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Zhang S, Li M, Qiu Y, Wu J, Xu X, Ma Q, Zheng Z, Lu G, Deng Z, Huang H. Enhanced VEGF secretion and blood-brain barrier disruption: Radiation-mediated inhibition of astrocyte autophagy via PI3K-AKT pathway activation. Glia 2024; 72:568-587. [PMID: 38009296 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the recognized pathological basis of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI), a side effect of head and neck cancer treatments. There is currently a lack of therapeutic approaches for RBI due to the ambiguity of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is essential to identify these mechanisms in order to prevent RBI or provide early interventions. One crucial factor contributing to BBB disruption is the radiation-induced activation of astrocytes and oversecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistically, the PI3K-AKT pathway can inhibit cellular autophagy, leading to pathological cell aggregation. Moreover, it acts as an upstream pathway of VEGF. In this study, we observed the upregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in irradiated cultured astrocytes through bioinformatics analysis, we then validated these findings in animal brains and in vitro astrocytes following radiation exposure. Additionally, we also found the inhibition of autophagy and the oversecretion of VEGF in irradiated astrocytes. By inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway or promoting cellular autophagy, we observed a significant amelioration of the inhibitory effect on autophagy, leading to reductions in VEGF oversecretion and BBB disruption. In conclusion, our study suggests that radiation can inhibit autophagy and promote VEGF oversecretion by upregulating the PI3K-AKT pathway in astrocytes. Blocking the PI3K pathway can alleviate both of these effects, thereby mitigating damage to the BBB in patients undergoing radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingping Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhezhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Schumacher S, Tahiri H, Ezan P, Rouach N, Witschas K, Leybaert L. Inhibiting astrocyte connexin-43 hemichannels blocks radiation-induced vesicular VEGF-A release and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Glia 2024; 72:34-50. [PMID: 37670489 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic brain irradiation with ionizing radiation exerts multiple side effects including barrier leakage that disturbs glial-neuronal functioning and may affect cognition. Astrocytes contribute to barrier leakage by endfeet release of various vasoactive substances acting on capillary endothelial cells forming the barrier. Here, we investigated X-ray effects on astrocytic vesicular transport in mice and determined whether interfering with astrocyte connexins affects radiation-induced barrier leakage. We found that astrocytic VEGF-A-loaded VAMP3 vesicles drastically reorganize starting from 6 h post-irradiation and move in a calcium- and Cx43-dependent manner towards endfeet where VEGF-A is released, provoking barrier leakage. Vesicular transport activation, VEGF-A release and leakage 24 h post-irradiation were all potently inhibited by astrocytic Cx43 KO, Cx43S255/262/279/282A (MK4) mutant mice and TATGap19 inhibition of Cx43 hemichannel opening. Astrocyte VEGF release is a major player in complications of brain irradiation, which can be mitigated by anti-VEGF treatments. Targeting Cx43 hemichannels allows to prevent astrocyte VEGF release at an early stage after brain irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Schumacher
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanane Tahiri
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Ezan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Katja Witschas
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wu Q, Fang Y, Huang X, Zheng F, Ma S, Zhang X, Han T, Gao H, Shen B. Role of Orai3-Mediated Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Radiation-Induced Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076818. [PMID: 37047790 PMCID: PMC10095176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury is a serious complication with complex pathogenesis that may accompany radiotherapy of head and neck tumors. Although studies have shown that calcium (Ca2+) signaling may be involved in the occurrence and development of radiation-induced brain injury, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays to verify our previous finding using next-generation sequencing that the mRNA and protein expression levels of Orai3 in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) increased after X-ray irradiation. We next explored the role of Orai3 and Orai3-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in radiation-induced brain injury. Primary cultured rBMECs derived from wild-type and Orai3 knockout (Orai3(-/-)) Sprague-Dawley rats were used for in vitro experiments. Orai3-mediated SOCE was significantly increased in rBMECs after X-ray irradiation. However, X-ray irradiation-induced SOCE increase was markedly reduced in Orai3 knockout rBMECs, and the percentage of BTP2 (a nonselective inhibitor of Orai channels)-inhibited SOCE was significantly decreased in Orai3 knockout rBMECs. Functional studies indicated that X-ray irradiation decreased rBMEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation (a model for assessing angiogenesis) but increased rBMEC apoptosis, all of which were ameliorated by BTP2. In addition, occurrences of all four functional deficits were suppressed in X-ray irradiation-exposed rBMECs derived from Orai3(-/-) rats. Cerebrovascular damage caused by whole-brain X-ray irradiation was much less in Orai3(-/-) rats than in wild-type rats. These findings provide evidence that Orai3-mediated SOCE plays an important role in radiation-induced rBMEC damage and brain injury and suggest that Orai3 may warrant development as a potential therapeutic target for reducing or preventing radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shaobo Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xinchen Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huiwen Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Following Conventional Photon Radiotherapy - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Preclinical Studies. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 35:44-55. [PMID: 35601799 PMCID: PMC9117815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a cornerstone treatment strategy for brain tumours. Besides cytotoxicity, RT can cause disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in an increased permeability into the surrounding brain parenchyma. Although this effect is generally acknowledged, it remains unclear how and to what extent different radiation schemes affect BBB integrity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of photon RT regimens on BBB permeability, including its reversibility, in clinical and preclinical studies. We systematically reviewed relevant clinical and preclinical literature in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane search engines. A total of 69 included studies (20 clinical, 49 preclinical) were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by meta-analysis and evaluated on key determinants of RT-induced BBB permeability in different disease types and RT protocols. Qualitative data synthesis showed that 35% of the included clinical studies reported BBB disruption following RT, whereas 30% were inconclusive. Interestingly, no compelling differences were observed between studies with different calculated biological effective doses based on the fractionation schemes and cumulative doses; however, increased BBB disruption was noted during patient follow-up after treatment. Qualitative analysis of preclinical studies showed RT BBB disruption in 78% of the included studies, which was significantly confirmed by meta-analysis (p < 0.01). Of note, a high risk of bias, publication bias and a high heterogeneity across the studies was observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis sheds light on the impact of RT protocols on BBB integrity and opens the discussion for integrating this factor in the decision-making process of future RT, with better study of its occurrence and influence on concomitant or adjuvant therapies.
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Xu F, Wang Y, Gao H, Zhang X, Hu Y, Han T, Shen B, Zhang L, Wu Q. X-Ray Causes mRNA Transcripts Change to Enhance Orai2-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx in Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:646730. [PMID: 34595206 PMCID: PMC8477418 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.646730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced brain injury is a serious and treatment-limiting complication of brain radiation therapy. Although endothelial cell dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of this pathogenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Methods: Primary cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were divided into five groups without or with exposure of x-rays delivered at 5 Gy or 20 Gy. For the irradiated groups, cells were continued to cultivate for 12 or 24 h after being irradiated. Then the mRNA libraries of each group were established and applied for next-generation sequencing. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to analyze the sequencing results. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, cck8 assay and intracellular calcium concentration assays were conducted to analyze the role of Orai2-associated SOCE in x-ray induced cellular injury. Results: In total, 3,005 transcripts in all the four x-ray-exposed groups of BMECs showed expression level changes compared with controls. With the dose of x-ray augment and the following cultured time extension, the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased significantly in BMECs. Venn diagrams identified 40 DEGs common to all four exposure groups. Functional pathway enrichment analyses indicated that those 40 DEGs were enriched in the calcium signaling pathway. Among those 40 DEGs, mRNA and protein expression levels of Orai2 were significantly upregulated for 24 h. Similarly, calcium influx via store-operated calcium entry, which is modulated by Orai2, was also significantly increased for 24 h in x-ray-exposed BMECs. Moreover, the change in SOCE was suppressed by btp-2, which is a non-selective inhibitor of Orai. Additionally, x-ray exposure induced a significant decrease of proliferation in BMECs in the dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for molecular mechanisms underlying BMECs dysfunction in development of radiation-induced brain injury and suggest new approaches for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huiwen Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinchen Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lesha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qibing Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Ren Y, Wang SB, Zhou L, Liu SQ, Du LY, Li T, Jiang MQ, Lei KJ, Tan BX, Jia YM. Continuous Low-Dose Apatinib Combined With WBRT Significantly Reduces Peritumoral Edema and Enhances the Efficacy of Symptomatic Multiple Brain Metastases in NSCLC. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211011968. [PMID: 33955301 PMCID: PMC8111549 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211011968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic multiple brain metastases with peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) occur in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) who are without driver mutations or are resistant to epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TKI) are often associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) which comes with many complications and unsatisfactory effects, is the only option for the treatment. Previous studies have shown that bevacizumab can reduce the volume of PTBE and improve efficiency of radiotherapy. This study evaluated the effects and safety of apatinib combined with WBRT in NSCLC patients with symptomatic multiple brain metastases and PTBE. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 34 patients with symptomatic multiple brain metastases from NSCLC (number >4, and at least 1 measurable brain metastasis lesion with cerebral edema). Intracranial objective response rate (IORR), peritumoral edema and intracranial tumor volumetric measurement, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Median intracranial progression-free survival (mIPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were also analyzed. RESULTS Thirteen cases received apatinib (125 mg or 250 mg, QD, oral) combined with WBRT and 21 cases received chemotherapy combined with WBRT were inclued. Apatinib combination group can better reduce the volume of intracranial tumors and PTBE and total steroid dosage used. It was associated with a better IORR (84.6% vs 47.6%, P = 0.067), longer mIPFS (6.97 vs 4.77months; P = 0.014). There was no significant difference in mOS(7.70 vs 6.67 months; P = 0.14) between the 2 groups. The most common adverse events of apatinib combination WBRT included grade 1/2 nausea (4/13), fatigue (3/13), hypertension (2/13) and white blood cell decrease (2/13). No grade 3/4 AEs were observed. CONCLUSION Apatinib plus WBRT is well tolerated and may be a potential choice for relapsed or drug-resistant advanced NSCLC patients with symptomatic multiple brain metastases and PTBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- 74655North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan-Bing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- West China Hospital, 34753Sichuan University, Cheng du, China
| | - Si-Qiao Liu
- 12599University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei-Ya Du
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao-Qiong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai-Jian Lei
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Bang-Xian Tan
- 74655North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Jia
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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Zhou G, Xu Y, He B, Ma R, Wang Y, Chang Y, Xie Y, Wu L, Huang J, Xiao Z. Ionizing radiation modulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression through STAT3 signaling pathway in rat neonatal primary astrocyte cultures. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01529. [PMID: 32106359 PMCID: PMC7177558 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) usually occurs six months to three years after irradiation, often shows cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, and other neurological dysfunction. In severe cases, it can cause a wide range of cerebral edema, even herniation. It seriously threatens the survival of patients and their quality of life, and it becomes a key factor in limiting the radiation dose and lowering the therapeutic efficacy in recent years. Therefore, studying the pathogenesis of RBI and exploring new therapeutic targets are of great significance. METHODS In our study, we observed the activation and secretory function in astrocytes as well as the intracellular signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal transduction pathway activation status after exposing different doses of X-ray irradiation by using MTT, Immunocytologic analysis, and Western blot analysis. Further, we used the same way to explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in signal transduction pathways playing in the activation of astrocytes after irradiating through the use of specificInhivascular endothelial growth factorbitors of STAT3. RESULTS Ast can be directly activated, reactive hyperplasia and hypertrophy, the expression of the activation marker glial fibrillary acidic protein is increased, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cells is increased, which may lead to RBI. After the addition of STAT3 pathway inhibitor, most of the Ast radiation activation was suppressed, and the expression of high-level expression of VEGF decreased after irradiation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that X-ray irradiation directly induced the activation of astrocytes in a persistent manner and X-ray irradiation activated STAT3 signaling pathway. As the same time, we found that X-ray irradiation induced the activation of astrocytes and secretion cytokine. The STAT3 signaling pathway may participate in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijuan Zhou
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bing He
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Rundong Ma
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yunqian Chang
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yangzhi Xie
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Leiyang People's Hospital, Leiyang, China
| | - Lin Wu
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianghua Huang
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zijian Xiao
- The First Afliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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8
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Ma C, Zhou J, Xu X, Wang L, Qin S, Hu C, Nie L, Tu Y. The Construction of a Radiation-Induced Brain Injury Model and Preliminary Study on the Effect of Human Recombinant Endostatin in Treating Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9392-9401. [PMID: 31816619 PMCID: PMC6921694 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to construct a radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) model and assess the effects of human recombinant endostatin in the treatment of RBI. Material/Methods In this study, the RBI model was used. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and assess the effects of human recombinant endostatin in the treatment of RBI. Results In this study, we successfully constructed a RBI model. VEGF mRNA expression was decreased after human recombinant endostatin treatment; however, VEGF protein secretion was increased in brain endothelial cells, and the secretion of VEGF protein was decreased in glial cells and nerve cells. Body weight changes indicated that human recombinant endostatin can increase the risk of weight loss. Brain water content results showed that human recombinant endostatin might aggravate cerebral edema in the acute stage of RBI, but it can reduce the progression of cerebral edema in the early delayed stage. Survival analysis showed that human recombinant endostatin improved the survival rate only in the early stage of RBI. Conclusions Radiation can induce vasogenic edema and is associated with the RBI occurrence and development. VEGF protein is highly relevant to the induction of edema and thrombosis in the acute phase of RBI and in the early delayed phase of RBI, including vascular repair and regeneration, thrombus ablation and other events. Human recombinant endostatin can reduce the progression of cerebral edema during the early onset of RBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Juying Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Songbin Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Liangqin Nie
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Tu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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9
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Jiang Q, Zhang NL, Ma DY, Tan BX, Hu X, Fang XD. Efficacy and safety of apatinib plus docetaxel as the second or above line treatment in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC: A multi center prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16065. [PMID: 31261514 PMCID: PMC6616323 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apatinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Some clinical trials have demonstrated that apatinib is efficacious against advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to probe efficacy and safety of apatinib plus docetaxel, as the second or above line treatment, in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. DESIGN Multicenter, prospective, single arm study. SETTING Three teaching hospitals centers in the Sichuan. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen patients with stage IVA/B nonsquamous NSCLC had previously received at least 1 platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. INTERVENTION Patients who were enrolled between November 2016 and January 2018 were given docetaxel (75 mg/m, i.v., d1) plus oral apatinib (250 mg/d), 4 weeks as one cycle, until disease progression or intolerance to adverse events (AE). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints comprised objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and AE incidence rate. RESULTS All patients carried adenocarcinoma by pathological type. The median follow-up duration was 9.76 months. Out of 14 cases, 12 were evaluable, showing ORR of 33.33%, DCR of 66.67%, DCR of 50% in cases with brain metastasis, median PFS of 2.92 months (95% CI: 1.38-4.48), and 6-month OS of 80%. Primary AEs encompassed: leukopenia in 7 cases (58.33%), hand-foot skin reaction in 5 cases (41.67%), and diarrhea in 4 cases (33.33%). Among them, grade 3 AEs were: leukopenia in 4 cases (33.33%), and hand-foot skin reaction in 1 case (8.33%). No grade 4/5 AEs were reported. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted respectively for PFS and OS. These factors encompassed: gender, age, gene mutations, clinical stage, ECOG scores, quantity of metastatic foci, brain metastasis, and hand-foot skin reaction. Results demonstrated zero risk factors for PFS or OS. CONCLUSION Apatinib plus docetaxel, as the second or above line treatment, is effective and safe against advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, with good tolerance profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03416231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Ning-Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Dai-Yuan Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Bang-Xian Tan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital of Nanchong, Nanchong
| | - Xiang-Dong Fang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, PR China
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10
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Zhou D, Huang X, Xie Y, Deng Z, Guo J, Huang H. Astrocytes-derived VEGF exacerbates the microvascular damage of late delayed RBI. Neuroscience 2019; 408:14-21. [PMID: 30910640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered the most critical factor in radiation-induced brain injury (RBI). To investigate the role of VEGF and the mechanism underlying microvascular damage in RBI, wild type mice, and transgenic mice overexpressing VEGF derived from astrocytes, were separately and randomly exposed to whole-brain or sham irradiation. Pathophysiologic changes in the brain tissue were detected 90 days after irradiation. Compared with wild type mice, the secretion of VEGF and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) was up-regulated in transgenic mice, whether irradiated or not, while elevated expression of VEGF, Ang-2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected after whole-brain irradiation using western blotting. Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was demonstrated by the leakage of dyes observed using two-photon imaging and decreased expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining revealed obvious structural damage in the irradiated brains. Furthermore, damage to the BBB and histopathology in the transgenic mice were worse than those of wild type mice in the irradiated groups. There was a positive correlation among VEGF and Ang-2 expression and RBI severity. These data reveal that VEGF and Ang-2 expression is closely associated with the microvascular injury in RBI. Further, overexpression of VEGF can cause up-regulation of Ang-2 and exacerbation of RBI. Therefore, Ang-2 might be the cytokine that acts as a mediator between VEGF and microvascular injury, and is likely a new intervention target for RBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xurui Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Zhezhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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11
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McKelvey KJ, Hudson AL, Back M, Eade T, Diakos CI. Radiation, inflammation and the immune response in cancer. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:843-865. [PMID: 30178305 PMCID: PMC6267675 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is an important component of cancer treatment with more than half of all patients receive radiotherapy during their cancer experience. While the impact of radiation on tumour morphology is routinely examined in the pre-clinical and clinical setting, the impact of radiation on the tumour microenvironment and more specifically the inflammatory/immune response is less well characterised. Inflammation is a key contributor to short- and long-term cancer eradication, with significant tumour and normal tissue consequences. Therefore, the role of radiation in modulating the inflammatory response is highly topical given the current wave of targeted and immuno-therapeutic treatments for cancer. This review provides a general overview of how radiation modulates the inflammatory and immune response—(i) how radiation induces the inflammatory/immune system, (ii) the cellular changes that take place, (iii) how radiation dose delivery affects the immune response, and (iv) a discussion on research directions to improve patient survival, reduce side effects, improve quality of life, and reduce financial costs in the immediate future. Harnessing the benefits of radiation on the immune response will enhance its maximal therapeutic benefit and reduce radiation-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J McKelvey
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research and the Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research and the Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Michael Back
- Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Tom Eade
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Connie I Diakos
- Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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12
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Yang J, Xu Z, Gao J, Liao C, Wang P, Liu Y, Ke T, Li Q, Han D. Evaluation of early acute radiation-induced brain injury: Hybrid multifunctional MRI-based study. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 54:101-108. [PMID: 30165095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation injury is a serious threat to humans that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis and assessment. Currently, there is no effective imaging method to evaluate acute radiation injury in the early stage. We used hybrid multifunctional MRI to evaluate acute radiation-induced brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different extents of brain injury were created by exposing SD rats to different radiation doses, namely, 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy. DCE, IVIM-MRI and MRS were performed on the 5th day after irradiation. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and electron microscopy were used to determine histopathological changes in neurons and glial cells. RESULTS The Ktrans, Ve, and iAUC values in DCE and the S0, f and D* values in IVIM showed significant positive correlations with injury grade. In particular, Ktrans, iAUC and S0 showed very good correlations with injury grade (r > 0.5, P < 0.05), and the values in the 30 Gy group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in the 30 Gy group was significantly lower than those in the other groups, whereas the NAA/Cho ratio increased from the 10 Gy to the 20 Gy group and decreased significantly in the 30 Gy group (P < 0.05). VEGF, Caspase-3 and GFAP increased with irradiation dose increasing from 10 Gy to 30 Gy (P < 0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated that multifunctional MRI was more effective for diagnosing the 30 Gy group than it was for the 10 Gy and 20 Gy groups. CONCLUSION Hybrid multifunctional MRI can noninvasively evaluate acute radiation-induced brain injury in the early stage, particularly high-dose radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China; Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zeyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jingyan Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chengde Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Key Laboratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Road, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Tengfei Ke
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, PR China.
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13
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Lankford KL, Arroyo EJ, Kocsis JD. Postirradiation Necrosis after Slow Microvascular Breakdown in the Adult Rat Spinal Cord is Delayed by Minocycline Treatment. Radiat Res 2018; 190:151-163. [PMID: 29799318 DOI: 10.1667/rr15039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the spatiotemporal course of radiation-induced central nervous system (CNS) vascular necrosis and assess the therapeutic potential of approaches for protecting against radiation-induced necrosis, adult female Sprague Dawley rats received 40 Gy surface dose centered on the T9 thoracic spinal cord segment. Locomotor function, blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity and histology were evaluated throughout the study. No functional symptoms were observed for several months postirradiation. However, a sudden onset of paralysis was observed at approximately 5.5 months postirradiation. The progression rapidly led to total paralysis and death within less than 48 h of symptom onset. Open-field locomotor scores and rotarod motor coordination testing showed no evidence of neurological impairment prior to the onset of overt paralysis. Histological examination revealed minimal changes to the vasculature prior to symptom onset. However, Evans blue dye (EvB) extravasation revealed a progressive deterioration of BSCB integrity, beginning at one week postirradiation, affecting regions well outside of the irradiated area. Minocycline treatment significantly delayed the onset of paralysis. The results of this study indicate that extensive asymptomatic disruption of the blood-CNS barrier may precede onset of vascular breakdown by several months and suggests that minocycline treatment has a therapeutic effect by delaying radiation-induced necrosis after CNS irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lankford
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edgardo J Arroyo
- Center for Neuroscience Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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14
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Zhang WL, Cao YA, Xia J, Tian L, Yang L, Peng CS. Neuroprotective effect of tanshinone IIA weakens spastic cerebral palsy through inflammation, p38MAPK and VEGF in neonatal rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2012-2018. [PMID: 29257210 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of main active ingredients of salvia miltiorrhizae, which is a traditional Chinese medicine, tanshinone IIA is the basis of its pharmacological activities. In the present study, the effect of tanshinone IIA on weakening spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) in neonatal rats was investigated. Radial arm water maze and holding tests were used to measure the alterations of spastic cerebral palsy, inflammation was measured using an ELISA kit, and western blot analysis was used to analyze the protein expression of p‑p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The central mechanisms involved in the mediation or modulation of inflammation, p‑p38 MAPK and VEGF were also investigated. Treatment with tanshinone IIA effectively inhibited spastic cerebral palsy, and the activities of interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, cyclooxygenase‑2 and prostaglandin E2 in a neonatal rat model of SCP. Tanshinone IIA effectively suppressed the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), phosphorylated (p‑) nuclear factor (NF)‑κB, p‑p38MAPK and VEGF, and activated the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF‑κB and the protein expression of neuronal NOS in the SCP rat model. These results suggested that the neuroprotective effect of tanshinone IIA weakened SCP through inflammation, p38MAPK and VEGF in the neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Luo Zhang
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Yue-An Cao
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Sheng Peng
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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15
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Abstract
RATIONALE Apatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, which has observed to be effective and safe in refractory radiation-induced brain edema, like Avastin did. Till now, there is no case report after apatinib came in the market. PATIENT CONCERNS Two patients who received brain radiotherapy developed clinical manifestations of brain edema, including dizziness, headache, limb activity disorder, and so on. DIAGNOSES Two patients were both diagnosed as refractory radiation-induced brain edema. INTERVENTIONS Two patients received apatinib (500 mg/day) for 2 and 4 weeks. OUTCOMES Two patients got symptomatic improvements from apatinib in different degrees. Magnetic resonance imaging after apatinib treatments showed that compared with pre-treatment imaging, the perilesional edema reduced dramatically. However, the toxicity of apatinib was controllable and tolerable. LESSONS Apatinib can obviously relieve the symptoms of refractory radiation-induced brain edema and improve the quality of life, which offers a new method for refractory radiation-induced brain edema in clinical practices. But that still warrants further investigation in the prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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16
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Diabetic nephropathy: serum miR-9 confers a poor prognosis in and is associated with level changes of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1583-1590. [PMID: 28667418 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the serum level of miR-9 and the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Thirty-five healthy subjects and 140 DN patients were divided into five groups: control, DN I-II, DN III, DN IV and DN V. Serum level of miR-9 was measured by real-time qPCR. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) lipids, fasting glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c), creatinine, fibrinogen and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also measured. The results show that the levels of miR-9, PEDF and VEGF are increased with DN progression (P < 0.05). miR-9, VEGF and PEDF are independent risk factors of DN (R2 = 0.430). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that miR-9 level is positively related to the levels of VEGF, PEDF, cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HBA1c, creatinine, fibrinogen and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum miR-9 is a potential marker for conferring a poor prognosis in DN and associated with the levels of VEGF, PEDF and biochemical indices.
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17
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Effect of particle size on the biodistribution, toxicity, and efficacy of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in chemoradiotherapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1673-1683. [PMID: 28300658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) chemotherapeutics can improve the therapeutic index of chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, the effect of NP physical properties, such particle size, on CRT is unknown. To address this, we examined the effects of NP size on biodistribution, efficacy and toxicity in CRT. PEG-PLGA NPs (50, 100, 150 nm mean diameters) encapsulating wotrmannin (wtmn) or KU50019 were formulated. These NP formulations were potent radiosensitizers in vitro in HT29, SW480, and lovo rectal cancer lines. In vivo, the smallest particles avoided hepatic and splenic accumulation while more homogeneously penetrating tumor xenografts than larger particles. However, smaller particles were no more effective in vivo. Instead, there was a trend toward enhanced efficacy with medium sized NPs. The smallest KU60019 particles caused more small bowel toxicity than larger particles. Our results showed that particle size significantly affects nanotherapeutics' biodistrubtion and toxicity but does not support the conclusion that smaller particles are better for this clinical application.
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18
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Williams JP, Calvi L, Chakkalakal JV, Finkelstein JN, O’Banion MK, Puzas E. Addressing the Symptoms or Fixing the Problem? Developing Countermeasures against Normal Tissue Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2016; 186:1-16. [PMID: 27332954 PMCID: PMC4991354 DOI: 10.1667/rr14473.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Laura Calvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward Puzas
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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19
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Yang L, Yang J, Li G, Li Y, Wu R, Cheng J, Tang Y. Pathophysiological Responses in Rat and Mouse Models of Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1022-1032. [PMID: 26797684 PMCID: PMC5310567 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the major dose-limiting organ in patients undergoing radiotherapy for assorted conditions. Radiation-induced brain injury is common and mainly occurs in patients receiving radiotherapy for malignant head and neck tumors, arteriovenous malformations, or lung cancer-derived brain metastases. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury are largely unknown. Although many treatment strategies are employed for affected individuals, the effects remain suboptimal. Accordingly, animal models are extremely important for elucidating pathogenic radiation-associated mechanisms and for developing more efficacious therapies. So far, models employing various animal species with different radiation dosages and fractions have been introduced to investigate the prevention, mechanisms, early detection, and management of radiation-induced brain injury. However, these models all have limitations, and none are widely accepted. This review summarizes the animal models currently set forth for studies of radiation-induced brain injury, especially rat and mouse, as well as radiation dosages, dose fractionation, and secondary pathophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guoqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincical Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 107, Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China. .,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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