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Hartvig I, Kosawang C, Rasmussen H, Kjær ED, Nielsen LR. Co-occurring orchid species associated with different low-abundance mycorrhizal fungi from the soil in a high-diversity conservation area in Denmark. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10863. [PMID: 38304271 PMCID: PMC10828919 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-fungal interactions are ubiquitous across ecosystems and contribute significantly to plant ecology and evolution. All orchids form obligate symbiotic relationships with specific fungi for germination and early growth, and the distribution of terrestrial orchid species has been linked to occurrence and abundance of specific orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) in the soil. The availability of OMF can therefore be a habitat requirement that is relevant to consider when establishing management and conservation strategies for threatened orchid species, but knowledge on the spatial distribution of OMF in soil is limited. We here studied the mycorrhizal associations of three terrestrial orchid species (Anacamptis pyramidalis, Orchis purpurea and Platanthera chlorantha) found in a local orchid diversity hotspot in eastern Denmark, and investigated the abundance of the identified mycorrhizal fungi in the surrounding soil. We applied ITS metabarcoding to samples of orchid roots, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil collected at three localities, supplemented with standard barcoding of root samples with OMF specific primers, and detected 22 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) putatively identified as OMF. The three orchid species displayed different patterns of OMF associations, supporting the theory that association with specific fungi constitutes part of an orchid's ecological niche allowing co-occurrence of many species in orchid-rich habitats. The identified mycorrhizal partners in the basidiomycete families Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae (Cantharallales) were detected in low abundance in rhizosphere soil, and appeared almost absent from bulk soil at the localities. This finding highlights our limited knowledge of the ecology and trophic mode of OMF outside orchid tissues, as well as challenges in the detection of specific OMF with standard methods. Potential implications for management and conservation strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hartvig
- Forest and Landscape Ecology, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterSmithsonian InstituteEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Chatchai Kosawang
- Forest and Landscape Ecology, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hanne Rasmussen
- Forest and Landscape Ecology, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Forest and Landscape Ecology, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Forest and Landscape Ecology, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Diatta O, Diallo AM, Sanogo D, Nielsen LR, Ræbild A, Kjær ED, Hansen JK. Variation in phenology of Acacia senegal (L.) Wild. in relation to origin and ploidy level: Implications for climatic adaptation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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3
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Hartvig I, So T, Changtragoon S, Tran HT, Bouamanivong S, Ogden R, Senn H, Vieira FG, Turner F, Talbot R, Theilade I, Nielsen LR, Kjær ED. Conservation genetics of the critically endangered Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis): recommendations for management and sustainable use. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Kosawang C, Sørensen H, Kjær ED, Dilokpimol A, McKinney LV, Collinge DB, Nielsen LR. Defining the twig fungal communities of Fraxinus species and Fraxinus excelsior genotypes with differences in susceptibility to ash dieback. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brandes U, Furevik BB, Nielsen LR, Kjær ED, Rosef L, Fjellheim S. Front Cover. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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6
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Brandes U, Furevik BB, Nielsen LR, Kjær ED, Rosef L, Fjellheim S. Introduction history and population genetics of intracontinental scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) invasion. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Brandes
- Department of Plant Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | | | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Line Rosef
- Department of Plant Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
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Lobo A, Torres-Ruiz JM, Burlett R, Lemaire C, Parise C, Francioni C, Truffaut L, Tomášková I, Hansen JK, Kjær ED, Kremer A, Delzon S. Assessing inter- and intraspecific variability of xylem vulnerability to embolism in oaks. For Ecol Manage 2018; 424:53-61. [PMID: 29910530 PMCID: PMC5997172 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The genus Quercus comprises important species in forestry not only for their productive value but also for their ability to withstand drought. Hence an evaluation of inter- and intraspecific variation in drought tolerance is important for selecting the best adapted species and provenances for future afforestation. The presence of long vessels makes it difficult to assess xylem vulnerability to embolism in oak. Thanks to the development of an in situ flow centrifuge equipped with a large rotor, we quantified (i) the between species variability of embolism resistance in four native and two exotic species of oaks in Europe and (ii) the within species variability in Quercus petraea. Embolism resistance varied significantly among species, with the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 ) ranging between - 7.0 and -4.2 MPa. Species native to the Mediterranean region were more resistant than pan-European species. In contrast, intraspecific variability in embolism resistance in Q. petraea was low within provenances and null among provenances. A positive correlation between P50 and vessel diameter among the six oak species indicates that the more embolism resistant species had narrower xylem vessels. However, this tradeoff between hydraulic efficiency and safety was not observed between Q. petraea provenances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Lobo
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Lobo A, Hansen OK, Hansen JK, Erichsen EO, Jacobsen B, Kjær ED. Local adaptation through genetic differentiation in highly fragmented Tilia cordata populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5968-5976. [PMID: 29988427 PMCID: PMC6024143 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the level of geographic differentiation of Tilia cordata in Denmark based on tests of 91 trees selected from 12 isolated populations. We used quantitative analysis of spring phenology and population genetic analysis based on SSR markers to infer the likely historical genetic processes within and among populations. High genetic variation within and among populations was observed in spring phenology, which correlated with spring temperatures at the origin of the tested T. cordata trees. The population genetic analysis revealed significant differentiation among the populations, but with no clear sign of isolation by distance. We infer the findings as indications of ongoing fine scale selection in favor of local growth conditions made possible by limited gene flow among the small and fragmented populations. This hypothesis fits well with reports of limited fruiting in the investigated Danish T. cordata populations, while the species is known for its ability to propagate vegetatively by root suckers. Our results suggest that both divergent selection and genetic drift may have played important roles in forming the genetic patterns of T. cordata at its northern distribution limit. However, we also speculate that epigenetic mechanism arising from the original population environment could have created similar patterns in regulating the spring phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Lobo
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Ole Kim Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Eva Ortvald Erichsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Birgitte Jacobsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Ministry of Fisheries and HuntingNuukGreenland
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
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Lobo A, Hansen JK, Hansen LN, Dahl Kjær E. Differences among six woody perennials native to Northern Europe in their level of genetic differentiation and adaptive potential at fine local scale. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2231-2239. [PMID: 29468039 PMCID: PMC5817134 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of perennial species to adapt their phenology to present and future temperature conditions is important for their ability to retain high fitness compared to other competing plant species, pests, and pathogens. Many transplanting studies with forest tree species have previously reported substantial genetic differentiation among populations within their native range. However, the question of "how local is local" is still highly debated in conservation biology because studies on genetic patterns of variation within and among populations at the local scale are limited and scattered. In this study, we compare the level of genetic differentiation among populations of six different perennial plant species based on their variation in spring flushing. We assess the level of additive genetic variation present within the local population. For all six species, we find significant differentiation among populations from sites with mean annual temperature ranging between 7.4°C and 8.4°C. The observed variation can only be partly explained by the climate at the site of origin. Most clear relationship between early flushing and higher average spring temperature is observed for the three wind-pollinated species in the study, while the relations are much less clear for the three insect-pollinated species. This supports that pollination system can influence the balance between genetic drift and natural selection and thereby influence the level of local adaptation in long-lived species. On the positive side, we find that the native populations of woody plant species have maintained high levels of additive genetic variation in spring phenology, although this also differs substantially among the six studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Lobo
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Lars Nørgaard Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
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Hartvig I, So T, Changtragoon S, Tran HT, Bouamanivong S, Theilade I, Kjær ED, Nielsen LR. Population genetic structure of the endemic rosewoods Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D. oliveri at a regional scale reflects the Indochinese landscape and life-history traits. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:530-545. [PMID: 29321891 PMCID: PMC5756888 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indochina is a biodiversity hot spot and harbors a high number of endemic species, most of which are poorly studied. This study explores the genetic structure and reproductive system of the threatened endemic timber species Dalbergia cochinchinensis and Dalbergia oliveri using microsatellite data from populations across Indochina and relates it to landscape characteristics and life‐history traits. We found that the major water bodies in the region, Mekong and Tonle Sap, represented barriers to gene flow and that higher levels of genetic diversity were found in populations in the center of the distribution area, particularly in Cambodia. We suggest that this pattern is ancient, reflecting the demographic history of the species and possible location of refugia during earlier time periods with limited forest cover, which was supported by signs of old genetic bottlenecks. The D. oliveri populations had generally high levels of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.73), but also strong genetic differentiation among populations (global GST = 0.13), while D. cochinchinensis had a moderate level of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.55), and an even stronger level of differentiation (global GST = 0.25). These differences in genetic structure can be accounted for by a higher level of gene flow in D. oliveri due to a higher dispersal capacity, but also by the broader distribution area for D. oliveri, and the pioneer characteristics of D. cochinchinensis. This study represents the first detailed analysis of landscape genetics for tree species in Indochina, and the found patterns might be common for other species with similar ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hartvig
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Thea So
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Forestry Administration Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Suchitra Changtragoon
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Chatuchak, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Hoa Thi Tran
- Forest Genetics and Conservation Center for Biodiversity and Biosafety Institute of Agricultural Genetics Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Somsanith Bouamanivong
- National Herbarium of Laos Biotechnology and Ecology Institute Ministry of Science and Technology Vientiane Laos
| | - Ida Theilade
- Department of Food and Resource Economics University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
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11
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Abstract
Gene flow dynamics of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is affected by several human activities in Central Europe, including habitat fragmentation, agroforestry expansion, controlled and uncontrolled transfer of reproductive material, and a recently introduced emerging infectious disease, ash dieback, caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Habitat fragmentation may alter genetic connectivity and effective population size, leading to loss of genetic diversity and increased inbreeding in ash populations. Gene flow from cultivated trees in landscapes close to their native counterparts may also influence the adaptability of future generations. The devastating effects of ash dieback have already been observed in both natural and managed populations in continental Europe. However, potential long-term effects of genetic bottlenecks depend on gene flow across fragmented landscapes. For this reason, we studied the genetic connectivity of ash trees in an isolated forest patch of a fragmented landscape in Rösenbeck, Germany. We applied two approaches to parentage analysis to estimate gene flow patterns at the study site. We specifically investigated the presence of background pollination at the landscape level and the degree of genetic isolation between native and cultivated trees. Local meteorological data was utilized to understand the effect of wind on the pollen and seed dispersal patterns. Gender information of the adult trees was considered for calculating the dispersal distances. We found that the majority of the studied seeds (55-64%) and seedlings (75-98%) in the forest patch were fathered and mothered by the trees within the same patch. However, we determined a considerable amount of pollen flow (26-45%) from outside of the study site, representing background pollination at the landscape level. Limited pollen flow was observed from neighbouring cultivated trees (2%). Both pollen and seeds were dispersed in all directions in accordance with the local wind directions. Whereas there was no positive correlation between pollen dispersal distance and wind speed, the correlation between seed dispersal distance and wind speed was significant (0.71, p < 0.001), indicating that strong wind favours long-distance dispersal of ash seeds. Finally, we discussed the implications of establishing gene conservation stands and the use of enrichment planting in the face of ash dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Semizer-Cuming
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Finkeldey
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Harper AL, McKinney LV, Nielsen LR, Havlickova L, Li Y, Trick M, Fraser F, Wang L, Fellgett A, Sollars ESA, Janacek SH, Downie JA, Buggs RJA, Kjær ED, Bancroft I. Molecular markers for tolerance of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to dieback disease identified using Associative Transcriptomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19335. [PMID: 26757823 PMCID: PMC4725942 DOI: 10.1038/srep19335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree disease epidemics are a global problem, impacting food security, biodiversity and national economies. The potential for conservation and breeding in trees is hampered by complex genomes and long lifecycles, with most species lacking genomic resources. The European Ash tree Fraxinus excelsior is being devastated by the fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which causes ash dieback disease. Taking this system as an example and utilizing Associative Transcriptomics for the first time in a plant pathology study, we discovered gene sequence and gene expression variants across a genetic diversity panel scored for disease symptoms and identified markers strongly associated with canopy damage in infected trees. Using these markers we predicted phenotypes in a test panel of unrelated trees, successfully identifying individuals with a low level of susceptibility to the disease. Co-expression analysis suggested that pre-priming of defence responses may underlie reduced susceptibility to ash dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Vig McKinney
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yi Li
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Martin Trick
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Fiona Fraser
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | | | - J. Allan Downie
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard. J. A. Buggs
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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Hartvig I, Czako M, Kjær ED, Nielsen LR, Theilade I. The Use of DNA Barcoding in Identification and Conservation of Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138231. [PMID: 26375850 PMCID: PMC4573973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Dalbergia contains many valuable timber species threatened by illegal logging and deforestation, but knowledge on distributions and threats is often limited and accurate species identification difficult. The aim of this study was to apply DNA barcoding methods to support conservation efforts of Dalbergia species in Indochina. We used the recommended rbcL, matK and ITS barcoding markers on 95 samples covering 31 species of Dalbergia, and tested their discrimination ability with both traditional distance-based as well as different model-based machine learning methods. We specifically tested whether the markers could be used to solve taxonomic confusion concerning the timber species Dalbergia oliveri, and to identify the CITES-listed Dalbergia cochinchinensis. We also applied the barcoding markers to 14 samples of unknown identity. In general, we found that the barcoding markers discriminated among Dalbergia species with high accuracy. We found that ITS yielded the single highest discrimination rate (100%), but due to difficulties in obtaining high-quality sequences from degraded material, the better overall choice for Dalbergia seems to be the standard rbcL+matK barcode, as this yielded discrimination rates close to 90% and amplified well. The distance-based method TaxonDNA showed the highest identification rates overall, although a more complete specimen sampling is needed to conclude on the best analytic method. We found strong support for a monophyletic Dalbergia oliveri and encourage that this name is used consistently in Indochina. The CITES-listed Dalbergia cochinchinensis was successfully identified, and a species-specific assay can be developed from the data generated in this study for the identification of illegally traded timber. We suggest that the use of DNA barcoding is integrated into the work flow during floristic studies and at national herbaria in the region, as this could significantly increase the number of identified specimens and improve knowledge about species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hartvig
- Forest Genetics and Diversity, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mihaly Czako
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Forest Genetics and Diversity, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Forest Genetics and Diversity, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ida Theilade
- Global Development, Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Lassen KM, Kjær ED, Ouédraogo M, Nielsen LR. Microsatellite primers for Parkia biglobosa (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) reveal that a single plant sires all seeds per pod. Appl Plant Sci 2014; 2:apps1400024. [PMID: 25202634 PMCID: PMC4103441 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite primers were developed for an indigenous fruit tree, Parkia biglobosa, as a tool to study reproductive biology and population structure. Here we use the primers to determine the number of fathers per pod. • METHODS AND RESULTS Microsatellite loci were enriched in a genomic sample and isolated using pyrosequencing. Eleven primer pairs were characterized in two populations of P. biglobosa in Burkina Faso (each with 40 trees). The number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 15, and one locus had null alleles. We genotyped seeds from 24 open-pollinated pods. The genotypic profiles of seeds per pod suggest that all seeds are outcrossed and that only one pollen donor sires all ovules in a single fruit. • CONCLUSIONS Ten microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic. All seeds per pod of P. biglobosa were full siblings. The markers will be useful for reproductive and population genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Marie Lassen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Moussa Ouédraogo
- Centre National de Semences Forestières, Route de Kaya, 01 BP 2682 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Kjær ED, McKinney LV, Nielsen LR, Hansen LN, Hansen JK. Adaptive potential of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations against the novel emerging pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Evol Appl 2011; 5:219-28. [PMID: 25568043 PMCID: PMC3353348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging infectious pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus has spread across much of Europe within recent years causing devastating damage on European common ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) and associated plant communities. The present study demonstrates the presence of additive genetic variation in susceptibility of natural F. excelsior populations to the new invasive disease. We observe high levels of additive variation in the degree of susceptibility with relatively low influence of environmental factors (narrow-sense heritability = 0.37–0.52). Most native trees are found to be highly susceptible, and we estimate that only around 1% has the potential of producing offspring with expected crown damage of <10% under the present disease pressure. The results suggest that the presence of additive genetic diversity in natural F. excelsior populations can confer the species with important ability to recover, but that low resistance within natural European populations is to be expected because of a low frequency of the hypo-sensitive trees. Large effective population sizes will be required to avoid genetic bottlenecks. The role of artificial selection and breeding for protection of the species is discussed based on the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Dahl Kjær
- Forest & Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lea Vig McKinney
- Forest & Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Forest & Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars Nørgaard Hansen
- Forest & Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Forest & Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
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McKinney LV, Nielsen LR, Hansen JK, Kjær ED. Presence of natural genetic resistance in Fraxinus excelsior (Oleraceae) to Chalara fraxinea (Ascomycota): an emerging infectious disease. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 106:788-97. [PMID: 20823903 PMCID: PMC3186218 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraxinus excelsior, common ash native to Europe, is threatened by a recently identified pathogenic fungus Chalara fraxinea, which causes extensive damage on ash trees across Europe. In Denmark, most stands are severely affected leaving many trees with dead crowns. However, single trees show notably fewer symptoms. In this study, the impact of the emerging infectious disease on native Danish ash trees is assessed by estimating presence of inherent resistance in natural populations. Disease symptoms were assessed from 2007 to 2009 at two different sites with grafted ramets of 39 selected clones representing native F. excelsior trees. A strong genetic variation in susceptibility to C. fraxinea infections was observed. No genetic or geographic structure can explain the differences, but strong genetic correlations to leaf senescence were observed. The results suggest that a small fraction of trees in the Danish population of ash possess substantial resistance against the damage. Though this fraction is probably too low to avoid population collapse in most natural or managed ash forests, the observed presence of putative resistance against the emerging infectious disease in natural stands is likely to be of evolutionary importance. This provides prospects of future maintenance of the species through natural or artificial selection in favour of remaining healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V McKinney
- Department of Forest Genetic Resources, Forest and Landscape Denmark, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Larsen AS, Kjær ED. Pollen mediated gene flow in a native population of Malus sylvestris and its implications for contemporary gene conservation management. CONSERV GENET 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-008-9713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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