1
|
Myrissa K, Court C, Kelaiditi E. Cross-sectional study examining the association between diet quality and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in UK undergraduate students. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 38940391 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health issues among UK undergraduate students is growing, and poor diet quality appears to be a risk factor for poor mental health although with limited research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between diet quality and common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression and anxiety in UK undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey consisting of demographic information and validated questionnaires (the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire [SFFFQ] and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) was conducted to measure diet quality and anxiety and depression in young adults in 44 UK-based universities. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors was used to assess the associations between them. Undergraduate university students (n = 202, 67% female) with a mean age of 20.9 ± 3.6 years and a mean body mass index (n = 170) of 22.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2 took part in the study. Prevalence of anxiety was high, with 40% of the sample having an anxiety score in the severe range (≥12 points) while the prevalence of depression was lower, with 6% of the population having a depression score in the severe range (≥12 points). Diet quality was significantly higher for females than males (p = 0.034) and was poor for 38% of the sample, being more common in males compared to females, although not significantly so (43% and 36%, respectively). Diet quality was inversely associated with anxiety (β = -0.427; p = 0.029) and was more likely to be associated with anxiety in females than males (β = 0.743; p = 0.043). No significant relationship between diet quality and depression was found. Better self-reported health, father's qualification and smoking status were also associated with less anxiety and depression. This research supports other research suggesting that UK universities should explore whether the implementation of dietary interventions and improving the food environment would be a cost-effective option to reduce the high prevalence of anxiety among students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Myrissa
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Catherine Court
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Eirini Kelaiditi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huider F, Milaneschi Y, Hottenga JJ, Bot M, Rietman ML, Kok AAL, Galesloot TE, 't Hart LM, Rutters F, Blom MT, Rhebergen D, Visser M, Brouwer I, Feskens E, Hartman CA, Oldehinkel AJ, de Geus EJC, Kiemeney LA, Huisman M, Picavet HSJ, Verschuren WMM, van Loo HM, Penninx BWJH, Boomsma DI. Genomics Research of Lifetime Depression in the Netherlands: The BIObanks Netherlands Internet Collaboration (BIONIC) Project. Twin Res Hum Genet 2024; 27:1-11. [PMID: 38497097 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2024.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this cohort profile article we describe the lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) database that has been established as part of the BIObanks Netherlands Internet Collaboration (BIONIC). Across the Netherlands we collected data on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lifetime MDD diagnosis in 132,850 Dutch individuals. Currently, N = 66,684 of these also have genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We initiated this project because the complex genetic basis of MDD requires large population-wide studies with uniform in-depth phenotyping. For standardized phenotyping we developed the LIDAS (LIfetime Depression Assessment Survey), which then was used to measure MDD in 11 Dutch cohorts. Data from these cohorts were combined with diagnostic interview depression data from 5 clinical cohorts to create a dataset of N = 29,650 lifetime MDD cases (22%) meeting DSM-5 criteria and 94,300 screened controls. In addition, genomewide genotype data from the cohorts were assembled into a genomewide association study (GWAS) dataset of N = 66,684 Dutch individuals (25.3% cases). Phenotype data include DSM-5-based MDD diagnoses, sociodemographic variables, information on lifestyle and BMI, characteristics of depressive symptoms and episodes, and psychiatric diagnosis and treatment history. We describe the establishment and harmonization of the BIONIC phenotype and GWAS datasets and provide an overview of the available information and sample characteristics. Our next step is the GWAS of lifetime MDD in the Netherlands, with future plans including fine-grained genetic analyses of depression characteristics, international collaborations and multi-omics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floris Huider
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Liset Rietman
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Almar A L Kok
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Mental health Institute GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn Huisman
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M van Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of semi-purified diet on depressive behaviors in aged mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101152. [PMID: 34703907 PMCID: PMC8521119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a key modifiable factor influencing the composition of gut microbiota. There are two types of commercially available diets for experimental animals: non-purified and semi-purified diets. Non-purified diets are composed of complex ingredients from multiple sources, while semi-purified diets are formulated with refined ingredients. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated a link between the gut microbiota and depression, and feed ingredients may influence depressive physiology and behaviors. To test this hypothesis, we examined how chronic non-purified (CRF-1) and semi-purified (AIN-93G) diets affected phenotypes, including depressive behaviors, plasma corticosterone levels, and small-intestine microbiota in young (2 months old) and aged (22 months old) inbred C57BL/JJcl mice. In young mice, similar phenotypes were associated with non-purified and semi-purified diets. However, in aged mice, semi-purified diets increased depressive behaviors in the tail suspension (P < 0.05) and forced swimming tests (P < 0.01). The corticosterone levels were similar between the two diets under normal rearing conditions. However, immediately after exposure to the stressful conditions of the forced swimming test, the corticosterone levels in the aged mice fed the semi-purified diet were higher than those of mice fed the non-purified diet (P < 0.05). There were fewer Lactobacillales in the small intestines of aged mice fed the semi-purified diet compared to those fed the non-purified diet (P < 0.01). Further, α-diversity was lower in aged mice fed the semi-purified versus non-purified diet (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that host physiology and gut microbiota differed according to whether the aged mice were fed a non-purified or semi-purified diet. Specifically, those fed the semi-purified diet were more vulnerable to stress than age-matched mice fed the non-purified diet. Our findings indicate that researchers should consider the effects of feed ingredients on depressive physiology and behaviors, and select diets that are appropriate for their particular research design. Further, identification of the ingredients in non-purified diets could facilitate examination of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota composition might increase resistance to stress and depression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Owens M, Watkins E, Bot M, Brouwer IA, Roca M, Kohls E, Penninx BWJH, Grootheest G, Hegerl U, Gili M, Visser M. Nutrition and depression: Summary of findings from the EU‐funded MooDFOOD depression prevention randomised controlled trial and a critical review of the literature. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Owens
- Department of Psychology University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - E. Watkins
- Department of Psychology University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - M. Bot
- Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - I. A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Science Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Roca
- Institut Universitari d’ Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS/IDISBA) Rediapp University of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - E. Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Faculty University Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - B. W. J. H. Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. Grootheest
- Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - U. Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Goethe‐University Frankfurt Germany
| | - M. Gili
- Institut Universitari d’ Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS/IDISBA) Rediapp University of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - M. Visser
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Science Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Winkens LHH, Elstgeest LEM, van Strien T, Penninx BWJH, Visser M, Brouwer IA. Does food intake mediate the association between mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms? Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1532-1542. [PMID: 31957621 PMCID: PMC10200545 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019003732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine mediation by (i) diet quality and (ii) diet quantity in the associations of mindful eating domains with 3-year change in depressive symptoms. DESIGN Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Four mindful eating domains (Focused Eating; Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues; Eating with Awareness; Eating without Distraction) were measured with the Mindful Eating Behavior Scale. Food intake was measured with a 238-item FFQ. Diet quality was defined as the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Diet quantity was defined as total energy intake (kcal/d; 1 kcal = 4·184 kJ). Mediation analyses with percentile-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals were conducted to calculate indirect effects. SETTING Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 55 years or above (n 929). RESULTS Diet quality (MDS) did not mediate associations of any of the four mindful eating domains with change in depressive symptoms. In contrast, total energy intake did mediate the associations with change in depressive symptoms for the mindful eating domains Eating with Awareness (indirect effects fully adjusted models: B = -0·014, 95 % CI -0·037, -0·002) and Eating without Distraction (B = -0·013, 95 % CI -0·033, -0·001), but not for the other two domains. Post hoc multiple mediation analyses showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Higher scores on two mindful eating domains were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms through lower total energy intake. Diet quantity, but not diet quality, could be a possible underlying mechanism in the associations between mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LHH Winkens
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LEM Elstgeest
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T van Strien
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - BWJH Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - IA Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Impact of Nutrition and Intestinal Microbiome on Elderly Depression-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030710. [PMID: 32156003 PMCID: PMC7146624 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to systematically review the evidence whether proper nutrition has a positive impact on the prevention or decline of depressive symptoms among elderly people. In addition, possible connections between nutrition, microbiome, and serotonin molecules and its tryptophan precursor are discussed. The methodology follows the PRISMA guidelines, including the PRISMA flow chart. The authors systematically reviewed peer-review, English-written articles published in Web of Science and PubMed between 2013 and 2018. The findings of six original articles, detected on the set inclusion and exclusion criteria, indicate that there is an association between nutrition and depressive symptoms in the target group, i.e., that proper nutrition has a positive impact on the prevention or reduction of depressive symptoms among elderly people. The findings also reveal that there is a considerable correlation between the intakes of vitamin B and a decrease in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sufficient nutrient intake of tryptophan appears to be an important factor in terms of nutrition and serotonin levels in the body. The authors consider it important to explore associations between the overall dietary intake and depression since diets are not consumed as individual nutrients. Returning to preventive approaches seems to be a rational way to promote the mental health of seniors. Future studies thus need to include interdisciplinary collaboration: from a good diagnosis of the disease by a psychiatrist, through an analysis of the need for nutrient metabolism by a biochemist to the development of a nutritional plan by a nutritional therapist. The limitations of this review consist in a relatively small number of the studies on this topic, including just few randomized controlled trials, which are a guarantee of efficacy and objectivity in comparison with cross-sectional studies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Linking What We Eat to Our Mood: A Review of Diet, Dietary Antioxidants, and Depression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090376. [PMID: 31491962 PMCID: PMC6769512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that diet and nutrition play significant roles in the prevention of depression and its clinical treatment. The present review aims to provide a clear understanding of the associations between diet patterns, specific foods, nutrients such as antioxidants, and depression. As a result, balanced dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet and certain foods such as fish, fresh vegetables, and fruits have been associated with a lower risk of depression or depressive symptoms, while high-fat Western diets and sugar-sweetened beverages have been associated with higher risk of depression or depressive symptoms. Dietary antioxidants such as green tea polyphenols or isoflavonoid intake have been negatively associated with depression or depressive symptoms. It is concluded that diet patterns, specific foods, and antioxidants play important roles in the prevention and clinical treatment of depression.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dietary Patterns Are Related to Clinical Characteristics in Memory Clinic Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline: The SCIENCe Project. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051057. [PMID: 31083522 PMCID: PMC6566666 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As nutrition is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, we studied the relationship between dietary quality and clinical characteristics in cognitively normal individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). We included 165 SCD subjects (age: 64 ± 8 years; 45% female) from the SCIENCe project, a prospective memory clinic based cohort study on SCD. The Dutch Healthy Diet Food Frequency Questionnaire (DHD-FFQ) was used to assess adherence to Dutch guidelines on vegetable, fruit, fibers, fish, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, salt and alcohol intake (item score 0-10, higher score indicating better adherence). We measured global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination), cognitive complaints (Cognitive Change Index self-report; CCI) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D). Using principal component analysis, we identified dietary components and investigated their relation to clinical characteristics using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex and education. We identified three dietary patterns: (i) "low-Fat-low-Salt", (ii) "high-Veggy", and (iii) "low-Alcohol-low-Fish". Individuals with lower adherence on "low-Fat-low-Salt" had more depressive symptoms (β -0.18 (-2.27--0.16)). Higher adherence to "high-Veggy" was associated with higher MMSE scores (β 0.30 (0.21-0.64)). No associations were found with the low-Alcohol-low-Fish component. We showed that in SCD subjects, dietary quality was related to clinically relevant outcomes. These findings could be useful to identify individuals that might benefit most from nutritional prevention strategies to optimize brain health.
Collapse
|
9
|
Factors Affecting Consumer Food Preferences: Food Taste and Depression-Based Evoked Emotional Expressions with the Use of Face Reading Technology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2097415. [PMID: 31119155 PMCID: PMC6500715 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2097415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several factors (social status, age, gender, education, knowledge about healthy eating, and attitude to food) affecting consumer food choices (FC), including the relationship between the taste of food, FC, and depression, were analysed by using sensory traits and face reading technology. The first stage of the experimental scheme was the analysis of factors affecting consumer food preferences by using a questionnaire, while the second stage was evaluation of emotional expressions evoked by different food tastes in individuals with and without depressive disorders (DD), using the FaceReader 6 software. We show that gender is a significant factor for most emotional motivations, with a higher effect in females where there was an indication of increased cravings for sweets when feeling depressed. Age was a significant factor in the motivation to eat for positive feelings, while education had a significant influence on perceptions regarding healthy eating. Face reading technology was found to be sufficiently accurate to detect differences in facial expressions induced by different tastes of food, for groups with and without DD. In conclusion, many factors are of high importance in the analysis of food choices, and the results obtained using the FaceReader 6 technique are very promising for food-mood relation analysis. We suggest that mood has a strong link with the choice of food.
Collapse
|
10
|
Winkens LHH, van Strien T, Brouwer IA, Penninx BWJH, Visser M, Lähteenmäki L. Associations of mindful eating domains with depressive symptoms and depression in three European countries. J Affect Disord 2018; 228:26-32. [PMID: 29202443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of mindful eating domains with depressive symptoms and depression in three European countries. Moderation by change in appetite-with increased appetite as marker for depression with atypical features - was also tested. METHODS Data were collected in Denmark (n = 1522), Spain (n = 1512) and the Netherlands (n = 1439). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses segregated by country were used to test associations of four mindful eating domains (Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale; MEBS) with depressive symptoms (continuous score on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D) and depression (score above the CES-D cut-off value, and/or use of antidepressants, and/or psychological treatment). Moderation by change in appetite was tested with bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. RESULTS The domains Focused Eating, Eating with Awareness and Eating without Distraction were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms and depression in all three countries (e.g. Focused Eating Denmark: B = - 0.71, 95% CI: - 0.87, - 0.54; OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.93). The domain Hunger and Satiety Cues (only measured in the Netherlands) was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms in the adjusted models (B = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.16), but not with depression (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.05). These associations were found for both people with and without increased appetite. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design, which makes it impossible to draw causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that higher scores on three mindful eating domains are consistently associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms and a lower likelihood of having depression in three European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H H Winkens
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands.
| | - T van Strien
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
| | - L Lähteenmäki
- MAPP Centre, Department of Management, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|