1
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Hagan T, Ding G, Buchmann G, Oldroyd BP, Gloag R. Serial founder effects slow range expansion in an invasive social insect. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3608. [PMID: 38684711 PMCID: PMC11058855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive populations often experience founder effects: a loss of genetic diversity relative to the source population, due to a small number of founders. Even where these founder effects do not impact colonization success, theory predicts they might affect the rate at which invasive populations expand. This is because secondary founder effects are generated at advancing population edges, further reducing local genetic diversity and elevating genetic load. We show that in an expanding invasive population of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), genetic diversity is indeed lowest at range edges, including at the complementary sex determiner, csd, a locus that is homozygous-lethal. Consistent with lower local csd diversity, range edge colonies had lower brood viability than colonies in the range centre. Further, simulations of a newly-founded and expanding honey bee population corroborate the spatial patterns in mean colony fitness observed in our empirical data and show that such genetic load at range edges will slow the rate of population expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hagan
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Guiling Ding
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Gabriele Buchmann
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rosalyn Gloag
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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2
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Zhang R, Guo Z, Fang L, Zhong C, Duke NC, Shi S. Population subdivision promoted by a sea-level-change-driven bottleneck: A glimpse from the evolutionary history of the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:780-797. [PMID: 34826188 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Historic climate changes drive geographical populations of coastal plants to contract and recover dynamically, even die out completely. Species suffering from such bottlenecks usually lose intraspecific genetic diversity, but how do these events influence population subdivision patterns of coastal plants? Here, we investigated this question in the typical coastal plant: mangrove species Aegiceras corniculatum. Inhabiting the intertidal zone of the tropical and subtropical coast of the Indo-West Pacific oceans, its populations are deemed to be greatly shaped by historic sea-level fluctuations. Using dual methods of Sanger and Illumina sequencing, we found that the 18 sampled populations were structured into two groups, namely, the "Indo-Malayan" group, comprising three subgroups (the northern South China Sea, Gulf of Bengal, and Bali), and the "Pan-Australasia" group, comprising the subgroups of the southern South China Sea and Australasia. Based on the approximate Bayesian computations and Stairway Plot, we inferred that the southern South China Sea subgroup, which penetrates the interior of the "Indo-Malayan" group, originated from the Australasia subgroup, accompanied by a severe bottleneck event, with a spot of gene flow from both the Australasia and "Indo-Malayan" groups. Geographical barriers such as the Sundaland underlie the genetic break between Indian and Pacific Oceans, but the discontinuity between southern and northern South China Sea was originated from genetic drift in the bottleneck event. Hence, we revealed a case evidencing that the bottleneck event promoted population subdivision. This conclusion may be applicable in other taxa beyond coastal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, China
| | - Norman C Duke
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Hagan T, Gloag R. Founder effects on sex determination systems in invasive social insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 46:31-38. [PMID: 33610774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Invasive populations are often established from a small number of individuals, and thus have low genetic diversity relative to native-range populations. Social ants, bees and wasps (social Hymenoptera) should be vulnerable to such founder effects on genetic diversity because sex in these species is determined genetically via Complementary Sex Determination (CSD). Under CSD, individuals homozygous at one or more critical sex loci are inviable or develop as infertile diploid males. Low diversity at sex loci leads to increased homozygosity and diploid male production, increasing the chance of colony death. In this review, we identify behavioral, social and reproductive traits that preserve allele richness at sex loci, allow colonies to cope with diploid male production, and eventually restore sex allele diversity in invasive populations of social Hymenoptera that experience founding bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hagan
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosalyn Gloag
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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4
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Seppä P, Bonelli M, Dupont S, Hakala SM, Bagnères AG, Lorenzi MC. Strong Gene Flow Undermines Local Adaptations in a Host Parasite System. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090585. [PMID: 32882832 PMCID: PMC7564341 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The co-evolution of hosts and parasites depends on their ability to adapt to each other’s defense and counter-defense mechanisms. The strength of selection on those mechanisms may vary among populations, resulting in a geographical mosaic of co-evolution. The boreo-montane paper wasp Polistes biglumis and its parasite Polistes atrimandibularis exemplify this type of co-evolutionary system. Here, we used genetic markers to examine the genetic population structures of these wasps in the western Alps. We found that both host and parasite populations displayed similar levels of genetic variation. In the host species, populations located near to each other were genetically similar; in both the host and the parasite species populations farther apart were significantly different. Thus, apparent dispersal barriers (i.e., high mountains) did not seem to restrict gene flow across populations as expected. Furthermore, there were no major differences in gene flow between the two species, perhaps because P. atrimandibularis parasitizes both alpine and lowland host species and annually migrates between alpine and lowland populations. The presence of strong gene flow in a system where local populations experience variable levels of selection pressure challenges the classical hypothesis that restricted gene flow is required for local adaptations to evolve. Abstract The co-evolutionary pathways followed by hosts and parasites strongly depend on the adaptive potential of antagonists and its underlying genetic architecture. Geographically structured populations of interacting species often experience local differences in the strength of reciprocal selection pressures, which can result in a geographic mosaic of co-evolution. One example of such a system is the boreo-montane social wasp Polistes biglumis and its social parasite Polistes atrimandibularis, which have evolved local defense and counter-defense mechanisms to match their antagonist. In this work, we study spatial genetic structure of P. biglumis and P. atrimandibularis populations at local and regional scales in the Alps, by using nuclear markers (DNA microsatellites, AFLP) and mitochondrial sequences. Both the host and the parasite populations harbored similar amounts of genetic variation. Host populations were not genetically structured at the local scale, but geographic regions were significantly differentiated from each other in both the host and the parasite in all markers. The net dispersal inferred from genetic differentiation was similar in the host and the parasite, which may be due to the annual migration pattern of the parasites between alpine and lowland populations. Thus, the apparent dispersal barriers (i.e., high mountains) do not restrict gene flow as expected and there are no important gene flow differences between the species, which contradict the hypothesis that restricted gene flow is required for local adaptations to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Seppä
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariaelena Bonelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (M.C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS—Université de Tours, Avenue Monge, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (S.D.); (A.-G.B.)
| | - Simon Dupont
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS—Université de Tours, Avenue Monge, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (S.D.); (A.-G.B.)
| | - Sanja Maria Hakala
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Anne-Geneviève Bagnères
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS—Université de Tours, Avenue Monge, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (S.D.); (A.-G.B.)
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR5175, Université Montpellier, Université Paul Valery Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Maria Cristina Lorenzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (M.C.L.)
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology (LEEC), University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
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5
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Bluher SE, Miller SE, Sheehan MJ. Fine-Scale Population Structure but Limited Genetic Differentiation in a Cooperatively Breeding Paper Wasp. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:701-714. [PMID: 32271866 PMCID: PMC7259676 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the processes shaping population structure in cooperatively breeding insect species, despite the long-hypothesized importance of population structure in shaping patterns of cooperative breeding. Polistes paper wasps are primitively eusocial insects, with a cooperative breeding system in which females often found nests in cooperative associations. Prior mark-recapture studies of Polistes have documented extreme female philopatry, although genetic studies frequently fail to detect the strong population structure expected for highly philopatric species. Together these findings have led to lack of consensus on the degree of dispersal and population structure in these species. This study assessed population structure of female Polistes fuscatus wasps at three scales: within a single site, throughout Central New York, and across the Northeastern United States. Patterns of spatial genetic clustering and isolation by distance were observed in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes at the continental scale. Remarkably, population structure was evident even at fine spatial scales within a single collection site. However, P. fuscatus had low levels of genetic differentiation across long distances. These results suggest that P. fuscatus wasps may employ multiple dispersal strategies, including extreme natal philopatry as well as longer-distance dispersal. We observed greater genetic differentiation in mitochondrial genes than in the nuclear genome, indicative of increased dispersal distances in males. Our findings support the hypothesis that limited female dispersal contributes toward population structure in paper wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bluher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University
| | - Sara E Miller
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University
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6
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Cao L, Gao Y, Gong Y, Chen J, Chen M, Hoffmann A, Wei S. Population analysis reveals genetic structure of an invasive agricultural thrips pest related to invasion of greenhouses and suitable climatic space. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1868-1880. [PMID: 31700532 PMCID: PMC6824073 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions of pests into climatically unsuitable areas can be facilitated by human-regulated environments, in which case there may be an impact on genetic structure through population processes and/or adaptation. Here, we investigated the population genetic structure of an invasive agricultural pest, Thrips palmi, in China, which has expanded its distribution range through using greenhouses. Early invaded populations showed a relatively higher level of genetic diversity than recently expanded greenhouse populations. Strong population genetic structure corresponded to a pattern of isolation by distance, with no recent gene flow and low historical gene flow among populations, reflecting limited ongoing dispersal. A genetic signature of population expansion was detected in early invaded populations and three northern populations from greenhouses, suggesting that the greenhouse environments facilitated expansion of this species. Redundancy analysis showed that the independent effects of environment and geography could explain 51.68% and 32.06% of the genetic variance, respectively. These findings point to climate- and greenhouse-related spatial expansion, with the potential for adaptation by T. palmi. They emphasize the contribution of human-regulated environments on the successes of this invasive species, a situation likely to apply to other invasive species that use greenhouse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Fu Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ya‐Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Shu‐Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
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7
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Dobelmann J, Alexander A, Baty JW, Gemmell NJ, Gruber MAM, Quinn O, Wenseleers T, Lester PJ. The association between mitochondrial genetic variation and reduced colony fitness in an invasive wasp. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3324-3338. [PMID: 31233636 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the mitochondrion's long-recognized role in energy production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation commonly found in natural populations was assumed to be effectively neutral. However, variation in mtDNA has now been increasingly linked to phenotypic variation in life history traits and fitness. We examined whether the relative fitness in native and invasive common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) populations in Belgium and New Zealand (NZ), respectively, can be linked to mtDNA variation. Social wasp colonies in NZ were smaller with comparatively fewer queen cells, indicating a reduced relative fitness in the invaded range. Interestingly, queen cells in this population were significantly larger leading to larger queen offspring. By sequencing 1,872 bp of the mitochondrial genome, we determined mitochondrial haplotypes and detected reduced genetic diversity in NZ. Three common haplotypes in NZ frequently produced many queens, whereas the four rare haplotypes produced significantly fewer or no queens. The entire mitochondrial genome for each of these haplotypes was sequenced to identify polymorphisms associated with fitness reduction. We found 16 variable sites; however, no nonsynonymous mutation that was clearly causing impaired mitochondrial function was detected. We discuss how detected variants may alter secondary structures, gene expression or mito-nuclear interactions, or could be associated with nuclear-encoded variation. Whatever the ultimate mechanism, we show reduced fitness and mtDNA variation in an invasive wasp population as well as specific mtDNA variants associated with fitness variation within this population. Ours is one of only a few studies that confirm fitness impacts of mtDNA variation in wild nonmodel populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dobelmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alana Alexander
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James W Baty
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Monica A M Gruber
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Oliver Quinn
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip J Lester
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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8
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Lack of genetic structuring, low effective population sizes and major bottlenecks characterise common and German wasps in New Zealand. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Lester PJ, Sébastien A, Suarez AV, Barbieri RF, Gruber MAM. Symbiotic bacterial communities in ants are modified by invasion pathway bottlenecks and alter host behavior. Ecology 2018; 98:861-874. [PMID: 28039867 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are a threat to global biodiversity and provide unique opportunities to study ecological processes. Population bottlenecks are a common feature of biological invasions and the severity of these bottlenecks is likely to be compounded as an invasive species spreads from initial invasion sites to additional locations. Despite extensive work on the genetic consequences of bottlenecks, we know little about how they influence microbial communities of the invaders themselves. Due to serial bottlenecks, invasive species may lose microbial symbionts including pathogenic taxa (the enemy release hypothesis) and/or may accumulate natural enemies with increasing time after invasion (the pathogen accumulation and invasive decline hypothesis). We tested these alternate hypotheses by surveying bacterial communities of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile). We found evidence for serial symbiont bottlenecks: the bacterial community richness declined over the invasion pathway from Argentina to New Zealand. The abundance of some genera, such as Lactobacillus, also significantly declined over the invasion pathway. Argentine ants from populations in the United States shared the most genera with ants from their native range in Argentina, while New Zealand shared the least (120 vs. 57, respectively). Nine genera were present in all sites around the globe possibly indicating a core group of obligate microbes. In accordance with the pathogen accumulation and invasive decline hypothesis, Argentine ants acquired genera unique to each specific invaded country. The United States had the most unique genera, though even within New Zealand these ants acquired symbionts. In addition to our biogeographic sampling, we administered antibiotics to Argentine ants to determine if changes in the micro-symbiont community could influence behavior and survival in interspecific interactions. Treatment with the antibiotics spectinomycin and kanamycin only slightly increased Argentine ant interspecific aggression, but this increase significantly decreased survival in interspecific interactions. The survival of the native ant species also decreased when the symbiotic microbial community within Argentine ants was modified by antibiotics. Our work offers support for both the enemy release hypothesis and that invasive species accumulate novel microbial taxa within their invaded range. These changes appear likely to influence invader behavior and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lester
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra Sébastien
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew V Suarez
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Rafael F Barbieri
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Monica A M Gruber
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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Nair A, Nonaka E, van Nouhuys S. Increased fluctuation in a butterfly metapopulation leads to diploid males and decline of a hyperparasitoid. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0372. [PMID: 30135149 PMCID: PMC6125898 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change can increase spatial synchrony of population dynamics, leading to large-scale fluctuation that destabilizes communities. High trophic level species such as parasitoids are disproportionally affected because they depend on unstable resources. Most parasitoid wasps have complementary sex determination, producing sterile males when inbred, which can theoretically lead to population extinction via the diploid male vortex (DMV). We examined this process empirically using a hyperparasitoid population inhabiting a spatially structured host population in a large fragmented landscape. Over four years of high host butterfly metapopulation fluctuation, diploid male production by the wasp increased, and effective population size declined precipitously. Our multitrophic spatially structured model shows that host population fluctuation can cause local extinctions of the hyperparasitoid because of the DMV. However, regionally it persists because spatial structure allows for efficient local genetic rescue via balancing selection for rare alleles carried by immigrants. This is, to our knowledge, the first empirically based study of the possibility of the DMV in a natural host–parasitoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Nair
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland .,Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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11
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Where can introduced populations learn their tricks? Searching for the geographical source of a species introduction to the Galápagos archipelago. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Cao LJ, Wang ZH, Gong YJ, Zhu L, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Low genetic diversity but strong population structure reflects multiple introductions of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) into China followed by human-mediated spread. Evol Appl 2017; 10:391-401. [PMID: 28352298 PMCID: PMC5367077 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical invasion scenarios based on observational records are usually incomplete and biased, but these can be supplemented by population genetic data. The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, invaded China in the last 13 years and has rapidly become one of the most serious pests in the country. To assess whether this invasion involved a single event or multiple events, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of WFT across 12 Chinese populations and a native US population based on mitochondrial DNA and/or 18 microsatellite loci. The average allelic richness and haplotype diversity in Chinese populations were significantly lower than in a population from its native range. The distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes suggested multiple independent invasions of WFT into China, including two invasions into the Beijing region. Based on microsatellite data, two distinct clusters were identified, with both of them splitting further into two clusters; in the Beijing region, the microsatellite data also provided evidence for two introductions. Both the absence of isolation by distance and the fact that distant populations were similar genetically suggest patterns of WFT movement linked to human activities. Our study therefore suggests multiple introductions of WFT into China and human-assisted spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
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13
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Collet M, Vayssade C, Auguste A, Mouton L, Desouhant E, Malausa T, Fauvergue X. Diploid male production correlates with genetic diversity in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens: a genetic approach with new microsatellite markers. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6721-6734. [PMID: 27777743 PMCID: PMC5058541 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination is ruled by haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, with haploid males arising from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. However, diploid males with null fitness are produced under complementary sex determination (CSD), when individuals are homozygous for this locus. Diploid males are expected to be more frequent in genetically eroded populations (such as islands and captive populations), as genetic diversity at the csd locus should be low. However, only a few studies have focused on the relation between population size, genetic diversity, and the proportion of diploid males in the field. Here, we developed new microsatellite markers in order to assess and compare genetic diversity and diploid male proportion (DMP) in populations from three distinct habitat types - mainland, island, or captive -, in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. Eroded genetic diversity and higher DMP were found in island and captive populations, and habitat type had large effect on genetic diversity. Therefore, DMP reflects the decreasing genetic diversity in small and isolated populations. Thus, Hymenopteran populations can be at high extinction risk due to habitat destruction or fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Collet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558CNRSUniversité Claude BernardUniversité de LyonF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Chloé Vayssade
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Alexandra Auguste
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Laurence Mouton
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558CNRSUniversité Claude BernardUniversité de LyonF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558CNRSUniversité Claude BernardUniversité de LyonF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Thibaut Malausa
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Xavier Fauvergue
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
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14
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Meta-analysis reveals asymmetric reduction in the genetic diversity of introduced populations of exotic insects. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chau LM, Hanna C, Jenkins LT, Kutner RE, Burns EA, Kremen C, Goodisman MAD. Population genetic structure of the predatory, social wasp Vespula pensylvanica in its native and invasive range. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5573-87. [PMID: 27069607 PMCID: PMC4813109 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species cause extensive damage to their introduced ranges. Ocean archipelagos are particularly vulnerable to invasive taxa. In this study, we used polymorphic microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure of the social wasp Vespula pensylvanica in its native range of North America and its introduced range in the archipelago of Hawaii. Our goal was to gain a better understanding of the invasion dynamics of social species and the processes affecting biological invasions. We found that V. pensylvanica showed no significant genetic isolation by distance and little genetic structure over a span of 2000 km in its native range. This result suggests that V. pensylvanica can successfully disperse across large distances either through natural- or human-mediated mechanisms. In contrast to the genetic patterns observed in the native range, we found substantial genetic structure in the invasive V. pensylvanica range in Hawaii. The strong patterns of genetic differentiation within and between the Hawaiian Islands may reflect the effects of geographic barriers and invasion history on gene flow. We also found some evidence for gene flow between the different islands of Hawaii which was likely mediated through human activity. Overall, this study provides insight on how geographic barriers, invasion history, and human activity can shape population genetic structure of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh M Chau
- School of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Cause Hanna
- Environmental Science and Resource Management California State University Camarillo California 93012
| | - Laurel T Jenkins
- School of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Rachel E Kutner
- School of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Elizabeth A Burns
- School of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Claire Kremen
- Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California Berkeley California 94720
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16
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Kozyra KB, Melosik I, Baraniak E. Genetic diversity and population structure of Polistes nimpha based on DNA microsatellite markers. INSECTES SOCIAUX 2015; 62:423-432. [PMID: 27034509 PMCID: PMC4768218 DOI: 10.1007/s00040-015-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Eurasiatic Polistes nimpha belongs to primitively eusocial wasps for which no data are available on its population's genetic structure and relatedness/relationships of individuals. The purpose of this research is to determine the amplification efficiency in P. nimpha of microsatellite primers developed for P. dominula and using these primers, to explore genetic diversity, population structure and relatedness/relationship of P. nimpha in the context of its reproductive options. Eight out of twelve microsatellite markers analyzed on 59 individuals (pupae and larvae) were polymorphic (mean PIC = 0.545) and mutated following the stepwise mutation model. The Bayesian clustering method gave the probability of >0.898 of there being 10 clusters within the pooled sample of 15 nests. In two or three nest clusters, full- and/or half-siblings and unrelated individuals occurred. A significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was detected. There are three main possibilities that come into play to explain our genetic results and direct field observations: cooperative nest foundation, visitations, and/or usurpation events. So far there is no conclusive evidence to exclude or support any of these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Kozyra
- />Department of Systematic Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska Str. 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - I. Melosik
- />Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska Str. 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - E. Baraniak
- />Department of Systematic Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska Str. 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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17
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de Boer JG, Groenen MAM, Pannebakker BA, Beukeboom LW, Kraus RHS. Population-level consequences of complementary sex determination in a solitary parasitoid. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:98. [PMID: 26025754 PMCID: PMC4461988 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex determination mechanisms are known to be evolutionarily labile but the factors driving transitions in sex determination mechanisms are poorly understood. All insects of the Hymenoptera are haplodiploid, with males normally developing from unfertilized haploid eggs. Under complementary sex determination (CSD), diploid males can be produced from fertilized eggs that are homozygous at the sex locus. Diploid males have near-zero fitness and thus represent a genetic load, which is especially severe under inbreeding. Here, we study mating structure and sex determination in the parasitoid Cotesia vestalis to investigate what may have driven the evolution of two complementary sex determination loci in this species. Results We genotyped Cotesia vestalis females collected from eight fields in four townships in Western Taiwan. 98 SNP markers were developed by aligning Illumina sequence reads of pooled DNA of eight different females against a de novo assembled genome of C. vestalis. This proved to be an efficient method for this non-model species and provides a resource for future use in related species. We found significant genetic differentiation within the sampled population but variation could not be attributed to sampling locations by AMOVA. Non-random mating was detected, with 8.1% of matings between siblings. Diploid males, detected by flow cytometry, were produced at a rate of 1.4% among diploids. Conclusions We think that the low rate of diploid male production is best explained by a CSD system with two independent sex loci, supporting laboratory findings on the same species. Fitness costs of diploid males in C. vestalis are high because diploid males can mate with females and produce infertile triploid offspring. This severe fitness cost of diploid males combined with non-random mating may have resulted in evolution from single locus CSD to CSD with two independent loci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0340-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetske G de Boer
- Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart A Pannebakker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo W Beukeboom
- Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert H S Kraus
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.
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18
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Bock DG, Caseys C, Cousens RD, Hahn MA, Heredia SM, Hübner S, Turner KG, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH. What we still don't know about invasion genetics. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2277-97. [PMID: 25474505 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Publication of The Genetics of Colonizing Species in 1965 launched the field of invasion genetics and highlighted the value of biological invasions as natural ecological and evolutionary experiments. Here, we review the past 50 years of invasion genetics to assess what we have learned and what we still don't know, focusing on the genetic changes associated with invasive lineages and the evolutionary processes driving these changes. We also suggest potential studies to address still-unanswered questions. We now know, for example, that rapid adaptation of invaders is common and generally not limited by genetic variation. On the other hand, and contrary to prevailing opinion 50 years ago, the balance of evidence indicates that population bottlenecks and genetic drift typically have negative effects on invasion success, despite their potential to increase additive genetic variation and the frequency of peak shifts. Numerous unknowns remain, such as the sources of genetic variation, the role of so-called expansion load and the relative importance of propagule pressure vs. genetic diversity for successful establishment. While many such unknowns can be resolved by genomic studies, other questions may require manipulative experiments in model organisms. Such studies complement classical reciprocal transplant and field-based selection experiments, which are needed to link trait variation with components of fitness and population growth rates. We conclude by discussing the potential for studies of invasion genetics to reveal the limits to evolution and to stimulate the development of practical strategies to either minimize or maximize evolutionary responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G Bock
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Room 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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