1
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Li B, Dopman EB, Dong Y, Yang Z. Forecasting habitat suitability and niche shifts of two global maize pests: Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38924623 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ostrinia furnacalis (ACB) and Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB) are devastating pests of the agricultural crop maize worldwide. However, little is known about their potential distribution and niche shifts during their global invasion. Since long-term selection to past climate variability has shaped their historical niche breadth, such niche shifts may provide an alternative basis for understanding their responses to present and future climate change. By integrating the niche unfilling, stability, and expansion situations into a single framework, our study quantifies the patterns of niche shift in the spatial distribution of these two pests during the different periods. RESULTS Our results show that the overall suitable habitats of ACB and ECB in the future decrease but highly and extremely suitable habitat will become more widespread, suggesting these two insects may occur more frequently in specific regions. Compared with Southeast Asia and Australia, the ACB niche in China exhibited expansion rather than unfilling. For ECB, initial niches have a tendency to be retained in Eurasia despite there also being potential for expansion in North America. The niche equivalency and similarity test results further indicate that niche shifts were common for both ACB and ECB in different survival regions during their colonization of new habitat and their suitable habitat changes during the paleoclimate were associated with climatic changes. CONCLUSIONS These findings improve our understanding of the ecological characteristics of ACB and ECB worldwide, and will be useful in the development of prevention and control strategies for two insect pests worldwide. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Yanling Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaofu Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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2
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Berdan EL, Barton NH, Butlin R, Charlesworth B, Faria R, Fragata I, Gilbert KJ, Jay P, Kapun M, Lotterhos KE, Mérot C, Durmaz Mitchell E, Pascual M, Peichel CL, Rafajlović M, Westram AM, Schaeffer SW, Johannesson K, Flatt T. How chromosomal inversions reorient the evolutionary process. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1761-1782. [PMID: 37942504 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Inversions are structural mutations that reverse the sequence of a chromosome segment and reduce the effective rate of recombination in the heterozygous state. They play a major role in adaptation, as well as in other evolutionary processes such as speciation. Although inversions have been studied since the 1920s, they remain difficult to investigate because the reduced recombination conferred by them strengthens the effects of drift and hitchhiking, which in turn can obscure signatures of selection. Nonetheless, numerous inversions have been found to be under selection. Given recent advances in population genetic theory and empirical study, here we review how different mechanisms of selection affect the evolution of inversions. A key difference between inversions and other mutations, such as single nucleotide variants, is that the fitness of an inversion may be affected by a larger number of frequently interacting processes. This considerably complicates the analysis of the causes underlying the evolution of inversions. We discuss the extent to which these mechanisms can be disentangled, and by which approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Berdan
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas H Barton
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Roger Butlin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Bioscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Brian Charlesworth
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Inês Fragata
- CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute/Animal Biology Department, cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Paul Jay
- Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Kapun
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katie E Lotterhos
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire Mérot
- UMR 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, OSUR, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Esra Durmaz Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics & Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marta Pascual
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine L Peichel
- Division of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anja M Westram
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Stephen W Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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3
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Enge S, Mérot C, Mozūraitis R, Apšegaitė V, Bernatchez L, Martens GA, Radžiutė S, Pavia H, Berdan EL. A supergene in seaweed flies modulates male traits and female perception. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231494. [PMID: 37817592 PMCID: PMC10565388 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Supergenes, tightly linked sets of alleles, offer some of the most spectacular examples of polymorphism persisting under long-term balancing selection. However, we still do not understand their evolution and persistence, especially in the face of accumulation of deleterious elements. Here, we show that an overdominant supergene in seaweed flies, Coelopa frigida, modulates male traits, potentially facilitating disassortative mating and promoting intraspecific polymorphism. Across two continents, the Cf-Inv(1) supergene strongly affected the composition of male cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) but only weakly affected CHC composition in females. Using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection, we show that females can sense male CHCs and that there may be differential perception between genotypes. Combining our phenotypic results with RNA-seq data, we show that candidate genes for CHC biosynthesis primarily show differential expression for Cf-Inv(1) in males but not females. Conversely, candidate genes for odorant detection were differentially expressed in both sexes but showed high levels of divergence between supergene haplotypes. We suggest that the reduced recombination between supergene haplotypes may have led to rapid divergence in mate preferences as well as increasing linkage between male traits, and overdominant loci. Together this probably helped to maintain the polymorphism despite deleterious effects in homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Enge
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Sweden
| | - Claire Mérot
- Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CNRS UMR 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, OSUR, Rennes, France
| | - Raimondas Mozūraitis
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Apšegaitė
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Gerrit A. Martens
- Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Radžiutė
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Sweden
| | - Emma L. Berdan
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Sweden
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4
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Zhang L, Chaturvedi S, Nice CC, Lucas LK, Gompert Z. Population genomic evidence of selection on structural variants in a natural hybrid zone. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1497-1514. [PMID: 35398939 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) can promote speciation by directly causing reproductive isolation or by suppressing recombination across large genomic regions. Whereas examples of each mechanism have been documented, systematic tests of the role of SVs in speciation are lacking. Here, we take advantage of long-read (Oxford nanopore) whole-genome sequencing and a hybrid zone between two Lycaeides butterfly taxa (L. melissa and Jackson Hole Lycaeides) to comprehensively evaluate genome-wide patterns of introgression for SVs and relate these patterns to hypotheses about speciation. We found >100,000 SVs segregating within or between the two hybridizing species. SVs and SNPs exhibited similar levels of genetic differentiation between species, with the exception of inversions, which were more differentiated. We detected credible variation in patterns of introgression among SV loci in the hybrid zone, with 562 of 1419 ancestry-informative SVs exhibiting genomic clines that deviated from null expectations based on genome-average ancestry. Overall, hybrids exhibited a directional shift towards Jackson Hole Lycaeides ancestry at SV loci, consistent with the hypothesis that these loci experienced more selection on average than SNP loci. Surprisingly, we found that deletions, rather than inversions, showed the highest skew towards excess ancestry from Jackson Hole Lycaeides. Excess Jackson Hole Lycaeides ancestry in hybrids was also especially pronounced for Z-linked SVs and inversions containing many genes. In conclusion, our results show that SVs are ubiquitous and suggest that SVs in general, but especially deletions, might disproportionately affect hybrid fitness and thus contribute to reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Samridhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Chris C Nice
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren K Lucas
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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5
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Schuldiner‐Harpaz T, Merrill RM, Jiggins CD. Evolution of physical linkage between loci controlling ecological traits and mating preferences. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1537-1547. [PMID: 36196988 PMCID: PMC9827829 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of multiple barriers to gene-flow, such as divergent local adaptation and reproductive isolation, facilitates speciation. However, alleles at loci that contribute to barrier effects can be dissociated by recombination. Models of linkage between diverging alleles often consider elements that reduce recombination, such as chromosomal inversions and alleles that modify recombination rate between existing loci. In contrast, here, we consider the evolution of linkage due to the close proximity of loci on the same chromosome. Examples of such physical linkage exist in several species, but in other cases, strong associations are maintained without physical linkage. We use an individual-based model to study the conditions under which the physical linkage between loci controlling ecological traits and mating preferences might be expected to evolve. We modelled a single locus controlling an ecological trait that acts also as a mating cue. Mating preferences are controlled by multiple loci, formed by mutations that are randomly placed in the "genome", within varying distances from the ecological trait locus, allowing us to examine which genomic architectures spread across the population. Our model reveals that stronger physical linkage is favoured when mating preferences and selection are weaker. Under such conditions mating among divergent phenotypes is more frequent, and matching ecological trait and mating preference alleles are more likely to become dissociated by recombination, favouring the evolution of genetic linkage. While most theoretical studies on clustering of divergent loci focus on how physical linkage influences speciation, we show how physical linkage itself can arise, establishing conditions that can favour speciation.
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6
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Kunerth HD, Bogdanowicz SM, Searle JB, Harrison RG, Coates BS, Kozak GM, Dopman EB. Consequences of coupled barriers to gene flow for the build-up of genomic differentiation. Evolution 2022; 76:985-1002. [PMID: 35304922 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that when different barriers to gene flow become coincident, their joint effects enhance reproductive isolation and genomic divergence beyond their individual effects, but empirical tests of this "coupling" hypothesis are rare. Here, we analyze patterns of gene exchange among populations of European corn borer moths that vary in the number of acting barriers, allowing for comparisons of genomic variation when barrier traits or loci are in coincident or independent states. We find that divergence is mainly restricted to barrier loci when populations differ by a single barrier, whereas the coincidence of temporal and behavioral barriers is associated with divergence of two chromosomes harboring barrier loci. Furthermore, differentiation at temporal barrier loci increases in the presence of behavioral divergence and differentiation at behavioral barrier loci increases in the presence of temporal divergence. Our results demonstrate how the joint action of coincident barrier effects leads to levels of genomic differentiation that far exceed those of single barriers acting alone, consistent with theory arguing that coupling allows indirect selection to combine with direct selection and thereby lead to a stronger overall barrier to gene flow. Thus, the state of barriers-independent or coupled-strongly influences the accumulation of genomic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry D Kunerth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Steven M Bogdanowicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Richard G Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Brad S Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, 50011
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, 02747, USA.,Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
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7
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Enos AN, Kozak GM. Elevated temperature increases reproductive investment in less preferred mates in the invasive European corn borer moth. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12064-12074. [PMID: 34522361 PMCID: PMC8427566 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly changing environments may weaken sexual selection and lead to indiscriminate mating by interfering with the reception of mating signals or by increasing the costs associated with mate choice. If temperature alters sexual selection, it may impact population response and adaptation to climate change. Here, we examine how differences in temperature of the mating environment influence reproductive investment in the European corn borer moth (Ostrinia nubilalis). Mate preference in this species is known to be related to pheromone usage, with assortative mating occurring between genetically distinct E and Z strains that differ in the composition of female and male pheromones. We compared egg production within and between corn borer lines derived from four different populations that vary in pheromone composition and other traits. Pairs of adults were placed in a mating environment that matched the pupal environment (ambient temperature) or at elevated temperature (5°C above the pupal environment). At ambient temperature, we found that within-line pairs produced eggs sooner and produced more egg clusters than between-line pairs. However, at elevated temperature, between-line pairs produced the same number of egg clusters as within-line pairs. These results suggest that elevated temperature increased investment in matings with typically less preferred, between-line mates. This increased investment could result in changes in gene flow among corn borer populations in warming environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle N. Enos
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts‐DartmouthDartmouthMassachusettsUSA
| | - Genevieve M. Kozak
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts‐DartmouthDartmouthMassachusettsUSA
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8
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Wang Y, Kim KS, Li Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Coates BS. Influence of voltine ecotype and geographic distance on genetic and haplotype variation in the Asian corn borer. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10244-10257. [PMID: 34367572 PMCID: PMC8328404 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause is an adaptive dormancy strategy by which arthropods endure extended periods of adverse climatic conditions. Seasonal variation in larval diapause initiation and duration in Ostrinia furnacalis may influence adult mating generation number (voltinism) across different local environments. The degree to which voltine ecotype, geographic distance, or other ecological factors influence O. furnacalis population genetic structure remains uncertain. Genetic differentiation was estimated between voltine ecotypes collected from 8 locations. Mitochondrial haplotypes were significantly different between historically allopatric univoltine and bivoltine locations, but confounded by a strong correlation with geographic distance. In contrast, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes show low but significant levels of variation and a lack of influence of geographic distance between allopatric voltine locations. Regardless, 11 of 257 SNP loci were predicted to be under selection, suggesting population genetic homogenization except at loci proximal to factors putatively under selection. These findings provide evidence of haplotype divergent voltine ecotypes that may be maintained in allopatric and sympatric areas despite relatively high rates of nuclear gene flow, yet influence of voltinism on maintenance of observed haplotype divergence remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhou Wang
- Northeast Agricultural Research Center of ChinaJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Kyung Seok Kim
- Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Qiyun Li
- Northeast Agricultural Research Center of ChinaJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Yunyue Zhang
- Northeast Agricultural Research Center of ChinaJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Zhen‐Ying Wang
- Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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9
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Li A, Wang J, Sun K, Wang S, Zhao X, Wang T, Xiong L, Xu W, Qiu L, Shang Y, Liu R, Wang S, Lu Y. Two reference-quality sea snake genomes reveal their divergent evolution of adaptive traits and venom systems. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4867-4883. [PMID: 34320652 PMCID: PMC8557462 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
True sea snakes (Hydrophiini) are among the last and most successful clades of vertebrates that show secondary marine adaptation, exhibiting diverse phenotypic traits and lethal venom systems. To better understand their evolution, we generated the first chromosome-level genomes of two representative Hydrophiini snakes, Hydrophis cyanocinctus and H. curtus. Through comparative genomics we identified a great expansion of the underwater olfaction-related V2R gene family, consisting of more than 1,000 copies in both snakes. A series of chromosome rearrangements and genomic structural variations were recognized, including large inversions longer than 30 megabase (Mb) on sex chromosomes which potentially affect key functional genes associated with differentiated phenotypes between the two species. By integrating multiomics we found a significant loss of the major weapon for elapid predation, three-finger toxin genes, which displayed a dosage effect in H. curtus. These genetic changes may imply mechanisms that drove the divergent evolution of adaptive traits including prey preferences between the two closely related snakes. Our reference-quality sea snake genomes also enrich the repositories for addressing important issues on the evolution of marine tetrapods, and provide a resource for discovering marine-derived biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kuo Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuocun Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tingfang Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Liyan Xiong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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10
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How Important Are Structural Variants for Speciation? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071084. [PMID: 34356100 PMCID: PMC8305853 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is a central issue in the study of speciation. Structural variants (SVs); that is, structural changes in DNA, including inversions, translocations, insertions, deletions, and duplications, are common in a broad range of organisms and have been hypothesized to play a central role in speciation. Recent advances in molecular and statistical methods have identified structural variants, especially inversions, underlying ecologically important traits; thus, suggesting these mutations contribute to adaptation. However, the contribution of structural variants to reproductive isolation between species—and the underlying mechanism by which structural variants most often contribute to speciation—remain unclear. Here, we review (i) different mechanisms by which structural variants can generate or maintain reproductive isolation; (ii) patterns expected with these different mechanisms; and (iii) relevant empirical examples of each. We also summarize the available sequencing and bioinformatic methods to detect structural variants. Lastly, we suggest empirical approaches and new research directions to help obtain a more complete assessment of the role of structural variants in speciation.
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11
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Unbehend M, Kozak GM, Koutroumpa F, Coates BS, Dekker T, Groot AT, Heckel DG, Dopman EB. bric à brac controls sex pheromone choice by male European corn borer moths. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2818. [PMID: 33990556 PMCID: PMC8121916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sex pheromone system of ~160,000 moth species acts as a powerful form of assortative mating whereby females attract conspecific males with a species-specific blend of volatile compounds. Understanding how female pheromone production and male preference coevolve to produce this diversity requires knowledge of the genes underlying change in both traits. In the European corn borer moth, pheromone blend variation is controlled by two alleles of an autosomal fatty-acyl reductase gene expressed in the female pheromone gland (pgFAR). Here we show that asymmetric male preference is controlled by cis-acting variation in a sex-linked transcription factor expressed in the developing male antenna, bric à brac (bab). A genome-wide association study of preference using pheromone-trapped males implicates variation in the 293 kb bab intron 1, rather than the coding sequence. Linkage disequilibrium between bab intron 1 and pgFAR further validates bab as the preference locus, and demonstrates that the two genes interact to contribute to assortative mating. Thus, lack of physical linkage is not a constraint for coevolutionary divergence of female pheromone production and male behavioral response genes, in contrast to what is often predicted by evolutionary theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Unbehend
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Fotini Koutroumpa
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XH, the Netherlands
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Versailles, Cedex, France
| | - Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XH, the Netherlands
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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12
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Dai P, Sun G, Jia Y, Pan Z, Tian Y, Peng Z, Li H, He S, Du X. Extensive haplotypes are associated with population differentiation and environmental adaptability in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:3273-3285. [PMID: 32844253 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Three extensive eco-haplotypes associated with population differentiation and environmental adaptability in Upland cotton were identified, with A06_85658585, A08_43734499 and A06_113104285 considered the eco-loci for environmental adaptability. Population divergence is suggested to be the primary force driving the evolution of environmental adaptability in various species. Chromosome inversion increases reproductive isolation between subspecies and accelerates population divergence to adapt to new environments. Although modern cultivated Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has spread worldwide, the noticeable phenotypic differences still existed among cultivars grown in different areas. In recent years, the long-distance migration of cotton cultivation areas throughout China has demanded that breeders better understand the genetic basis of environmental adaptability in Upland cotton. Here, we integrated the genotypes of 419 diverse accessions, long-term environment-associated variables (EAVs) and environment-associated traits (EATs) to evaluate subgroup differentiation and identify adaptive loci in Upland cotton. Two highly divergent genomic regions were found on chromosomes A06 and A08, which likely caused by extensive chromosome inversions. The subgroups could be geographically classified based on distinct haplotypes in the divergent regions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) also confirmed that loci located in these regions were significantly associated with environmental adaptability in Upland cotton. Our study first revealed the cause of population divergence in Upland cotton, as well as the consequences of variation in its environmental adaptability. These findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of environmental adaptability in Upland cotton, which could accelerate the development of molecular markers for adaptation to climate change in future cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Dai
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
- Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Gaofei Sun
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
- School of Computer Science & Information Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yingbing Tian
- Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongge Li
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shoupu He
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Fisher KE, Bradbury SP, Coates BS. Prediction of mitochondrial genome-wide variation through sequencing of mitochondrion-enriched extracts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19123. [PMID: 33154458 PMCID: PMC7645498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype variation is often applied for estimating population dynamics and phylogenetic relationships, economical and generalized methods for entire mtDNA genome enrichment prior to high-throughput sequencing are not readily available. This study demonstrates the utility of differential centrifugation to enrich for mitochondrion within cell extracts prior to DNA extraction, short-read sequencing, and assembly using exemplars from eight maternal lineages of the insect species, Ostrinia nubilalis. Compared to controls, enriched extracts showed a significant mean increase of 48.2- and 86.1-fold in mtDNA based on quantitative PCR, and proportion of subsequent short sequence reads that aligned to the O. nubilalis reference mitochondrial genome, respectively. Compared to the reference genome, our de novo assembled O. nubilalis mitochondrial genomes contained 82 intraspecific substitution and insertion/deletion mutations, and provided evidence for correction of mis-annotated 28 C-terminal residues within the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4. Comparison to a more recent O. nubilalis mtDNA assembly from unenriched short-read data analogously showed 77 variant sites. Twenty-eight variant positions, and a triplet ATT codon (Ile) insertion within ATP synthase subunit 8, were unique within our assemblies. This study provides a generalizable pipeline for whole mitochondrial genome sequence acquisition adaptable to applications across a range of taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Fisher
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Steven P Bradbury
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Brad S Coates
- Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Station, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Wadsworth CB, Okada Y, Dopman EB. Phenology-dependent cold exposure and thermal performance of Ostrinia nubilalis ecotypes. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 32138649 PMCID: PMC7059338 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding adaptation involves establishing connections between selective agents and beneficial population responses. However, relatively little attention has been paid to seasonal adaptation, in part, because it requires complex and integrative knowledge about seasonally fluctuating environmental factors, the effects of variable phenology on exposure to those factors, and evidence for temporal specialization. In the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis, sympatric pheromone strains exploit the same host plant (Zea mays) but may genetically differ in phenology and be reproductively “isolated by time.” Z strain populations in eastern North America have been shown to have a prolonged larval diapause and produce one annual mating flight (July), whereas E strain populations complete an earlier (June) and a later (August) mating flight by shortening diapause duration. Here, we find evidence consistent with seasonal “adaptation by time” between these ecotypes. Results We use 12 years of field observation of adult seasonal abundance to estimate phenology of ecotype life cycles and to quantify life-stage specific climatic conditions. We find that the observed reduction of diapause duration in the E strain leads their non-diapausing, active life stages to experience a ~ 4 °C colder environment compared to the equivalent life stages in the Z strain. For a representative pair of populations under controlled laboratory conditions, we compare life-stage specific cold tolerance and find non-diapausing, active life stages in the E strain have as much as a 60% greater capacity to survive rapid cold shock. Enhanced cold hardiness appears unrelated to life-stage specific changes in the temperature at which tissues freeze. Conclusions Our results suggest that isolation by time and adaptation by time may both contribute to population divergence, and they argue for expanded study in this species of allochronic populations in nature experiencing the full spectrum of seasonal environments. Cyclical selective pressures are inherent properties of seasonal habitats. Diverse fluctuating selective agents across each year (temperature, predation, competition, precipitation, etc.) may therefore be underappreciated drivers of biological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crista B Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. .,Current Affiliation: Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
| | - Yuta Okada
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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15
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Coates BS, Kozak GM, Seok Kim K, Sun J, Wang Y, Fleischer SJ, Dopman EB, Sappington TW. Influence of host plant, geography and pheromone strain on genomic differentiation in sympatric populations of Ostrinia nubilalis. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4439-4452. [PMID: 31495004 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of mating for the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moth depend in part on variation in sex-pheromone blend. The ratio of (E)-11- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11- and Z11-14:OAc) in the pheromone blend that females produce and males respond to differs between strains of O. nubilalis. Populations also vary in female oviposition preference for and larval performance on maize (C4) and nonmaize (C3) host plants. The relative contributions of sexual and ecological trait variation to the genetic structure of O. nubilalis remains unknown. Host-plant use (13 C/14 C ratios) and genetic differentiation were estimated among sympatric E and Z pheromone strain O. nubilalis males collected in sex-pheromone baited traps at 12 locations in Pennsylvania and New York between 2007 and 2010. Among genotypes at 65 single nucleotide polymorphism marker loci, variance at a position in the pheromone gland fatty acyl-reductase (pgfar) gene at the locus responsible for determining female pheromone ratio (Pher) explained 64% of the total genetic differentiation between males attracted to different pheromones (male response, Resp), providing evidence of sexual inter-selection at these unlinked loci. Principal coordinate, Bayesian clustering, and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) demonstrate that host plant history or geography does not significantly contribute to population variation or differentiation among males. In contrast, these analyses indicate that pheromone response and pgfar-defined strain contribute significantly to population genetic differentiation. This study suggests that behavioural divergence probably plays a larger role in driving genetic variation compared to host plant-defined ecological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Coates
- Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Seok Kim
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yangzhou Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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16
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Kozak GM, Wadsworth CB, Kahne SC, Bogdanowicz SM, Harrison RG, Coates BS, Dopman EB. Genomic Basis of Circannual Rhythm in the European Corn Borer Moth. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3501-3509.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Flagel LE, Blackman BK, Fishman L, Monnahan PJ, Sweigart A, Kelly JK. GOOGA: A platform to synthesize mapping experiments and identify genomic structural diversity. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006949. [PMID: 30986215 PMCID: PMC6483263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding genomic structural variation such as inversions and translocations is a key challenge in evolutionary genetics. We develop a novel statistical approach to comparative genetic mapping to detect large-scale structural mutations from low-level sequencing data. The procedure, called Genome Order Optimization by Genetic Algorithm (GOOGA), couples a Hidden Markov Model with a Genetic Algorithm to analyze data from genetic mapping populations. We demonstrate the method using both simulated data (calibrated from experiments on Drosophila melanogaster) and real data from five distinct crosses within the flowering plant genus Mimulus. Application of GOOGA to the Mimulus data corrects numerous errors (misplaced sequences) in the M. guttatus reference genome and confirms or detects eight large inversions polymorphic within the species complex. Finally, we show how this method can be applied in genomic scans to improve the accuracy and resolution of Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex E. Flagel
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LEF); (JKK)
| | - Benjamin K. Blackman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Lila Fishman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Monnahan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Andrea Sweigart
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - John K. Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LEF); (JKK)
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Hood GR, Zhang L, Hu EG, Ott JR, Egan SP. Cascading reproductive isolation: Plant phenology drives temporal isolation among populations of a host‐specific herbivore. Evolution 2019; 73:554-568. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Hood
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
- Department of Biological SciencesWayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
| | - Elaine G. Hu
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
| | - James R. Ott
- Population and Conservation Biology ProgramDepartment of BiologyTexas State University San Marcos Texas 78666
| | - Scott P. Egan
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
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20
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Eco-Evolutionary Genomics of Chromosomal Inversions. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:427-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Coates BS, Dopman EB, Wanner KW, Sappington TW. Genomic mechanisms of sympatric ecological and sexual divergence in a model agricultural pest, the European corn borer. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 26:50-56. [PMID: 29764660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, is a model species for elucidating mechanisms underlying adaptively differentiated subpopulations in the face of reciprocal gene flow, and is a major pest of cultivated maize in North America and Eurasia. Strains are characterized by different pheromone communication systems in combination with voltinism strains that are adapted to distinct local climate and photoperiod through adjustments in diapause traits. However, only partial barriers to inter-strain hybridization exist in areas of sympatry. Recent research shows that genes governing important strain-specific isolating traits are disproportionately located on the Z-chromosome. Furthermore, co-adapted combinations of some of these genes are non-recombining due to location within a large chromosomal inversion, and assist in maintaining strain integrity despite hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Tufts University, Department of Biology, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Kevin W Wanner
- Montana State University, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Thomas W Sappington
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States
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Non-Pleiotropic Coupling of Daily and Seasonal Temporal Isolation in the European Corn Borer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040180. [PMID: 29587435 PMCID: PMC5924522 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation often involves the coupling of multiple isolating barriers to produce reproductive isolation, but how coupling is generated among different premating barriers is unknown. We measure the degree of coupling between the daily mating time and seasonal mating time between strains of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and evaluate the hypothesis that the coupling of different forms of allochrony is due to a shared genetic architecture, involving genes with pleiotropic effects on both timing phenotypes. We measure differences in gene expression at peak mating times and compare these genes to previously identified candidates that are associated with changes in seasonal mating time between the corn borer strains. We find that the E strain, which mates earlier in the season, also mates 2.7 h earlier in the night than the Z strain. Earlier daily mating is correlated with the differences in expression of the circadian clock genes cycle, slimb, and vrille. However, different circadian clock genes associate with daily and seasonal timing, suggesting that the coupling of timing traits is maintained by natural selection rather than pleiotropy. Juvenile hormone gene expression was associated with both types of timing, suggesting that circadian genes activate common downstream modules that may impose constraint on future evolution of these traits.
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