1
|
Pärnänen P, Suojanen J, Laine M, Sorsa T, Ranki A. Long-term remission of candidiasis with fermented lingonberry mouth rinse in an adult patient with APECED. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 144:107066. [PMID: 38649005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a long-term remission in candidiasis in a 57-year-old Finnish female with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) suffering from recurrent oral, esophageal, gastric, vaginal, and anal candidiasis since childhood. Candidiasis treatment with antifungal medicines fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, nystatin, or amphotericin-B during 2008-2021 had variable effects and intermittent development of antifungal resistance and hospital periods. The patient started using fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ) as a mouth rinse daily in April 2021. No symptoms or mucosal signs of candidiasis in any part of the digestive system or vaginal area have been noticed during this exceptionally long-term 2 ½ year remission in candidiasis without antifungal medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Juho Suojanen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Lahti, Finland; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Laine
- Porvoo Hospital, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Porvoo, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diez-Martin E, Hernandez-Suarez L, Muñoz-Villafranca C, Martin-Souto L, Astigarraga E, Ramirez-Garcia A, Barreda-Gómez G. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Molecular Bases, Predictive Biomarkers, Diagnostic Methods, and Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7062. [PMID: 39000169 PMCID: PMC11241012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the immune system relentlessly attacks intestinal cells, causing recurrent tissue damage over the lifetime of patients. The etiology of IBD is complex and multifactorial, involving environmental, microbiota, genetic, and immunological factors that alter the molecular basis of the organism. Among these, the microbiota and immune cells play pivotal roles; the microbiota generates antigens recognized by immune cells and antibodies, while autoantibodies target and attack the intestinal membrane, exacerbating inflammation and tissue damage. Given the altered molecular framework, the analysis of multiple molecular biomarkers in patients proves exceedingly valuable for diagnosing and prognosing IBD, including markers like C reactive protein and fecal calprotectin. Upon detection and classification of patients, specific treatments are administered, ranging from conventional drugs to new biological therapies, such as antibodies to neutralize inflammatory molecules like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and integrin. This review delves into the molecular basis and targets, biomarkers, treatment options, monitoring techniques, and, ultimately, current challenges in IBD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eguzkiñe Diez-Martin
- Research and Development Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leidi Hernandez-Suarez
- Research and Development Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Villafranca
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Basurto, Avda Montevideo 18, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire Martin-Souto
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research and Development Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang S, Kou GJ, Zhao XH, Huang G, Wang JX, Tian L, Zuo XL, Li YQ, Wang JY, Yu YB. Altered mucosal bacteria and metabolomics in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:25. [PMID: 38678229 PMCID: PMC11056063 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots, gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. Currently, most studies have investigated intestinal microbiota through fecal microbiota, and there are few reports about mucosa-associated microbiota. It remains valuable to search for the key intestinal microbiota or abnormal metabolic pathways linked to PJS. AIM This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with PJS and to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota disorders and metabolite changes on PJS. METHODS The bacterial composition was analyzed in 13 PJS patients and 12 controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for bacteria. Differential analyses of the intestinal microbiota were performed from the phylum to species level. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) was used to detect the differentially abundant metabolites of PJS patients and controls to identify different metabolites and metabolic biomarkers of small intestinal mucosa samples. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the mucosa microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls. The abundance of intestinal mucosal microflora was significantly lower than that of fecal microflora. In addition, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and other pathways were significantly different from those of controls, which were associated with the development of the enteric nervous system, intestinal inflammation and development of tumors. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the mucosa-associated microbiota and metabolite profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Jun Kou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue-Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beheshti Maal A, Shahrbaf MA, Sadri B, Hossein-Khannazer N, Mansournia MA, Vosough M. Prevalence of Hepatobiliary Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A GRADE Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of more than 1.7 Million Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:360-374. [PMID: 37695111 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] comprises an immune-mediated group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Patients with IBD may experience extraintestinal manifestations, such as hepatobiliary complications. This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence of different hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until July 20, 2022, by specifying keywords for IBD, hepatic manifestations, and study type. Full texts of cohort studies in English that examined the prevalence of different hepatic manifestations were included in this study. The primary outcome was the overall prevalence of hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. For the statistical analysis, a proportion by random effect model meta-analysis was performed. The registration number for the protocol of this study in PROSPERO is CRD42022369595. RESULTS From the 4421 articles retrieved from the primary search, 118 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. After a pooled analysis of 1 729 128 patients, the overall prevalence of hepatic manifestations was 3.49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.31-3.68%; I2: 99.55%). The pooled prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 228 216 patients was 26.1% [95% CI: 22.1-30.2%; I2: 99.018%]. After pooled analysis of 9642 patients, the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis was 1.67% [95% CI: 1.47-1.88%; I2: 99.10%]. The pooled prevalence of biliary stones was 4.1% [95% CI: 3.6-4.7%; I2: 97.43%]. Autoimmune hepatitis (0.51% [95% CI: 0.26-0.75%]; I2: 85.36%) and portal vein thrombosis (0.21% [95% CI: 0.08-0.33%]; I2: 97.95%) are considered as rare manifestations. CONCLUSION This study summarizes the prevalence and importance of different hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. These findings are crucial for the management of extraintestinal manifestations, especially hepatic manifestations, in IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Beheshti Maal
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sadri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Jiang F, Xu N, Dong G, Jiang J, Wang M, Li C, Li R. Anthocyanin Extracted from Purple Sweet Potato Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Suppressing Pyroptosis and Altering Intestinal Flora Structure. J Med Food 2024; 27:110-122. [PMID: 38181190 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of pelargonidin-3-galactoside (Pg3gal) produced from purple sweet potatoes on colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC). C57BL/6J mice were categorized into four groups (n = 6 per group): DSS+Pg3gal, control, control+Pg3gal, and DSS. Colitis was induced by providing free access to 3% DSS for 10 days. The DSS+Pg3gal model mice received DSS concurrently with intragastric Pg3gal (25 mg/kg). The health of the mice was carefully monitored on a regular basis, and scores for the Disease Activity Index (DAI) were documented. A histological assessment was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the extent of mucosal injury present. The expression levels of IL-6, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-Caspase-1, TNF-α, N-GSDMS, and cleaved-IL-1β proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The process of 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out to examine the composition and relative abundance of gut microbiotas within the intestines of the mice. The DAI results revealed that Pg3gal significantly attenuated the DSS-induced UC in mice. In addition, it successfully alleviated the decline in colon size, improved the condition of colonic tissue, and significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, in the colon tissues. Additionally, Pg3gal modulated the DSS-induced imbalanced gut microbiota, as evidenced by decreased Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres and simultaneous elevation in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. In summary, Pg3gal alleviated DSS-induced UC by inhibiting pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and enhancing the structural integrity of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guokai Dong
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection and Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiebang Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Public Experimental Research Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawal SA, Voisin A, Olof H, Bording-Jorgensen M, Armstrong H. Diversity of the microbiota communities found in the various regions of the intestinal tract in healthy individuals and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242242. [PMID: 38022505 PMCID: PMC10654633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by persistent inflammation and gut damage. There is an increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in IBD development and progression. However, studies of the complete microbiota composition (bacteria, fungi, viruses) from precise locations within the gut remain limited. In particular, studies have focused primarily on the bacteriome, with available methods limiting evaluation of the mycobiome (fungi) and virome (virus). Furthermore, while the different segments of the small and large intestine display different functions (e.g., digestion, absorption, fermentation) and varying microenvironment features (e.g., pH, metabolites), little is known about the biogeography of the microbiota in different segments of the intestinal tract or how this differs in IBD. Here, we highlight evidence of the differing microbiota communities of the intestinal sub-organs in healthy and IBD, along with method summaries to improve future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adefisoye Lawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Athalia Voisin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hana Olof
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Heather Armstrong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Gao Y, Cheng W, Su X, Yang R. Gut fungal mycobiome: A significant factor of tumor occurrence and development. Cancer Lett 2023; 569:216302. [PMID: 37451425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, archaea and protozoa coexists within the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as that fungi are detectable in all intestinal and colon segments in almost all healthy adults. Although fungi can cause infectious diseases, they are also related to gut and systemic homeostasis. Importantly, through transformation of different forms such as from yeast to hyphae, interaction among gut microbiota such as fungal and bacterial interaction, host factors such as immune and host derived factors, and fungus genetic and epigenetic factors, fungi can be transformed from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles. Recent studies have shown that fungi play a significant role in the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal cancer. Indeed, evidences have shown that multiple species of different fungi exist in different tumors. Studies have also demonstrated that fungi are related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and also survival of patients. Here we summarize recent advances in the transformation of fungi from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles, and the effects of gut pathogenic fungi on the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal and pancreatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenyue Cheng
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tejesvi MV, Turunen J, Salmi S, Reunanen J, Paalanne N, Tapiainen T. Delivery Mode and Perinatal Antibiotics Influence the Infant Gut Bacteriome and Mycobiome: A Network Analysis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:718. [PMID: 37504707 PMCID: PMC10381809 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both exposure to antibiotics at birth and delivery via Caesarean section influence the gut bacteriome's development in infants. Using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer sequencing on the Ion Torrent platform, we employed network analysis to investigate the bacterial and fungal interkingdom relationships in the gut microbiome from birth to age 18 months in a prospective cohort study of 140 infants. The gut microbiome at ages six and 18 months revealed distinctive microbial interactions, including both positive and negative associations between bacterial and fungal genera in the gut ecosystem. Perinatal factors, delivery mode and intrapartum antibiotic exposure affected the associations between bacterial and fungal species. In infants exposed and unexposed to perinatal antibiotics, the gut microbiome formed distinct networks for the bacteriome and mycobiome. The fungi Saccharomyces, Trichosporon, Pezoloma, Cystofilobasidium, Rigidoporus and Fomitopsis were strongly associated with exposure to antibiotics at birth. Hyaloscypha, Trichosporon, Fomitopsis and Vishniacozyma were strongly associated with the control group that was not exposed to antibiotics. Five distinct networks were formed according to delivery mode. The present study confirms that bacteria and fungi clearly interact in the infant gut ecosystem. Furthermore, perinatal factors appear to influence the relationships between bacteria and fungi in the developing gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mysore V Tejesvi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenni Turunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja Salmi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Disease Networks Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun M, Ju J, Xu H, Wang Y. Intestinal fungi and antifungal secretory immunoglobulin A in Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177504. [PMID: 37359518 PMCID: PMC10285161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of commensal microorganisms. Emerging evidence points to a possible link between intestinal fungal dysbiosis and antifungal mucosal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease, especially in Crohn's disease (CD). As a protective factor for the gut mucosa, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) prevents bacteria from invading the intestinal epithelium and maintains a healthy microbiota community. In recent years, the roles of antifungal SIgA antibodies in mucosal immunity, including the regulation of intestinal immunity binding to hyphae-associated virulence factors, are becoming increasingly recognized. Here we review the current knowledge on intestinal fungal dysbiosis and antifungal mucosal immunity in healthy individuals and in patients with CD, discuss the factors governing antifungal SIgA responses in the intestinal mucosa in the latter group, and highlight potential antifungal vaccines targeting SIgA to prevent CD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Studying Fungal-Bacterial Relationships in the Human Gut Using an In Vitro Model (TIM-2). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020174. [PMID: 36836289 PMCID: PMC9963012 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex microbial community found in the human gut consist of members of multiple kingdoms, among which are bacteria and fungi. Microbiome research mainly focuses on the bacterial part of the microbiota, thereby neglecting interactions that can take place between bacteria and fungi. With the rise of sequencing techniques, the possibilities to study cross-kingdom relationships has expanded. In this study, fungal-bacterial relationships were investigated using the complex, dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). Interactions were investigated by disruption of either the bacterial or fungal community by the addition of antibiotics or antifungals to TIM-2, respectively, compared to a control without antimicrobials. The microbial community was analyzed with the use of next generation sequencing of the ITS2 region and the 16S rRNA. Moreover, the production of SCFAs was followed during the interventions. Correlations between fungi and bacteria were calculated to investigate possible cross-kingdom interactions. The experiments showed that no significant differences in alpha-diversity were observed between the treatments with antibiotics and fungicide. For beta-diversity, it could be observed that samples treated with antibiotics clustered together, whereas the samples from the other treatments were more different. Taxonomic classification was done for both bacteria and fungi, but no big shifts were observed after treatments. At the level of individual genera, bacterial genus Akkermansia was shown to be increased after fungicide treatment. SCFAs levels were lowered in samples treated with antifungals. Spearman correlations suggested that cross-kingdom interactions are present in the human gut, and that fungi and bacteria can influence each other. Further research is required to gain more insights in these interactions and their molecular nature and to determine the clinical relevance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Turunen J, Paalanne N, Reunanen J, Tapiainen T, Tejesvi MV. Development of gut mycobiome in infants and young children: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02471-y. [PMID: 36670159 PMCID: PMC10382308 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the gut fungal microbiome, mycobiome, is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. Here we investigate how perinatal events influence the development of gut mycobiome. METHODS In this prospective cohort study of 140 infants, we used ITS gene sequencing of fecal samples from birth to the age of 18 months. We compared gut mycobiome composition according to delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotics during vaginal delivery. RESULTS At birth, gut mycobiome were dominated by the genus Candida, at 6-month stool samples by Malassezia and Cystofilobasidium, and the 18-month stool samples by Trichosporon and unidentified fungi. Perinatal factors altered mycobiome. At 18 months, gut mycobiome of infants born vaginally consisted mostly of Trichosporon (32%) and unidentified fungi (31%), while those born via Cesarean section delivery samples had mycobiome dominated by Saccharomyces (50%). At the age of 18 months, those exposed to intrapartum antibiotics had mycobiome dominated by Trichosporon (66%) not seen in those unexposed to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age. IMPACT The composition of the gut mycobiome is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. In this prospective cohort study, delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age. The impact of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on fungal microbiome in vaginally born infants, previously shown to influence gut bacteriome composition, may be explained by the interaction between bacteria and fungi. Gut mycobiome composition likely deserves further investigation in relation to gut microbiome and health in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Turunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mysore V Tejesvi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in the Human Gut of Healthy Individuals. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020139. [PMID: 36836254 PMCID: PMC9965947 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies of the microbiota in the human gut focus on the bacterial part, but increasing information shows that intestinal fungi are also important for maintaining health. This can be either by directly influencing the host or by indirectly influencing the gut bacteria that link to host health. Studies of fungal communities in large cohorts are scarce; therefore, this study aims at obtaining more insight into the mycobiome of healthy individuals and how this mycobiome interacts with the bacterial component of the microbiome. For this purpose, ITS2 and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 163 individuals which were available from two separate studies to analyze the fungal and bacterial microbiome, respectively, as well as the cross-kingdom interactions. The results showed a much lower fungal, as compared to bacterial, diversity. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla across all the samples, but levels varied enormously between individuals. The ten most abundant fungal genera were Saccharomyces, Candida, Dipodascus, Aureobasidium, Penicillium, Hanseniaspora, Agaricus, Debaryomyces, Aspergillus, and Pichia, and here also extensive inter-individual variation was observed. Correlations were made between bacteria and fungi, and only positive correlations were observed. One of the correlations was between Malassezia restricta and the genus Bacteroides, which have both been previously described as alleviated in IBD. Most of the other correlations found were with fungi that are not known as gut colonizers but originate from food and the environment. To further investigate the importance of the observed correlations found, more research is needed to discriminate between gut colonizers and transient species.
Collapse
|
13
|
Maas E, Penders J, Venema K. Modelling the Gut Fungal-Community in TIM-2 with a Microbiota from Healthy Individuals. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010104. [PMID: 36675926 PMCID: PMC9866872 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most research on the human microbiome focuses on the bacterial component, and this has led to a lack of information about the fungal component (mycobiota) and how this can influence human health, e.g., by modulation through the diet. The validated, dynamic computer-controlled model of the colon (TIM-2) is an in vitro model to study the microbiome and how this is influenced by interventions such as diet. In this study, it was used to the study the gut fungal-community. This was done in combination with next-generation sequencing of the ITS2 region for fungi and 16S rRNA for bacteria. Different dietary interventions (control diet (SIEM), high-carbohydrate, high-protein, glucose as a carbon source) were performed, to see if diet could shape the mycobiome. The mycobiome was investigated after the adaptation period, and throughout the intervention period which lasted 72 h, and samples were taken every 24 h. The fungal community showed low diversity and a greater variability when compared to bacteria. The mycobiome was affected most in the first hours of the adaptation period. Taxonomic classification showed that at the phylum-level Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated, while Agaricus, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillum, Malassezia, Saccharomyces, Aureobasidium, Mycosphaerella, Mucor and Clavispora were the most abundant genera. During the intervention period, it was shown that the change of diet could influence the diversity. Clustering of samples for different time points was analyzed using Bray−Curtis dissimilarities. Samples of t0 clustered together, and samples of all other time points clustered together. The Bray−Curtis-dissimilarity analysis also showed that for the different dietary interventions, samples treated with glucose clustered together and were different from the other groups (p < 0.05, PERMANOVA). Taxonomic classification showed that the genera Alternaria, Thanatephorus, Candida and Dekkera differentially changed for the various diet groups (p < 0.05, Kruskal−Wallis). These results show that the mycobiota could be modelled in TIM-2; however, the low diversity and high variability make studying fungal, as compared to bacterial, communities, much more challenging. Future research should focus on the optimization of the stability of the fungal community to increase the strength of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evy Maas
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, Villa Floraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands
- Euregional Microbiome Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Euregional Microbiome Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, Villa Floraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands
- Euregional Microbiome Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-622435111
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Gut–Immune–Brain Axis: An Important Route for Neuropsychiatric Morbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911111. [PMID: 36232412 PMCID: PMC9570400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety and depression. Both conditions strongly worsen IBD disease burden. In the present review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety in IBD. We present a stepwise cascade along a gut–immune–brain axis initiated by evasion of chronic intestinal inflammation to pass the epithelial and vascular barrier in the gut and cause systemic inflammation. We then summarize different anatomical transmission routes of gut-derived peripheral inflammation into the central nervous system (CNS) and highlight the current knowledge on neuroinflammatory changes in the CNS of preclinical IBD mouse models with a focus on microglia, the brain-resident macrophages. Subsequently, we discuss how neuroinflammation in IBD can alter neuronal circuitry to trigger symptoms like depression and anxiety. Finally, the role of intestinal microbiota in the gut–immune–brain axis in IBD will be reviewed. A more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system and the CNS accounting for the similarities and differences between UC and CD will pave the path for improved prediction and treatment of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mulberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091674. [PMID: 36139747 PMCID: PMC9496020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry has attracted wide attention due to its substantial nutritional values. This work first studied the protective effect of mulberry anthocyanins (MAS) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The mice experiment was designed as four groups including normal mice (Control), dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-fed mice, and DSS plus 100 mg/kg·bw MAS-fed mice (LMAS-DSS) or DSS plus 200 mg/kg·bw MAS-fed mice (HMAS-DSS). Mice were given MAS by gavage for 1 week, and then DSS was added to the drinking water for 7 days. MAS was administered for a total of 17 days. The results showed that oral gavage of MAS reduced the disease activity index (DAI), prevented colon shortening, attenuated colon tissue damage and inflammatory response, suppressed colonic oxidative stress and restored the protein expression of intestinal tight junction (TJ) protein (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-3) in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In addition, analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences showed that MAS reduced the DSS-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, including a reduction in Escherichia-Shigella, an increase in Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae and Allobaculum. Collectively, MAS alleviates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the intestinal barrier, modulating inflammatory cytokines, and improving the microbial community.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang S, Huang G, Wang JX, Tian L, Zuo XL, Li YQ, Yu YB. Altered Gut Microbiota in Patients With Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881508. [PMID: 35910641 PMCID: PMC9326469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots and gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. It remains unknown whether gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to PJS. Aim This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, including both bacteria and fungi, in patients with PJS and investigate the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and PJS pathogenesis. Methods The bacterial and fungal composition of the fecal microbiota was analyzed in 23 patients with PJS (cases), 17 first-degree asymptomatic relatives (ARs), and 24 healthy controls (HCs) using 16S (MiSeq) and ITS2 (pyrosequencing) sequencing for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Differential analyses of the intestinal flora were performed from the phylum to species level. Results Alpha-diversity distributions of bacteria and fungi indicated that the abundance of both taxa differed between PJS cases and controls. However, while the diversity and composition of fecal bacteria in PJS cases were significantly different from those in ARs and HCs, fungal flora was more stable. High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the fecal bacterial and fungal microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls, with a higher frequency of the Proteobacteria phylum, Enterobacteriaceae family, and Escherichia-Shigella genus, and a lower frequency of the Firmicutes phylum and the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families. Of fungi, Candida was significantly higher in PJS cases than in controls. Conclusion The findings reported here confirm gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with PJS. This is the first report on the bacterial and fungal microbiota profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jue-Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Bo Yu
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olyaiee A, Sadeghi A, Yadegar A, Mirsamadi ES, Mirjalali H. Gut Microbiota Shifting in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Mysterious Role of Blastocystis sp. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:890127. [PMID: 35795640 PMCID: PMC9251125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.890127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder, which its causative agent is not completely clear; however, the interaction between microorganisms and gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells plays a critical role in the development of IBS and presenting symptoms. During recent decades, many studies have highlighted the high prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in patients with IBS and suggested a probable role for this protist in this disease. Recent studies have documented changes in the gut microbiota composition in patients with IBS regarding the presence of Blastocystis sp., but it is not clear that either disturbance of the gut during GI disorders is a favorable condition for Blastocystis sp. colonization or the presence of this protist may lead to alteration in the gut microbiota in IBS patients. In this review, we comprehensively gather and discuss scientific findings covering the role of Blastocystis sp. in IBS via gut microbiota shifting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Olyaiee
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mycobiota composition and changes across pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Sci Rep 2022; 12:9192. [PMID: 35654937 PMCID: PMC9163055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut mycobiota has never been studied either during pregnancy or in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM). This study aimed to analyze the fecal mycobiota of GDM patients during the second (T2) and third (T3) trimester of pregnancy and to compare it with the mycobiota of pregnant normoglycemic women (controls). Forty-one GDM patients and 121 normoglycemic women were studied. GDM mycobiota was composed almost exclusively by the Ascomycota phylum; Basidiomicota accounted for 43% of the relative frequency of the controls. Kluyveromyces (p < 0.001), Metschnikowia (p < 0.001), and Pichia (p < 0.001) showed a significantly higher frequency in GDM patients, while Saccharomyces (p = 0.019), were more prevalent in controls. From T2 to T3, a reduction in fungal alpha diversity was found in GDM patients, with an increase of the relative frequency of Candida, and the reduction of some pro-inflammatory taxa. Many associations between fungi and foods and nutrients were detected. Finally, several fungi and bacteria showed competition or co-occurrence. Patients with GDM showed a predominance of fungal taxa with potential inflammatory effects when compared to normoglycemic pregnant women, with a marked shift in their mycobiota during pregnancy, and complex bacteria-fungi interactions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sarvestani HK, Ramandi A, Getso MI, Razavyoon T, Javidnia J, Golrizi MB, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Ansari S. Mass spectrometry in research laboratories and clinical diagnostic: a new era in medical mycology. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:689-707. [PMID: 35344203 PMCID: PMC9151960 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis by clinical mycology laboratory plays a critical role in patient care by providing definitive knowledge of the cause of infection and antimicrobial susceptibility data to physicians. Rapid diagnostic methods are likely to improve patient. Aggressive resuscitation bundles, adequate source control, and appropriate antibiotic therapy are cornerstones for success in the treatment of patients. Routine methods for identifying clinical specimen fungal pathogen are based on the cultivation on different media with the subsequent examination of its phenotypic characteristics comprising a combination of microscopic and colony morphologies. As some fungi cannot be readily identified using these methods, molecular diagnostic methods may be required. These methods are fast, but it can cost a lot. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs. It can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a microbiological laboratory. The reliability and accuracy of this method have been scrutinized in many surveys and have been compared with several methods including sequencing and molecular methods. According to these findings, the reliability and accuracy of this method are very high and can be trusted. With all the benefits of this technique, the libraries of MALDI-TOF MS need to be strengthened to enhance its performance. This review provides an overview of the most recent research literature that has investigated the applications and usage of MT-MS to the identification of microorganisms, mycotoxins, antifungal susceptibility examination, and mycobiome research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Kamali Sarvestani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ramandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, PMB, Kano, 3011, Nigeria
| | - Taraneh Razavyoon
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Miaad Banay Golrizi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenic Role and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073464. [PMID: 35408838 PMCID: PMC8998182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbe-host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although individual members of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with experimental IBD, identifying microorganisms that affect disease susceptibility and phenotypes in humans remains a considerable challenge. Currently, the lack of a definition between what is healthy and what is a dysbiotic gut microbiome limits research. Nevertheless, although clear proof-of-concept of causality is still lacking, there is an increasingly evident need to understand the microbial basis of IBD at the microbial strain, genomic, epigenomic, and functional levels and in specific clinical contexts. Recent information on the role of diet and novel environmental risk factors affecting the gut microbiome has direct implications for the immune response that impacts the development of IBD. The complexity of IBD pathogenesis, involving multiple distinct elements, suggests the need for an integrative approach, likely utilizing computational modeling of molecular datasets to identify more specific therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
21
|
Microbiome, Mycobiome and Related Metabolites Alterations in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome—A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030218. [PMID: 35323661 PMCID: PMC8951583 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) has a rapidly growing worldwide prevalence, affecting over 1 billion people. MetSyn is clustering many pathological conditions, which, untreated, could increase the risk and often lead to more severe metabolic defects such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many data demonstrate the complex role of gut microbiota in the host metabolism, and hence, deciphering the microbiome patterns linked to MetSyn could enable us for novel diagnosis and monitoring markers and for better disease management. Moreover, interventions designed to alter patient microbiome composition may help prevent or decrease morbidity linked with MetSyn. However, the microbiome composition is largely different across geographically distinct populations. Our study investigated the microbiota and mycobiome patterns in Romanian metabolic syndrome patients. We also correlated the identified microbiome–mycobiome patterns with levels of metabolites important for host health such as short chain fatty acids, organic acids, and taurine. We found that MetSyn patients are harboring a microbiome enriched in Enterobacteriaceae, Turicibacter sp., Clostridium coccoides, and Clostridium leptum, while beneficial taxa such as Butyricicoccus sp., Akkermansia muciniphila, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were decreased. These microbiome changes were correlated with lower butyrate levels and increased succinate. In terms of mycobiome signatures, MetSyn was associated with a high abundance of Saccharomyces and Aspergillus species. Our data are the first reported on a Romanian population and confirming that the pathogenesis of MetSyn is closely related to gut microbiome and homeostasis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu Y, Ye Z, Wu M, She Y, Li L, Xu Y, Qin K, Hu Z, Yang M, Lu F, Ye Q. The Communication Between Intestinal Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploration of Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766126. [PMID: 34966755 PMCID: PMC8710685 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The prolonged course of UC and the lack of effective treatment management make it difficult to cure, affecting the health and life safety of patients. Although UC has received more attention, the etiology and pathogenesis of UC are still unclear. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an updated and comprehensive understanding of UC and explore effective treatment strategies. Notably, sufficient evidence shows that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UC, and the treating method aimed at improving the balance of the intestinal microbiota exhibits a therapeutic potential for UC. This article reviews the relationship between the genetic, immunological and microbial risk factors with UC. At the same time, the UC animal models related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by chemical drugs were evaluated. Finally, the potential value of the therapeutic strategies for restoring intestinal microbial homeostasis and treating UC were also investigated. Comprehensively, this study may help to carry out preclinical research, treatment theory and methods, and health management strategy of UC, and provide some theoretical basis for TCM in the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqi She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fating Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Houshyar Y, Massimino L, Lamparelli LA, Danese S, Ungaro F. Going Beyond Bacteria: Uncovering the Role of Archaeome and Mycobiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:783295. [PMID: 34938203 PMCID: PMC8685520 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.783295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multifaceted class of relapsing-remitting chronic inflammatory conditions where microbiota dysbiosis plays a key role during its onset and progression. The human microbiota is a rich community of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, and archaea, and is an integral part of the body influencing its overall homeostasis. Emerging evidence highlights dysbiosis of the archaeome and mycobiome to influence the overall intestinal microbiota composition in health and disease, including IBD, although they remain some of the least understood components of the gut microbiota. Nonetheless, their ability to directly impact the other commensals, or the host, reasonably makes them important contributors to either the maintenance of the mucosal tissue physiology or to chronic intestinal inflammation development. Therefore, the full understanding of the archaeome and mycobiome dysbiosis during IBD pathogenesis may pave the way to the discovery of novel mechanisms, finally providing innovative therapeutic targets that can soon implement the currently available treatments for IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Massimino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pane S, Ristori MV, Gardini S, Russo A, Del Chierico F, Putignani L. Clinical Parasitology and Parasitome Maps as Old and New Tools to Improve Clinical Microbiomics. Pathogens 2021; 10:1550. [PMID: 34959505 PMCID: PMC8704233 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that dysbiotic gut microbiota may correlate with a wide range of disorders; hence, the clinical use of microbiota maps and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can be exploited in the clinic of some infectious diseases. Through direct or indirect ecological and functional competition, FMT may stimulate decolonization of pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, modulating immune response and colonic inflammation, and restoring intestinal homeostasis, which reduces host damage. Herein, we discuss how diagnostic parasitology may contribute to designing clinical metagenomic pipelines and FMT programs, especially in pediatric subjects. The consequences of more specialized diagnostics in the context of gut microbiota communities may improve the clinical parasitology and extend its applications to the prevention and treatment of several communicable and even noncommunicable disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pane
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Unit of Microbiomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.V.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Ristori
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Unit of Microbiomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.V.R.); (A.R.)
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandra Russo
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Unit of Microbiomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.V.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Unit of Microbiomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.V.R.); (A.R.)
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zajączkowska Ż, Akutko K, Kváč M, Sak B, Szydłowicz M, Hendrich AB, Iwańczak B, Kicia M. Enterocytozoon Bieneusi Infects Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Undergoing Immunosuppressive Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:741751. [PMID: 34660646 PMCID: PMC8514695 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.741751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to intestinal opportunistic infections due to both defective mucosal immunity and altered immune response resulting from immunosuppressive treatment. Microsporidia infecting the gastrointestinal tract and causing diarrhoea can potentially affect the course of IBD. Methods: Stool samples (90 IBD children and 121 healthy age-matched controls) were screened for Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Results:E. bieneusi genotype D was found in seven out of 90 (7.8%) IBD children. No children from the control group were infected, making the pathogen prevalence in the IBD group significant (P = 0.002). Furthermore, infection was confirmed only in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment (P = 0.013). Conclusions: Children with IBD are at risk of intestinal E. bieneusi infection, especially when receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, microsporidia should be considered as a significant infectious agent in this group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Zajączkowska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Akutko
- Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martin Kváč
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Ceské Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Bohumil Sak
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Ceské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Magdalena Szydłowicz
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej B Hendrich
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Iwańczak
- Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Kicia
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sultan S, El-Mowafy M, Elgaml A, Ahmed TAE, Hassan H, Mottawea W. Metabolic Influences of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715506. [PMID: 34646151 PMCID: PMC8502967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic medical disorders characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation. While the etiology of IBD is still unknown, the pathogenesis of the disease results from perturbations in both gut microbiota and the host immune system. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBD is characterized by depleted diversity, reduced abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and enriched proinflammatory microbes such as adherent/invasive E. coli and H2S producers. This dysbiosis may contribute to the inflammation through affecting either the immune system or a metabolic pathway. The immune responses to gut microbiota in IBD are extensively discussed. In this review, we highlight the main metabolic pathways that regulate the host-microbiota interaction. We also discuss the reported findings indicating that the microbial dysbiosis during IBD has a potential metabolic impact on colonocytes and this may underlie the disease progression. Moreover, we present the host metabolic defectiveness that adds to the impact of symbiont dysbiosis on the disease progression. This will raise the possibility that gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with IBD results in functional perturbations of host-microbiota interactions, and consequently modulates the disease development. Finally, we shed light on the possible therapeutic approaches of IBD through targeting gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Sultan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed El-Mowafy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Tamer A E Ahmed
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hebatoallah Hassan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qu Y, Li X, Xu F, Zhao S, Wu X, Wang Y, Xie J. Kaempferol Alleviates Murine Experimental Colitis by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Axis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679897. [PMID: 34367139 PMCID: PMC8339999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is an established characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC). Regulating the gut microbiota is an attractive alternative UC treatment strategy, considering the potential adverse effects of synthetic drugs used to treat UC. Kaempferol (Kae) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoid derived from a variety of medicinal plants. In this study, we determined the efficacy and mechanism of action of Kae as an anti-UC agent in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. DSS challenge in a mouse model of UC led to weight loss, diarrhea accompanied by mucous and blood, histological abnormalities, and shortening of the colon, all of which were significantly alleviated by pretreatment with Kae. In addition, intestinal permeability was shown to improve using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran administration. DSS-induced destruction of the intestinal barrier was also significantly prevented by Kae administration via increases in the levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Furthermore, Kae pretreatment decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and downregulated transcription of an array of inflammatory signaling molecules, while it increased IL-10 mRNA expression. Notably, Kae reshaped the intestinal microbiome by elevating the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio; increasing the linear discriminant analysis scores of beneficial bacteria, such as Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae; and reducing the richness of Proteobacteria in DSS-challenged mice. There was also an evident shift in the profile of fecal metabolites in the Kae treatment group. Serum LPS levels and downstream TLR4-NF-κB signaling were downregulated by Kae supplementation. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation from Kae-treated mice to the DSS-induced mice confirmed the effects of Kae on modulating the gut microbiota to alleviate UC. Therefore, Kae may exert protective effects against colitis mice through regulating the gut microbiota and TLR4-related signaling pathways. This study demonstrates the anti-UC effects of Kae and its potential therapeutic mechanisms, and offers novel insights into the prevention of inflammatory diseases using natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Qu
- Inner Mongolia Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fengying Xu
- Inner Mongolia Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiming Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Berthelot JM, Darrieutort-Laffite C, Trang C, Maugars Y, Le Goff B. Contribution of mycobiota to the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 88:105245. [PMID: 34166798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review lists current evidences for a contribution of gut mycobiota to the pathogenesis of SpA and related conditions. Gut mycobiota has a small size as compared to bacterial microbiota, but an even greater inter- and intra-individual variability. Although most fungi (brought by food or air) are only transitory present, a core mycobiota of gut resident fungi exists, and interplays with bacteria in a complex manner. A dysbiosis of this gut mycobiota has been observed in Crohn's disease and sclerosing cholangitis, with decreased proportion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and outgrowth of more pathogenic gut fungi. Fungal-induced lower number of commensal gut bacteria can promote translocation of some bacterial/fungal antigens through mucosae, and live fungi can also cross the epithelial border in Crohn's disease. This dysbiosis also lower the ability of bacteria to metabolize tryptophan into regulatory metabolites, consequently enhancing tryptophan metabolism within human cells, which might contribute to fatigue. Translocation of mycobiotal antigens like curdlan (beta-glucan), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SpA in the SGK mice, has been observed in humans. This translocation of fungal antigens in human SpA might account for the anti-Saccharomyces antibodies found in this setting. Contribution of fungal antigens to psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa would fit with the preferential homing of fungi in the skin area most involved in those conditions. Fungal antigens also possess autoimmune uveitis-promoting function. As genes associated with SpA (CARD9 and IL23R) strongly regulate the innate immune response against fungi, further studies on fungi contribution to SpA are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Berthelot
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France.
| | | | - Caroline Trang
- Service de gastro-entérologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Yves Maugars
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Benoît Le Goff
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Blesl A, Stadlbauer V. The Gut-Liver Axis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031018. [PMID: 33801133 PMCID: PMC8004151 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis describes the physiological interplay between the gut and the liver and has important implications for the maintenance of health. Disruptions of this equilibrium are an important factor in the evolution and progression of many liver diseases. The composition of the gut microbiome, the gut barrier, bacterial translocation, and bile acid metabolism are the key features of this cycle. Chronic cholestatic liver diseases include primary sclerosing cholangitis, the generic term secondary sclerosing cholangitis implying the disease secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients and primary biliary cirrhosis. Pathophysiology of these diseases is not fully understood but seems to be multifactorial. Knowledge about the alterations of the gut-liver axis influencing the pathogenesis and the outcome of these diseases has considerably increased. Therefore, this review aims to describe the function of the healthy gut-liver axis and to sum up the pathological changes in these cholestatic liver diseases. The review compromises the actual level of knowledge about the gut microbiome (including the mycobiome and the virome), the gut barrier and the consequences of increased gut permeability, the effects of bacterial translocation, and the influence of bile acid composition and pool size in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Furthermore, therapeutic implications and future scientific objectives are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blesl
- Division for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Division for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|