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Tian T, Yu Q, Yang D, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li J, Luo T, Zhang K, Lv X, Wang Y, Wang H, Li H. Endothelial α 1-adrenergic receptor activation improves cardiac function in septic mice via PKC-ERK/p38MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112937. [PMID: 39182270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is particularly common in septic patients. Our previous studies have shown that activation of the alpha 1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) on cardiomyocytes inhibits sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. However, the role of cardiac endothelial α1-AR in septic cardiomyopathy has not been determined. Here, we identified α1-AR expression in mouse and human endothelial cells and showed that activation of α1-AR with phenylephrine (PE) improved cardiac function and survival by preventing cardiac endothelial injury in septic mice. Mechanistically, activating α1-AR with PE decreased the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, iNOS, E-selectin, and p-p38MAPK, while promoting PKC and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LPS-treated endothelial cells. These effects were abolished by a PKC inhibitor or α1-AR antagonist. PE also reduced p65 nuclear translocation, but this suppression is not blocked by PKC inhibition. Treatment with U0126 (a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor) reversed the effects of PE on p38MAPK phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that cardiac endothelial α1-AR activation prevents sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice by inhibiting the endothelial injury via PKC-ERK/p38MAPK signaling pathway and a PKC-independent inhibition of p65 nuclear translocation. These findings offer a new perspective for septic patients with cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting cardiac endothelial cell injury through α1-AR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Nrf2 Regulates Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122377. [PMID: 36552584 PMCID: PMC9774301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is characterized by acute ischemia in a certain part of the brain, which leads to brain cells necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, etc. At present, there are limited effective clinical treatments for cerebral ischemic stroke, and the recovery of cerebral blood circulation will lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Cerebral ischemic stroke involves many pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as one of the most critical antioxidant transcription factors in cells, can coordinate various cytoprotective factors to inhibit oxidative stress. Targeting Nrf2 is considered as a potential strategy to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia injury. During cerebral ischemia, Nrf2 participates in signaling pathways such as Keap1, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and HO-1, and then alleviates cerebral ischemia injury or CIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting ferroptosis. In this review, we have discussed the structure of Nrf2, the mechanisms of Nrf2 in cerebral ischemic stroke, the related research on the treatment of cerebral ischemia through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in recent years, and expounded the important role and future potential of the Nrf2 pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Marottoli FM, Trevino TN, Geng X, Arbieva Z, Kanabar P, Maienschein-Cline M, Lee JC, Lutz SE, Tai LM. Autocrine Effects of Brain Endothelial Cell-Produced Human Apolipoprotein E on Metabolism and Inflammation in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668296. [PMID: 34178992 PMCID: PMC8225247 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of APOE4-associated neurovascular dysfunction during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders has led to ongoing research to identify underlying mechanisms. In this study, we focused on whether the APOE genotype of brain endothelial cells modulates their own phenotype. We utilized a modified primary mouse brain endothelial cell isolation protocol that enabled us to perform experiments without subculture. Through initial characterization we found, that compared to APOE3, APOE4 brain endothelial cells produce less apolipoprotein E (apoE) and have altered metabolic and inflammatory gene expression profiles. Further analysis revealed APOE4 brain endothelial cultures have higher preference for oxidative phosphorylation over glycolysis and, accordingly, higher markers of mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial activity generates reactive oxygen species, and, with APOE4, there were higher mitochondrial superoxide levels, lower levels of antioxidants related to heme and glutathione and higher markers/outcomes of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. In parallel, or resulting from reactive oxygen species, there was greater inflammation in APOE4 brain endothelial cells including higher chemokine levels and immune cell adhesion under basal conditions and after low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. In addition, paracellular permeability was higher in APOE4 brain endothelial cells in basal conditions and after high-dose LPS treatment. Finally, we found that a nuclear receptor Rev-Erb agonist, SR9009, improved functional metabolic markers, lowered inflammation and modulated paracellular permeability at baseline and following LPS treatment in APOE4 brain endothelial cells. Together, our data suggest that autocrine signaling of apoE in brain endothelial cells represents a novel cellular mechanism for how APOE regulates neurovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felecia M Marottoli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Troy N Trevino
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zarema Arbieva
- Genome Research Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pinal Kanabar
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah E Lutz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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4
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Ríos-Arrabal S, Puentes-Pardo JD, Moreno-SanJuan S, Szuba Á, Casado J, García-Costela M, Escudero-Feliu J, Verbeni M, Cano C, González-Puga C, Martín-Lagos Maldonado A, Carazo Á, León J. Endothelin-1 as a Mediator of Heme Oxygenase-1-Induced Stemness in Colorectal Cancer: Influence of p53. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060509. [PMID: 34199777 PMCID: PMC8227293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant protein implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Elevated HO-1 expression is associated with stemness in several types of cancer, although this aspect has not yet been studied in colorectal cancer (CRC). Using an in vitro model, we demonstrated that HO-1 overexpression regulates stemness and resistance to 5-FU treatment, regardless of p53. In samples from CRC patients, HO-1 and endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) expression correlated significantly, and p53 had no influence on this result. Carbon monoxide (CO) activated the ECE-1/endothelin-1 (ET-1) pathway, which could account for the protumoral effects of HO-1 in p53 wild-type cells, as demonstrated after treatment with bosentan (an antagonist of both ETRA and ETRB endothelin-1 receptors). Surprisingly, in cells with a non-active p53 or a mutated p53 with gain-of-function, ECE-1-produced ET-1 acted as a protective molecule, since treatment with bosentan led to increased efficiency for spheres formation and percentage of cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers. In these cells, HO-1 could activate or inactivate certain unknown routes that could induce these contrary responses after treatment with bosentan in our cell model. However more research is warranted to confirm these results. Patients carrying tumors with a high expression of both HO-1 and ECE-1 and a non-wild-type p53 should be considered for HO-1 based-therapies instead of ET-1 antagonists-based ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ríos-Arrabal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
| | - Jose D. Puentes-Pardo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ágata Szuba
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Jorge Casado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
| | - María García-Costela
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
| | - Julia Escudero-Feliu
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
| | - Michela Verbeni
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial, E.T.S. de Ingenierías Informática y de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlos Cano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial, E.T.S. de Ingenierías Informática y de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina González-Puga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Martín-Lagos Maldonado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
| | - Josefa León
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (J.D.P.-P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.C.); (M.G.-C.); (J.E.-F.); (C.G.-P.); (A.M.-L.M.); (Á.C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958023199
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Sulfasalazine maintains blood-brain barrier integrity and relieves lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in hCMEC/D3 cells. Neuroreport 2021; 32:672-677. [PMID: 33913929 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfasalazine is a recognized therapy for inflammatory bowel disease and is of paramount importance for maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis. However, its effects on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and inflammation have not yet been explored. We sought to examine whether sulfasalazine has anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects on the BBB. hCMEC/D3 cells are a well-established BBB in vitro model, were treated with 1 μg/mL Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide for 12 h. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. The cells were also treated with gradient concentrations of sulfasalazine for 12 h. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins and inflammatory factors (IL-1χ and TNF-α IL-6) were measured by western blotting. ZO-1 and F-actin expression was measured by immunofluorescence staining. This study confirmed that 5 mM sulfasalazine improved the maintenance of BBB integrity and relieved lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory apoptosis and showed that sulfasalazine might be an effective treatment for BBB disruption.
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Liu L, Zhang H, Shi Y, Pan L. Prostaglandin E1 Improves Cerebral Microcirculation Through Activation of Endothelial NOS and GRPCH1. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:2041-2048. [PMID: 32483670 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction greatly contributes to microcirculation disorder. The role of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in cerebral microcirculation was explored in vitro. LPS (0.5 or 1 μg/ml) was added to induce injury in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3). CCK-8 was applied to check viabilities of HCMEC/D3 before and after LPS treatment. Western blot witnessed the changes in protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. Caspase-3/7 activity was analyzed and so were the protein expressions of pro-apoptotic gene BAX and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. mRNA expressions of eNOS and GTPCH1 were evaluated by RT-qPCR. After overexpressing eNOS or GTPCH1 in LPS-induced HCMEC/D3 cells, viabilities, inflammatory cytokines, caspase-3/7 activity, and apoptosis-related genes were detected. The modulation of PGE1 in eNOS and GTPCH1 production, viability, inflammation, and apoptosis was investigated. The inhibitor of eNOS or GTPCH1 was introduced to examine impacts of eNOS or GTPCH1 could have on the PGE1 function. LPS decreased cell viabilities, eNOS and GTPCH1 expression, and promoted inflammation and apoptosis in HCMEC/D3 cells. Overexpressed eNOS or GTPCH1 promoted cell viabilities and suppressed inflammation and apoptosis. PGE1 enhanced viability and decreased inflammation and apoptosis in cells treated by LPS. PGE1 activated eNOS and GTPCH1 and inhibition of eNOS or GTPCH1 led to the attenuation of the protective functions of PGE1 in LPS-induced cells. PGE1 protected HCMEC/D3 cells from injuries induced by LPS by activation of eNOS and GTPCH1, suggesting that PGE1 might be used to help maintain cerebral microcirculation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hexi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lijian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Chen Y, Park HJ, Park J, Song HC, Ryter SW, Surh YJ, Kim UH, Joe Y, Chung HT. Carbon monoxide ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by increasing hepatic HO-1 and Parkin expression. FASEB J 2019; 33:13905-13919. [PMID: 31645120 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901258rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is widely used as an antifebrile and analgesic drug at recommended doses, whereas an overdose of APAP can cause severe liver damage. The molecular mechanisms underlying APAP-induced liver damage remain incompletely understood. Carbon monoxide (CO), an end-product of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 activity, can confer anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in cellular models of toxicity via regulation of mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CO on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and CO's relationship to regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial signaling using CO-releasing molecules or low concentrations of CO applied as pretreatment or posttreatment. Using genetic deletion or knockdown approaches in alpha mouse liver cells or primary hepatocytes, respectively, we investigated the role of HO-1 and the mitophagy regulator protein Parkin on APAP-induced expression of the ER stress-associated apoptosis regulator cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). We found that CO induced Parkin expression in hepatocytes via the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-α/activating transcription factor-4 signaling pathway. Additionally, CO gas inhalation significantly alleviated APAP-induced liver damage in vivo and correspondingly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels as well as proinflammatory cytokines and reduced the expression of CHOP in liver tissues while dramatically increasing hepatic HO-1 and Parkin expression. We found that the protective effects of CO on APAP-induced liver damage were mediated by down-regulation of CHOP at a transcriptional and post-translational level via induction of HO-1 and Parkin, respectively, and associated with decreases in reactive oxygen species production and JNK phosphorylation. We conclude that CO may represent a promising therapeutic agent for APAP-induced liver injury.-Chen, Y., Park, H.-J., Park, J., Song, H.-C., Ryter, S. W., Surh, Y.-J., Kim, U.-H., Joe, Y., Chung, H. T. Carbon monoxide ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by increasing hepatic HO-1 and Parkin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Chen
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalian University Medical College, Dalian, China
| | - Hyeok-Jun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
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Bihari A, Chung KA, Cepinskas G, Sanders D, Schemitsch E, Lawendy AR. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) offers protection in an in vitro model of compartment syndrome. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12577. [PMID: 31230399 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limb compartment syndrome (CS), a complication of trauma, results in muscle necrosis and cell death; ischemia and inflammation contribute to microvascular dysfunction and parenchymal injury. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) has been shown to protect microvascular perfusion and reduce inflammation in animal models of CS. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of CORM-3 in human in vitro CS model, allowing exploration of the mechanism(s) of CO protection and potential development of pharmacologic treatment. METHODS Confluent human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated for 6 h with serum isolated from patients with CS. Intracellular oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) apoptosis, transendothelial resistance (TEER), polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) activation and transmigration across the monolayer in response to the CS stimulus were assessed. All experiments were performed in the presence of CORM-3 (100 μM) or its inactive form, iCORM-3. RESULTS CS serum induced a significant increase in ROS, apoptosis and endothelial monolayer breakdown; it also increased PMN superoxide production, leukocyte rolling and adhesion/transmigration. CORM-3 completely prevented CS-induced ROS production, apoptosis, PMN adhesion, rolling and transmigration, while improving monolayer integrity. CONCLUSION CORM-3 offers potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and may have a potential application to patients at risk of developing CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Bihari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyukwang Akira Chung
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Sanders
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emil Schemitsch
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdel-Rahman Lawendy
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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P2X7 Receptors Mediate CO-Induced Alterations in Gene Expression in Cultured Cortical Astrocytes—Transcriptomic Study. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3159-3174. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of CO-Releasing Molecules. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:8547364. [PMID: 30158958 PMCID: PMC6109489 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8547364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been known as the “silent killer” owing to its ability to form carboxyhemoglobin—the main cause of CO poisoning in humans. Its role as an endogenous neurotransmitter, however, was suggested in the early 1990s. Since then, the biological activity of CO has been widely examined via both the direct administration of CO and in the form of so-called “carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs).” This overview will explore the general physiological effects and potential therapeutic applications of CO when delivered in the form of CORMs.
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11
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Huang Y, Ma T, Ye Z, Li H, Zhao Y, Chen W, Fu Y, Ye Z, Sun A, Li Z. Carbon monoxide (CO) inhibits hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2)-induced oxidative stress and the activation of NF-κB signaling in lens epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2017; 166:29-39. [PMID: 29051011 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lens epithelial cells (LECs) play a critical role in the maintenance of clear crystalline lens. Previously, we reported that heme oxygenase-1 can protect LECs from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress; however, to the best of our knowledge, these protection mechanisms have not yet been explained. As carbon monoxide (CO) is an active by-product of heme degradation, we investigated its cytoprotective mechanism in both H2O2-treated human LECs (SRA 01/04) and primary rabbit LECs. CO-releasing molecule-3 was used as a CO releasing vehicle. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was monitored by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, and apoptotic molecules (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Furthermore, cell apoptosis rate was quantified by flow cytometry. Our results disclosed that low concentrations of CO released from CO-releasing molecule-3 can attenuate NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, reduce ROS generation, and enhance intracellular glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. Moreover, low concentrations of CO inhibited H2O2-induced apoptotic molecules, thereby decreasing the apoptosis of LECs. These findings suggest that low concentrations of CO protect LECs from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by attenuating NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, reducing the generation of ROS and apoptotic molecules, and restoring antioxidant enzyme levels, thereby inhibiting LECs apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Medical Department, The First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Medical School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ang Sun
- Medical School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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12
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Chrysin Attenuates VCAM-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Brain Endothelial Cells by Preventing NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071424. [PMID: 28671640 PMCID: PMC5535915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells plays an important role in neuroinflammation. Therefore, suppression of the expression of adhesion molecules in brain endothelial cells may inhibit neuroinflammation. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid component of propolis, blue passion flowers, and fruits. In the present study, we examined the effects of chrysin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in mouse cerebral vascular endothelial (bEnd.3) cells. In bEnd.3 cells, LPS increased mRNA expression of VCAM-1 in a time-dependent manner, and chrysin significantly decreased LPS-induced mRNA expression of VCAM-1. Chrysin also reduced VCAM-1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, chrysin blocked adhesion of monocytes to bEnd.3 cells exposed to LPS. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which are all activated by LPS, were significantly inhibited by chrysin. These results indicate that chrysin inhibits the expression of VCAM-1 in brain endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB translocation and MAPK signaling, resulting in the attenuation of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of chrysin suggest a possible therapeutic application of this agent to neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, septic encephalopathy, and allergic encephalomyelitis.
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13
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Yamamoto-Oka H, Mizuguchi S, Toda M, Minamiyama Y, Takemura S, Shibata T, Cepinskas G, Nishiyama N. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, CORM-3, modulates alveolar macrophage M1/M2 phenotype in vitro. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:435-445. [PMID: 28674739 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are key contributors to both the promotion and resolution of inflammation in the lung and are categorized into pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. The change in M1/M2 balance has been reported in various pulmonary diseases and is a target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of M1/M2 phenotype in alveolar macrophages by water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3). Rat alveolar macrophages (AM) (NR8383) in culture were stimulated with LPS (5 ng/ml)/IFN-γ (10 U/ml) or IL-4 (10 ng/ml)/IL-13 (10 ng/ml) to induce M1 and M2 phenotypes, respectively. Expression of M1 phenotype markers, iNOS and TNF-α, and M2 phenotype markers, CD206 and Ym-1, was assessed by western blotting after 1, 3, 6, or 24 h in the absence or presence of CORM-3 (0.15 mM) treatment. Inactive CORM-3 (iCORM-3) was used as a control. Treatment of naïve (unstimulated) AM with CORM-3 promoted progression of the M2 phenotype as evidenced by the increased expression of CD206 (at 1 h; 1.8-fold) and Ym-1 (at 3 h; 1.9-fold), respectively. Surprisingly, CORM-3 treatment also upregulated the expression of iNOS protein as assessed 6 h following stimulation of AM with CORM-3 (2.6-fold). On the contrary, CORM-3 effectively reduced LPS/IFN-γ-induced expression of iNOS protein (0.6-fold); however, it had no effect on TNF-α expression. Finally, CORM-3 acutely (1-3 h) upregulated CD206 (1.4-fold) and Ym-1 (1.6-fold) levels in IL-4-/IL-13-treated (M2-stimulus) macrophages. These findings indicate that CORM-3 modulates macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes in vitro with respect to continuous suppression of iNOS expression in M1-polarized macrophages and transient (early-phase) upregulation of CD206 and Ym-1 proteins in M2-polarized macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yamamoto-Oka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Mizuguchi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Michihito Toda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukiko Minamiyama
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Health, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Takemura
- Department Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition Health, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Noritoshi Nishiyama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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14
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Otterbein LE, Foresti R, Motterlini R. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in the Heart: The Balancing Act Between Danger Signaling and Pro-Survival. Circ Res 2017; 118:1940-1959. [PMID: 27283533 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes governing the ability of the heart to repair and regenerate after injury is crucial for developing translational medical solutions. New avenues of exploration include cardiac cell therapy and cellular reprogramming targeting cell death and regeneration. An attractive possibility is the exploitation of cytoprotective genes that exist solely for self-preservation processes and serve to promote and support cell survival. Although the antioxidant and heat-shock proteins are included in this category, one enzyme that has received a great deal of attention as a master protective sentinel is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heme into the bioactive signaling molecules carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and iron. The remarkable cardioprotective effects ascribed to heme oxygenase-1 are best evidenced by its ability to regulate inflammatory processes, cellular signaling, and mitochondrial function ultimately mitigating myocardial tissue injury and the progression of vascular-proliferative disease. We discuss here new insights into the role of heme oxygenase-1 and heme on cardiovascular health, and importantly, how they might be leveraged to promote heart repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
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15
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Inoue K, Patterson EK, Capretta A, Lawendy AR, Fraser DD, Cepinskas G. Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-401 Suppresses Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Migratory Potential by Modulating F-Actin Dynamics. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1121-1133. [PMID: 28320610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) suppress inflammation by reducing polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment to the affected organs. We investigated modulation of PMN-endothelial cell adhesive interactions by water-soluble CORM-401 using an experimental model of endotoxemia in vitro. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) grown on laminar-flow perfusion channels were stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide for 6 hours and perfused with 100 μmol/L CORM-401 (or inactive compound iCORM-401)-pretreated PMN for 5 minutes in the presence of 1.0 dyn/cm2 shear stress. HUVEC PMN co-cultures were perfused for additional 15 minutes with PMN-free medium containing CORM-401/inactive CORM-401. The experiments were videorecorded (phase-contrast microscopy), and PMN adhesion/migration were assessed off-line. In parallel, CORM-401-dependent modulation of PMN chemotaxis, F-actin expression/distribution, and actin-regulating pathways [eg, p21-activated protein kinases (PAK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)] were assessed in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulation. Pretreating PMN with CORM-401 did not suppress PMN adhesion to HUVEC, but significantly reduced PMN transendothelial migration (P < 0.0001) and fMLP-induced PMN chemotaxis (ie, migration directionality and velocity). These changes were associated with CORM-401-dependent suppression of F-actin levels/cellular distribution and fMLP-induced phosphorylation of PAK1/2 and ERK/JNK MAPK (P < 0.05). CORM-401 had no effect on p38 MAPK activation. In summary, this study demonstrates, for the first time, CORM-401-dependent suppression of neutrophil migratory potential associated with modulation of PAK1/2 and ERK/JNK MAPK signaling and F-actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Inoue
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric K Patterson
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfredo Capretta
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdel R Lawendy
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Xie Z, Han P, Cui Z, Wang B, Zhong Z, Sun Y, Yang G, Sun Q, Bian L. Pretreatment of Mouse Neural Stem Cells with Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-2 Interferes with NF-κB p65 Signaling and Suppresses Iron Overload-Induced Apoptosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1343-1351. [PMID: 26961543 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a promising approach to repair the damaged brain after hemorrhagic stroke; however, it is largely limited by the poor survival of donor cells. Breakdown products of the hematoma and subsequent iron overload contribute to the impairment of survival of neural cells. There is little information regarding the mechanism involved in the death of grafted cells. Furthermore, therapeutic research targeted to improving the survival of grafted neural stem cells (NSCs) is strikingly lacking. Here, we showed that iron overload induced apoptosis of C17.2 cells, a cell line originally cloned from mouse NSCs and immortalized by v-myc. Pretreatment with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) markedly protected C17.2 cells against iron overload in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CORM-2 interfered with NF-κB signaling, including inhibition of nuclear translocation and down-regulation of NF-κB p65. TUNEL staining showed that preconditioning C17.2 cells with CORM-2 enhanced their resistance to apoptosis induced by iron overload, which was concomitant with down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase-3) and up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. The protective effect of CORM-2 could be simulated by BAY11-7082, a special inhibitor of NF-κB p65. These results provide a novel and effective strategy to enhance the survival of NSCs after transplantation and, therefore, their efficacy in repairing brain injury due to hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Han
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhenwen Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhihong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liuguan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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17
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Blom C, Deller BL, Fraser DD, Patterson EK, Martin CM, Young B, Liaw PC, Yazdan-Ashoori P, Ortiz A, Webb B, Kilmer G, Carter DE, Cepinskas G. Human severe sepsis cytokine mixture increases β2-integrin-dependent polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion to cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:149. [PMID: 25882865 PMCID: PMC4409718 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a state of acute brain dysfunction in response to a systemic infection. We propose that systemic inflammation during sepsis causes increased adhesion of leukocytes to the brain microvasculature, resulting in blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Thus, our objectives were to measure inflammatory analytes in plasma of severe sepsis patients to create an experimental cytokine mixture (CM), and to use this CM to investigate the activation and interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and human cerebrovascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) in vitro. Methods The concentrations of 41 inflammatory analytes were quantified in plasma obtained from 20 severe sepsis patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls employing an antibody microarray. Two CMs were prepared to mimic severe sepsis (SSCM) and control (CCM), and these CMs were then used for PMN and hCMEC/D3 stimulation in vitro. PMN adhesion to hCMEC/D3 was assessed under conditions of flow (shear stress 0.7 dyn/cm2). Results Eight inflammatory analytes elevated in plasma obtained from severe sepsis patients were used to prepare SSCM and CCM. Stimulation of PMN with SSCM led to a marked increase in PMN adhesion to hCMEC/D3, as compared to CCM. PMN adhesion was abolished with neutralizing antibodies to either β2 (CD18), αL/β2 (CD11α/CD18; LFA-1) or αM/β2 (CD11β/CD18; Mac-1) integrins. In addition, immune-neutralization of the endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cell adhesion molecule, ICAM-1 (CD54) also suppressed PMN adhesion. Conclusions Human SSCM up-regulates PMN pro-adhesive phenotype and promotes PMN adhesion to cerebrovascular endothelial cells through a β2-integrin-ICAM-1-dependent mechanism. PMN adhesion to the brain microvasculature may contribute to SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Blom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Str. North, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Brittany L Deller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Str. North, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Str. North, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada. .,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd East, London, ON, N6C 6B5, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, 100 Collip Circle, London, ON, N6G 4X8, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
| | - Eric K Patterson
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd East, London, ON, N6C 6B5, Canada.
| | - Claudio M Martin
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd East, London, ON, N6C 6B5, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond Str. North, London, ON, N6A 3K6, Canada.
| | - Bryan Young
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
| | - Patricia C Liaw
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. .,The Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, 237 Barton Str. East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
| | - Payam Yazdan-Ashoori
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Str. North, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Angelica Ortiz
- Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Brian Webb
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 3747 N Meridian Rd, Rockford, IL, 61105, USA.
| | - Greg Kilmer
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 3747 N Meridian Rd, Rockford, IL, 61105, USA.
| | - David E Carter
- London Regional Genomics Centre, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond Str. North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd East, London, ON, N6C 6B5, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond Str. North, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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