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Wei S, Fan H, Zhou W, Huang G, Hua Y, Wu S, Wei X, Chen Y, Tan X, Wei F. Conservation genomics of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2540-y. [PMID: 38970727 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla, MP) has been extensively exploited and is now on the brink of extinction, but its population structure, evolutionary history, and adaptive potential are unclear. Here, we analyzed 94 genomes from three subspecies of the Chinese pangolin and identified three distinct genetic clusters (MPA, MPB, and MPC), with MPB further divided into MPB1 and MPB2 subpopulations. The divergence of these populations was driven by past climate change. For MPB2 and MPC, recent human activities have caused dramatic population decline and small population size as well as increased inbreeding, but not decrease in genomic variation and increase in genetic load probably due to strong gene flow; therefore, it is crucial to strengthen in situ habitat management for these two populations. By contrast, although human activities have a milder impact on MPA, it is at high risk of extinction due to long-term contraction and isolation, and genetic rescue is urgently needed. MPB1 exhibited a relatively healthy population status and can potentially serve as a source population. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the conservation of the Chinese pangolin and biogeography of the mammals of eastern Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Huizhong Fan
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenliang Zhou
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Guangping Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Shibao Wu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xinyue Tan
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Fuwen Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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2
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Cui J, Chen Y, Hines HM, Ma L, Yang W, Wang C, Liu S, Li H, Cai W, Da W, Williams P, Tian L. Does coevolution in refugia drive mimicry in bumble bees? Insights from a South Asian mimicry group. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2286. [PMID: 38865449 PMCID: PMC11168453 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Müllerian mimicry was proposed to be an example of a coevolved mutualism promoted by population isolation in glacial refugia. This, however, has not been well supported in butterfly models. Here, we use genomic data to test this theory while examining the population genetics behind mimetic diversification in a pair of co-mimetic bumble bees, Bombus breviceps Smith and Bombus trifasciatus Smith. In both lineages, populations were structured by geography but not as much by color pattern, suggesting sharing of color alleles across regions of restricted gene flow and formation of mimicry complexes in the absence of genetic differentiation. Demographic analyses showed mismatches between historical effective population size changes and glacial cycles, and niche modeling revealed only mild habitat retraction during glaciation. Moreover, mimetic subpopulations of the same color form in the two lineages only in some cases exhibit similar population history and genetic divergence. Therefore, the current study supports a more complex history in this comimicry than a simple refugium-coevolution model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Cui
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Heather M. Hines
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanhu Yang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wa Da
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, Tibet 850001, China
- Medog Biodiversity Observation and Research Station of Xizang Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
| | - Paul Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang Z, Wu X, Liu X, Zhang M, Xie C, Chen L. Phylogeographic Structure and Population Dynamics of Baoxing Osmanthus ( Osmanthus serrulatus), an Endemic Species from the Southwest Sichuan Basin, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1653. [PMID: 38931085 PMCID: PMC11207779 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The mountainous regions of southwest China are recognized as pivotal centers for the origin and evolution of Osmanthus species. Baoxing Osmanthus (Osmanthus serrulatus Rehder), a rare and endemic species known for its spring blooms, is sparsely distributed within the high altitude evergreen broad-leaved forests surrounding the southwestern Sichuan Basin. However, persistent anthropogenic disturbances and habitat fragmentation have precipitated a significant decline in its natural population size, leading to the erosion of genetic resources. To assess the genetic status of O. serrulatus and formulate effective conservation strategies, we conducted sampling across ten wild populations, totaling 148 individuals in their natural habitats. We employed two cpDNA fragments (matK and trnS-trnG) to elucidate the phylogeographic structure and historical population dynamics. The results revealed low species-level genetic diversity, alongside pronounced regional differentiation among populations (FST = 0.812, p < 0.05) and a notable phylogeographic structure (NST = 0.698 > GST = 0.396, p < 0.05). Notably, genetic variation was predominantly observed among populations (81.23%), with no evidence of recent demographic expansion across the O. serrulatus distribution range. Furthermore, divergence dating indicated a timeline of approximately 4.85 Mya, corresponding to the late Miocene to early Pleistocene. This temporal correlation coincided with localized uplift events in the southwestern mountains and heightened Asian monsoons, suggesting pivotal roles for these factors in shaping the current phylogeographic pattern of O. serrulatus. These findings support the effective conservation of O. serrulatus germplasm and offer insights into the impact of Quaternary climate oscillations on companion species within evergreen broad-leaved forests. They also enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of these forests in the southwestern mountains, aiding biodiversity conservation efforts in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibei Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.)
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.)
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.)
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.)
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunping Xie
- Tropical Biodiversity and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, China;
| | - Lin Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.)
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Li YR, Fritsch PW, Zhao GG, Cheng XJ, Ding ZL, Lu L. Population differentiation and dynamics of five pioneer species of Gaultheria from the secondary forests in subtropical China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:516. [PMID: 38851686 PMCID: PMC11161945 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of native secondary succession associated with anthropogenic disturbance on the biodiversity of the forests in subtropical China remains uncertain. In particular, the evolutionary response of small understory shrubs, particularly pioneer species inhabiting continuously disturbed habitats, to topographic heterogeneity and climate change is poorly understood. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by focusing on the Gaultheria crenulata group, a clade of small pioneer shrubs in subtropical China. RESULTS We examined the genetic structure and demographic history of all five species of the G. crenulata group with two maternally inherited chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments and two biparentally inherited low-copy nuclear genes (LCG) over 89 natural populations. We found that the genetic differentiation of this group was influenced by the geomorphological boundary between different regions of China in association with Quaternary climatic events. Despite low overall genetic diversity, we observed an isolation-by-distance (IBD) pattern at a regional scale, rather than isolation-by-environment (IBE), which was attributed to ongoing human disturbance in the region. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the genetic structure of the G. crenulata group reflects the interplay of geological topography, historical climates, and anthropogenic disturbance during the Pliocene-Pleistocene-Holocene periods in subtropical China. The observed IBD pattern, particularly prominent in western China, highlights the role of limited dispersal and gene flow, possibly influenced by physical barriers or decreased connectivity over geographic distance. Furthermore, the east-to-west trend of gene flow, potentially facilitated by the East Asian monsoon system, underscores the complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors shaping the genetic dynamics of pioneer species in subtropical China's secondary forests. These findings can be used to assess the impact of environmental changes on the adaptation and persistence of biodiversity in subtropical forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Peter W Fritsch
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76017, USA
| | - Gui-Gang Zhao
- Genome Center of Biodiversity, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao-Li Ding
- Genome Center of Biodiversity, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Fu S, Chen X, Wang K, Chen J, Zhou J, Yi W, Lyu M, Ye Z, Bu W. Shared phylogeographic patterns and environmental responses of co-distributed soybean pests: Insights from comparative phylogeographic studies of Riptortus pedestris and Riptortus linearis in the subtropics of East Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108055. [PMID: 38485106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Comparative phylogeographic studies of closely related species sharing co-distribution areas can elucidate the role of shared historical factors and environmental changes in shaping their phylogeographic pattern. The bean bugs, Riptortus pedestris and Riptortus linearis, which both inhabit subtropical regions in East Asia, are recognized as highly destructive soybean pests. Many previous studies have investigated the biological characteristics, pheromones, chemicals and control mechanisms of these two pests, but few studies have explored their phylogeographic patterns and underlying factors. In this study, we generated a double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) dataset to investigate phylogeographic patterns and construct ecological niche models (ENM) for both Riptortus species. Our findings revealed similar niche occupancies and population genetic structures between the two species, with each comprising two phylogeographic lineages (i.e., the mainland China and the Indochina Peninsula clades) that diverged approximately 0.1 and 0.3 million years ago, respectively. This divergence likely resulted from the combined effects of temperatures variation and geographical barriers in the mountainous regions of Southwest China. Further demographic history and ENM analyses suggested that both pests underwent rapid expansion prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Furthermore, ENM predicts a northward shift of both pests into new soybean-producing regions due to global warming. Our study indicated that co-distribution soybean pests with overlapping ecological niches and similar life histories in subtropical regions of East Asia exhibit congruent phylogeographic and demographic patterns in response to shared historical biogeographic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou, China(2)
| | - Kaibin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juhong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenbo Yi
- Department of Biology, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China(2)
| | - Minhua Lyu
- Nanchang University, Affiliated Hospital 1, Jiangxi, China(2)
| | - Zhen Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wenjun Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Tarkhnishvili D, Seropian A, Erhardt C, Kachlishvili N, Krammer H, Hein N. How dispersal rates depend on the prey capture strategy: A case study of Georgia's spiders. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11372. [PMID: 38742184 PMCID: PMC11089273 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale barcoding projects help to aggregate information on genetic variability of multiple species throughout their ranges. Comparing DNA sequences of both non-conspecific and conspecific individuals from distant parts of their ranges helps to compare level of genetic isolation-by-distance patterns in different species and adaptive types. We compared mitochondrial CO1 gene sequences of 223 spiders from Georgia (Caucasus), representing 124 species and eight families, with 3097 homological sequences from spiders mostly from Europe, but also from other parts of the World. In most families, a significant isolation-by distance pattern was observed on family level. On species level, a significant isolation-by-distance was observed in 40 species, although this low proportion is most likely related to a lack of data. Simultaneously, remarkable differences in spatial structure were shown for different species. Although the majority of the studied species have a broad western Palearctic range, web-building spiders from families Araneidae, Theridiidae, and Linyphiidae are less isolated spatially than flower spiders (Thomisidae), jumping spiders (Salticidae), wolf spiders (Lycosidae), sac spiders (Clubionidae), and ground spiders (Gnaphosidae). This pattern is related with more common ballooning in web building than in actively hunting spiders, which commonly remain isolated since preglacial time. Ground spiders build the most isolated populations in the Caucasus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Erhardt
- LIB – Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Biodiversity CenterZoological Research Museum Alexander KoenigBonnGermany
| | | | - Hans‐Joachim Krammer
- LIB – Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Biodiversity CenterZoological Research Museum Alexander KoenigBonnGermany
| | - Nils Hein
- LIB – Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Biodiversity CenterZoological Research Museum Alexander KoenigBonnGermany
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Tian L, Xu R, Chen D, Ananjeva NB, Brown RM, Min MS, Cai B, Mijidsuren B, Zhang B, Guo X. Range-Wide Phylogeography and Ecological Niche Modeling Provide Insights into the Evolutionary History of the Mongolian Racerunner ( Eremias argus) in Northeast Asia. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1124. [PMID: 38612363 PMCID: PMC11011046 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian racerunner, Eremias argus, is a small lizard endemic to Northeast Asia that can serve as an excellent model for investigating how geography and past climate change have jointly influenced the evolution of biodiversity in this region. To elucidate the processes underlying its diversification and demography, we reconstructed the range-wide phylogeographic pattern and evolutionary trajectory, using phylogenetic, population genetic, landscape genetic, Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction and ecological niche modeling approaches. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA cyt b gene revealed eight lineages that were unbounded by geographic region. The genetic structure of E. argus was mainly determined by geographic distance. Divergence dating indicated that E. argus and E. brenchleyi diverged during the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period. E. argus was estimated to have coalesced at~0.4351 Ma (Marine Isotope Stage 19). Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion analysis revealed out-of-Inner Mongolia and rapid colonization events from the end of the Last Interglacial to the Last Glacial Maximum, which is consistent with the expanded suitable range of the Last Glacial Maximum. Pre-Last Glacial Maximum growth of population is presented for most lineages of E. argus. The Glacial Maximum contraction model and the previous multiple glacial refugia hypotheses are rejected. This may be due to an increase in the amount of climatically favorable habitats in Northeast Asia. Furthermore, E. argus barbouri most likely represents an invalid taxon. The present study is the first to report a range-wide phylogeography of reptiles over such a large region in Northeast Asia. Our results make a significant contribution towards understanding the biogeography of the entire Northeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Natalia B. Ananjeva
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Biodiversity Institute, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Mi-Sook Min
- Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
| | - Byambasuren Mijidsuren
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 210153, Mongolia;
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China;
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
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Ualiyeva D, Liu J, Dujsebayeva T, Li J, Tian L, Cai B, Zeng X, Guo X. Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama ( Phrynocephalus melanurus) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:209. [PMID: 38254378 PMCID: PMC10812424 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The agamid lizard Phrynocephalus melanurus is restricted to Northwest China (Dzungar Basin) and the adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan (Zaisan and Alakol basins). To elucidate the phylogeography of P. melanurus, we obtained the mitochondrial DNA COI segments of 175 sampled lizards from 44 localities across the whole distribution. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two main Clades comprising five geographically structured lineages (I, IIa, IIb1, IIb2, and IIb3) that fit an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. The divergence from the most recent common ancestor was dated to ~1.87 million years ago (Ma). Demographic analyses demonstrated lineage-specific response to past climate change: stable population for Clade I, Subclade IIb1; past population expansion for IIb3 since 0.18 Ma, respectively. Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion analyses detected initial spreading at the Saur Mount vicinity, approximately 1.8 Ma. Historical species distribution model (SDM) projected expansion of the suitable habitat in the last interglacial and shift and contraction in the last glacial maximum and Holocene epochs. The SDM predicted a drastic reduction in suitable area throughout the range as a response to future climate change. Our findings suggest that the evolution of P. melanurus followed a parapatric divergence with subsequent dispersal and adaptation to cold and dry environments during the Quaternary. Overall, this work improves our understanding of the lineage diversification and population dynamics of P. melanurus, providing further insights into the evolutionary processes that occurred in Northwest China and adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Ualiyeva
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Herpetology, Institute of Zoology CS MES RK, 93 al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Tatjana Dujsebayeva
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Herpetology, Institute of Zoology CS MES RK, 93 al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
| | - Lili Tian
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Xiaomao Zeng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
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