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Ball B, Sukumaran A, Krieger JR, Geddes-McAlister J. Comparative Cross-Kingdom DDA- and DIA-PASEF Proteomic Profiling Reveals Novel Determinants of Fungal Virulence and a Putative Druggable Target. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3917-3932. [PMID: 39140824 PMCID: PMC11385706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and reliable detection of fungal pathogens presents an important hurdle to manage infections, especially considering that fungal pathogens, including the globally important human pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, have adapted diverse mechanisms to survive the hostile host environment and moderate virulence determinant production during coinfections. These pathogen adaptations present an opportunity for improvements (e.g., technological and computational) to better understand the interplay between a host and a pathogen during disease to uncover new strategies to overcome infection. In this study, we performed comparative proteomic profiling of an in vitro coinfection model across a range of fungal and bacterial burden loads in macrophages. Comparing data-dependent acquisition and data-independent acquisition enabled with parallel accumulation serial fragmentation technology, we quantified changes in dual-perspective proteome remodeling. We report enhanced and novel detection of pathogen proteins with data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation (DIA-PASEF), especially for fungal proteins during single and dual infection of macrophages. Further characterization of a fungal protein detected only with DIA-PASEF uncovered a novel determinant of fungal virulence, including altered capsule and melanin production, thermotolerance, and macrophage infectivity, supporting proteomics advances for the discovery of a novel putative druggable target to suppress C. neoformans pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Ball
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun Sukumaran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
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Nobre AFD, Sousa AMSD, Costa ADC, Fernandes MR, Kumar R, Ponne S, Rocha MG, Rodrigues AM, Camargo ZPD, Brilhante RSN. Effect of proton pump inhibitors on susceptibility and melanogenesis of Sporothrix species. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 39145374 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species embedded in the clinical clade. Fungi have virulence factors, such as biofilm and melanin production, which contribute to their survival and are related to the increase in the number of cases of therapeutic failure, making it necessary to search for new options.Gap statement. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have already been shown to inhibit the growth and melanogenesis of other fungi.Aim. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the PPIs omeprazole (OMP), rabeprazole (RBP), esomeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole on the susceptibility and melanogenesis of Sporothrix species, and their interactions with itraconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B.Methodology. The antifungal activity of PPIs was evaluated using the microdilution method, and the combination of PPIs with itraconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B was assessed using the checkerboard method. The assessment of melanogenesis inhibition was assessed using grey scale.Results. The OMP and RBP showed significant MIC results ranging from 32 to 256 µg ml-1 and 32 to 128 µg ml-1, respectively. Biofilms were sensitive, with a significant reduction (P<0.05) in metabolic activity of 52% for OMP and 50% for RBP at a concentration of 512 µg ml-1 and of biomass by 53% for OMP and 51% for RBP at concentrations of 512 µg ml-1. As for the inhibition of melanogenesis, only OMP showed inhibition, with a 54% reduction.Conclusion. It concludes that the PPIs OMP and RBP have antifungal activity in vitro against planktonic cells and biofilms of Sporothrix species and that, in addition, OMP can inhibit the melanization process in Sporothrix species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Feynman Dias Nobre
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alanna Mayara Soares de Sousa
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Cunha Costa
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirele Rodrigues Fernandes
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saravanaraman Ponne
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Maria Gleiciane Rocha
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Kumari D, Sachivkina N, Pasrija R. Investigation of the influence of pH and temperature on melanization and survival under oxidative stress in Cryptococcus neoformans. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:355. [PMID: 39017938 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that produces melanin during infection, an important virulence factor in Cryptococcal infections that enhances the ability of the fungus to resist immune defense. This fungus can synthesize melanin from a variety of substrates, including L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). Since melanin protects the fungus from various stress factors such as oxidative, nitrosative, extreme heat and cold stress; we investigated the effects of environmental conditions on melanin production and survival. In this study, we investigated the effects of different pH values (5.6, 7.0 and 8.5) and temperatures (30 °C and 37 °C) on melanization and cell survival using a microtiter plate-based melanin production assay and an oxidative stress assay, respectively. In addition, the efficacy of compounds known to inhibit laccase involved in melanin synthesis, i.e., tunicamycin, β-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, sodium azide and caspofungin on melanization was evaluated and their sensitivity to temperature and pH changes was measured. The results showed that melanin content correlated with pH and temperature changes and that pH 8.5 and 30 °C, were best for melanin production. Besides that, melanin production protects the fungal cells from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Thus, changes in pH and temperature drastically alter melanin production in C. neoformans and it correlates with the fungal survival. Due to the limited antifungal repertoire and the development of resistance in cryptococcal infections, the investigation of environmental conditions in the regulation of melanization and survival of C. neoformans could be useful for future research and clinical phasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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4
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Gutierrez-Gongora D, Woods M, Prosser RS, Geddes-McAlister J. Natural compounds from freshwater mussels disrupt fungal virulence determinants and influence fluconazole susceptibility in the presence of macrophages in Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0284123. [PMID: 38329361 PMCID: PMC10913472 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02841-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen responsible for fatal infections, especially in patients with a depressed immune system. Overexposure to antifungal drugs due to prolonged treatment regimens and structure-similar applications in agriculture have weakened the efficacy of current antifungals in the clinic. The rapid evolution of antifungal resistance urges the discovery of new compounds that inhibit fungal virulence determinants, rather than directly killing the pathogen, as alternative strategies to overcome disease and reduce selective pressure toward resistance. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of freshwater mussel extracts (crude and clarified) against the production of well-defined virulence determinants (i.e., thermotolerance, melanin, capsule, and biofilm) and fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans. We demonstrated the extracts' influence on fungal thermotolerance, capsule production, and biofilm formation, as well as susceptibility to fluconazole in the presence of macrophages. Additionally, we measured the inhibitory activity of extracts against commercial peptidases (family representatives of cryptococcal orthologs) related to fungal virulence determinants and fluconazole resistance, and integrated these phenotypic findings with quantitative proteomics profiling. Our approach defined distinct signatures of each treatment and validated a new mechanism of anti-virulence action toward the polysaccharide capsule from a selected extract following fractionation. By understanding the mechanisms driving the antifungal activity of mussels, we may develop innovative treatment options to overcome fungal infections and promote susceptibility to fluconazole in resistant strains. IMPORTANCE As the prevalence and severity of global fungal infections rise, along with an increasing incidence of antifungal resistance, new strategies to combat fungal pathogens and overcome resistance are urgently needed. Critically, our current methods to overcome fungal infections are limited and drive the evolution of resistance forward; however, an anti-virulence approach to disarm virulence factors of the pathogen and promote host cell clearance is promising. Here, we explore the efficacy of natural compounds derived from freshwater mussels against classical fungal virulence determinants, including thermotolerance, capsule production, stress response, and biofilm formation. We integrate our phenotypic discoveries with state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify mechanistic drivers of these antifungal properties and propose innovative avenues to reduce infection and support the treatment of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Woods
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S. Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Gutierrez-Gongora D, Raouf-Alkadhimi F, Prosser RS, Geddes-McAlister J. Differentiated extracts from freshwater and terrestrial mollusks inhibit virulence factor production in Cryptococcus neoformans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4928. [PMID: 36967422 PMCID: PMC10040410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, is responsible for deadly infections among immunocompromised individuals with the evolution of antifungal resistance driving the solution to discover new compounds that inhibit fungal virulence factors rather than kill the pathogen. Recently, exploration into natural sources (e.g., plants, invertebrates, microbes) of antifungal agents has garnered attention by integrating a One Health approach for new compound discovery. Here, we explore extracts from three mollusk species (freshwater and terrestrial) and evaluate effects against the growth and virulence factor production (i.e., thermotolerance, melanin, capsule, and biofilm) in C. neoformans. We demonstrate that clarified extracts of Planorbella pilsbryi have a fungicidal effect on cryptococcal cells comparable to fluconazole. Similarly, all extracts of Cipangopaludina chinensis affect cryptococcal thermotolerance and impair biofilm and capsule production, with clarified extracts of Cepaea nemoralis also conveying the latter effect. Next, inhibitory activity of extracts against peptidases related to specific virulence factors, combined with stress assays and quantitative proteomics, defined distinct proteome signatures and proposed proteins driving the observed anti-virulence properties. Overall, this work highlights the potential of compounds derived from natural sources to inhibit virulence factor production in a clinically important fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan S Prosser
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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6
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Bland J, Gribble LA, Hamel MC, Wright JB, Moormann G, Bachand M, Wright G, Bachand GD. Evaluating changes in growth and pigmentation of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii in response to gamma and ultraviolet irradiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12142. [PMID: 35840596 PMCID: PMC9287308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin-containing fungi (black molds) have the capacity to thrive under extreme environmental conditions such as the elevated radiation levels inside the former Chernobyl reactors. These fungi have been hypothesized to grow toward and use gamma radiation as an energy source, but the literature does not clearly address which energies of the electromagnetic spectrum, if any, positively affect fungal growth. The goal of this work was to characterize the response of non-melanized and melanized fungi to two distinct electromagnetic wavelengths, i.e., ultraviolet (UV) and gamma ray, keeping absorption and other potentially confounding variables constant. Exposure to UV or gamma radiation induced significant changes in fungi pigmentation, but not growth rate of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii. Specifically, increased pigmentation of both fungi was observed in samples exposed to UV, while decreased pigmentation was observed for gamma-irradiated samples. These results provide new insights into the role of electromagnetic energies on growth of fungi and provide an impetus to examine additional energies and types of radiation to develop a fundamental understanding of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bland
- Center for Global Security and Cooperation, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.
| | - Lisa Astuto Gribble
- Center for Global Security and Cooperation, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Michael C Hamel
- Center for Global Security and Cooperation, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Jeremy B Wright
- Center for Monitoring Systems and Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Garrett Moormann
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Marlene Bachand
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Ginger Wright
- Center for Global Security and Cooperation, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - George D Bachand
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.
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7
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Cross-Kingdom Infection of Macrophages Reveals Pathogen- and Immune-Specific Global Reprogramming and Adaptation. mBio 2022; 13:e0168722. [PMID: 35862772 PMCID: PMC9426421 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01687-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the human microbiota and infectious disease outcome is a rapidly expanding area of study. Understanding how the host responds to changes in its symbiotic relationship with microbes provides new insight into how disruption can promote disease.
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8
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de Sousa HR, de Oliveira GP, Frazão SDO, Gorgonha KCDM, Rosa CP, Garcez EM, Lucas J, Correia AF, de Freitas WF, Borges HM, de Brito Alves LG, Paes HC, Trilles L, Lazera MDS, Teixeira MDM, Pinto VL, Felipe MSS, Casadevall A, Silva-Pereira I, Albuquerque P, Nicola AM. Faster Cryptococcus Melanization Increases Virulence in Experimental and Human Cryptococcosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:393. [PMID: 35448624 PMCID: PMC9029458 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus spp. are human pathogens that cause 181,000 deaths per year. In this work, we systematically investigated the virulence attributes of Cryptococcus spp. clinical isolates and correlated them with patient data to better understand cryptococcosis. We collected 66 C. neoformans and 19 C. gattii clinical isolates and analyzed multiple virulence phenotypes and host-pathogen interaction outcomes. C. neoformans isolates tended to melanize faster and more intensely and produce thinner capsules in comparison with C. gattii. We also observed correlations that match previous studies, such as that between secreted laccase and disease outcome in patients. We measured Cryptococcus colony melanization kinetics, which followed a sigmoidal curve for most isolates, and showed that faster melanization correlated positively with LC3-associated phagocytosis evasion, virulence in Galleria mellonella and worse prognosis in humans. These results suggest that the speed of melanization, more than the total amount of melanin Cryptococcus spp. produces, is crucial for virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdson Renney de Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Getúlio Pereira de Oliveira
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Stefânia de Oliveira Frazão
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (S.d.O.F.); (I.S.-P.); (P.A.)
| | - Kaio César de Melo Gorgonha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Camila Pereira Rosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Emãnuella Melgaço Garcez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Joaquim Lucas
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz–Brasília), Brasília 70904-130, DF, Brazil; (J.L.J.); (V.L.P.J.)
| | | | - Waleriano Ferreira de Freitas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Higor Matos Borges
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Lucas Gomes de Brito Alves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Luciana Trilles
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz–Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, RJ, Brazil; (L.T.); (M.d.S.L.)
| | - Márcia dos Santos Lazera
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz–Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, RJ, Brazil; (L.T.); (M.d.S.L.)
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
| | - Vitor Laerte Pinto
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz–Brasília), Brasília 70904-130, DF, Brazil; (J.L.J.); (V.L.P.J.)
| | - Maria Sueli Soares Felipe
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 70790-160, DF, Brazil;
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Ildinete Silva-Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (S.d.O.F.); (I.S.-P.); (P.A.)
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (S.d.O.F.); (I.S.-P.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - André Moraes Nicola
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (H.R.d.S.); (K.C.d.M.G.); (C.P.R.); (E.M.G.); (W.F.d.F.); (H.M.B.); (L.G.d.B.A.); (H.C.P.); (M.d.M.T.)
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 70790-160, DF, Brazil;
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Proteomic analysis of serial isolates of Trichosporon asahii identifies host-specific adaptations using the TMT/MRM approach. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104309. [PMID: 34153541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii) is an important causal agent of mortality in immunocompromised patients and associated with frequent relapses, even with sufficient antifungal treatment. Investigating the proteomes of initial and recurrent isolates may help to identify within-host adaptive changes. In this study, using tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology, we analyzed the proteomes of two T. asahii strains that were isolated 15 years apart from the same patient who suffered initial and recurrent episodes of systemic disseminated trichosporonosis. A total of 597 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Functional analysis showed that the increased proteins were primarily concentrated on peptide/protein/energy/drug metabolism and translation. Most of the results were determined to be consistent with the findings of phenotypic assays, such as tests for drug susceptibility, temperature growth, biofilm formation, melanization and paromomycin assays. Moreover, we performed multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry to verify 27 candidate proteins, and the results of this experiment were also highly consistent with the results of the TMT analysis. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, these data provide the first molecular evidence of how the T. asahii proteome changes related to host-specific adaptation during human infection. SIGNIFICANCE: Systemic infection with Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii) has recently been recognized as an important causal agent of mortality in immunocompromised patients. Although triazole treatment usually works efficiently in the early phase of infection, many patients relapse. Hence, comparative analyses of the proteomics of initial and recurrent isolates may reveal evidence of adaptive changes within the host. Our study demonstrates that the recurrent strain has undergone proteomic changes using tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Moreover, the results of phenotypic assays, including drug susceptibility, temperature growth, biofilm formation, melanization and paromomycin assays, were highly consistent with the proteomic changes, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) verification also showed similar trends to the TMT results. In summary, our study is the first to investigate the adaptation of T. asahii under pressure from antifungal chemotherapy and host immune responses.
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Hu P, Liu L, Ke W, Tian X, Wang L. A cyclin protein governs the infectious and sexual life cycles of Cryptococcus neoformans. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:1336-1345. [PMID: 33165808 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle is a fundamental process underlying growth and development in evolutionarily diverse organisms, including fungi. In human fungal pathogens, cell cycle control generally determines their life cycles, either in the environment or during infections. Thus, cell cycle components can potentially serve as important targets for the development of antifungal strategy against fungal infections. Here, in Cryptococcus neoformans, the most common cause of fatal fungal meningitis, we show that a previously uncharacterized B-type cyclin named Cbc1 is essential for both its infectious and sexual cycles. We reveal that Cbc1 coordinates various sexual differentiation and molecular processes, including meiosis. Especially, the absence of Cbc1 abolishes formation of sexual spores in C. neoformans, which are presumed infectious particles. Cbc1 is also required for the major Cryptococcus pathogenic attributes. Virulence assessment using the murine model of cryptococcosis revealed that the cbc1 mutant is avirulent. Together, our results provide an important insight into how C. neoformans employs shared cell cycle regulation to coordinate its infectious and sexual cycles, which are considered crucial for virulence evolution and the production of infectious spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weixin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Biological activities of melanin pigment extracted from Bombyx mori gut-associated yeast Cryptococcus rajasthanensis KY627764. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:159. [PMID: 32974753 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanin pigment has been produced and extracted from a wide variety of living forms ranging from microorganisms to higher organisms. Owing to the therapeutic nature of the pigment, various microbial populations have been explored for its production. Hence, we isolated a melanin producing yeast from the insect Bombyx mori gut microflora and identified it as Cryptococcus rajasthanensis based on the molecular characterization. The isolated yeast produced enhanced melanin pigment when cultured in the minimal L-tyrosine broth as compared to the Saboraud medium. The pigment was extracted and characterized as melanin based on UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy and 1H NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance). The melanin pigment was evaluated as a potent bioactive molecule with bioactivity like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity that describes the therapeutic nature of the extracted melanin pigment. Distinct from the biologically active role the melanin pigment isolated from the yeast, the Cryptococcus extract also exhibited killer toxin activity against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.
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12
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Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex melanized by epinephrine: Increased yeast survival after amphotericin B exposure. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104123. [PMID: 32169493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii complex species are etiological agents of cryptococcosis, a systemic mycosis that cause respiratory infection and meningoencephalitis. To establish the infection, these yeasts produce virulence factors, such as melanin, which contribute to pathogenicity and antifungal tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate melanin production by the C. neoformans/C. gattii complex in the presence of different precursors of melanogenesis and evaluate the effect of melanization on the antifungal susceptibility of these species to fluconazole, flucytosine and amphotericin B. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and caffeic acid were used as substrates for melanin production, and l-dopa was used as positive control. The susceptibility of melanized strains (n = 6), after exposure to epinephrine or l-dopa, was evaluated by broth microdilution assay, and non-melanized strains were used as control. The antifungal activity of amphotericin B against melanized strains was also investigated by time kill assay. All Cryptococcus spp. strains produced melanin after exposure to the tested substrates. After exposure to epinephrine, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges were 1-8 μg/mL for fluconazole, 2-8 μg/mL for flucytosine and 0.125-1 μg/mL for amphotericin B, while, after exposure to l-dopa, MIC ranges were 2-8 μg/mL for fluconazole, 4-8 μg/mL for flucytosine, and 0.125-0.5 μg/mL for amphotericin B. Similar results were observed for non-melanized strains. The production of melanin after exposure to epinephrine was higher than that induced by l-dopa. Melanized cells of both species were more tolerant to amphotericin B than the non-melanized control, emphasizing the importance of melanin production for fungal virulence.
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13
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Li Z, Liu N, Tu J, Ji C, Han G, Sheng C. Discovery of Simplified Sampangine Derivatives with Potent Antifungal Activities against Cryptococcal Meningitis. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1376-1384. [PMID: 31070884 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current antifungal drug therapy for CM has the following challenges: limited efficacy, significant side effects, emerging drug resistance, and unavailability in highly needed countries. There is an urgent need to develop novel CM therapeutic agents with a new mode of action. On the basis of the antifungal natural product sampangine, herein, novel simplified isoxazole derivatives were identified to possess excellent inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans). Particularly, compound 9a was highly active (the minimum inhibitory concentration of 80% inhibition, MIC80 = 0.031 μg/mL) and significantly inhibited biofilm formation, melanin, and urease production of C. neoformans. 9a had good blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and effectively reduced the brain fungal burden in a murine model of cryptococcosis. The antifungal mechanism of compound 9a was preliminarily investigated by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. It was able to cause necrocytosis of C. neoformans cells and cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase. Isoxazole compound 9a represents a promising lead compound for the development of novel CM therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiyan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Brilhante RS, da Rocha MG, de Oliveira JS, España JDA, Pereira VS, Scm Castelo-Branco DD, A Pereira-Neto WD, Sidrim JJ, A Cordeiro RD, Rocha MF. Proton pump inhibitors versus Cryptococcus species: effects on in vitro susceptibility and melanin production. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:489-497. [PMID: 31033338 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on growth and melanin production by Cryptococcus spp. Materials & methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of omeprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole against Cryptococcus spp. were determined and the effect of PPIs on melanin production was evaluated, in the presence or absence of copper sulfate or glutathione. Results: PPIs showed MICs ranging from 125-1000 μg/ml and decreased melanization by Cryptococcus cells. Addition of copper sulfate or gluthatione restored melanogenesis of cells grown in the presence of PPIs. The presence of PPIs and glyphosate decreased copper sulfate toxicity (1 mM). Conclusion: PPIs inhibited melanogenesis of Cryptococcus spp., possibly by chelating copper or inhibiting copper ATPase transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sn Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria G da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas S de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jaime DA España
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue S Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Scm Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de A Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Jc Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de A Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fg Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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15
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Li Z, Liu N, Tu J, Ji C, Han G, Wang Y, Sheng C. Discovery of novel simplified isoxazole derivatives of sampangine as potent anti-cryptococcal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:832-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Brilhante RSN, Rocha MGD, Guedes GMDM, Oliveira JSD, Araújo GDS, España JDA, Sales JA, Aguiar LD, Paiva MDAN, Cordeiro RDA, Pereira-Neto WDA, Pinheiro ADQ, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG. Malassezia pachydermatis from animals: Planktonic and biofilm antifungal susceptibility and its virulence arsenal. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:47-52. [PMID: 29885800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is a component of the microbiota of dogs and cats, however it can cause otitis and seborrheic dermatitis in these animals. The objective of this study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility, and evaluate virulence and pathogenicity of 25 M. pachydermatis strains from animals. Susceptibility to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B was evaluated by broth microdilution assay. In addition, biofilm-forming ability, protease, phospholipase, hemolysin and melanin production and adhesion to epithelial cells by this yeast species were assessed. Finally, strain pathogenicity was investigated using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Concerning the planktonic susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentrations varied from <0.03 to>64 μg/mL for azole derivatives, 1 to >16 μg/mL for amphotericin B and 0.03 to 0.25 μg/mL for terbinafine. All strains were classified as strong biofilm producers, and ketoconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B presented the best inhibitory effect against mature biofilms. All fungal isolates produced proteases, whereas 14/25 strains were positive for phospholipase production. Hemolytic activity was not observed and 18/25 strains showed dark pigmentation in the presence of L-DOPA. Regarding adhesion to epithelial cells, a low adhesion rate was observed in 10/12 evaluated strains. C. elegans mortality rate reached 95.9% after 96 h of exposure of the worms to M. pachydermatis. This yeast species produces important virulence factors and presents high pathogenicity, corroborating its clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gleiciane da Rocha
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dos Santos Araújo
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jaime David Acosta España
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jamille Alencar Sales
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lara de Aguiar
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel de Araújo Neto Paiva
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Queiroz Pinheiro
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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