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Gao X, Zhang T, Huang X, Huan X, Li Y. Impact of rise and fall phases of shear on platelet activation and aggregation using microfluidics. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:576-586. [PMID: 38556576 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Blood flow disorders are often the result of the non-physiological narrowing of blood arteries caused by atherosclerosis and thrombus. The blood then proceeds through rising-peak-decreasing phases as it passes through the narrow area. Although abnormally high shear is known to activate platelets, the shear process that platelets undergo in small arteries is complex. Thus, understanding how each shear phase affects platelet activation can be used to improve antiplatelet therapy and decrease the risk of side effects like bleeding. Blood samples were sheared (68.8 ms,5200 s-1) in vitro by the microfluidic technique, and platelet activation levels (P-selectin and integrin αIIbβ3) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to platelets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Post-stenosis platelet aggregation was dynamically detected using microfluidic technology. We studied TXA2, P2Y12-ADP, and integrin αIIbβ3-fibrinogen receptor pathways by adding antiplatelet drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, an active ingredient of aspirin that inhibits platelet metabolism), ticagrelor (hinders platelet activation), and tirofiban (blocks integrin αIIbβ3 receptor) in vitro, respectively, to determine platelet activation function mediated by transient non-physiological high shear rates. We demonstrated that platelets can be activated under transient pathological high shear rates. The shear rise and fall phases influenced shear-induced platelet activation by regulating the binding of vWF to platelets. The degree of platelet activation and aggregation increased with multiple shear rise and fall phases. ASA did not inhibit shear-mediated platelet activation, but ticagrelor and tirofiban effectively inhibited shear-mediated platelet activation. Our data demonstrated that the shear rise and fall phases play an important role in shear-mediated platelet activation and promote platelet activation and aggregation in a vWF-dependent manner. Blocking integrin αIIbβ3 receptor and hindering P2Y12-ADP were beneficial to reducing shear-mediated platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Gao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiancong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanrong Huan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Kamada H, Nakamura M, Ota H, Higuchi S, Takase K. Blood flow analysis with computational fluid dynamics and 4D-flow MRI for vascular diseases. J Cardiol 2022; 80:386-396. [PMID: 35718672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and time-resolved, three-dimensional, phase-contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (4D-flow MRI) enable visualization of time-varying blood flow structures and quantification of blood flow in vascular diseases. However, they are totally different. CFD is a method to calculate blood flow by solving the governing equations of fluid mechanics, so the obtained flow field is somewhat virtual. On the other hand, 4D-flow MRI measures blood flow in vivo, thus the flow is real. Recently, with the development and enhancement of computers, medical imaging techniques, and related software, blood flow analysis has become more accessible to clinicians and its usefulness in vascular diseases has been demonstrated. In this review, we have outlined the methods and characteristics of CFD and 4D-flow MRI, respectively. We have discussed the differences in the characteristics between both methods; reviewed the milestones achieved by blood flow analysis in various vascular diseases; and discussed the usefulness, challenges, and limitations of blood flow analysis. We have discussed the difficulties and limitations of current blood flow analysis. We have also discussed our views on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kamada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Ota
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Takase
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Rashad S, Saqr KM, Fujimura M, Niizuma K, Tominaga T. The hemodynamic complexities underlying transient ischemic attacks in early-stage Moyamoya disease: an exploratory CFD study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3700. [PMID: 32111936 PMCID: PMC7048746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebro-occlusive disease with unknown etiology that can cause both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. MMD is characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) and development of basal brain collaterals. Early-stage MMD is known to cause hemodynamic insufficiency despite mild or moderate stenosis of the intracranial arteries, but the exact mechanism underlying this pathophysiological condition is undetermined. We used high-resolution Large Eddy Simulations to investigate multiple complex hemodynamic phenomena that led to cerebral ischemia in five patients with early-stage MMD. The effects of transitional flow, coherent flow structures and blood shear-thinning properties through regions of tortuous and stenosed arteries were explored and linked to symptomatology. It is evidently shown that in some cases complex vortex structures, such as Rankine-type vortices, redirects blood flow away from some arteries causing significant reduction in blood flow. Moreover, partial blood hammer (PBH) phenomenon was detected in some cases and led to significant hemodynamic insufficiency. PBH events were attributed to the interaction between shear-thinning properties, transitional flow structures and loss of upstream pressure-velocity phase lag. We clearly show that the hemodynamic complexities in early-stage MMD could induce ischemia and explain the non-responsiveness to antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Rashad
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Khalid M Saqr
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, 1029, Abu-Kir, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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Ngo T, Kim K, Bian Y, Nam G, Park HJ, Lee K, Cho GS, Ryu JM, Lim KM, Chung JH. Antithrombotic effect of SP-8008, a benzoic acid derivative, through the selective inhibition of shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:929-944. [PMID: 31648364 PMCID: PMC7024737 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Bleeding is one of the most critical adverse effects of antithrombotic drugs, and many efforts have been made to discover novel antiplatelet agents without bleeding complications. Shear stress‐induced platelet aggregation (SIPA), where the interaction of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib constitutes the initial step, is a promising target to overcome bleeding problems, as SIPA occurs only in pathological conditions. Here, we describe SP‐8008, a novel modulator of vWF–GP Ib interactions and evaluated its antiplatelet/antithrombotic effects. Experimental Approach Newly synthesized compounds were screened for antiplatelet effects in vitro, using human platelets exposed to high shear stress. Aggregation, intracellular calcium level, granule secretion, and integrin activation were assessed. Molecular modelling using virtual docking and flow cytometry were used to evaluate effects on vWF–GP Ib interactions. Antithrombotic effects in vivo were determined in rats, using arterial thrombosis and shear stress‐specific thrombosis. Transection tail bleeding time was used to evaluate adverse effects. Key Results SP‐8008 was a potent inhibitor of SIPA, with IC50 of 1.44 ± 0.09 μM. SP‐8008 effectively and broadly blocked shear stress‐induced platelet activation events, without any significant toxicity. Importantly, SP‐8008 was highly selective against SIPA, effectively interfering with vWF–GP Ib engagement. Most importantly, SP‐8008 exerted significant antithrombotic effects in vivo in both shear stress‐specific and arterial thrombosis, without prolonging bleeding time. Conclusions and Implications Our results demonstrated that SP‐8008 can be a novel selective antiplatelet agent with improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yiying Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gibeom Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Research Headquarters, Shin Poong Pharm. Co. Ltd., Ansan, Korea
| | - Jei-Man Ryu
- Research Headquarters, Shin Poong Pharm. Co. Ltd., Ansan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Ngo T, Kim K, Bian Y, Noh H, Lim KM, Chung JH, Bae ON. Antithrombotic Effects of Paeoniflorin from Paeonia suffruticosa by Selective Inhibition on Shear Stress-Induced Platelet Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205040. [PMID: 31614534 PMCID: PMC6834133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents are important in the pharmacotherapeutic regime for many cardiovascular diseases, including thrombotic disorders. However, bleeding, the most serious adverse effect associated with current antiplatelet therapy, has led to many efforts to discover novel anti-platelet drugs without bleeding issues. Of note, shear stress-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) is a promising target to overcome bleeding since SIPA happens only in pathological conditions. Accordingly, this study was carried out to discover antiplatelet agents selectively targeting SIPA. By screening various herbal extracts, Paeonia suffruticosa and its major bioactive constituent, paeoniflorin, were identified to have significant inhibitory effects against shear-induced aggregation in human platelets. The effects of paeoniflorin on intraplatelet calcium levels, platelet degranulation, and integrin activation in high shear stress conditions were evaluated by a range of in vitro experiments using human platelets. The inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin was determined to be highly selective against SIPA, through modulating von Willebrand Factor (vWF)-platelet glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) interaction. The effects of paeoniflorin on platelet functions under high shear stress were confirmed in the ex vivo SIPA models in rats, showing the good accordance with the anti-SIPA effects on human platelets. Treatment with paeoniflorin significantly prevented arterial thrombosis in vivo from the dose of 10 mg/kg without prolonging bleeding time or blood clotting time in rats. Collectively, our results demonstrated that paeoniflorin can be a novel anti-platelet agent selectively targeting SIPA with an improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh city 410000, Vietnam.
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yiying Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Hakjun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea.
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Ngo T, Kim K, Bian Y, An GJ, Bae ON, Lim KM, Chung JH. Cyclocurcumin from Curcuma longa selectively inhibits shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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