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McCowin MF, Collins PC, Rouse GW. Updated phylogeny of Vestimentifera (Siboglinidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) based on mitochondrial genomes, with a new species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 187:107872. [PMID: 37451325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Siboglinid tubeworms are found at chemosynthetic environments worldwide and the Vestimentifera clade is particularly well known for their reliance on chemoautotrophic bacterial symbionts for nutrition. The mitochondrial genomes have been published for nine vestimentiferan species to date. This study provides new complete mitochondrial genomes for ten further Vestimentifera, including the first mitochondrial genomes sequenced for Alaysia spiralis, Arcovestia ivanovi, Lamellibrachia barhami, Lamellibrachia columna, Lamellibrachia donwalshi, and unnamed species of Alaysia and Oasisia. Phylogenetic analyses combining fifteen mitochondrial genes and the nuclear 18S rRNA gene recovered Lamellibrachia as sister to the remaining Vestimentifera and Riftia pachyptila as separate from the other vent-endemic taxa. Implications and auxiliary analyses regarding differing phylogenetic tree topologies, substitution saturation, ancestral state reconstruction, and divergence estimates are also discussed. Additionally, a new species of Alaysia is described from the Manus Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina F McCowin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA.
| | - Patrick C Collins
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co. Antrim, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA; South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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2
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Berman GH, Johnson SB, Seid CA, Vrijenhoek RC, Rouse GW. Range extensions of Pacific bone-eating worms (Annelida, Siboglinidae, Osedax). Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e102803. [PMID: 38327359 PMCID: PMC10848615 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e102803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
First described in 2004 off California, Osedax worms are now known from many of the world's oceans, ranging from 10 to over 4000 m in depth. Currently, little is known about species ranges, since most descriptions are from single localities. In this study, we used new sampling in the north-eastern Pacific and available GenBank data from off Japan and Brazil to report expanded ranges for five species: Osedaxfrankpressi, O.knutei, O.packardorum, O.roseus and O.talkovici. We also provided additional DNA sequences from previously reported localities for two species: Osedaxpriapus and O.randyi. To assess the distribution of each species, we used cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences to generate haplotype networks and assess connectivity amongst localities where sampling permitted. Osedaxfrankpressi, O.packardorum, O.priapus, O.roseus and O.talkovici all had one or more dominant COI haplotypes shared by individuals at multiple localities, suggesting high connectivity throughout some or all of their ranges. Low ΦST values amongst populations for O.packardorum, O.roseus and O.talkovici confirmed high levels of gene flow throughout their known ranges. High ΦST values for O.frankpressi between the eastern Pacific and the Brazilian Atlantic showed little gene flow, reflected by the haplotype network, which had distinct Pacific and Atlantic haplotype clusters. This study greatly expands the ranges and provides insights into the phylogeography for these nine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella H. Berman
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of AmericaScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CAUnited States of America
| | - Shannon B. Johnson
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, United States of AmericaMonterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingUnited States of America
| | - Charlotte A. Seid
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of AmericaScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CAUnited States of America
| | - Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, United States of AmericaMonterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingUnited States of America
| | - Greg W. Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of AmericaScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CAUnited States of America
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3
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Georgieva MN, Rimskaya-Korsakova NN, Krolenko VI, Van Dover CL, Amon DJ, Copley JT, Plouviez S, Ball B, Wiklund H, Glover AG. A tale of two tubeworms: taxonomy of vestimentiferans (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre. INVERTEBR SYST 2023. [DOI: 10.1071/is22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The vestimentiferan tubeworm genera Lamellibrachia and Escarpia inhabit deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, such as seeps, hydrothermal vents and organic falls, and have wide distributions across the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In 2010–2012 during initial explorations of hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC), both genera were found to co-occur at the Von Damm Vent Field (VDVF), a site characterised by diffuse flow, therefore resembling a ‘hydrothermal seep’. Here, we erect two new vestimentiferan tubeworm species from the VDVF, Lamellibrachia judigobini sp. nov. and Escarpia tritentaculata sp. nov. Lamellibrachia judigobini sp. nov. differs genetically and morphologically from other Lamellibrachia species, and has a range that extends across the Gulf of Mexico, MCSC, off Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados, and also across both vents and seeps and 964–3304-m water depth. Escarpia tritentaculata sp. nov. is distinguished from other Escarpia species primarily based on morphology and is known only from vents of the MCSC at 2300-m depth. This study highlights the incredible habitat flexibility of a single Lamellibrachia species and the genus Escarpia, and historic biogeographic connections to the eastern Pacific for L. judigobini sp. nov. and the eastern Atlantic for E. tritentaculata sp. nov. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D9F72BD4-FDE1-4C0A-B84B-A08D06F2A981
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4
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Thompson LM, Klütsch CFC, Manseau M, Wilson PJ. Spatial differences in genetic diversity and northward migration suggest genetic erosion along the boreal caribou southern range limit and continued range retraction. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7030-7046. [PMID: 31380031 PMCID: PMC6662424 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing human activities and associated landscape changes, distributions of terrestrial mammals become fragmented. These changes in distribution are often associated with reduced population sizes and loss of genetic connectivity and diversity (i.e., genetic erosion) which may further diminish a species' ability to respond to changing environmental conditions and lead to local population extinctions. We studied threatened boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations across their distribution in Ontario/Manitoba (Canada) to assess changes in genetic diversity and connectivity in areas of high and low anthropogenic activity. Using data from >1,000 caribou and nine microsatellite loci, we assessed population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and recent migration rates using a combination of network and population genetic analyses. We used Bayesian clustering analyses to identify population genetic structure and explored spatial and temporal variation in those patterns by assembling networks based on R ST and F ST as historical and contemporary genetic edge distances, respectively. The Bayesian clustering analyses identified broad-scale patterns of genetic structure and closely aligned with the R ST network. The F ST network revealed substantial contemporary genetic differentiation, particularly in areas presenting contemporary anthropogenic disturbances and habitat fragmentation. In general, relatively lower genetic diversity and greater genetic differentiation were detected along the southern range limit, differing from areas in the northern parts of the distribution. Moreover, estimation of migration rates suggested a northward movement of animals away from the southern range limit. The patterns of genetic erosion revealed in our study suggest ongoing range retraction of boreal caribou in central Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Thompson
- Natural Resources DNA Profiling and Forensic CentreTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Present address:
U.S. Geological SurveyNational Climate Adaptation Science CenterRestonVirginia
| | - Cornelya F. C. Klütsch
- Natural Resources DNA Profiling and Forensic CentreTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Present address:
Division of Environmental Research in the Barents RegionNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)SvanvikNorway
| | - Micheline Manseau
- Natural Resources DNA Profiling and Forensic CentreTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Landscape Science and TechnologyEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Paul J. Wilson
- Natural Resources DNA Profiling and Forensic CentreTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
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5
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Sen A, Duperron S, Hourdez S, Piquet B, Léger N, Gebruk A, Le Port AS, Svenning MM, Andersen AC. Cryptic frenulates are the dominant chemosymbiotrophic fauna at Arctic and high latitude Atlantic cold seeps. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209273. [PMID: 30592732 PMCID: PMC6310283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide the first detailed identification of Barents Sea cold seep frenulate hosts and their symbionts. Mitochondrial COI sequence analysis, in combination with detailed morphological investigations through both light and electron microscopy was used for identifying frenulate hosts, and comparing them to Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis and Oligobrachia webbi, two morphologically similar species known from the Norwegian Sea. Specimens from sites previously assumed to host O. haakonmosbiensis were included in our molecular analysis, which allowed us to provide new insight on the debate regarding species identity of these Oligobrachia worms. Our results indicate that high Arctic seeps are inhabited by a species that though closely related to Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis, is nonetheless distinct. We refer to this group as the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade, based on the colloquial names of the sites they are currently known to inhabit. Since members of the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade cannot be distinguished from O. haakonmosbiensis or O. webbi based on morphology, we suggest that a complex of cryptic Oligobrachia species inhabit seeps in the Norwegian Sea and the Arctic. The symbionts of the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade were also found to be closely related to O. haakonmosbiensis symbionts, but genetically distinct. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and transmission electron micrographs revealed extremely dense populations of bacteria within the trophosome of members of the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade, which is unusual for frenulates. Bacterial genes for sulfur oxidation were detected and small rod shaped bacteria (round in cross section), typical of siboglinid-associated sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, were seen on electron micrographs of trophosome bacteriocytes, suggesting that sulfide constitutes the main energy source. We hypothesize that specific, local geochemical conditions, in particular, high sulfide fluxes and concentrations could account for the unusually high symbiont densities in members of the Oligrobrachia sp. CPL-clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sen
- Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Sorbonne Université, UMR7208 (MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA) Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Paris, France.,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-UMR7245 (MNHN CNRS) Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hourdez
- UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Bérénice Piquet
- Sorbonne Université, UMR7208 (MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA) Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Paris, France.,UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Nelly Léger
- Sorbonne Université, UMR7208 (MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA) Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Paris, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Le Port
- UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Mette Marianne Svenning
- Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Arctic Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ann C Andersen
- UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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6
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Southernmost records of Escarpia spicata and Lamellibrachia barhami (Annelida: Siboglinidae) confirmed with DNA obtained from dried tubes collected from undiscovered reducing environments in northern Chile. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204959. [PMID: 30300424 PMCID: PMC6177156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea fishing bycatch enables collection of samples of rare species that are not easily accessible, for research purposes. However, these specimens are often degraded, losing diagnostic morphological characteristics. Several tubes of vestimentiferans, conspicuous annelids endemic to chemosynthetic environments, were obtained from a single batch of deep-sea fishing bycatch at depths of around 1,500 m off Huasco, northern Chile, as part of an ongoing study examining bycatch species. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and an intron region within the hemoglobin subunit B2 (hbB2i) were successfully determined using vestimentiferans’ dried-up tubes and their degraded inner tissue. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence identified the samples as Escarpia spicata Jones, 1985, and Lamellibrachia barhami Webb, 1969. These are the southernmost records, vastly extending the geographical ranges of both species from Santa Catalina Island, California to northern Chile for E. spicata (over 8,000 km), and from Vancouver Island Margin to northern Chile for L. barhami (over 10,000 km). We also determined a 16S rRNA sequence of symbiotic bacteria of L. barhami. The sequence of the bacteria is the same as that of E. laminata, Lamellibrachia sp. 1, and Lamellibrachia sp.2 known from the Gulf of Mexico. The present study provides sound evidence forthe presence of reducing environments along the continental margin of northern Chile.
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7
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Medina-Silva R, Oliveira RR, Trindade FJ, Borges LGA, Lopes Simão TL, Augustin AH, Valdez FP, Constant MJ, Simundi CL, Eizirik E, Groposo C, Miller DJ, da Silva PR, Viana AR, Ketzer JMM, Giongo A. Microbiota associated with tubes of Escarpia sp. from cold seeps in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean constitutes a community distinct from that of surrounding marine sediment and water. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:533-550. [PMID: 29110156 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As the depth increases and the light fades in oceanic cold seeps, a variety of chemosynthetic-based benthic communities arise. Previous assessments reported polychaete annelids belonging to the family Siboglinidae as part of the fauna at cold seeps, with the 'Vestimentifera' clade containing specialists that depend on microbial chemosynthetic endosymbionts for nutrition. Little information exists concerning the microbiota of the external portion of the vestimentiferan trunk wall. We employed 16S rDNA-based metabarcoding to describe the external microbiota of the chitin tubes from the vestimentiferan Escarpia collected from a chemosynthetic community in a cold seep area at the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The most abundant operational taxonomic unit (OTU) belonged to the family Pirellulaceae (phylum Planctomycetes), and the second most abundant OTU belonged to the order Methylococcales (phylum Proteobacteria), composing an average of 21.1 and 15.4% of the total reads on tubes, respectively. These frequencies contrasted with those from the surrounding environment (sediment and water), where they represent no more than 0.1% of the total reads each. Moreover, some taxa with lower abundances were detected only in Escarpia tube walls. These data constitute on the first report of an epibiont microbial community found in close association with external surface of a cold-seep metazoan, Escarpia sp., from a chemosynthetic community in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Medina-Silva
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Oliveira
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda J Trindade
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz G A Borges
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Taiz L Lopes Simão
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adolpho H Augustin
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Valdez
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J Constant
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina L Simundi
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claudia Groposo
- Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dennis J Miller
- Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Reis da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - João M M Ketzer
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Giongo
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 96J Sala 501-04, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Karaseva NP, Rimskaya-Korsakova NN, Galkin SV, Malakhov VV. Taxonomy, geographical and bathymetric distribution of vestimentiferan tubeworms (Annelida, Siboglinidae). BIOL BULL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359016090132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Huang C, Schaeffer SW, Fisher CR, Cowart DA. Investigation of population structure in Gulf of Mexico Seepiophila jonesi (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae) using cross-amplified microsatellite loci. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2366. [PMID: 27635334 PMCID: PMC5012325 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestimentiferan tubeworms are some of the most recognizable fauna found at deep-sea cold seeps, isolated environments where hydrocarbon rich fluids fuel biological communities. Several studies have investigated tubeworm population structure; however, much is still unknown about larval dispersal patterns at Gulf of Mexico (GoM) seeps. As such, researchers have applied microsatellite markers as a measure for documenting the transport of vestimentiferan individuals. In the present study, we investigate the utility of microsatellites to be cross-amplified within the escarpiid clade of seep vestimentiferans, by determining if loci originally developed for Escarpia spp. could be amplified in the GoM seep tubeworm, Seepiophila jonesi. Additionally, we determine if cross-amplified loci can reliably uncover the same signatures of high gene flow seen in a previous investigation of S. jonesi. METHODS Seventy-seven S. jonesi individuals were collected from eight seep sites across the upper Louisiana slope (<1,000 m) in the GoM. Forty-eight microsatellite loci that were originally developed for Escarpia laminata (18 loci) and Escarpia southwardae (30 loci) were tested to determine if they were homologous and polymorphic in S. jonesi. Loci found to be both polymorphic and of high quality were used to test for significant population structuring in S. jonesi. RESULTS Microsatellite pre-screening identified 13 (27%) of the Escarpia loci were homologous and polymorphic in S. jonesi, revealing that microsatellites can be amplified within the escarpiid clade of vestimentiferans. Our findings uncovered low levels of heterozygosity and a lack of genetic differentiation amongst S. jonesi from various sites and regions, in line with previous investigations that employed species-specific polymorphic loci on S. jonesi individuals retrieved from both the same and different seep sites. The lack of genetic structure identified from these populations supports the presence of significant gene flow via larval dispersal in mixed oceanic currents. DISCUSSION The ability to develop "universal" microsatellites reduces the costs associated with these analyses and allows researchers to track and investigate a wider array of taxa, which is particularly useful for organisms living at inaccessible locations such as the deep sea. Our study highlights that non-species specific microsatellites can be amplified across large evolutionary distances and still yield similar findings as species-specific loci. Further, these results show that S. jonesi collected from various localities in the GoM represents a single panmictic population, suggesting that dispersal of lecithotrophic larvae by deep sea currents is sufficient to homogenize populations. These data are consistent with the high levels of gene flow seen in Escarpia spp., which advocates that differences in microhabitats of seep localities lead to variation in biogeography of separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Huang
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Stephen W. Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Charles R. Fisher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dominique A. Cowart
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Current affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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10
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Potential Connectivity of Coldwater Black Coral Communities in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156257. [PMID: 27218260 PMCID: PMC4878809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The black coral Leiopathes glaberrima is a foundation species of deep-sea benthic communities but little is known of the longevity of its larvae and the timing of spawning because it inhabits environments deeper than 50 m that are logistically challenging to observe. Here, the potential connectivity of L. glaberrima in the northern Gulf of Mexico was investigated using a genetic and a physical dispersal model. The genetic analysis focused on data collected at four sites distributed to the east and west of Mississippi Canyon, provided information integrated over many (~10,000) generations and revealed low but detectable realized connectivity. The physical dispersal model simulated the circulation in the northern Gulf at a 1km horizontal resolution with transport-tracking capabilities; virtual larvae were deployed 12 times over the course of 3 years and followed over intervals of 40 days. Connectivity between sites to the east and west of the canyon was hampered by the complex bathymetry, by differences in mean circulation to the east and west of the Mississippi Canyon, and by flow instabilities at scales of a few kilometers. Further, the interannual variability of the flow field surpassed seasonal changes. Together, these results suggest that a) dispersal among sites is limited, b) any recovery in the event of a large perturbation will depend on local larvae produced by surviving individuals, and c) a competency period longer than a month is required for the simulated potential connectivity to match the connectivity from multi-locus genetic data under the hypothesis that connectivity has not changed significantly over the past 10,000 generations.
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11
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Georgieva MN, Wiklund H, Bell JB, Eilertsen MH, Mills RA, Little CTS, Glover AG. A chemosynthetic weed: the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum is a bipolar, cosmopolitan species. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:280. [PMID: 26667806 PMCID: PMC4678467 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerolinum (Annelida: Siboglinidae) is a genus of small, wiry deep-sea tubeworms that depend on an endosymbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria for their nutrition, notable for their ability to colonise a multitude of reducing environments. Since the early 2000s, a Sclerolinum population has been known to inhabit sediment-hosted hydrothermal vents within the Bransfield Strait, Southern Ocean, and whilst remaining undescribed, it has been suggested to play an important ecological role in this ecosystem. Here, we show that the Southern Ocean Sclerolinum population is not a new species, but more remarkably in fact belongs to the species S. contortum, first described from an Arctic mud volcano located nearly 16,000 km away. RESULTS Our new data coupled with existing genetic studies extend the range of this species across both polar oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. Our analyses show that the populations of this species are structured on a regional scale, with greater genetic differentiation occurring between rather than within populations. Further details of the external morphology and tube structure of S. contortum are revealed through confocal and SEM imaging, and the ecology of this worm is discussed. CONCLUSIONS These results shed further insight into the plasticity and adaptability of this siboglinid group to a range of reducing conditions, and into the levels of gene flow that occur between populations of the same species over a global extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena N Georgieva
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
| | - James B Bell
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Mari H Eilertsen
- Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rachel A Mills
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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12
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Ruiz-Ramos DV, Saunders M, Fisher CR, Baums IB. Home Bodies and Wanderers: Sympatric Lineages of the Deep-Sea Black Coral Leiopathes glaberrima. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138989. [PMID: 26488161 PMCID: PMC4619277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonial corals occur in a wide range of marine benthic habitats from the shallows to the deep ocean, often defining the structure of their local community. The black coral Leiopathes glaberrima is a long-lived foundation species occurring on carbonate outcrops in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Multiple color morphs of L. glaberrima grow sympatrically in the region. Morphological, mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal markers supported the hypothesis that color morphs constituted a single biological species and that colonies, regardless of color, were somewhat genetically differentiated east and west of the Mississippi Canyon. Ten microsatellite loci were used to determine finer-scale population genetic structure and reproductive characteristics. Gene flow was disrupted between and within two nearby (distance = 36.4 km) hardground sites and two sympatric microsatellite lineages, which might constitute cryptic species, were recovered. Lineage one was outbred and found in all sampled locations (N = 5) across 765.6 km in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Lineage two was inbred, reproducing predominantly by fragmentation, and restricted to sites around Viosca Knoll. In these sites the lineages and the color phenotypes occurred in different microhabitats, and models of maximum entropy suggested that depth and slope influence the distribution of the color phenotypes within the Vioska Knolls. We conclude that L. glaberrima is phenotypically plastic with a mixed reproductive strategy in the Northern GoM. Such strategy might enable this long-lived species to balance local recruitment with occasional long-distance dispersal to colonize new sites in an environment where habitat is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannise V. Ruiz-Ramos
- Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Miles Saunders
- Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Fisher
- Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Iliana B. Baums
- Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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13
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Quattrini AM, Baums IB, Shank TM, Morrison CL, Cordes EE. Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20150008. [PMID: 25904664 PMCID: PMC4424640 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The depth-differentiation hypothesis proposes that the bathyal region is a source of genetic diversity and an area where there is a high rate of species formation. Genetic differentiation should thus occur over relatively small vertical distances, particularly along the upper continental slope (200-1000 m) where oceanography varies greatly over small differences in depth. To test whether genetic differentiation within deepwater octocorals is greater over vertical rather than geographical distances, Callogorgia delta was targeted. This species commonly occurs throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico at depths ranging from 400 to 900 m. We found significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.042) across seven sites spanning 400 km of distance and 400 m of depth. A pattern of isolation by depth emerged, but geographical distance between sites may further limit gene flow. Water mass boundaries may serve to isolate populations across depth; however, adaptive divergence with depth is also a possible scenario. Microsatellite markers also revealed significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.434) between C. delta and a closely related species, Callogorgia americana, demonstrating the utility of microsatellites in species delimitation of octocorals. Results provided support for the depth-differentiation hypothesis, strengthening the notion that factors covarying with depth serve as isolation mechanisms in deep-sea populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Quattrini
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Iliana B Baums
- Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Timothy M Shank
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morrison
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Erik E Cordes
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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14
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Rieseberg L, Vines T, Gow J, Geraldes A. Editorial 2015. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1-17. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Thaler AD, Plouviez S, Saleu W, Alei F, Jacobson A, Boyle EA, Schultz TF, Carlsson J, Van Dover CL. Comparative population structure of two deep-sea hydrothermal-vent-associated decapods (Chorocaris sp. 2 and Munidopsis lauensis) from southwestern Pacific back-arc basins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101345. [PMID: 24983244 PMCID: PMC4077841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of genetic connectivity and population structure in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems often focus on endosymbiont-hosting species that are directly dependent on chemical energy extracted from vent effluent for survival. Relatively little attention has been paid to vent-associated species that are not exclusively dependent on chemosynthetic ecosystems. Here we assess connectivity and population structure of two vent-associated invertebrates—the shrimp Chorocaris sp. 2 and the squat lobster Munidopsis lauensis—that are common at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the western Pacific. While Chorocaris sp. 2 has only been observed at hydrothermal vent sites, M. lauensis can be found throughout the deep sea but occurs in higher abundance around the periphery of active vents We sequenced mitochondrial COI genes and deployed nuclear microsatellite markers for both species at three sites in Manus Basin and either North Fiji Basin (Chorocaris sp. 2) or Lau Basin (Munidopsis lauensis). We assessed genetic differentiation across a range of spatial scales, from approximately 2.5 km to more than 3000 km. Population structure for Chorocaris sp. 2 was comparable to that of the vent-associated snail Ifremeria nautilei, with a single seemingly well-mixed population within Manus Basin that is genetically differentiated from conspecifics in North Fiji Basin. Population structure for Munidopsis lauensis was more complex, with two genetically differentiated populations in Manus Basin and a third well-differentiated population in Lau Basin. The unexpectedly high level of genetic differentiation between M. lauensis populations in Manus Basin deserves further study since it has implications for conservation and management of diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Thaler
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sophie Plouviez
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William Saleu
- Nautilus Minerals, Port Moresby, NCD, Papua New Guinea
| | - Freddie Alei
- Environmental Science and Geography Division, School of Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alixandra Jacobson
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily A. Boyle
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas F. Schultz
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jens Carlsson
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cindy Lee Van Dover
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
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16
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Kivelä M, Arnaud-Haond S, Saramäki J. EDENetworks: A user-friendly software to build and analyse networks in biogeography, ecology and population genetics. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 15:117-22. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Kivelä
- Oxford Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics; Mathematical Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science; School of Science; Aalto University; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sophie Arnaud-Haond
- Ifremer; UMR «Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités»; Bd Jean Monnet BP 171 34203 Sète Cedex France
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science; School of Science; Aalto University; Helsinki Finland
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17
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Jennings RM, Etter RJ, Ficarra L. Population differentiation and species formation in the deep sea: the potential role of environmental gradients and depth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77594. [PMID: 24098590 PMCID: PMC3788136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological speciation probably plays a more prominent role in diversification than previously thought, particularly in marine ecosystems where dispersal potential is great and where few obvious barriers to gene flow exist. This may be especially true in the deep sea where allopatric speciation seems insufficient to account for the rich and largely endemic fauna. Ecologically driven population differentiation and speciation are likely to be most prevalent along environmental gradients, such as those attending changes in depth. We quantified patterns of genetic variation along a depth gradient (1600-3800m) in the western North Atlantic for a protobranch bivalve (Nuculaatacellana) to test for population divergence. Multilocus analyses indicated a sharp discontinuity across a narrow depth range, with extremely low gene flow inferred between shallow and deep populations for thousands of generations. Phylogeographical discordance occurred between nuclear and mitochondrial loci as might be expected during the early stages of species formation. Because the geographic distance between divergent populations is small and no obvious dispersal barriers exist in this region, we suggest the divergence might reflect ecologically driven selection mediated by environmental correlates of the depth gradient. As inferred for numerous shallow-water species, environmental gradients that parallel changes in depth may play a key role in the genesis and adaptive radiation of the deep-water fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Jennings
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ron J. Etter
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lynn Ficarra
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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18
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Teixeira S, Olu K, Decker C, Cunha RL, Fuchs S, Hourdez S, Serrão EA, Arnaud-Haond S. High connectivity across the fragmented chemosynthetic ecosystems of the deep Atlantic Equatorial Belt: efficient dispersal mechanisms or questionable endemism? Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4663-80. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Olu
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
| | - Carole Decker
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
| | - Regina L. Cunha
- Centre of Marine Sciences; CIMAR, University of Algarve; Campus of Gambelas; 8005-139; Faro; Portugal
| | - Sandra Fuchs
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
| | - Stéphane Hourdez
- Station Biologique de Roscoff; Equipe Ecophysiologie Adaptation et Evolution Moleculaires; 29680; Roscoff; France
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences; CIMAR, University of Algarve; Campus of Gambelas; 8005-139; Faro; Portugal
| | - Sophie Arnaud-Haond
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
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