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Rafique M, Solberg OG, Gullestad L, Bendz B, Murbræch K, Nytrøen K, Rolid K, Lunde K. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiac remodelling, function and coronary microcirculation in de novo heart transplant patients: a substudy of the HITTS randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001331. [PMID: 37440977 PMCID: PMC10335410 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives High-intensity interval training (HIT) improves peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in de novo heart transplant (HTx) recipients. It remains unclear whether this improvement early after HTx is solely dependent on peripheral adaptations, or due to a linked chain of central and peripheral adaptations. The objective of this study was to determine whether HIT results in structural and functional adaptations in the cardiovascular system. Methods Eighty-one de novo HTx recipients were randomly assigned to participate in either 9 months of supervised HIT or standard care exercise-based rehabilitation. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiogram and the coronary microcirculation with the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) at baseline and 12 months after HTx. Results Cardiac function as assessed by global longitudinal strain was significantly better in the HIT group than in the standard care group (16.3±1.2% vs 15.6±2.2%, respectively, treatment effect = -1.1% (95% CI -2.0% to -0.2%), p=0.02), as was the end-diastolic volume (128.5±20.8 mL vs 123.4±15.5 mL, respectively, treatment effect=4.9 mL (95% CI 0.5 to 9.2 mL), p=0.03). There was a non-significant tendency for IMR to indicate improved microcirculatory function (13.8±8.0 vs 16.8±12.0, respectively, treatment effect = -4.3 (95% CI -9.1 to 0.6), p=0.08). Conclusion When initiated early after HTx, HIT leads to both structural and functional cardiovascular adaptations. Trial registration number NCT01796379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Rafique
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Geir Solberg
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bendz
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Murbræch
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Nytrøen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Rolid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ketil Lunde
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Picone DS, Kodithuwakku V, Mayer CC, Chapman N, Rehman S, Climie RE. Sex differences in pressure and flow waveform physiology across the life course. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2373-2384. [PMID: 36093877 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has long been deemed a disease of old men. However, in 2019 CVD accounted for 35% of all deaths in women and, therefore, remains the leading cause of death in both men and women. There is increasing evidence to show that risk factors, pathophysiology and health outcomes related to CVD differ in women compared with men, yet CVD in women remains understudied, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Differences exist between the sexes in relation to the structure of the heart and vasculature, which translate into differences in blood pressure and flow waveform physiology. These physiological differences between women and men may represent an important explanatory factor contributing to the sex disparity in CVD presentation and outcomes but remain understudied. In this review we aim to describe sex differences in arterial pressure and flow waveform physiology and explore how they may contribute to differences in CVD in women compared to men. Given that unfavourable alterations in the cardiovascular structure and function can start as early as in utero, we report sex differences in waveform physiology across the entire life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean S Picone
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Christopher C Mayer
- Medical Signal Analysis, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niamh Chapman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rachel E Climie
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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3
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Merkus D, Muller-Delp J, Heaps CL. Coronary microvascular adaptations distal to epicardial artery stenosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2351-H2370. [PMID: 33961506 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00992.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, epicardial coronary stenosis has been considered the primary outcome of coronary heart disease, and clinical interventions have been dedicated primarily to the identification and removal of flow-limiting stenoses. However, a growing body of literature indicates that both epicardial stenosis and microvascular dysfunction contribute to damaging myocardial ischemia. In this review, we discuss the coexistence of macro- and microvascular disease, and how the structure and function of the distal microcirculation is impacted by the hemodynamic consequences of an epicardial, flow-limiting stenosis. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction as well as alterations of smooth muscle function in the coronary microcirculation distal to stenosis are discussed. Risk factors including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and aging exacerbate microvascular dysfunction in the myocardium distal to a stenosis, and our current understanding of the role of these factors in limiting collateralization and angiogenesis of the ischemic myocardium is presented. Importantly, exercise training has been shown to promote collateral growth and improve microvascular function distal to stenosis; thus, the current literature reporting the mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise training in the microcirculation distal to epicardial stenosis is reviewed. We also discuss recent studies of therapeutic interventions designed to improve microvascular function and stimulate angiogenesis in clinically relevant animal models of epicardial stenosis and microvascular disease. Finally, microvascular adaptation to removal of epicardial stenosis is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Merkus
- Institute for Surgical Research, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), University Clinic, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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4
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Kingma JG, Laher I. Effect of endothelin on sex-dependent regulation of tone in coronary resistance vessels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:56-60. [PMID: 33445111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sex dependent differences in coronary artery vasoregulation may be due to variations in responses to endogenous vasoactive compounds including endothelin (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO). METHODS Septal coronary arteries (<200 μm) from healthy, sexually mature male, female and ovariectomized (i.e. surgical menopause) Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Myogenic tone, measured by pressure myography, was initially determined for all vessel segments studied before and after exposure to the nonselective ETA/ETB receptor blocker, bosentan (1 μM). Vasoconstrictor responses (vascular endothelium intact) to cumulative ET-1 (10-12 - 10-9 M) were assessed in a separate set of septal coronary vessels. Additional studies, examined the vasoconstrictor effects of ET-1 after NO blockade with L-NAME (200 μM). RESULTS Myogenic tone was 26 ± 7% in male, 20 ± 7% in female (p = 0.04 versus male) and 24 ± 3% in ovariectomized (p = NS versus male/female) vessels. Antagonism of ET-1 receptors produced a greater reduction in myogenic tone in male, compared to female rats over a similar range of intraluminal pressure (20-80 mmHg). Robust constrictor responses to cumulative concentrations of ET-1 were observed in all vessels; however, male rats exhibited greater sensitivity to vasoconstrictor effects of ET-1. After exposure to L-NAME vessel responses to ET-1 were normalized in male and female (not studied in ovariectomized) groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm marked sex differences for myogenic tone and vessel constrictor responses to ET-1 in coronary resistance vessels. Results also suggest greater sensitivity to vasoconstrictor effects of ET-1 in male coronary resistance vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Kingma
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, Ave de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Qc G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Ismail Laher
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, 217 - 2176 Health, Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. V6T 1Z3, Canada
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5
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Perrino C, Ferdinandy P, Bøtker HE, Brundel BJJM, Collins P, Davidson SM, den Ruijter HM, Engel FB, Gerdts E, Girao H, Gyöngyösi M, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Madonna R, Marber M, Murphy E, Pesce M, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Sluijter JPG, Steffens S, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Van Laake LW, Van Linthout S, Schulz R, Ytrehus K. Improving translational research in sex-specific effects of comorbidities and risk factors in ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection: position paper and recommendations of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:367-385. [PMID: 32484892 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Hajnoczy str. 6., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hans E Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 161, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1108 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Collins
- Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Gerdts
- Department for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, PO Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, and Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3 7935 Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, 6410 Fannin St #1014, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS Via Parea, 4, I-20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Berlin Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, partner site Berlin, Geschäftsstelle Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany.,University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zürich, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr.35, A - 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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6
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Kelm NQ, Beare JE, Weber GJ, LeBlanc AJ. Thrombospondin-1 mediates Drp-1 signaling following ischemia reperfusion in the aging heart. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:304-314. [PMID: 32395703 PMCID: PMC7211039 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury leads to activation of dynamin-related protein (Drp-1), causing mitochondrial fission and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the molecular mechanisms that activate Drp-1 are not known. The purpose of this study was to establish a link between Thbs-1 and fission protein (Drp-1) through Pgc-1α following IR in advancing age. METHODS Female Fischer-344 rats were divided into four groups: Young Control, Young + IR, Old Control, and Old + IR. Heart function and coronary flow were evaluated at baseline and 72 hours after IR, hearts were explanted and mitochondrial ROS generation was measured using MitoPY1, as well as protein levels of Thbs-1, Pgc-1α, and Drp-1. In vitro, rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) were treated with siRNA or plasmid for Pgc-1α to evaluate Pgc-1α effect on Drp-1. RESULTS Mitochondrial ROS generation in heart tissue increased in both age groups following IR. Old animals exhibited diastolic dysfunction at baseline; after IR they displayed reduced systolic function and exacerbated diastolic dysfunction compared to young controls. IR increased Thbs-1 and Drp-1 expression in young and old hearts compared to control. siRNA to Pgc-1α enhanced levels of Drp-1 in RAECs and increased ROS generation after hypoxia, while Pgc-1α plasmid ameliorates Drp-1 expression in the presence of exogenous Thbs-1. CONCLUSION These results highlight a novel signaling pathway by which Thbs-1 regulates mitochondrial fission protein (Drp-1) and ROS generation during hypoxia, and presumably, following IR. Inhibiting Thbs-1 immediately after IR may prevent Drp-1-mediated mitochondrial fission and is likely to improve the diastolic function of the heart by reducing ROS-mediated cardiomyocyte damage in the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Q. Kelm
- Cardiovascular Innovation InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jason E. Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | | | - Amanda J. LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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7
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Kelm NQ, Beare JE, Yuan F, George M, Shofner CM, Keller BB, Hoying JB, LeBlanc AJ. Adipose-derived cells improve left ventricular diastolic function and increase microvascular perfusion in advanced age. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202934. [PMID: 30142193 PMCID: PMC6108481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An early manifestation of coronary artery disease in advanced age is the development of microvascular dysfunction leading to deficits in diastolic function. Our lab has previously shown that epicardial treatment with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) preserves microvascular function following coronary ischemia in a young rodent model. Follow-up studies showed intravenous (i.v.) delivery of SVF allows the cells to migrate to the walls of small vessels and reset vasomotor tone. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that the i.v. cell injection of SVF would reverse the coronary microvascular dysfunction associated with aging in a rodent model. Fischer 344 rats were divided into 4 groups: young control (YC), old control (OC), old + rat aortic endothelial cells (O+EC) and old + GFP+ SVF cells (O+SVF). After four weeks, cardiac function and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were measured via echocardiography, and hearts were explanted either for histology or isolation of coronary arterioles for vessel reactivity studies. In a subgroup of animals, microspheres were injected during resting and dobutamine-stimulated conditions to measure coronary blood flow. GFP+ SVF cells engrafted and persisted in the myocardium and coronary vasculature four weeks following i.v. injection. Echocardiography showed age-related diastolic dysfunction without accompanying systolic dysfunction; diastolic function was improved in old rats after SVF treatment. Ultrasound and microsphere data both showed increased stimulated coronary blood flow in O+SVF rats compared to OC and O+EC, while isolated vessel reactivity was mostly unchanged. I.v.-injected SVF cells were capable of incorporating into the vasculature of the aging heart and are shown in this study to improve CFR and diastolic function in a model of advanced age. Importantly, SVF injection did not lead to arrhythmias or increased mortality in aged rats. SVF cells provide an autologous cell therapy option for treatment of microvascular and cardiac dysfunction in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Q. Kelm
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Fangping Yuan
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Monika George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Shofner
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - James B. Hoying
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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8
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Kellermair J, Kiblboeck D, Blessberger H, Kammler J, Reiter C, Steinwender C. Reversible impairment of coronary flow reserve in acute myocarditis. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12491. [PMID: 30027659 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myocarditis is accompanied by an impaired coronary microcirculation. These microcirculatory disturbances are not well defined, and data are derived from complex invasive measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inflammation-induced microcirculatory dysfunction including its reversibility and association with markers of inflammation severity (extent of LGE on CMR imaging and laboratory markers of myocardial necrosis) using the noninvasive technique of echocardiographic CFR measurement. METHODS Patients (n = 14) with clinically suspected acute myocarditis in the absence of coronary artery disease were prospectively enrolled, and echocardiographic CFR was determined by measuring peak diastolic coronary blood flow velocity at rest (PDV1) and under adenosine-induced hyperemia (PDV2) at baseline and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Eight of 14 (57.1%) patients showed an impaired baseline CFR (PDV2/PDV1 < 2). These patients were characterized by higher levels of cardiac troponin T (0.55 ± 0.39 vs 0.18 ± 0.08; P = 0.008) and larger areas of LGE on CMR. At 3-month follow-up, CFR was normal in all patients. CONCLUSION A reversibly impaired coronary microcirculation is a frequent finding in acute myocarditis and is associated with markers of inflammation severity. Echocardiographic CFR measurement represents a feasible and safe method for its assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Kellermair
- Institute of Cardiovascular-metabolic Research (ICMR), Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe.,Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe
| | - Daniel Kiblboeck
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- Institute of Cardiovascular-metabolic Research (ICMR), Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe.,Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe
| | - Juergen Kammler
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe.,Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, Europe
| | - Christian Reiter
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe
| | - Clemens Steinwender
- Institute of Cardiovascular-metabolic Research (ICMR), Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe.,Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, Europe.,Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, Europe
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9
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Siques P, Brito J, Pena E. Reactive Oxygen Species and Pulmonary Vasculature During Hypobaric Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:865. [PMID: 30050455 PMCID: PMC6052911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of people are living or working at high altitudes (hypobaric hypoxia) and therefore suffering several physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes. Pulmonary vasculature is one of the main and first responses to hypoxia. These responses imply hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), remodeling, and eventually pulmonary hypertension (PH). These events occur according to the type and extension of the exposure. There is also increasing evidence that these changes in the pulmonary vascular bed could be mainly attributed to a homeostatic imbalance as a result of increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increase in ROS production during hypobaric hypoxia has been attributed to an enhanced activity and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase), though there is some dispute about which subunit is involved. This enzymatic complex may be directly induced by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). ROS has been found to be related to several pathways, cells, enzymes, and molecules in hypoxic pulmonary vasculature responses, from HPV to inflammation, and structural changes, such as remodeling and, ultimately, PH. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive review of the current evidence on the role of ROS in the development of pulmonary vasculature changes under hypoxic conditions, with a focus on hypobaric hypoxia. This review provides information supporting the role of oxidative stress (mainly ROS) in the pulmonary vasculature’s responses under hypobaric hypoxia and depicting possible future therapeutics or research targets. NADPH oxidase-produced oxidative stress is highlighted as a major source of ROS. Moreover, new molecules, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine, and critical inflammatory cells as fibroblasts, could be also involved. Several controversies remain regarding the role of ROS and the mechanisms involved in hypoxic responses that need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
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Nieto-Lima B, Cano-Martínez A, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Pérez-Torres I, Guarner-Lans V. Age-, Gender-, and in Vivo Different Doses of Isoproterenol Modify in Vitro Aortic Vasoreactivity and Circulating VCAM-1. Front Physiol 2018; 9:20. [PMID: 29416512 PMCID: PMC5787582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Different human-like cardiomyopathies associated to β-adrenergic stimulation are experimentally modeled in animals through variations in dose, route, and duration of administration of different cardiotoxic drugs. However, associated changes in the vasculature and their relation to systemic inflammation, and the influence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors (gender and age) upon them are seldom analyzed. Here we studied the effect of age and gender on the vasoreactivity of aortas from mice subjected to in vivo repeated β-adrenergic stimulation with different doses of isoproterenol (ISO) in association with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Young (2 months) and old (18 months) male and female mice received 0 (control), 5, 40, 80 or 160 μg/g/d of ISO (7 days, s.c.). IL-1α, IL-4 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were quantified in plasma. In vitro, norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were measured in aortas. No differences in contraction, relaxation, IL-1α, and IL-4 were found between control young males and females. Age decreased contraction in males and relaxation was lower in females and abolished in males. VCAM-1 was higher in young males than in females and increased in old mice. Vasoconstriction in ISO-treated mice results as a bell-shaped curve on contraction in young and old males, with lower values in the latter. In females, ISO-160 increased contraction in young females but decreased it in old females. Vasorelaxation was reduced in ISO-treated young males and females. ISO-80 and 160 reduced vasorelaxation in old females, and intermediate doses relaxed aortas from old males. VCAM-1 was higher in young and old males with ISO-80 and 160; while VCAM-1 was higher only with ISO-160 in old females. Our results demonstrate that repeated β-adrenergic stimulation modifies vascular reactivity depending on gender, age, and dose. Females were less sensitive to alterations in vasoreactivity, and young females required a higher amount of the adrenergic stimuli than old females to show vascular alterations. Changes were independent of IL-1α and IL-4. VCAM-1 only changed in old females stimulated with ISO 160. Our results highlight the relevance of considering and comparing in the same study females and aged organisms to improve the accuracy of applications to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betzabé Nieto-Lima
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Huxley VH, Kemp SS. Sex-Specific Characteristics of the Microcirculation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:307-328. [PMID: 30051393 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The requirements of metabolizing tissue are both continuous and variable; accordingly, the microvasculature serving that tissue must be similarly dynamic. Just as it is recognized that males and females of the same species have differing metabolic requirements, is it not likely that the microvasculature serving these tissues will differ by sex? This section focusing on the constituents of the microcirculation identifies what is known presently about the role sex plays in matching metabolic demand with microvascular function and areas requiring additional study. Many of the identified sex differences are subtle and easily ignored. In the aggregate, though, they can profoundly alter phenotype, especially under stressful conditions including pregnancy, exercise, and disease states ranging from diabetes to heart failure. Although the features presently identified to "have sex" range from differences in growth, morphology, protein expression, and intracellular signaling, males and females alike achieve homeostasis, likely by different means. Studies of microvascular sexual dimorphism are also identifying age as an independent but interacting factor requiring additional attention. Overall, attempting to ignore either sex and/or age is inappropriate and will prevent the design and implementation of appropriate interventions to present, ameliorate, or correct microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia H Huxley
- Center for Gender Physiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Center for Gender Physiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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12
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Muller-Delp JM, Hotta K, Chen B, Behnke BJ, Maraj JJ, Delp MD, Lucero TR, Bramy JA, Alarcon DB, Morgan HE, Cowan MR, Haynes AD. Effects of age and exercise training on coronary microvascular smooth muscle phenotype and function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:140-149. [PMID: 29025901 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00459.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular function and blood flow responses during acute exercise are impaired in the aged heart but can be restored by exercise training. Coronary microvascular resistance is directly dependent on vascular smooth muscle function in coronary resistance arterioles; therefore, we hypothesized that age impairs contractile function and alters the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle in coronary arterioles. We further hypothesized that exercise training restores contractile function and reverses age-induced phenotypic alterations of arteriolar smooth muscle. Young and old Fischer 344 rats underwent 10 wk of treadmill exercise training or remained sedentary. At the end of training or cage confinement, contractile responses, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and expression of contractile proteins were assessed in isolated coronary arterioles. Both receptor- and non-receptor-mediated contractile function were impaired in coronary arterioles from aged rats. Vascular smooth muscle shifted from a differentiated, contractile phenotype to a secretory phenotype with associated proliferation of smooth muscle in the arteriolar wall. Expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 1 (SM1) was decreased in arterioles from aged rats, whereas expression of phospho-histone H3 and of the synthetic protein ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) were increased. Exercise training improved contractile responses, reduced smooth muscle proliferation and expression of rpS6, and increased expression of SM1 in arterioles from old rats. Thus age-induced contractile dysfunction of coronary arterioles and emergence of a secretory smooth muscle phenotype may contribute to impaired coronary blood flow responses, but arteriolar contractile responsiveness and a younger smooth muscle phenotype can be restored with late-life exercise training. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging impairs contractile function of coronary arterioles and induces a shift of the vascular smooth muscle toward a proliferative, noncontractile phenotype. Late-life exercise training reverses contractile dysfunction of coronary arterioles and restores a young phenotype to the vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy M Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Kazuki Hotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology and Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Joshua J Maraj
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael D Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Tiffani R Lucero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Jeremy A Bramy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - David B Alarcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Hannah E Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Morgan R Cowan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Anthony D Haynes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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13
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Hotta K, Chen B, Behnke BJ, Ghosh P, Stabley JN, Bramy JA, Sepulveda JL, Delp MD, Muller-Delp JM. Exercise training reverses age-induced diastolic dysfunction and restores coronary microvascular function. J Physiol 2017; 595:3703-3719. [PMID: 28295341 PMCID: PMC5471361 DOI: 10.1113/jp274172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In a rat model of ageing that is free of atherosclerosis or hypertension, E/A, a diagnostic measure of diastolic filling, decreases, and isovolumic relaxation time increases, indicating that both active and passive ventricular relaxation are impaired with advancing age. Resting coronary blood flow and coronary functional hyperaemia are reduced with age, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation declines with age in coronary resistance arterioles. Exercise training reverses age-induced declines in diastolic and coronary microvascular function. Thus, microvascular dysfunction and inadequate coronary perfusion are likely mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in aged rats. Exercise training, initiated at an advanced age, reverses age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction; these data suggest that late-life exercise training can be implemented to improve coronary perfusion and diastolic function in the elderly. ABSTRACT The risk for diastolic dysfunction increases with advancing age. Regular exercise training ameliorates age-related diastolic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. We investigated whether (1) microvascular dysfunction contributes to the development of age-related diastolic dysfunction, and (2) initiation of late-life exercise training reverses age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction. Young and old rats underwent 10 weeks of exercise training or remained as sedentary, cage-controls. Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), early diastolic filling (E/A), myocardial performance index (MPI) and aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity; PWV) were evaluated before and after exercise training or cage confinement. Coronary blood flow and vasodilatory responses of coronary arterioles were evaluated in all groups at the end of training. In aged sedentary rats, compared to young sedentary rats, a 42% increase in IVRT, a 64% decrease in E/A, and increased aortic stiffness (PWV: 6.36 ± 0.47 vs.4.89 ± 0.41, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05) was accompanied by impaired coronary blood flow at rest and during exercise. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was impaired in coronary arterioles from aged rats (maximal relaxation to bradykinin: 56.4 ± 5.1% vs. 75.3 ± 5.2%, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05). After exercise training, IVRT, a measure of active ventricular relaxation, did not differ between old and young rats. In old rats, exercise training reversed the reduction in E/A, reduced aortic stiffness, and eliminated impairment of coronary blood flow responses and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Thus, age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction are reversed by late-life exercise training. The restorative effect of exercise training on coronary microvascular function may result from improved endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology & Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Payal Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - John N Stabley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy A Bramy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jaime L Sepulveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael D Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Judy M Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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14
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Ivic I, Vamos Z, Cseplo P, Koller A. From Newborn to Senescence Morphological and Functional Remodeling Leads to Increased Contractile Capacity of Arteries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:481-488. [PMID: 27190209 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces substantial morphological and functional changes in vessels. We hypothesized that due to morphological remodeling the total contractile forces of arteries increase, especially in older age as a function of age. Mean arterial blood pressure of rats and morphological and functional characteristics of isolated carotid arteries rats, from newborn to senescent, were assessed. The arterial blood pressure of rats increased significantly from 0.25 to the age of 6 months, and then it reached a level, which was maintained until age of 30 months. Wall lumen and wall thickness increased with age, mostly due to media (smooth muscle) thickening, whereas wall tension gradually reduced with age. Contractions of arteries to nonreceptor-mediated vasomotor agent (KCl, 60mM) increased in three consecutive age groups, whereas contractility first increased (until 2 months), then it did not change further with aging. Norepinephrine-induced contractions initially increased in young age and then did not change further in older age. These findings suggest that during normal aging due to remodeling of arterial wall (smooth muscle) the contractile capacity of arteries increases, which seems to be independent from systemic blood pressure. Thus, arterial remodeling can favor the development of increased circulatory resistance in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivic
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, and Szentagothai Res Center.,Department of Anatomy, Medical School, and
| | - Zoltan Vamos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Peter Cseplo
- Department of Central Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Petz Aladar County Teaching Hospital, Gyor, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla
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15
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Effects of age and caloric restriction in the vascular response of renal arteries to endothelin-1 in rats. Exp Gerontol 2016; 88:32-41. [PMID: 28039024 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular alterations are the most prevalent cause of impaired physiological function in aged individuals with kidney being one the most affected organs. Aging-induced alterations in renal circulation are associated with a decrease in endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide (NO) and with an increase in contracting factors such as endothelin-1(ET-1). As caloric restriction (CR) exerts beneficial effects preventing some of the aging-induced alterations in cardiovascular system, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of age and caloric restriction in the vascular response of renal arteries to ET-1 in aged rats. Vascular function was studied in renal arteries from 3-month-old Wistar rats fed ad libitum (3m) and in renal arteries from 8-and 24-month-old Wistar rats fed ad libitum (8m and 24m), or subjected to 20% caloric restriction during their three last months of life (8m-CR and 24m-CR). The contractile response to ET-1 was increased in renal arteries from 8m and 24m compared to 3m rats. ET-1-induced contraction was mediated by ET-A receptors in all experimental groups and also by ET-B receptors in 24m rats. Caloric restriction attenuated the increased contraction to ET-1 in renal arteries from 8m but not from 24m rats possibly through NO release proceeding from ET-B endothelial receptors. In 24m rats, CR did not attenuate the aging-increased response of renal arteries to ET-1, but it prevented the aging-induced increase in iNOS mRNA levels and the aging-induced decrease in eNOS mRNA levels in arterial tissue. In conclusion, aging is associated with an increased response to ET-1 in renal arteries that is prevented by CR in 8m but not in 24m rats.
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16
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LeBlanc AJ. Myocardial Protection: The Science and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Ischemic Injury. THE JOURNAL OF EXTRA-CORPOREAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 48:P2-P8. [PMID: 27578902 PMCID: PMC5001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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17
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Gillis EE, Sasser JM, Sullivan JC. Endothelin, sex, and pregnancy: unique considerations for blood pressure control in females. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R691-6. [PMID: 26936781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00427.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor, and dysregulation of the endothelin (ET) system has been implicated in the development of hypertension. Sex differences in the ET system have been identified in ET receptor expression and activation, levels of ET-1, and downstream mediators of the ET system. More specifically, males have greater ET-1/ETA receptor activation, whereas females exhibit greater ETB receptor activation. These differences have been suggested to contribute to the sex differences observed in blood pressure control, with greater ETB receptor activation in females potentially acting as an important pathway contributing to the lower prevalence of hypertension in young females compared with age-matched males. This hypothesis is further supported by studies in pregnancy; the role of the ET system is enhanced during pregnancy, with dysregulation of the ET system resulting in preeclampsia. Further research is necessary to elucidate the relative roles of the ET system in blood pressure control in both sexes and to further explore the potential benefits of pharmacological ET blockade in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Gillis
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Jennifer M Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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18
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LeBlanc AJ, Hoying JB. Adaptation of the Coronary Microcirculation in Aging. Microcirculation 2016; 23:157-67. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Innovation Institute; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - James B. Hoying
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Innovation Institute; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky USA
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19
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Mueller KB, Bender SB, Hong K, Yang Y, Aronovitz M, Jaisser F, Hill MA, Jaffe IZ. Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptors Differentially Contribute to Coronary and Mesenteric Vascular Function Without Modulating Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2015; 66:988-97. [PMID: 26351033 PMCID: PMC4600033 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arteriolar vasoreactivity tightly regulates tissue-specific blood flow and contributes to systemic blood pressure (BP) but becomes dysfunctional in the setting of cardiovascular disease. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is known to regulate BP via the kidney and by vasoconstriction in smooth muscle cells. Although endothelial cells (EC) express MR, the contribution of EC-MR to BP and resistance vessel function remains unclear. To address this, we created a mouse with MR specifically deleted from EC (EC-MR knockout [EC-MR-KO]) but with intact leukocyte MR expression and normal renal MR function. Telemetric BP studies reveal no difference between male EC-MR-KO mice and MR-intact littermates in systolic, diastolic, circadian, or salt-sensitive BP or in the hypertensive responses to aldosterone±salt or angiotensin II±l-nitroarginine methyl ester. Vessel myography demonstrated normal vasorelaxation in mesenteric and coronary arterioles from EC-MR-KO mice. After exposure to angiotensin II-induced hypertension, impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation was prevented in EC-MR-KO mice in mesenteric vessels but not in coronary vessels. Mesenteric vessels from angiotensin II-exposed EC-MR-KO mice showed increased maximum responsiveness to acetylcholine when compared with MR-intact vessels, a difference that is lost with indomethacin+l-nitroarginine methyl ester pretreatment. These data support that EC-MR plays a role in regulating endothelial function in hypertension. Although there was no effect of EC-MR deletion on mesenteric vasoconstriction, coronary arterioles from EC-MR-KO mice showed decreased constriction to endothelin-1 and thromboxane agonist at baseline and also after exposure to hypertension. These data support that EC-MR participates in regulation of vasomotor function in a vascular bed-specific manner that is also modulated by risk factors, such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelee Barrett Mueller
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Shawn B Bender
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Yan Yang
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.).
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20
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Morris ME, Beare JE, Reed RM, Dale JR, LeBlanc AJ, Kaufman CL, Zheng H, Ng CK, Williams SK, Hoying JB. Systemically delivered adipose stromal vascular fraction cells disseminate to peripheral artery walls and reduce vasomotor tone through a CD11b+ cell-dependent mechanism. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:369-80. [PMID: 25722428 PMCID: PMC4367510 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactivity, an important aspect of tissue healing, is often compromised in disease and tissue injury. Dysfunction in the smaller vasoactive arteries is most impactful, given the role of these vessels in controlling downstream tissue perfusion. The adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a mix of homeostatic cells shown to promote tissue healing. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that autologous SVF cells therapeutically modulate peripheral artery vasoactivity in syngeneic mouse models of small artery function. Analysis of vasoactivity of saphenous arteries isolated from normal mice 1 week after intravenous injection of freshly isolated SVF cells revealed that pressure-dependent artery vasomotor tone was decreased by the SVF cell isolate, but not one depleted of CD11b(+) cells. Scavenging hydrogen peroxide in the vessel wall abrogated the artery relaxation promoted by the SVF cell isolate. Consistent with a CD11b(+) cell being the relevant cell type, SVF-derived F4/80-positive macrophages were present within the adventitia of the artery wall coincident with vasorelaxation. In a model of artery inflammation mimicking a common disease condition inducing vasoactive dysfunction, the SVF cells potentiated relaxation of saphenous arteries without structurally remodeling the artery via a CD11b(+) cell-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that freshly isolated, adipose SVF cells promote vasomotor relaxation in vasoactive arteries via a hydrogen peroxide-dependent mechanism that required CD11b(+) cells (most likely macrophages). Given the significant impact of small artery dysfunction in disease, we predict that the intravenous delivery of this therapeutic cell preparation would significantly improve tissue perfusion, particularly in diseases with diffuse vascular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin E Morris
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert M Reed
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jacob R Dale
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina L Kaufman
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Huaiyu Zheng
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chin K Ng
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stuart K Williams
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - James B Hoying
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Hanna MA, Taylor CR, Chen B, La HS, Maraj JJ, Kilar CR, Behnke BJ, Delp MD, Muller-Delp JM. Structural remodeling of coronary resistance arteries: effects of age and exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:616-23. [PMID: 25059239 PMCID: PMC4157167 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01296.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is known to induce remodeling and stiffening of large-conduit arteries; however, little is known of the effects of age on remodeling and mechanical properties of coronary resistance arteries. We employed a rat model of aging to investigate whether 1) age increases wall thickness and stiffness of coronary resistance arteries, and 2) exercise training reverses putative age-induced increases in wall thickness and stiffness of coronary resistance arteries. Young (4 mo) and old (21 mo) Fischer 344 rats remained sedentary or underwent 10 wk of treadmill exercise training. Coronary resistance arteries were isolated for determination of wall-to-lumen ratio, effective elastic modulus, and active and passive responses to changes in intraluminal pressure. Elastin and collagen content of the vascular wall were assessed histologically. Wall-to-lumen ratio increased with age, but this increase was reversed by exercise training. In contrast, age reduced stiffness, and exercise training increased stiffness in coronary resistance arteries from old rats. Myogenic responsiveness was reduced with age and restored by exercise training. Collagen-to-elastin ratio (C/E) of the wall did not change with age and was reduced with exercise training in arteries from old rats. Thus age induces hypertrophic remodeling of the vessel wall and reduces the stiffness and myogenic function of coronary resistance arteries. Exercise training reduces wall-to-lumen ratio, increases wall stiffness, and restores myogenic function in aged coronary resistance arteries. The restorative effect of exercise training on myogenic function of coronary resistance arteries may be due to both changes in vascular smooth muscle phenotype and expression of extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina A Hanna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Curtis R Taylor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hae-Sun La
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua J Maraj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Cody R Kilar
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael D Delp
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Judy M Muller-Delp
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;
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