variables. Unexpectedly, individual correlated paternity was very low and shrubs surrounded by the most degraded matrix exhibited an increased fraction of pollen immigration and a high effective number of pollen donors per mother shrub. Overall, our results reveal that an active pollinator assemblage ensures highly efficient mating, and maintains pollen-mediated gene flow and notable connectivity levels, even in highly altered landscapes, potentially halting genetic isolation within and between distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina García
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Plant Biology, CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Teresa Salido
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA-UJA), Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio J Manzaneda
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA-UJA), Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro J Rey
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA-UJA), Jaén, Spain
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6
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Dellinger AS, Artuso S, Fernández-Fernández DM, Schönenberger J. Stamen dimorphism in bird-pollinated flowers: Investigating alternative hypotheses on the evolution of heteranthery. Evolution 2021; 75:2589-2599. [PMID: 33963764 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heteranthery, the presence of distinct stamen types within a flower, is commonly explained as functional adaptation to alleviate the "pollen dilemma," defined as the dual and conflicting function of pollen as pollinator food resource and male reproductive agent. A single primary hypothesis, "division of labor," has been central in studies on heteranthery. This hypothesis postulates that one stamen type functions in rewarding pollen-collecting pollinators and the other in reproduction, thereby minimizing pollen loss. Only recently, alternative functions (i.e., staggered pollen release), were proposed, but comparative and experimental investigations are lagging behind. Here, we used 63 species of the tribe Merianieae (Melastomataceae) to demonstrate that, against theory, heteranthery occurs in flowers offering rewards other than pollen, such as staminal food bodies or nectar. Although shifts in reward type released species from the "pollen dilemma," heteranthery has evolved repeatedly de novo in food-body-rewarding, passerine-pollinated flowers. We used field investigations to show that foraging passerines discriminated between stamen types and removed large stamens more quickly than small stamens. Passerines removed small stamens on separate visits towards the end of flower anthesis. We propose that the staggered increase in nutritive content of small stamens functions to increase chances for outcross-pollen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Artuso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Thomas WJW, Anthony JM, Dobrowolski MP, Krauss SL. Optimising the conservation of genetic diversity of the last remaining population of a critically endangered shrub. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab005. [PMID: 33613937 PMCID: PMC7885199 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of genetic diversity and the population genetic processes that impact future population viability is vital for the management and recovery of declining populations of threatened species. Styphelia longissima (Ericaceae) is a critically endangered shrub, restricted to a single fragmented population near Eneabba, 250 km north of Perth, Western Australia. For this population, we sought to characterize population genetic variation and its spatial structure, and aspects of the mating portfolio, from which strategies that optimize the conservation of this diversity are identified. A comprehensive survey was carried out and 220 adults, and 106 seedlings from 14 maternal plants, were genotyped using 13 microsatellite markers. Levels of genetic variation and its spatial structure were assessed, and mating system parameters were estimated. Paternity was assigned to the offspring of a subsection of plants, which allowed for the calculation of realized pollen dispersal. Allelic richness and levels of expected heterozygosity were higher than predicted for a small isolated population. Spatial autocorrelation analysis identified fine-scale genetic structure at a scale of 20 m, but no genetic structure was found at larger scales. Mean outcrossing rate (t m = 0.66) reflects self-compatibility and a mixed-mating system. Multiple paternity was low, where 61 % of maternal siblings shared the same sire. Realized pollen dispersal was highly restricted, with 95 % of outcrossing events occurring at 7 m or less, and a mean pollen dispersal distance of 3.8 m. Nearest-neighbour matings were common (55 % of all outcross events), and 97 % of mating events were between the three nearest-neighbours. This study has provided critical baseline data on genetic diversity, mating system and pollen dispersal for future monitoring of S. longissima. Broadly applicable conservation strategies such as implementing a genetic monitoring plan, diluting spatial genetic structure in the natural population, genetically optimizing ex situ collections and incorporating genetic knowledge into translocations will help to manage the future erosion of the high genetic variation detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J W Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
| | - Janet M Anthony
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
| | - Mark P Dobrowolski
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Iluka Resources Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
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8
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Jacquemart AL, Buyens C, Delescaille LM, Van Rossum F. Using genetic evaluation to guide conservation of remnant Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) populations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:193-204. [PMID: 32991026 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many critically endangered plant species exist in small, genetically depauperate or inbred populations, making assisted gene flow interventions necessary for long-term population viability. However, before such interventions are implemented, conservation practitioners must consider the genetic and demographic status of extant populations, which are strongly affected by species' life-history traits. In northwestern Europe, Juniperus communis, a dioecious, wind-pollinated and bird-dispersed gymnosperm, has been declining for the past century and largely exists in small, isolated and senescent populations. To provide useful recommendations for a recovery plan involving translocation of plants, we investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations in Belgium using four microsatellite and five plastid single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We detected no clonality in the populations, suggesting predominantly sexual reproduction. Populations exhibited high genetic diversity (He = 0.367-0.563) and low to moderate genetic differentiation (FST ≤ 0.133), with no clear geographic structure. Highly positive inbreeding coefficients (FIS = 0.221-0.507) were explained by null alleles, population substructuring and biparental inbreeding. No isolation by distance was observed among distant populations, but isolation at close geographic proximity was found. Patterns were consistent with high historical gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal at both short and long distances. We also tested four pre-germination treatments among populations to improve germination rates; however, germination rates remained low and only cold-stratification treatments induced germination in some populations. To bolster population regeneration, introductions of cuttings from several source populations are recommended, in combination with in situ management practices that improve seedling survival and with ex situ propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Jacquemart
- Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy - UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.14, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - C Buyens
- Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy - UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.14, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - L-M Delescaille
- Direction générale opérationnelle Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement (DGARNE), Département de l'Etude du Milieu naturel et agricole (DEMNA), Avenue Maréchal Juin 23, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - F Van Rossum
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860, Meise, Belgium
- Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Rue A. Lavallée 1, B-1080, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Grant EL, Conroy GC, Lamont RW, Reddell PW, Wallace HM, Ogbourne SM. Short distance pollen dispersal and low genetic diversity in a subcanopy tropical rainforest tree, Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:503-516. [PMID: 31076650 PMCID: PMC6781113 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow via pollen movement affects genetic variation in plant populations and is an important consideration in plant domestication. Fontainea picrosperma is a subcanopy rainforest tree that is of commercial interest because it is the source of tigilanol tiglate, a natural product used for the treatment of solid tumors. We identify patterns of pollen-mediated gene flow within natural populations of F. picrosperma and estimate genetic parameters and genetic structure between adult and juvenile groups using microsatellite markers. Our results show pollination events occur over much shorter distances than reported for tropical canopy species. At least 63% of seeds are sired by male trees located within 30 m of the mother. On average, 27% of the local male population contributed to successful reproduction of F. picrosperma with most fathers siring a single seed, however, the contributions to reproduction were uneven. Larger male trees with more flowers had greater reproductive success than those with less flowers (P < 0.05). There were comparatively low levels of genetic variation across the species (HE = 0.405 for adult trees and 0.379 for juveniles) and we found no loss of genetic diversity between adult and juvenile trees. Short distance pollen flow and low genetic diversity is theoretically a prelude to genetic impoverishment, however F. picrosperma has persisted through multiple significant climatic oscillations. Nevertheless, the remaining low genetic diversity is of concern for domestication programs which require maximal genetic diversity to facilitate efficient selective breeding and genetic improvement of this commercially significant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra L Grant
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriel C Conroy
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert W Lamont
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Helen M Wallace
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven M Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
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10
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McCallum KP, Breed MF, Lowe AJ, Paton DC. Plants, position and pollination: Planting arrangement and pollination limitation in a revegetated eucalypt woodland. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Chybicki IJ, Iszkuło G, Suszka J. Bayesian quantification of ecological determinants of outcrossing in natural plant populations: Computer simulations and the case study of biparental inbreeding in English yew. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4077-4096. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor J. Chybicki
- Department of Genetics Kazimierz Wielki University Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Grzegorz Iszkuło
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences Kórnik Poland
- Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Zielona Góra Zielona Góra Poland
| | - Jan Suszka
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences Kórnik Poland
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12
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Ksiazek-Mikenas K, Fant JB, Skogen KA. Pollinator-Mediated Gene Flow Connects Green Roof Populations Across the Urban Matrix: A Paternity Analysis of the Self-Compatible Forb Penstemon hirsutus. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Aguilar R, Cristóbal‐Pérez EJ, Balvino‐Olvera FJ, Aguilar‐Aguilar M, Aguirre‐Acosta N, Ashworth L, Lobo JA, Martén‐Rodríguez S, Fuchs EJ, Sanchez‐Montoya G, Bernardello G, Quesada M. Habitat fragmentation reduces plant progeny quality: a global synthesis. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1163-1173. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Aguilar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Edson Jacob Cristóbal‐Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Francisco Javier Balvino‐Olvera
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - María Aguilar‐Aguilar
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Natalia Aguirre‐Acosta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Jorge A. Lobo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Silvana Martén‐Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Eric J. Fuchs
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Gumersindo Sanchez‐Montoya
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Gabriel Bernardello
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
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McCallum KP, Breed MF, Paton DC, Lowe AJ. Clumped planting arrangements improve seed production in a revegetated eucalypt woodland. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. McCallum
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - David C. Paton
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
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15
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O'Connell MC, Castilla AR, Lee LX, Jha S. Bee movement across heterogeneous tropical forests: multi‐paternal analyses reveal the importance of neighborhood composition for pollen dispersal. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Antonio R. Castilla
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
- Centro de Ecologia Aplicada Prof. Baeta Neves/InBIO Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Leticia X. Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
- Department of Earth and Environment Boston University 685 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
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Llorens TM, Yates CJ, Byrne M, Elliott CP, Sampson J, Fairman R, Macdonald B, Coates DJ. Altered Soil Properties Inhibit Fruit Set but Increase Progeny Performance for a Foundation Tree in a Highly Fragmented Landscape. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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McCallum KP, Lowe AJ, Breed MF, Paton DC. Spatially designed revegetation—why the spatial arrangement of plants should be as important to revegetation as they are to natural systems. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. McCallum
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - David C. Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
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Morgan EJ, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Edwards PJ, Fleischer-Dogley F, Kettle CJ. Keeping it in the family: strong fine-scale genetic structure and inbreeding in Lodoicea maldivica, the largest-seeded plant in the world. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Hartvig I, So T, Changtragoon S, Tran HT, Bouamanivong S, Theilade I, Kjær ED, Nielsen LR. Population genetic structure of the endemic rosewoods Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D. oliveri at a regional scale reflects the Indochinese landscape and life-history traits. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:530-545. [PMID: 29321891 PMCID: PMC5756888 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indochina is a biodiversity hot spot and harbors a high number of endemic species, most of which are poorly studied. This study explores the genetic structure and reproductive system of the threatened endemic timber species Dalbergia cochinchinensis and Dalbergia oliveri using microsatellite data from populations across Indochina and relates it to landscape characteristics and life‐history traits. We found that the major water bodies in the region, Mekong and Tonle Sap, represented barriers to gene flow and that higher levels of genetic diversity were found in populations in the center of the distribution area, particularly in Cambodia. We suggest that this pattern is ancient, reflecting the demographic history of the species and possible location of refugia during earlier time periods with limited forest cover, which was supported by signs of old genetic bottlenecks. The D. oliveri populations had generally high levels of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.73), but also strong genetic differentiation among populations (global GST = 0.13), while D. cochinchinensis had a moderate level of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.55), and an even stronger level of differentiation (global GST = 0.25). These differences in genetic structure can be accounted for by a higher level of gene flow in D. oliveri due to a higher dispersal capacity, but also by the broader distribution area for D. oliveri, and the pioneer characteristics of D. cochinchinensis. This study represents the first detailed analysis of landscape genetics for tree species in Indochina, and the found patterns might be common for other species with similar ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hartvig
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Thea So
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Forestry Administration Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Suchitra Changtragoon
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Chatuchak, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Hoa Thi Tran
- Forest Genetics and Conservation Center for Biodiversity and Biosafety Institute of Agricultural Genetics Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Somsanith Bouamanivong
- National Herbarium of Laos Biotechnology and Ecology Institute Ministry of Science and Technology Vientiane Laos
| | - Ida Theilade
- Department of Food and Resource Economics University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
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20
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Morgan EJ, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Edwards PJ, Fleischer-Dogley F, Kettle CJ. Tracing coco de mer's reproductive history: Pollen and nutrient limitations reduce fecundity. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7765-7776. [PMID: 29043032 PMCID: PMC5632624 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat degradation can reduce or even prevent the reproduction of previously abundant plant species. To develop appropriate management strategies, we need to understand the reasons for reduced recruitment in degraded ecosystems. The dioecious coco de mer palm (Lodoicea maldivica) produces by far the largest seeds of any plant. It is a keystone species in an ancient palm forest that occurs only on two small islands in the Seychelles, yet contemporary rates of seed production are low, especially in fragmented populations. We developed a method to infer the recent reproductive history of female trees from morphological evidence present on their inflorescences. We then applied this method to investigate the effects of habitat disturbance and soil nutrient conditions on flower and fruit production. The 57 female trees in our sample showed a 19.5‐fold variation in flower production among individuals over a seven‐year period. Only 77.2% of trees bore developing fruits (or had recently shed fruits), with the number per tree ranging from zero to 43. Flower production was positively correlated with concentrations of available soil nitrogen and potassium and did not differ significantly between closed and degraded habitat. Fruiting success was positively correlated with pollen availability, as measured by numbers and distance of neighboring male trees. Fruit set was lower in degraded habitat than in closed forest, while the proportion of abnormal fruits that failed to develop was higher in degraded habitat. Seed size recorded for a large sample of seeds collected by forest wardens varied widely, with fresh weights ranging from 1 to 18 kg. Synthesis: Shortages of both nutrients and pollen appear to limit seed production of Lodoicea in its natural habitat, with these factors affecting different stages of the reproductive process. Flower production varies widely amongst trees, while seed production is especially low in degraded habitat. The size of seeds is also very variable. We discuss the implications of these findings for managing this ecologically and economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Morgan
- ITES-Ecosystem Management ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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Rhodes MK, Fant JB, Skogen KA. Pollinator identity and spatial isolation influence multiple paternity in an annual plant. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4296-4308. [PMID: 28334485 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence and extent of multiple paternity is an important component of variation in plant mating dynamics. However, links between pollinator activity and multiple paternity are generally lacking, especially for plant species that attract functionally diverse floral visitors. In this study, we separated the influence of two functionally distinct floral visitors (hawkmoths and solitary bees) and characterized their impacts on multiple paternity in a self-incompatible, annual forb, Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae). We also situated pollinator-mediated effects in a spatial context by linking variation in multiple paternity to variation in plant spatial isolation. We documented pronounced differences in the number of paternal sires as function of pollinator identity: on average, the primary pollinator (hawkmoths) facilitated mating with nearly twice as many pollen donors relative to the secondary pollinator (solitary bees). This effect was consistent for both isolated and nonisolated individuals, but spatial isolation imposed pronounced reductions on multiple paternity regardless of pollinator identity. Considering that pollinator abundance and pollen dispersal distance did not vary significantly with pollinator identity, we attribute variation in realized mating dynamics primarily to differences in pollinator morphology and behaviour as opposed to pollinator abundance or mating incompatibility arising from underlying spatial genetic structure. Our findings demonstrate that functionally distinct pollinators can have strongly divergent effects on polyandry in plants and further suggest that both pollinator identity and spatial heterogeneity have important roles in plant mating dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Rhodes
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL, 60022, USA.,Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 2-144, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jeremie B Fant
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL, 60022, USA
| | - Krissa A Skogen
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL, 60022, USA
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22
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Suárez-Montes P, Chávez-Pesqueira M, Núñez-Farfán J. Life history and past demography maintain genetic structure, outcrossing rate, contemporary pollen gene flow of an understory herb in a highly fragmented rainforest. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2764. [PMID: 28028460 PMCID: PMC5183091 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Theory predicts that habitat fragmentation, by reducing population size and increasing isolation among remnant populations, can alter their genetic diversity and structure. A cascade of effects is expected: genetic drift and inbreeding after a population bottleneck, changes in biotic interactions that may affect, as in the case of plants, pollen dynamics, mating system, reproductive success. The detection of the effects of contemporary habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of populations are conditioned by the magnitude of change, given the few number of generations since the onset of fragmentation, especially for long-lived organisms. However, the present-day genetic structure of populations may bear the signature of past demography events. Here, we examine the effects of rainforest fragmentation on the genetic diversity, population structure, mating system (outcrossing rate), indirect gene flow and contemporary pollen dynamics in the understory herb Aphelandra aurantiaca. Also, we assessed its present-day genetic structure under different past demographic scenarios. METHODS Twelve populations of A. aurantiaca were sampled in large (4), medium (3), and small (5) forest fragments in the lowland tropical rainforest at Los Tuxtlas region. Variation at 11 microsatellite loci was assessed in 28-30 reproductive plants per population. In two medium- and two large-size fragments we estimated the density of reproductive plants, and the mating system by analyzing the progeny of different mother plants per population. RESULTS Despite prevailing habitat fragmentation, populations of A. aurantiaca possess high genetic variation (He = 0.61), weak genetic structure (Rst = 0.037), and slight inbreeding in small fragments. Effective population sizes (Ne ) were large, but slightly lower in small fragments. Migrants derive mostly from large and medium size fragments. Gene dispersal is highly restricted but long distance gene dispersal events were detected. Aphelandra aurantiaca shows a mixed mating system (tm = 0.81) and the outcrossing rate have not been affected by habitat fragmentation. A strong pollen pool structure was detected due to few effective pollen donors (Nep ) and low distance pollen movement, pointing that most plants received pollen from close neighbors. Past demographic fluctuations may have affected the present population genetic structure as Bayesian coalescent analysis revealed the signature of past population expansion, possibly during warmer conditions after the last glacial maximum. DISCUSSION Habitat fragmentation has not increased genetic differentiation or reduced genetic diversity of A. aurantiaca despite dozens of generations since the onset of fragmentation in the region of Los Tuxtlas. Instead, past population expansion is compatible with the lack of observed genetic structure. The predicted negative effects of rainforest fragmentation on genetic diversity and population structure of A. aurantiaca seem to have been buffered owing to its large effective populations and long-distance dispersal events. In particular, its mixed-mating system, mostly of outcrossing, suggests high efficiency of pollinators promoting connectivity and reducing inbreeding. However, some results point that the effects of fragmentation are underway, as two small fragments showed higher membership probabilities to their population of origin, suggesting genetic isolation. Our findings underscore the importance of fragment size to maintain genetic connectivity across the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Suárez-Montes
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Evolution, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Mariana Chávez-Pesqueira
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Evolution, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Evolution, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
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Nora S, Aparicio A, Albaladejo RG. High Correlated Paternity Leads to Negative Effects on Progeny Performance in Two Mediterranean Shrub Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166023. [PMID: 27835658 PMCID: PMC5106039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat deterioration can promote changes in plant mating systems that subsequently may affect progeny performance, thereby conditioning plant recruitment for the next generation. However, very few studies yet tested mating system parameters other than outcrossing rates; and the direct effects of the genetic diversity of the pollen received by maternal plants (i.e. correlated paternity) has often been overlooked. In this study, we investigated the relation between correlated paternity and progeny performance in two common Mediterranean shrubs, Myrtus communis and Pistacia lentiscus. To do so, we collected open-pollinated progeny from selected maternal plants, calculated mating system parameters using microsatellite genotyping and conducted sowing experiments under greenhouse and field conditions. Our results showed that some progeny fitness components were negatively affected by the high correlated paternity of maternal plants. In Myrtus communis, high correlated paternity had a negative effect on the proportion and timing of seedling emergence in the natural field conditions and in the greenhouse sowing experiment, respectively. In Pistacia lentiscus, seedling emergence time under field conditions was also negatively influenced by high correlated paternity and a progeny survival analysis in the field experiment showed greater mortality of seedlings from maternal plants with high correlated paternity. Overall, we found effects of correlated paternity on the progeny performance of Myrtus communis, a self-compatible species. Further, we also detected effects of correlated paternity on the progeny emergence time and survival in Pistacia lentiscus, an obligate outcrossed species. This study represents one of the few existing empirical examples which highlight the influence that correlated paternity may exert on progeny performance in multiple stages during early seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nora
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael G. Albaladejo
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Persistence of long-distance, insect-mediated pollen movement for a tropical canopy tree species in remnant forest patches in an urban landscape. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:472-480. [PMID: 27703155 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As deforestation and urbanization continue at rapid rates in tropical regions, urban forest patches are essential repositories of biodiversity. However, almost nothing is known about gene flow of forest-dependent tree species in urban landscapes. In this study, we investigated gene flow in the insect-pollinated, wind-dispersed tropical tree Koompassia malaccensis in and among three remnant forest patches in the urbanized landscape of Singapore. We genotyped the vast majority of adults (N=179) and a large number of recruits (N=2103) with 8 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Spatial genetic structure of the recruit and adult cohorts was significant, showing routine gene dispersal distances of ~100-400 m. Parentage analysis showed that 97% of recruits were within 100 m of their mother tree, and a high frequency of relatively short-distance pollen dispersal (median ~143-187 m). Despite routine seed and pollen dispersal distances of within a few hundred meters, interpatch gene flow occurred between all patches and was dominated by pollen movement: parentage analysis showed 76 pollen versus 2 seed interpatch dispersal events, and the seedling neighborhood model estimated ~1-6% seed immigration and ~21-46% pollen immigration rates, depending on patch. In addition, the smallest patch (containing five adult K. malaccensis trees) was entirely surrounded by >2.5 km of 'impervious' substrate, yet had the highest proportional pollen and seed immigration estimates of any patch. Hence, contrary to our hypothesis, insect-mediated gene flow persisted across an urban landscape, and several of our results also parallel key findings from insect-pollinated canopy trees sampled in mixed agricultural-forest landscapes.
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25
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Breed MF, Gellie NJC, Lowe AJ. Height differences in two eucalypt provenances with contrasting levels of aridity. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Nicholas J. C. Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
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26
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The resilience of forest fragmentation genetics--no longer a paradox--we were just looking in the wrong place. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:97-9. [PMID: 26176685 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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27
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Tambarussi EV, Boshier D, Vencovsky R, Freitas MLM, Sebbenn AM. Paternity analysis reveals significant isolation and near neighbor pollen dispersal in small Cariniana legalis Mart. Kuntze populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5588-600. [PMID: 27069608 PMCID: PMC4813111 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the world, large trees are increasingly rare. Cariniana legalis is the tallest tree species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, reaching up to 60 m in height. Due to extensive deforestation of the Atlantic Forest, remnant C. legalis populations are small and spatially isolated, requiring the development of strategies for their conservation. For in situ and ex situ genetic conservation to be effective, it is important to understand the levels and patterns of spatial genetic structure (SGS), and gene flow. We investigated SGS and pollen flow in three small, physically isolated C. legalis stands using microsatellite loci. We measured, mapped, and sampled all C. legalis trees in the three stands: 65 trees from Ibicatu population, 22 trees from MGI, and 4 trees from MGII. We also collected and genotyped 600 seeds from Ibicatu, 250 seeds from MGI, and 200 seeds from MGII. Significant SGS was detected in Ibicatu up to 150 m, but substantial levels of external pollen flow were also detected in Ibicatu (8%), although not in MGI (0.4%) or MGII (0%). Selfing was highest in MGII (18%), the smallest group of trees, compared to MGI (6.4%) and Ibicatu (6%). In MGI and MGII, there was a strong pattern of mating among near‐neighbors. Seed collection strategies for breeding, in situ and ex situ conservation and ecological restoration, must ensure collection from seed trees located at distances greater than 350 m and from several forest fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro V Tambarussi
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Universidade de São Paulo Av. Pádua Dias, 11 Caixa Postal 9 Piracicaba 13418-900 Brazil
| | - David Boshier
- Department of Plant Sciences South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK
| | - Roland Vencovsky
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Universidade de São Paulo Av. Pádua Dias, 11 Caixa Postal 9 Piracicaba 13418-900 Brazil
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Breed MF, Ottewell KM, Gardner MG, Marklund MHK, Dormontt EE, Lowe AJ. Mating patterns and pollinator mobility are critical traits in forest fragmentation genetics. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:108-14. [PMID: 24002239 PMCID: PMC4815446 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most woody plants are animal-pollinated, but the global problem of habitat fragmentation is changing the pollination dynamics. Consequently, the genetic diversity and fitness of the progeny of animal-pollinated woody plants sired in fragmented landscapes tend to decline due to shifts in plant-mating patterns (for example, reduced outcrossing rate, pollen diversity). However, the magnitude of this mating-pattern shift should theoretically be a function of pollinator mobility. We first test this hypothesis by exploring the mating patterns of three ecologically divergent eucalypts sampled across a habitat fragmentation gradient in southern Australia. We demonstrate increased selfing and decreased pollen diversity with increased fragmentation for two small-insect-pollinated eucalypts, but no such relationship for the mobile-bird-pollinated eucalypt. In a meta-analysis, we then show that fragmentation generally does increase selfing rates and decrease pollen diversity, and that more mobile pollinators tended to dampen these mating-pattern shifts. Together, our findings support the premise that variation in pollinator form contributes to the diversity of mating-pattern responses to habitat fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Breed
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K M Ottewell
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Division of Science, Department of Environment and Conservation, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M G Gardner
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M H K Marklund
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E E Dormontt
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - A J Lowe
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Science Resource Centre, State Herbarium of South Australia, North Terrace, Australia
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Short-term genetic consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation for the neotropical palm Oenocarpus bataua. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:389-95. [PMID: 25920669 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation may impact animal-mediated dispersal of seed and pollen, and a key question is how the genetic attributes of plant populations respond to these changes. Theory predicts that genetic diversity may be less sensitive to such disruptions in the short term, whereas inbreeding and genetic structure may respond more strongly. However, results from studies to date vary in relation to species, context and the parameter being assessed, triggering calls for more empirical studies, especially from the tropics, where plant-animal dispersal mutualisms are both disproportionately common and at risk. We compared the genetic characteristics of adults and recruits in a long-lived palm Oenocarpus bataua in a recently fragmented landscape (<2 generations) in northwest Ecuador using a suite of 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. We sampled individuals from six forest fragments and one nearby continuous forest. Our goal was to assess short-term consequences of fragmentation, with a focus on how well empirical data from this system follow theoretical expectations. Mostly congruent with predictions, we found stronger genetic differentiation and fine-scale spatial genetic structure among recruits in fragments compared with recruits in continuous forest, but we did not record differences in genetic diversity or inbreeding, nor did we record any differences between adults in fragments and adults in continuous forest. Our findings suggest that genetic characteristics of populations vary in their sensitivity to change in response to habitat loss and fragmentation, and that fine-scale spatial genetic structure may be a particularly useful indicator of genetic change in recently fragmented landscapes.
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30
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Breed MF, Christmas MJ, Lowe AJ. Higher levels of multiple paternities increase seedling survival in the long-lived tree Eucalyptus gracilis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90478. [PMID: 24587373 PMCID: PMC3938745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying associations between mating system parameters and fitness in natural populations of trees advances our understanding of how local environments affect seed quality, and thereby helps to predict when inbreeding or multiple paternities should impact on fitness. Indeed, for species that demonstrate inbreeding avoidance, multiple paternities (i.e. the number of male parents per half-sib family) should still vary and regulate fitness more than inbreeding--named here as the 'constrained inbreeding hypothesis'. We test this hypothesis in Eucalyptus gracilis, a predominantly insect-pollinated tree. Fifty-eight open-pollinated progeny arrays were collected from trees in three populations. Progeny were planted in a reciprocal transplant trial. Fitness was measured by family establishment rates. We genotyped all trees and their progeny at eight microsatellite loci. Planting site had a strong effect on fitness, but seed provenance and seed provenance × planting site did not. Populations had comparable mating system parameters and were generally outcrossed, experienced low biparental inbreeding and high levels of multiple paternity. As predicted, seed families that had more multiple paternities also had higher fitness, and no fitness-inbreeding correlations were detected. Demonstrating that fitness was most affected by multiple paternities rather than inbreeding, we provide evidence supporting the constrained inbreeding hypothesis; i.e. that multiple paternity may impact on fitness over and above that of inbreeding, particularly for preferentially outcrossing trees at life stages beyond seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F. Breed
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB) and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Christmas
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB) and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB) and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Science Resource Centre, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ismail SA, Ghazoul J, Ravikanth G, Kushalappa CG, Uma Shaanker R, Kettle CJ. Forest trees in human modified landscapes: ecological and genetic drivers of recruitment failure in Dysoxylum malabaricum (Meliaceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e89437. [PMID: 24558500 PMCID: PMC3928449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical agro-forest landscapes are global priority areas for biodiversity conservation. Little is known about the ability of these landscapes to sustain large late successional forest trees upon which much forest biodiversity depends. These landscapes are subject to fragmentation and additional habitat degradation which may limit tree recruitment and thus compromise numerous ecosystem services including carbon storage and timber production. Dysoxylum malabaricum is a large canopy tree species in the Meliaceae, a family including many important tropical timber trees. This species is found in highly fragmented forest patches within a complex agro-forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hot spot, South India. In this paper we combined a molecular assessment of inbreeding with ecological and demographic data to explore the multiple threats to recruitment of this tree species. An evaluation of inbreeding, using eleven microsatellite loci in 297 nursery-reared seedlings collected form low and high density forest patches embedded in an agro-forest matrix, shows that mating between related individuals in low density patches leads to reduced seedling performance. By quantifying habitat degradation and tree recruitment within these forest patches we show that increasing canopy openness and the increased abundance of pioneer tree species lead to a general decline in the suitability of forest patches for the recruitment of D. malabaricum. We conclude that elevated inbreeding due to reduced adult tree density coupled with increased degradation of forest patches, limit the recruitment of this rare late successional tree species. Management strategies which maintain canopy cover and enhance local densities of adult trees in agro-forest mosaics will be required to ensure D. malabaricum persists in these landscapes. Our study highlights the need for a holistic understanding of the incipient processes that threaten populations of many important and rare tropical tree species in human dominated agro-forest landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha A. Ismail
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gudasalamani Ravikanth
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, India
| | - Cheppudira G. Kushalappa
- College of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences (Bangalore), Ponnampet, Kodagu district, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, India
- Department of Crop Physiology and School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Chris J. Kettle
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ismail SA, Ghazoul J, Ravikanth G, Kushalappa CG, Uma Shaanker R, Kettle CJ. Fragmentation Genetics of Vateria indica: implications for management of forest genetic resources of an endemic dipterocarp. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Côrtes MC, Uriarte M, Lemes MR, Gribel R, John Kress W, Smouse PE, Bruna EM. Low plant density enhances gene dispersal in the Amazonian understory herbHeliconia acuminata. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5716-29. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Côrtes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; 1200 Amsterdam Avenue New York NY 10027 USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; 1200 Amsterdam Avenue New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Maristerra R. Lemes
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rua Jardim Botânico 1008 Rio de Janeiro RJ 22460-030 Brazil
| | - Rogério Gribel
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rua Jardim Botânico 1008 Rio de Janeiro RJ 22460-030 Brazil
| | - W. John Kress
- Department of Botany; National Museum of Natural History; MRC-166; Smithsonian Institution; PO Box 37012 Washington DC USA
| | - Peter E. Smouse
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; 14 College Farm Road New Brunswick NJ 08901-8551 USA
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; 711 Newell Drive Gainesville FL 32611-0430 USA
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; 319 Grinter Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Breed MF, Stead MG, Ottewell KM, Gardner MG, Lowe AJ. Which provenance and where? Seed sourcing strategies for revegetation in a changing environment. CONSERV GENET 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-012-0425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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