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Bolek MG, Detwiler JT, Stigge HA. Selected Wildlife Trematodes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:391-440. [PMID: 39008272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The trematodes are a species-rich group of parasites, with some estimates suggesting that there are more than 24,000 species. However, the complexities associated with their taxonomic status and nomenclature can hinder explorations of the biology of wildlife trematodes, including fundamental aspects such as host use, life cycle variation, pathology, and disease. In this chapter, we review work on selected trematodes of amphibians, birds, mammals, and their snail intermediate hosts, with the goal of providing a tool kit on how to study trematodes of wildlife. We provide a brief introduction to each group of wildlife trematodes, followed by some examples of the challenges each group of trematodes has relative to the goal of their identification and understanding of the biology and interactions these organisms have with their wildlife hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bolek
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Jillian T Detwiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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2
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Porto-Hannes I, Burlakova LE, Zanatta DT, Lasker HR. Boundaries and hybridization in a secondary contact zone between freshwater mussel species (Family:Unionidae). Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:955-973. [PMID: 33883699 PMCID: PMC8178349 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Correct species identification and delineation are crucial for effective conservation and management. However, species delineation can be problematic in the presence of morphological ambiguities due to phenotypic plasticity, convergence, and/or interspecific hybridization. Here, we investigated the degree of hybridization between two closely related freshwater mussel species [Bivalvia: Unionidae; Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes) and L. radiata (Gmelin)] that present intermediate forms in areas of sympatry. Unionids have a distinct form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance, termed doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) where female mtDNA (F-type) is transmitted to all progeny but male mtDNA (M-type) is mostly inherited by the males resulting in mostly homoplasmic females and heteroplasmic males. An individual was identified as hybrid when F-type and M-type mtDNA of the two different species were found in the same individual. Twelve out of 116 sequenced males were identified as hybrids indicating that these species hybridize where their geographic range overlaps in the lower Great Lakes and St. Lawrence basins. Microsatellite analyses further support the occurrence of hybridization but at a larger spatial scale than indicated by the mitochondrial analyses. We also found that strong within-species population genetic structure affects the detection of purebred individuals overestimating the number of hybrids. Given the large geographic scale and proportion of hybrids found in this study, natural hybridization and introgression need to be considered when implementing local biodiversity inventories, identifying waterbodies as source of organisms for relocation and restoration projects and when setting appropriate conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Porto-Hannes
- Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | | | - David T Zanatta
- Institute for Great Lakes Research, Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Howard R Lasker
- Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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3
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Population genetics and geometric morphometrics of the freshwater snail Segmentina nitida reveal cryptic sympatric species of conservation value in Europe. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSegmentina nitida Müller 1774 is a rare European freshwater snail of drainage ditches and marshland, which has seen a marked decrease in range (~ 80%) over the last 100 years in the UK. This has been attributed to over-dredging of drainage ditches for land management, conversion of grazing marshes to arable farmland, as well as eutrophication. Segmentina nitida is identified as a priority species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) that recommends further research to inform reintroduction and translocation for its conservation. We used nuclear markers (microsatellites and ITS2) and a mitochondrial (COI) marker to investigate population structure in S. nitida individuals sampled from Poland, Germany, Sweden, and the UK to identify differences within and between populations. Data based on 2D landmark-based geometric morphometrics of S. nitida shells was used to determine if phenotypic variation followed genetic differentiation. Two distinct genetic lineages of S. nitida were identified in ITS and COI phylogenies as well as cluster analysis of microsatellite markers, one of these lineages was present in eastern Europe (Poland, Sweden- Lineage 2), and one in western Europe (UK, Germany- Lineage 1), with lineages co-occurring in German populations. No genetic admixture was observed in German populations containing both lineages. These two lineages were also distinct in shape, with lineage 2 individuals having significantly wider shells and taller and wider apertures than those in Lineage 1. ~ 85% of shells assigned to the predicted lineage in a discriminant analysis of Procrustes shape coordinates. We infer that S. nitida includes at least one sympatric cryptic species. We discuss the implications of these findings on the conservation status of S. nitida in the UK and Europe.
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Slager DL, Epperly KL, Ha RR, Rohwer S, Wood C, Van Hemert C, Klicka J. Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:956-969. [PMID: 32034818 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most species and therefore most hybrid zones have historically been defined using phenotypic characters. However, both speciation and hybridization can occur with negligible morphological differentiation. Recently developed genomic tools provide the means to better understand cryptic speciation and hybridization. The Northwestern Crow (Corvus caurinus) and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are continuously distributed sister taxa that lack reliable traditional characters for identification. In this first population genomic study of Northwestern and American crows, we use genomic SNPs (nuDNA) and mtDNA to investigate the degree of genetic differentiation between these crows and the extent to which they may hybridize. Our results indicate that American and Northwestern crows have distinct evolutionary histories, supported by two nuDNA ancestry clusters and two 1.1%-divergent mtDNA clades dating to the late Pleistocene, when glacial advances may have isolated crow populations in separate refugia. We document extensive hybridization, with geographic overlap of mtDNA clades and admixture of nuDNA across >900 km of western Washington and western British Columbia. This broad hybrid zone consists of late-generation hybrids and backcrosses, but not recent (e.g., F1) hybrids. Nuclear DNA and mtDNA clines had concordant widths and were both centred in southwestern British Columbia, farther north than previously postulated. Overall, our results suggest a history of reticulate evolution in American and Northwestern crows, perhaps due to recurring neutral expansion(s) from Pleistocene glacial refugia followed by lineage fusion(s). However, we do not rule out a contributing role for more recent potential drivers of hybridization, such as expansion into human-modified habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Slager
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin L Epperly
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renee R Ha
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sievert Rohwer
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Wood
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - John Klicka
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Soldatenko EV, Petrov AA. Musculature of the penial complex: A new criterion in unravelling the phylogeny of Hygrophila (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). J Morphol 2019; 280:508-525. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Soldatenko
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Research; Smolensk State University; Smolensk Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Petrov
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Evolutionary Morphology, Universitetskaya nab. 1; Saint-Petersburg Russia
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6
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Selected Wildlife Trematodes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:321-355. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN, Gofarov MY, Kondakov AV, Vinarski MV, Bespalaya YV, Kolosova YS, Palatov DM, Sokolova SE, Spitsyn VM, Tomilova AA, Travina OV, Vikhrev IV. Species Richness, Molecular Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Radicine Pond Snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11199. [PMID: 30046044 PMCID: PMC6060155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The radicine pond snails represent a species-rich and widely distributed group, many species of which are key vectors of human and animal trematodoses. Here we clarify the taxonomy, distribution and evolutionary biogeography of the radicine lymnaeids in the Old World based on the most comprehensive multi-locus molecular dataset sampled to date. We show that the subfamily Amphipepleinae is monophyletic and contains at least ten genus-level clades: Radix Montfort, 1810, Ampullaceana Servain, 1881, Peregriana Servain, 1881, Tibetoradix Bolotov, Vinarski & Aksenova gen. nov., Kamtschaticana Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1984, Orientogalba Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1985, Cerasina Kobelt, 1881, Myxas G. B. Sowerby I, 1822, Bullastra Bergh, 1901, and Austropeplea Cotton, 1942. With respect to our phylogeny, species-delimitation model and morphological data, the Old World fauna includes 35 biological species of radicines. Tibet and Eastern Europe harbor the richest faunas, while East Asia and Africa appear to be the most species-poor areas. The radicine clade could have originated near the Cretaceous - Paleocene boundary. The Miocene great lakes in Eurasia seems to be the most important evolutionary hotspots shaping spatial patterns of recent species richness. Finally, we present the first DNA barcode reference library for the reliable molecular identification of species within this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Aksenova
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Ivan N Bolotov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Yu Gofarov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kondakov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | | | - Yulia V Bespalaya
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Yulia S Kolosova
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana E Sokolova
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Vitaly M Spitsyn
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alena A Tomilova
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Travina
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Ilya V Vikhrev
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
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8
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Aksenova O, Vinarski M, Bolotov I, Kondakov A, Bespalaya Y, Tomilova A, Paltser I, Gofarov M. Two Radix
spp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) endemic to thermal springs around Lake Baikal represent ecotypes of the widespread Radix auricularia. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Aksenova
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University; Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Maxim Vinarski
- Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg Russia
- Museum of Siberian Aquatic Molluscs; Omsk State Pedagogical University; Omsk Russia
| | - Ivan Bolotov
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University; Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Alexander Kondakov
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University; Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Yulia Bespalaya
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University; Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Alyona Tomilova
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University; Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Inga Paltser
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Mikhail Gofarov
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arkhangelsk Russia
- Northern Arctic Federal University; Arkhangelsk Russia
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9
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Hollander J, Ahlgren J, Brönmark C. Rates of gene flow in a freshwater snail and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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10
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Campbell DC, Clark SA, Lydeard C. Phylogenetic analysis of the Lancinae (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae) with a description of the U.S. federally endangered Banbury Springs lanx. Zookeys 2017:107-132. [PMID: 28769620 PMCID: PMC5523177 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.663.11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the patelliform snails of the subfamily Lancinae, endemic to northwestern North America, to test whether morphological variation correlated with genetic and anatomical differences. Molecular analyses using cox1, 16S, calmodulin intron, and 28S rDNA partial sequences and anatomical data supported recognition of four species in three genera. The relationships of lancines within Lymnaeidae are not yet well-resolved. The federally endangered Banbury Springs lanx is described as a new genus and species, Idaholanxfresti, confirming its distinctiveness and narrow endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Campbell
- Department of Natural Sciences, Gardner-Webb University, PO Box 7260, Boiling Springs, NC, 28017, USA
| | - Stephanie A Clark
- Invertebrate Identification, 6535 N Mozart St, Chicago, IL, 60645, USA.,Invertebrates, Gantz Family Collections Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Charles Lydeard
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Morehead State University, 103 Lappin Hall, Morehead, KY, 40351, USA
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11
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Schell T, Feldmeyer B, Schmidt H, Greshake B, Tills O, Truebano M, Rundle SD, Paule J, Ebersberger I, Pfenninger M. An annotated draft genome for Radix auricularia (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:2997437. [PMID: 28204581 PMCID: PMC5381561 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molluscs are the second most species-rich phylum in the animal kingdom, yet only 11 genomes of this group have been published so far. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the pulmonate freshwater snail Radix auricularia . Six whole genome shotgun libraries with different layouts were sequenced. The resulting assembly comprises 4,823 scaffolds with a cumulative length of 910 Mb and an overall read coverage of 72×. The assembly contains 94.6% of a metazoan core gene collection, indicating an almost complete coverage of the coding fraction. The discrepancy of ∼690 Mb compared with the estimated genome size of R. auricularia (1.6 Gb) results from a high repeat content of 70% mainly comprising DNA transposons. The annotation of 17,338 protein coding genes was supported by the use of publicly available transcriptome data. This draft will serve as starting point for further genomic and population genetic research in this scientifically important phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schell
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanno Schmidt
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bastian Greshake
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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von Saltzwedel H, Scheu S, Schaefer I. Genetic structure and distribution of Parisotoma notabilis (Collembola) in Europe: Cryptic diversity, split of lineages and colonization patterns. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170909. [PMID: 28170395 PMCID: PMC5295681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic and biome changes of the past million years influenced the population structure and genetic diversity of soil-living arthropods in Europe. However, their effects on the genetic structure of widespread and abundant soil animal species such as the Collembola Parisotoma notabilis remain virtually unknown. This generalist and parthenogenetic species is an early colonizer of disturbed habitats and often occurs in human modified environments. To investigate ancient climatic influence and recent distributions on the genetic structure of P. notabilis we analyzed populations on a pan-European scale using three genetic markers differing in substitution rates. The results showed that P. notabilis comprises several genetic lineages with distinct distribution ranges that diverged in the Miocene. Genetic distances of COI between lineages ranged between 15% and 18% and molecular clock estimates suggest Late Miocene divergences considering the standard arthropod rate of 2.3% per my. Compared to other soil-living arthropods like oribatid mites, European lineages of P. notabilis are rather young and genetically uniform. The close association with anthropogenic habitats presumably contributed to rapid spread in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge von Saltzwedel
- Georg August University Göttingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Georg August University Göttingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- Georg August University Göttingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Slender AL, Louter M, Gardner MG, Kleindorfer S. Plant community predicts the distribution and occurrence of thick-billed grasswren subspecies (Amytornis modestus) in a region of parapatry. AUST J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/zo17081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Habitat heterogeneity can have considerable effects on gene flow and migration across a region of parapatry. Describing habitat across a region of parapatry is important for the development of eco-evolutionary theory. Two subspecies of thick-billed grasswren (Amytornis modestus) share a region of parapatry between the South Australian salt lakes, Lake Eyre and Lake Torrens. While the two subspecies remain morphologically diverged outside the region of parapatry, it is not known what factors within the region of parapatry may affect migration and gene flow. In this study, we test associations between habitat differences and subspecies distributions and discuss whether ecological barriers could play a role in mitigating gene flow between the subspecies. We compare dominant plant species (1) between the allopatric ranges of the subspecies and within their region of parapatry, and (2) in relation to presence or absence of grasswrens within their region of parapatry. We found that the dominant plant species differed between grasswren subspecies in their allopatric range and in their region of parapatry, and also differed in the region of parapatry at sites with or without grasswrens. Specifically, grasswrens were absent in vegetation that is typical of sand dunes. These findings are discussed in light of evidence for secondary contact and hybridisation between A. m. indulkanna and A. m. raglessi, and susceptibility to introgression.
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14
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Feldmeyer B, Greshake B, Funke E, Ebersberger I, Pfenninger M. Positive selection in development and growth rate regulation genes involved in species divergence of the genus Radix. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:164. [PMID: 26281847 PMCID: PMC4539673 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Life history traits like developmental time, age and size at maturity are directly related to fitness in all organisms and play a major role in adaptive evolution and speciation processes. Comparative genomic or transcriptomic approaches to identify positively selected genes involved in species divergence can help to generate hypotheses on the driving forces behind speciation. Here we use a bottom-up approach to investigate this hypothesis by comparative analysis of orthologous transcripts of four closely related European Radix species. Results Snails of the genus Radix occupy species specific distribution ranges with distinct climatic niches, indicating a potential for natural selection driven speciation based on ecological niche differentiation. We then inferred phylogenetic relationships among the four Radix species based on whole mt-genomes plus 23 nuclear loci. Three different tests to infer selection and changes in amino acid properties yielded a total of 134 genes with signatures of positive selection. The majority of these genes belonged to the functional gene ontology categories “reproduction” and “genitalia” with an overrepresentation of the functions “development” and “growth rate”. Conclusions We show here that Radix species divergence may be primarily enforced by selection on life history traits such as (larval-) development and growth rate. We thus hypothesise that life history differences may confer advantages under the according climate regimes, e.g., species occupying warmer and dryer habitats might have a fitness advantage with fast developing susceptible life stages, which are more tolerant to habitat desiccation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0434-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Feldmeyer
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany. .,Evolutionary Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Müllerweg 6, Mainz, 55099, Germany.
| | - Bastian Greshake
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany. .,Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Maxvon-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Funke
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany.
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Maxvon-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany.
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15
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Lawton SP, Lim RM, Dukes JP, Kett SM, Cook RT, Walker AJ, Kirk RS. Unravelling the riddle of Radix: DNA barcoding for species identification of freshwater snail intermediate hosts of zoonotic digeneans and estimating their inter-population evolutionary relationships. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015. [PMID: 26196736 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Radix spp. are intermediate host snails for digenean parasites of medical and veterinary importance. Within this genus, species differentiation using shell and internal organ morphology can result in erroneous species identification, causing problems when trying to understand the population biology of Radix. In the present study, DNA barcoding, using cox1 and ITS2 sequences, identified populations of Radix auricularia and Radix balthica from specimens originally morphologically identified as Radix peregra from the UK. Assessment of cox1 and ITS2 as species identification markers showed that, although both markers differentiated species, cox1 possessed greater molecular diversity and higher phylogenetic resolution. Cox1 also proved useful for gaining insights into the evolutionary relationships of Radix species populations. Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks of cox1 indicated that R. auricularia appeared to have invaded the UK several times; some haplotypes forming a distinct UK specific clade, whilst others are more akin to those found on mainland Europe. This was in contrast to relationships between R. balthica populations, which had low molecular diversity and no distinct UK specific haplotypes, suggesting recent and multiple invasions from mainland Europe. Molecular techniques therefore appear to be crucial for distinguishing Radix spp., particularly using cox1. This barcoding marker also enables the population biology of Radix spp. to be explored, and is invaluable for monitoring the epidemiology of fluke diseases especially in the light of emerging diseases and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Lawton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Rivka M Lim
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Juliet P Dukes
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Stephen M Kett
- School of Life Sciences, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK.
| | - Richard T Cook
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Anthony J Walker
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Ruth S Kirk
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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