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Aramburu A, Dolores-Maldonado G, Curi-Quinto K, Cueva K, Alvarado-Gamarra G, Alcalá-Marcos K, Celis CR, Lanata CF. Effect of reducing saturated fat intake on cardiovascular disease in adults: an umbrella review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1396576. [PMID: 38887252 PMCID: PMC11180890 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to explore the effect of the reduction of saturated fat (SAF) intake on cardiovascular disease, mortality and other health-related outcomes in adults. Methods We conducted an umbrella review, searching Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases for systematic reviews from December 1, 2012, to December 1, 2022. We have included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. We extracted effect sizes (95%CI), heterogeneity (I 2), and evidence quality rating based on the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes. Results 21 meta-analyses were included (three were from RCTs, and 18 were from cohort studies). Among meta-analyses of RCTs, 15 of the 45 associations were significant. The effect of reduction in SAF intake on combined cardiovascular events (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.66-0.93) was graded as having moderate certainty of evidence. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer deaths, and other cardiovascular events. Among meta-analyses of cohort studies, five of the 19 associations were significant. There was an increase in coronary heart disease mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.21) and breast cancer mortality (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09-2.09) in participants with higher SFA intake compared to reduced SFA. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and other cardiovascular events. Conclusion This umbrella review found the reduction in SAF intake probably reduces cardiovascular events and other health outcomes. However, it has little or no effect on cardiovascular mortality and mortality from other causes. More high-quality clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed.Systematic review registration: CRD42022380859.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Aramburu
- Centro de Promoción de Estilos de Vida Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Science Health, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Gandy Dolores-Maldonado
- Centro de Promoción de Estilos de Vida Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru
| | - Katherine Curi-Quinto
- Centro de Promoción de Estilos de Vida Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Cueva
- Centro de Promoción de Estilos de Vida Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra
- Centro de Promoción de Estilos de Vida Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos R. Celis
- Centro de Promoción de Estilos de Vida Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio F. Lanata
- Centro de Promoción de Estilos de Vida Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, Peru
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Ekanayaka RA, de Silva P, Ekanayaka MK, Jayathilake W, Pathirana R, Amaratunga Y, De Silva PJ, Perera B. Effect of different forms of coconut on the lipid profile in normal free-living healthy subjects: A randomized controlled trial (Phase II). GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 7:100138. [PMID: 38357247 PMCID: PMC10864760 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It has been postulated that the lipid effects of coconut could be mediated by its fatty acids, fiber and lysine/arginine ratio. Hence, the lipid effects of coconut oil could be different from the effects of the kernel flakes or milk extract because the constituents could be different in each coconut preparation. The present research investigated the lipid effects of different modes of coconut used in food preparation. Methods This study involved a total of 190 participants, randomized into four groups, which received coconut oil supplement (30 ml) (n = 53), kernel flakes (30 g) (n = 52) or coconut milk powder (30 g) (n = 44) for a period of 8 weeks. The control group (n = 41) received no supplement. Lipid assays were performed at baseline and at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks. The generalized estimating equations (GEE), ANOVA, and paired and independent t-tests were used in the analysis. Result The age range of the participants was 25-60 years, and 52.6% of them (n = 100) were men. Coconut milk supplementation induced beneficial changes in the lipid profile in that the LDL and non-HDL levels decreased while the HDL levels increased. The subgroup whose baseline LDL level was elevated appeared to benefit most from coconut milk supplementation. Coconut oil and kernel flakes failed to induce favorable lipid changes comparable to coconut milk supplementation. Conclusion Differing concentrations of protein, fat and fiber in coconut preparations could possibly explain the dissimilar effects on the lipid profile caused by the different coconut preparations. The benefits of coconut milk seen in the high basal LDL subgroup warrant a detailed study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R.P.M.M.R. Pathirana
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Bilesha Perera
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
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Malý M, Kučerka O, Bechyňská K, Kočí K, Mandys V, Hajšlová J, Kosek V. Plasma lipidome differences in patients with and without significant carotid plaque. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107377. [PMID: 38705432 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke, and early detection of advanced atherosclerosis in the carotid artery is important for reducing morbidity and mortality. What is even more important is not only detection of atherosclerosis but early determination whether the patients are at high risk of an event with adverse effects as the size of the plaque does not necessarily reflect its potential to trigger such events. AIM We studied whether plasma lipidomics profile can be used as a diagnostic tool for stratification of stable or unstable plaques without the need of removing the carotid plaque. METHODS This study used liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry lipidomics to characterize lipid profiles in patients' plasma and found that patients with significant and complicated (vulnerable) atherosclerotic plaque had distinct lipid profiles compared to those with insignificant plaques. RESULTS The lipid classes that were most predictive of vulnerable plaque were lysophosphoethanolamines, fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids, free fatty acids, plasmalogens, and triacylglycerols. Most of these compounds were found decreased in plasma of patients with unstable plaques which enabled sufficient performance of a statistical model used for patient stratification. CONCLUSIONS Plasma lipidomes measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry show differences in patients with stable and unstable carotid plaques, therefore these compounds could potentially be used as biomarkers for unstable plaque in future clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Malý
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital, Prague 16902, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kučerka
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital, Prague 16902, Czech Republic; Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove 50002, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Bechyňská
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Kočí
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital, Prague 16902, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Mandys
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kosek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
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Ranjbar YR, Nasrollahzadeh J. Comparison of the impact of saturated fat from full-fat yogurt or low-fat yogurt and butter on cardiometabolic factors: a randomized cross-over trial. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1213-1224. [PMID: 38367032 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dairy foods are often a major contributor to dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake. However, different SFA-rich foods may not have the same effects on cardiovascular risk factors. We compared full-fat yogurt with low-fat yogurt and butter for their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals. METHODS Randomized, two-period crossover trial conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 among 30 healthy men and women (15 to receive full-fat yogurt first, and 15 to receive low-fat yogurt and butter first). Participants consumed a diet with 1.5-2 servings of full-fat (4%) yogurt or low-fat (< 1.5) yogurt and 10-15 g of butter per day for 4 weeks, with 4 weeks wash-out when they consumed 1.5-2 servings of low-fat milk. At baseline, and the end of each 4 weeks, fasting blood samples were drawn and plasma lipids, glycemic and inflammatory markers as well as expression of some genes in the blood buffy coats fraction were determined. RESULTS All 30 participants completed the two periods of the study. Apolipoprotein B was higher for the low-fat yogurt and butter [changes from baseline, + 10.06 (95%CI 4.64 to 15.47)] compared with the full-fat yogurt [-4.27 (95%CI, -11.78 to 3.23)] and the difference between two treatment periods was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Non-high-density lipoprotein increased for the low-fat yogurt and butter [change, + 5.06 (95%CI (-1.56 to 11.69) compared with the full-fat yogurt [change, - 4.90 (95%CI, -11.61 to 1.81), with no significant difference between two periods (p = 0.056). There were no between-period differences in other plasma lipid, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers or leukocyte gene expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 and CD36. CONCLUSION This study suggests that short-term intake of SFAs from full-fat yogurt compared to intake from butter and low-fat yogurt has fewer adverse effects on plasma lipid profile. CLINICALTRIALS GOV: NCT05589350, 10/15/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Rajabpour Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
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Chaudron Y, Boyer C, Marmonier C, Plourde M, Vachon A, Delplanque B, Taouis M, Pifferi F. A vegetable fat-based diet delays psychomotor and cognitive development compared with maternal dairy fat intake in infant gray mouse lemurs. Commun Biol 2024; 7:609. [PMID: 38769408 PMCID: PMC11106064 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy fat has a unique lipid profile; it is rich in short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids that induce ketone production and has a balanced ω6/ω3 ratio that promotes cognitive development in early life. Moreover, the high consumption of vegetable oils in pregnant and lactating women raises concerns regarding the quality of lipids provided to offspring. Here, we investigate maternal dairy fat intake during gestation and lactation in a highly valuable primate model for infant nutritional studies, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Two experimental diets are provided to gestant mouse lemurs: a dairy fat-based (DF) or vegetable fat-based diet (VF). The psychomotor performance of neonates is tested during their first 30 days. Across all tasks, we observe more successful neonates born to mothers fed a DF diet. A greater rate of falls is observed in 8-day-old VF neonates, which is associated with delayed psychomotor development. Our findings suggest the potential benefits of lipids originating from a lactovegetarian diet compared with those originating from a vegan diet for the psychomotor development of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Chaudron
- UMR CNRS MNHN 7179, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France.
| | - Constance Boyer
- Centre national interprofessionnel de l'économie laitière, 42 rue de Châteaudun, 75314, Paris cedex 09, France
| | - Corinne Marmonier
- Centre national interprofessionnel de l'économie laitière, 42 rue de Châteaudun, 75314, Paris cedex 09, France
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, 1036 Belvédère sud, Sherbrooke, J1H 4C4, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, 1036 Belvédère sud, Sherbrooke, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Bernadette Delplanque
- UMR 9197, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroPSI), University of Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 151 route de la Rotonde, F-91400, Saclay, France
| | - Mohammed Taouis
- UMR 9197, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroPSI), University of Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 151 route de la Rotonde, F-91400, Saclay, France
| | - Fabien Pifferi
- UMR CNRS MNHN 7179, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France.
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Muñoz-Alvarez KY, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R, Frigolet ME. Metabolic effects of milk fatty acids: A literature review. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:19-39. [PMID: 38226553 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are known to have a significant role in human development and tissue maintenance due to their high nutritional value. With the higher incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases, nutrition and public health authorities have recommended the intake of fat-free or low-fat dairy due to the saturated fatty acid content of whole-fat products and their effect on serum cholesterol levels. However, recent studies have questioned the association between milk fat consumption and cardiometabolic risk. This literature review aims to compile the scientific evidence of the metabolic effects of milk fatty acids in clinical and basic research studies, as well as their relationship with metabolic disorders and gut microbiota composition. Research shows that various milk fatty acids exert effects on metabolic alterations (obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) by modifying glucose homeostasis, inflammation and lipid profile-related factors. Additionally, recent studies have associated the consumption of milk fatty acids with the production of metabolites and the promotion of healthy gut microbiota. From mainly observational studies, evidence suggests that milk and dairy fatty acids are not directly linked to cardiometabolic risk, but further controlled research is necessary to clarify such findings and to assess whether dietary recommendations to choose low-fat dairy foods are necessary for the population for the prevention of obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Y Muñoz-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México 'Federico Gómez' (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México 'Federico Gómez' (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Frigolet
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México 'Federico Gómez' (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Auclair O, Eustachio Colombo P, Milner J, Burgos SA. Partial substitutions of animal with plant protein foods in Canadian diets have synergies and trade-offs among nutrition, health and climate outcomes. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:148-157. [PMID: 38365909 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines emphasize the consumption of plant protein foods, but the implications of replacing animal with plant sources on a combination of diet sustainability dimensions are unknown. Using a combination of data from a national nutrition survey, greenhouse gas emissions from dataFIELD and relative risks from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, we assess the impact of partially substituting red and processed meat or dairy with plant protein foods in Canadian self-selected diets on nutrition, health and climate outcomes. The substitutions induced minor changes to the percentage of the population below requirements for nutrients of concern, but increased calcium inadequacy by up to 14% when dairy was replaced. Replacing red and processed meat or dairy increased life expectancy by up to 8.7 months or 7.6 months, respectively. Diet-related greenhouse gas emissions decreased by up to 25% for red and processed meat and by up to 5% for dairy replacements. Co-benefits of partially substituting red and processed meat with plant protein foods among nutrition, health and climate outcomes are relevant for reshaping consumer food choices in addressing human and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Auclair
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia Eustachio Colombo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James Milner
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Burgos
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Griffin BA, Lovegrove JA. Saturated fat and CVD: importance of inter-individual variation in the response of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38282001 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the history in support of the role of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the controversy and consensus for the evidence in support of guidelines to remove and replace SFA with unsaturated fatty acids. The review will also examine the existence, origins, and implications for CVD risk of variability in serum LDL-cholesterol in response to these guidelines. While the quality of supporting evidence for the efficacy of restricting SFA on CVD risk has attracted controversy, this has helped to increase understanding of the inter-relationships between SFA, LDL-cholesterol and CVD, and reinforce confidence in this dietary recommendation. Nevertheless, there is significant inter-individual variation in serum LDL-C in response to this dietary change. The origins of this variation are multi-factorial and involve both dietary and metabolic traits. If serum biomarkers of more complex metabolic traits underlying LDL-responsiveness can be identified, this would have major implications for the targeting of these dietary guidelines to LDL-responders, to maximise the benefit to their cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Griffin
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
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Zhang M, Dong X, Huang Z, Li X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhu H, Fang A, Giovannucci EL. Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1170-1186. [PMID: 37328108 PMCID: PMC10509445 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This umbrella review aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of current evidence from prospective studies on the diverse health effects of cheese consumption. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify meta-analyses/pooled analyses of prospective studies examining the association between cheese consumption and major health outcomes from inception to August 31, 2022. We reanalyzed and updated previous meta-analyses and performed de novo meta-analyses with recently published prospective studies, where appropriate. We calculated the summary effect size, 95% prediction confidence intervals, between-study heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance bias for each health outcome. We identified 54 eligible articles of meta-analyses/pooled analyses. After adding newly published original articles, we performed 35 updated meta-analyses and 4 de novo meta-analyses. Together with 8 previous meta-analyses, we finally included 47 unique health outcomes. Cheese consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (highest compared with lowest category: RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99), incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98), stroke (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.97), type 2 diabetes (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), total fracture (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), and dementia (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.99). Null associations were found for other outcomes. According to the NutriGrade scoring system, moderate quality of evidence was observed for inverse associations of cheese consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, incident CVD, CHD, and stroke, and for null associations with cancer mortality, incident hypertension, and prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that cheese consumption has neutral to moderate benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocong Dong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihui Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyao Wang
- Chinese Nutrition Society Academy of Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Brayner B, Perez-Cornago A, Kaur G, Keske MA, Piernas C, Livingstone KM. Cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns characterized by fat type with markers of cardiometabolic health. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:797-808. [PMID: 36890071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individual dietary fats can differentially impact on cardiometabolic health. However, their impact within a dietary pattern is not well understood, and warrants comparison with diet quality scores with a dietary fat focus. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional associations between a posteriori dietary patterns characterized by fat type and cardiometabolic health markers, and compare these with two diet quality scores. METHODS AND RESULTS UK Biobank adults with ≥two 24-h dietary assessments and data on cardiometabolic health were included (n = 24 553; mean age: 55.9 y). A posteriori dietary patterns (DP1; DP2) were generated through reduced rank regression (response variables: SFA, MUFA, PUFA). Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns were created. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between standardized dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein [CRP], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]). DP1, positively correlated with SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs, characterized by higher nuts, seeds and vegetables intake and lower fruits and low-fat yoghurt intake, was associated with lower HDL-C (β: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.03) and triglycerides (-0.17; -0.23, -0.10) and higher LDL-C (0.07; 0.01,0.12), CRP (0.01; 0.01, 0.03) and HbA1c (0.16; 0.11,0.21). DP2, positively correlated with SFAs, negatively correlated with PUFAs, characterized by higher butter and high-fat cheese intake and lower nuts, seeds and vegetable intake, was associated with higher total cholesterol (0.10; 0.01, 0.21), VLDL-C (0.05; 0.02, 0.07), triglycerides (0.07; 0.01, 0.13), CRP (0.03; 0.02, 0,04) and HbA1c (0.06; 0.01, 0.11). Higher adherence to MDS and DASH was associated with favorable cardiometabolic health markers concentration. CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method used, dietary patterns that encourage healthy fat consumption were associated with favorable cardiometabolic health biomarkers. This study strengthens the evidence for incorporation of dietary fat type into policy and practice guidelines for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brayner
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Carmen Piernas
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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Asioli D, Zhou X, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Vanhatalo A, Givens D, Rondoni A, Turpeinen A. Consumers’ Valuation for Low - Carbon Emission and Low – Saturated Fat Butter. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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