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Montoya AM, Treviño-Rangel RDJ, Bonifaz A, González GM. Physiological characterization and molecular identification of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera as the etiological agent of a skin lesion. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 41:114-116. [PMID: 36372655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Routine laboratory methods are not effective in identifying cryptic species resulting in the underreporting of infections caused by non-Candida yeasts. This paper presents the physiological characteristics and antifungal susceptibility of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera 12-771, isolated from a tinea-like lesion. Isolate 12-771 was identified by ITS and D1/D2 analysis as S. fibuligera. The isolate presented an auxonogram profile similar to Candida utilis, as well as protease, esterase and hemolysin activity. MICs were of 0.25 μg/mL for amphotericin B, 1-2 μg/mL for echinocandins, and 16 μg/mL for fluconazole. This work represents the first record in America of S. fibuligera as an infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Montoya
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Ave. Francisco I. Madero S/n, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Ave. Francisco I. Madero S/n, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Servicio de Dermatología y Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, Cuauhtémoc, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Gloria M González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Ave. Francisco I. Madero S/n, Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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COVID-19-associated brain abscess caused by Trichosporon dohaense: A case report and review of literature. Med Mycol Case Rep 2021; 35:9-14. [PMID: 34931159 PMCID: PMC8674111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated brain abscess caused by a rare Trichosporon species, T. dohaense. The patient was a known diabetic and had received systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19. He underwent craniotomy and evacuation of abscess. The pus aspirate grew a basidiomycetous yeast, morphologically resembling Trichosporon species. The isolate was initially misidentified by VITEK® MS due to lack of mass spectral database of T. dohaense. Accurate identification was achieved by internal transcribed spacer-directed panfungal polymerase chain reaction. The patient had a favorable outcome following surgical intervention and antifungal therapy.
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Biological and genomic analyses of a clinical isolate of Yarrowia galli from China. Curr Genet 2019; 66:549-559. [PMID: 31865398 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by emerging fungal pathogens represent a new threat to human health. The yeast Yarrowia (Candida) galli was first described from chicken breast and liver in 2004 and has occasionally been isolated in clinical settings. In this study, we present the first report of a Y. galli isolate from a face granuloma of a woman. Y. galli is unable to grow at human physiological temperature (37 °C). Phenotypic analysis demonstrates that Y. galli can exist as several morphological types, namely fluffy, sticky, tight, and yeast forms, based on their cellular and colony appearances. Interestingly, Y. galli is able to undergo switching among different morphologies. These morphological changes are similar to the switching systems in pathogenic Candida species such as Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. We further sequenced the genome of the Y. galli isolate. A comparative analysis with pathogenic yeast species indicated that a set of lipid metabolism genes were enriched in Y. galli. Domain enrichment analysis demonstrated that, similar to Candida clade species, the genome of Y. galli maintained several gene families required for virulence. Our biological and genomic analyses provide new insights into the understanding of the biology of Y. galli as either an environmental isolate or a potential human pathogen.
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Aydin M, Kustimur S, Kalkanci A, Duran T. Identification of medically important yeasts by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and D1/D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit. Rev Iberoam Micol 2019; 36:129-138. [PMID: 31690527 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of opportunistic yeast infections has increased in recent decades as the result of an increasing immunocompromised patient population. AIMS To evaluate ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence to identify medically important yeast species, to investigate the performance of both the rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 region in identifying clinically relevant yeasts, and to compare these results with those of a standard phenotypic method. METHODS Both regions from 50 yeast strains, comprising 45 clinical isolates and 5 reference strains, were amplified using PCR and then sequenced. The sequences were compared to reference data available from the GenBank database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information using the BLASTn tool. RESULTS Using ID32C, 88% (44/50) of all strains were identified accurately at the species level, although 6% were misidentified; two Candida eremophila isolates were identified as Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis, and one Saprochaete clavata isolate was identified as Saprochaete capitata. Two of the four isolates identified by phenotypic methods as Trichosporon asahii were defined so by analyzing the ITS region, but the remaining two were not distinguishable from closely related species. Based on the D1/D2 region, these four isolates had 100% sequence identity with T. asahii, Trichosporon japonicum, and Trichosporon asteroides. The isolate identified as Trichosporon inkin using ID32C could not be distinguished from Trichosporon ovoides by analyzing the ITS and D1/D2 regions. CONCLUSIONS Identifying medically important yeasts by sequencing the ITS and D1/D2 region is a rapid and reliable alternative to conventional identification methods. For a diagnostic algorithm, we suggest a two-step procedure integrating conventional methods (e.g. microscopic morphology on corn meal agar with Tween® 80 and API ID32C®) and sequence analysis of the ITS and D1/D2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Aydin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey; Department of Medical Microbiology, KTO Karatay University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Semra Kustimur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kalkanci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugce Duran
- Department of Medical Genetics, KTO Karatay University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Li X, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Molecular characterisation of emerging pathogens of unexplained infectious disease syndromes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:839-848. [PMID: 31385539 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1651200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The discoveries of HIV and Helicobacter pylori in the 1980s were landmarks in identification of novel pathogens causing unexplained infectious syndromes using conventional microbiological technologies. In the last few decades, advancement of molecular technologies has provided us with more robust tools to expand our armamentarium in this microbial hunting process. Areas covered: In this article, we give a brief overview of the most important molecular technologies we use for identification of emerging microbes associated with unexplained infectious syndromes, including 16S rRNA and other conserved targets sequencing for bacteria, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and other target gene sequencing for fungi, polymerase and other gene sequencing for viruses, as well as deep sequencing. Then, we use several representative examples to illustrate how these techniques have been used for the discoveries of a few notable bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens associated with unexplained infectious syndromes in the last 20-30 years. Expert opinion: In the past and present, characterization of emerging pathogens of unexplained infectious disease syndromes has relied on a combination of conventional culture- and phenotype-based technologies and nucleic acid amplification and sequencing. In the next era, we envisage more widespread adoption of next generation technologies that can detect both known and previously undescribed pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Yu SY, Guo LN, Xiao M, Kudinha T, Kong F, Wang H, Cheng JW, Zhou ML, Xu H, Xu YC. Trichosporon dohaense, a rare pathogen of human invasive infections, and literature review. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1537-1547. [PMID: 30288064 PMCID: PMC6160283 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s174301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichosporon dohaense is a rare fungal species that has not been described in human invasive infections. Patients and methods In this study, we investigated two T. dohaense isolates from patients with invasive infections in two hospitals in China, as part of the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) program. Both patients were under immunocompromised conditions. Results On chromogenic agar, T. dohaense isolates were dark blue, similar to the color of Candida. tropicalis, but the characteristic moist colony appearance was quite different from that of T. asahii. The two isolates were misidentified as T. asahii and T. inkin by the VITEK 2 YST system. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domain sequences of the two T. dohaense isolates were 100% identical to T. dohaense type strain CBS10761T. The sequence of the intergenic spacer region-1 also clearly distinguished the species. Of the three matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry systems, Bruker Biotyper and Autobio MS correctly identified the two isolates to species level, whereas Vitek MS systems misidentified them as T. ovoides or T. asteroides. Echinocandins exhibited no in vitro activities against the two T. dohaense isolates. In addition, the isolates exhibited intermediate susceptibility to fluconazole (with minimal inhibitory concentrations [MICs] of 8 and 16 µg/mL) and itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole (MICs of 0.25-1 µg/mL). T. dohaense demonstrated susceptibility to amphotericin B with MIC of 1 µg/mL. The MICs of fluconazole and voriconazole in our study were higher than the MIC50 of 62 for T. asahii isolates (4 and 0.064 µg/mL) in the CHIF-NET program. Conclusion This case study points to a possible emergence of T. dohaense as an opportunistic human invasive fungal pathogen, and the reduced susceptibility should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - He Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Jing-Wei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Meng-Lan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China,
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Ekowati Y, Ferrero G, Kennedy MD, de Roda Husman AM, Schets FM. Potential transmission pathways of clinically relevant fungi in indoor swimming pool facilities. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:1107-1115. [PMID: 30145117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Possible transmission pathways of fungi in indoor swimming pool facilities were assessed through fungal counting in different areas of the facilities and typing of the collected fungal isolates. Air, water and surface samples were collected from seven different indoor swimming pool facilities. Fungal species were identified based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Maximum fungal concentrations of 6.2 CFU/cm2, 1.39 CFU/100 mL, and 202 CFU/m³ were found on surfaces, in water and air, respectively. In total, 458 isolates were obtained, belonging to 111 fungal species, of which 50 species were clinically relevant. Phialophora oxyspora (13.3%) and Trichosporon dohaense (5.0%) were the most frequently isolated species and were merely detected on floors, as were the dermatophytes, Trichophyton interdigitale and T. rubrum. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the dominant fungi in water and air. No typical patterns of fungal concentrations along the preferential pathways of pool visitors were observed, however, sites where pool visitors converge while moving from one room (e.g. dressing room) to another (e.g. shower room) and walking barefoot displayed the highest fungal concentrations thus posing the highest risk of contamination. The dispersal of fungi on floors is most likely facilitated by the pool visitors and cleaning tools. Clinically relevant fungi, including the ones rarely identified in nature, were widely detected on floors, in water and in air, as well as on cleaning tools and flexibeams. Preventive measures such as cleaning should minimize the prevalence of clinically relevant fungi in swimming pool facilities since these potentially pose health risks to those vulnerable for infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Ekowati
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Giuliana Ferrero
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maria D Kennedy
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Domplein 29, 3512 JE, The Netherlands
| | - Franciska M Schets
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Kim S, Lee DG. Oxyresveratrol-induced DNA cleavage triggers apoptotic response in Candida albicans. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:1112-1121. [PMID: 30024372 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin produced by plants in response to infection. Biological activities of oxyresveratrol have been studied such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammation. However, further antimicrobial activity and its mechanism need to be investigated. This study exhibited growth inhibition against pathogenic fungi and investigated its mode of action. Oxyresveratrol inflicted cleavage on DNA, leading to G2/M phase arrest. DNA damage by oxyresveratrol was not the result of oxidative stress but it was triggered by direct binding to DNA. Oxyresveratrol-treated cells showed an apoptotic pathway characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure, apoptotic volume decrease and metacaspase activation. Mitochondria-associated apoptotic features also appeared. Oxyresveratrol-induced Ca2+ overload led to mitochondrial membrane depolarization and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. In conclusion, oxyresveratrol with DNA-binding affinity induces DNA cleavage, and eventually leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Ekowati Y, van Diepeningen AD, Ferrero G, Kennedy MD, de Roda Husman AM, Schets FM. Clinically relevant fungi in water and on surfaces in an indoor swimming pool facility. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:1152-1160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moubasher AH, Abdel-Sater MA, Soliman Z. Incidence and biodiversity of yeasts, dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes in superficial skin infections in Assiut, Egypt. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:166-179. [PMID: 28188051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify the incidence of the causal agents from dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes and yeasts in Assiut Governorate employing, beside the morphological and physiological techniques, the genotypic ones. PATIENTS Samples from infected nails, skin and hair were taken from 125 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who presented with onychomycosis, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea pedis during the period from February 2012 to October 2015 were clinically examined and diagnosed by dermatologists and were guided to Assiut University Mycological Centre for direct microscopic examination, culturing and identification. RESULTS Onychomycosis was the most common infecting (64.8% of the cases) followed by tinea capitis (17.6%). Direct microscopic preparations showed only 45 positive cases, while 96 cases showed positive cultures. Infections were more frequent in females than males. Fifty-one fungal species and 1 variety were obtained. Yeasts were the main agents being cultured from 46.02% of total cases. Non-dermatophytes were the second etiologic agents. Aspergillus was responsible for infecting 19.47% of total cases and dermatophytes appeared in only 15.93% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Yeasts were the main causal agents followed by non-dermatophytic fungi (mainly species of Aspergillus, then Alternaria, Scopulariopsis and Fusarium). Both direct microscopic preparations and culturing are recommended for mycological evaluation of clinical specimens. Sequence analysis of ITS region is recommended for yeast identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Moubasher
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Mycological Centre, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - M A Abdel-Sater
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Mycological Centre, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Z Soliman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Mycological Centre, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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