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Yao X, Liu Y, Sui Y, Zheng M, Zhu L, Li Q, Irwin MG, Yang L, Zhan Q, Xiao J. Dexmedetomidine facilitates autophagic flux to promote liver regeneration by suppressing GSK3β activity in mouse partial hepatectomy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117038. [PMID: 39002441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is widely used for sedation and anesthesia in patients undergoing hepatectomy. However, the effect of DEX on autophagic flux and liver regeneration remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the role of DEX in hepatocyte autophagic flux and liver regeneration after PHx. METHODS In mice, DEX was intraperitoneally injected 5 min before and 6 h after PHx. In vitro, DEX was co-incubated with culture medium for 24 h. Autophagic flux was detected by LC3-II and SQSTM1 expression levels in primary mouse hepatocytes and the proportion of red puncta in AML-12 cells transfected with FUGW-PK-hLC3 plasmid. Liver regeneration was assessed by cyclinD1 expression, Edu incorporation, H&E staining, ki67 immunostaining and liver/body ratios. Bafilomycin A1, si-GSK3β and Flag-tagged GSK3β, α2-ADR antagonist, GSK3β inhibitor, AKT inhibitor were used to identify the role of GSK3β in DEX-mediated autophagic flux and hepatocyte proliferation. RESULTS Pre- and post-operative DEX treatment promoted liver regeneration after PHx, showing 12 h earlier than in DEX-untreated mice, accompanied by facilitated autophagic flux, which was completely abolished by bafilomycin A1 or α2-ADR antagonist. The suppression of GSK3β activity by SB216763 and si-GSK3β enhanced the effect of DEX on autophagic flux and liver regeneration, which was abolished by AKT inhibitor. CONCLUSION Pre- and post-operative administration of DEX facilitates autophagic flux, leading to enhanced liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy through suppression of GSK3β activity in an α2-ADR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueya Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongheng Sui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Miao Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Quanfu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qionghui Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang L, Xiong W, Yang Y, Qian J. Insight into Cardioprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Dexmedetomidine. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07579-9. [PMID: 38869744 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic, and sympatholytic properties, and several studies have shown its possible protective effects in cardiac injury. The aim of this review is to further elucidate the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine, thus suggesting its potential in the clinical management of cardiac injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our review summarizes the findings related to the involvement of dexmedetomidine in cardiac injury and discusses the results in the light of different mechanisms. We found that numerous mechanisms may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of dexmedetomidine, including the regulation of programmed cell death, autophagy and fibrosis, alleviation of inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction and microcirculatory derangements, improvement of mitochondrial dysregulation, hemodynamics, and arrhythmias. Dexmedetomidine may play a promising and beneficial role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Otsubo M, Sase K, Tsukahara C, Fujita N, Arizono I, Tokuda N, Kitaoka Y. Axonal protection by combination of ripasudil and brimonidine with upregulation of p-AMPK in TNF-induced optic nerve degeneration. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:173. [PMID: 38598101 PMCID: PMC11006787 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ROCK inhibitor ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate was shown to have axonal protective effects in TNF-induced optic nerve degeneration. The α2-adrenoreceptor agonist brimonidine was also shown to exert axonal protection. The current study aimed to elucidate whether additive axonal protection was achieved by the simultaneous injection of ripasudil and brimonidine and examine the association with AMPK activation. METHODS Intravitreal administration was performed in the following groups: PBS, TNF, or TNF with ripasudil, with brimonidine, or with a combination of ripasudil and brimonidine. Axon numbers were counted to evaluate the effects against axon loss. Immunoblot analysis was performed to examine phosphorylated AMPK expression in optic nerves, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of p-AMPK and neurofilament in the optic nerve. RESULTS Both ripasudil alone or brimonidine alone resulted in significant neuroprotection against TNF-induced axon loss. The combination of ripasudil and brimonidine showed additive protective effects. Combined ripasudil and brimonidine plus TNF significantly upregulated p-AMPK levels in the optic nerve compared with the TNF groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that p-AMPK is present in axons and enhanced by combination therapy. CONCLUSION The combination of ripasudil and brimonidine may have additive protective effects compared with single-agent treatment alone. These protective effects may be at least partially associated with AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Otsubo
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kaswasaki, Japan.
| | - Kana Sase
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kaswasaki, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kaswasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kaswasaki, Japan
| | - Ibuki Arizono
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kaswasaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Tokuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kaswasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kitaoka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kaswasaki, Japan
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Tang X, Zhang C, Tian T, Dai X, Xing Y, Wang Y, Yang D, Li H, Wang Y, Lv X, Wang H. Posttreatment with dexmedetomidine aggravates LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction partly via activating cardiac endothelial α 2A-AR in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109724. [PMID: 36696856 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine (DEX) administered before or at 30 min after sepsis induction was reported to alleviate septic cardiomyopathy in experimental models. However, sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to infection-induced dysregulated host response, whether DEX treatment in the presence of organ dysfunction affects septic cardiomyopathy is unknown. This study investigated the effect of DEX posttreatment on septic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Male wild-type and α2A-adrenergic receptor (AR) knockout mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation puncture (CLP), and cultured cardiac endothelial cells were used. Mouse survival, myocardial function, inflammatory response and related signaling pathways were determined. RESULTS DEX treatment at 6, 9 h after LPS challenge significantly reduced survival rate of LPS-challenged mice, especially at 9 h. DEX administered at 9 h after LPS injection or CLP significantly reduced survival in LPS or CLP-induced sepsis in wild-type mice, but not in α2A-AR knockout mice. LPS treatment for 20 h decreased the left ventricle + dp/dt, increased myocardial interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 concentrations as well as cardiac endothelial tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and ICAM-1 expression, which were enhanced by DEX treated at 9 h after LPS injection in wild-type mice, but not in α2A-AR knockout mice. Furthermore, DEX posttreatment increased p38 phosphorylation, c-Fos nuclear translocation and VCAM-1 expression in LPS-treated cardiac endothelial cells, which were eliminated by α2A-AR knockout or PKC inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS DEX posttreatment aggravates LPS-induced cardiac inflammation and myocardial dysfunction, at least in part, via activating cardiac endothelial α2A-AR-mediated PKC signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxu Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Shan X, Zhang J, Wei X, Tao W, Peng K, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu H, Meng X, Ji F. Dexmedetomidine attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through activating PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling via α 2 adrenoreceptors in renal microvascular endothelial cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22608. [PMID: 36250975 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101626rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs), which are closely related to regulation of vascular reactivity and modulation of inflammation, play a crucial role in the process of renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies have reported the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) against renal I/R injury, but little is known about the role of DEX on RMECs. This study aimed to investigate whether DEX alleviated renal I/R injury via acting on the RMECs. Mice underwent bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 48 h, and the cultured neonatal mice RMECs were subjected to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation (H/R) for 24 h. The results suggest that DEX alleviated renal I/R injury in vivo and improved cell viability of RMECs during H/R injury in vitro. Gene sequencing revealed that the PI3K/Akt was the top enriched signaling pathway and the endothelial cells were widely involved in renal I/R injury. DEX activated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, increased eNOS expression, and attenuated inflammatory responses. In addition, the results confirmed the distribution of α2 adrenoreceptor (α2 -AR) in RMECs. Furthermore, the protective effects of DEX against renal I/R injury were abolished by α2 -AR antagonist (atipamezole), which was partly reversed by the PI3K agonist (740 Y-P). These findings indicated that DEX protects against renal I/R injury by activating the PI3K/Akt-eNOS pathway and inhibiting inflammation responses via α2 -AR in RMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Endothelial Autophagy in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132081. [PMID: 35805165 PMCID: PMC9265562 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a subset of structural and/or functional disorders of coronary microcirculation that lead to impaired coronary blood flow and eventually myocardial ischemia. Amid the growing knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of advanced tools for assessment, CMD has emerged as a prevalent cause of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Of note, the endothelium exerts vital functions in regulating coronary microvascular and cardiac function. Importantly, insufficient or uncontrolled activation of endothelial autophagy facilitates the pathogenesis of CMD in diverse CVDs. Here, we review the progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of autophagy in coronary endothelial cells and discuss their potential role in CMD and CVDs.
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