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Gifford DR, Bhattacharyya A, Geim A, Marshall E, Krašovec R, Knight CG. Environmental and genetic influence on the rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations in Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001452. [PMID: 38687010 PMCID: PMC11084559 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations are the ultimate source of novel genetic variation on which evolution operates. Although mutation rate is often discussed as a single parameter in evolution, it comprises multiple distinct types of changes at the level of DNA. Moreover, the rates of these distinct changes can be independently influenced by genomic background and environmental conditions. Using fluctuation tests, we characterized the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in Escherichia coli grown in low and high glucose environments. These conditions are known to affect the rate of spontaneous mutation in wild-type MG1655, but not in a ΔluxS deletant strain - a gene with roles in both quorum sensing and the recycling of methylation products used in E. coli's DNA repair process. We find an increase in AT>GC transitions in the low glucose environment, suggesting that processes relating to the production or repair of this mutation could drive the response of overall mutation rate to glucose concentration. Interestingly, this increase in AT>GC transitions is maintained by the glucose non-responsive ΔluxS deletant. Instead, an elevated rate of GC>TA transversions, more common in a high glucose environment, leads to a net non-responsiveness of overall mutation rate for this strain. Our results show how relatively subtle changes, such as the concentration of a carbon substrate or loss of a regulatory gene, can substantially influence the amount and nature of genetic variation available to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna R. Gifford
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anish Bhattacharyya
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra Geim
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Marshall
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rok Krašovec
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher G. Knight
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Ling N, Ou D, Shen Y, Zhang D, Wang Y, Tong L, Ding Y, Wang J, Yang X, Zhang J, Wu Q, Ye Y. Proteomics analysis mediated by quorum sensing luxS involved in oxidative stress in Cronobacter malonaticus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The fitness burden imposed by synthesising quorum sensing signals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33101. [PMID: 27616328 PMCID: PMC5018880 DOI: 10.1038/srep33101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that bacterial populations utilize cell-to-cell signaling (quorum-sensing, QS) to control the production of public goods and other co-operative behaviours. Evolutionary theory predicts that both the cost of signal production and the response to signals should incur fitness costs for producing cells. Although costs imposed by the downstream consequences of QS have been shown, the cost of QS signal molecule (QSSM) production and its impact on fitness has not been examined. We measured the fitness cost to cells of synthesising QSSMs by quantifying metabolite levels in the presence of QSSM synthases. We found that: (i) bacteria making certain QSSMs have a growth defect that exerts an evolutionary cost, (ii) production of QSSMs negatively correlates with intracellular concentrations of QSSM precursors, (iii) the production of heterologous QSSMs negatively impacts the production of a native QSSM that shares common substrates, and (iv) supplementation with exogenously added metabolites partially rescued growth defects imposed by QSSM synthesis. These data identify the sources of the fitness costs incurred by QSSM producer cells, and indicate that there may be metabolic trade-offs associated with QS signaling that could exert selection on how signaling evolves.
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Sandrini S, Aldriwesh M, Alruways M, Freestone P. Microbial endocrinology: host-bacteria communication within the gut microbiome. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:R21-34. [PMID: 25792117 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human body is home to trillions of micro-organisms, which are increasingly being shown to have significant effects on a variety of disease states. Evidence exists that a bidirectional communication is taking place between us and our microbiome co-habitants, and that this dialogue is capable of influencing our health in a variety of ways. This review considers how host hormonal signals shape the microbiome, and what in return the microbiome residents may be signalling to their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sandrini
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Marwh Aldriwesh
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Mashael Alruways
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Primrose Freestone
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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Adler L, Alter T, Sharbati S, Gölz G. Phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni luxS mutants are depending on strain background, kind of mutation and experimental conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104399. [PMID: 25093839 PMCID: PMC4122453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery that Campylobacter (C.) jejuni produces Autoinducer 2 (AI-2), various studies have been conducted to explore the function and role of AI-2 in C. jejuni. However, the interpretation of these analyses has been complicated by differences in strain backgrounds, kind of mutation and culture conditions used. Furthermore, all research on AI-2 dependent phenotypes has been conducted with AI-2 synthase (luxS) mutants. This mutation also leads to a disruption of the activated-methyl-cycle. Most studies lack sufficient complementation resulting in not knowing whether phenotypes of luxS mutants depend on disrupted metabolism or lack of AI-2. Additionally, no AI-2 receptor has been found yet. All this contributes to an intensive discussion about the exact role of AI-2 in C. jejuni. Therefore, we examined the impact of different experiment settings on three different C. jejuni luxS mutants on growth and motility (37°C and 42°C). Our study showed that differing phenotypes of C. jejuni luxS mutants depend on strain background, mutation strategy and culture conditions. Furthermore, we complemented experiments with synthetic AI-2 or homocysteine as well as the combination of both. Complementation with AI-2 and AI-2+homocysteine significantly increased the cell number of C. jejuni NCTC 11168ΔluxS in stationary phase compared to the non-complemented C. jejuni NCTC 11168ΔluxS mutant. Genetic complementation of both C. jejuni 81-176 luxS mutants resulted in wild type comparable growth curves. Also swarming ability could be partially complemented. While genetic complementation restored swarming abilities of C. jejuni 81-176ΔluxS, it did not fully restore the phenotype of C. jejuni 81-176::luxS, which indicates that compensatory mutations in other parts of the chromosome and/or potential polar effects may appear in this mutant strain. Also with neither synthetic complementation, the phenotype of the wild type-strains was achieved, suggesting yet another reason for differing phenotypes other than communication and methionine metabolism for C. jejuni luxS mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Adler
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Yang Y, Zhou M, Hou H, Zhu J, Yao F, Zhang X, Zhu X, Hardwidge PR, Zhu G. Quorum-sensing gene luxS regulates flagella expression and Shiga-like toxin production in F18ab Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:355-61. [PMID: 24848979 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of the luxS gene on the expression of virulence factors in Shiga-like toxin producing and verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli, the luxS gene from E. coli 107/86 (wild type, O139:H1:F18ab, Stx2e) was deleted. The successful deletion of luxS was confirmed by bioluminescence assays. The luxS deletion mutant exhibited changed flagella-related phenotypes, like impaired expression of flagella, decreased flagella motility, reduced biofilm formation, and reduced ability to induce pro-immunity response in host cells, which were restored after complementation with the intact luxS gene. The mutant strain also displayed attenuated production of Stx2e. This study provides new information to the crucial function of luxS in regulating Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
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Sandrini S, Haigh R, Freestone P. Fractionation by Ultracentrifugation of Gram Negative Cytoplasmic and Membrane Proteins. Bio Protoc 2014. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Freestone P. Communication between Bacteria and Their Hosts. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:361073. [PMID: 24381789 PMCID: PMC3871906 DOI: 10.1155/2013/361073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is clear that a dialogue is occurring between microbes and their hosts and that chemical signals are the language of this interkingdom communication. Microbial endocrinology shows that, through their long coexistence with animals and plants, microorganisms have evolved sensors for detecting eukaryotic hormones, which the microbe uses to determine that they are within proximity of a suitable host and to optimally time the expression of genes needed for host colonisation. It has also been shown that some prokaryotic chemical communication signals are recognized by eukaryotes. Deciphering what is being said during the cross-talk between microbe and host is therefore important, as it could lead to new strategies for preventing or treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primrose Freestone
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- *Primrose Freestone:
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