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Spectrum of NPHS1 and NPHS2 variants in egyptian children with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis: identification of six novel variants and founder effect. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:689-698. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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2
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Mahwish UN, Pasha M, Heera B, Raju SB, Jahan P. Implication of podocin promoter variant haplotype in south Indian diabetic kidney patients. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The advent of next gene sequencing technology has led to the publication of a profusion of papers on monogenic contributions to pediatric kidney disorders. It started with the discovery of mutations in the podocin gene in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). It is realized now that genetic disorders contribute to about 30% of chronic renal diseases in children, and significantly to many other kidney disorders. This paper covers briefly the new genetic technologies, the benefits of genetic testing, and the indication for genetic testing in various kidney disorders. It covers SRNS, congenital anomalies of the kidney, cystic kidney disease, tubulopathies, nephronophthisis, Fabry disease, Alport and Lowe syndrome. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal tubular acidosis and nephrolithiasis are also covered briefly. It is hoped that this paper will encourage the pediatricians to investigate monogenic disorders of the kidney as it helps in their proper classification, informs prognosis, suggests specific treatment and aids in genetic and reproductive counseling.
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Ahmed HM, Morgan DS, Doudar NA, Naguib MS. High Serum Endothelin-1 Level is Associated with Poor Response to Steroid Therapy in Childhood-Onset Nephrotic Syndrome. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2020; 30:769-774. [PMID: 31464232 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.265451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common kidney diseases seen in children. It is a disorder characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, and generalized edema resulting from alterations of permeability at the glomerular capillary wall. Endothelin-1 (ET1) has a central role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis and has a role in assessment of the clinical course of NS in children. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ET1 serum level and the response to steroid therapy in children with primary NS. Serum ET1 levels were evaluated in 55 children with NS. They were classified into two groups: 30 patients with steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) and 25 patients with steroid-resistant NS (SRNS). The SSNS group was further divided into infrequent-relapsing NS (IFRNS) and steroid-dependent NS (SDNS), while the SRNS group was subdivided into two groups according to renal pathology. ET1 levels were significantly higher in the SRNS group (52.5 ± 45.8 pg/dL) compared to the SSNS group (18.3 ± 17 pg/dL) (P <0.001). Furthermore, ET1 levels were significantly higher in SDNS (54.3 ± 18.6) compared to IFRNS (11.9 ± 7.8, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in ET1 levels between minimal change disease group and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis group, (P = 0.28). Serum ET1 can be considered as a predictor for response to steroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mostafa Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Dalia S Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A Doudar
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mariam S Naguib
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Zhang WN, Yang L, He SS, Qin XM, Li AP. Metabolomics coupled with integrative pharmacology reveal the protective effect of FangjiHuangqi Decoction against adriamycin-induced rat nephropathy model. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:525-533. [PMID: 31252309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the society, the number of people who got the nephrotic syndrome (NS) is going up roughly. Therefore, finding a better way to treat NS is becoming a major global public health issue. As we all know, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially Fangji Huangqi Decoction (FHD), has a long history and has good curative effects on NS. However, the mechanism of FHD treating NS has not been clearly elucidated. To address this problem, a feasible system was developed by metabolomics and integrative pharmacology approach. To study the mechanisms of Chinese medical formula FHD treating NS based on metabolomics and integrative pharmacology. In this study, a NMR based metabolomics approach coupled with biochemical assay and Western Blot had been employed to study the protective effect of FHD against adriamycin-induced nephropathy using rat model. And we proposed a integrative pharmacology-based method, which combined chemical ingredients database building, target identification and network analysis. These were aimed to decipher the mechanisms of action for the FHD in NS treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that 13 of 16 perturbed metabolites could be reversed by FHD, and the MetaboAnalyst analysis revealed that the anti-nephrotic syndrome effect of FHD was probably related with regulation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle, pyruvate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. The integrative pharmacology analysis revealed 93 potential targets for FHD, and suggested that the protective effect of FHD on the nephrotic syndrome was probably related with the regulation of immune, and energy metabolic and fatty acid metabolic. In addition, both the metabolomics and the integrative pharmacology are focus together on the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathway. These metabolites changes and the core targets changes, as well as the metabolite-target pathway network provide insights into the mechanisms of FHD treating nephrotic syndrome, and further studies are needed to validate the bioactive compounds responsible for the anti-nephrotic syndrome effect of FHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Ning Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Sheng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Ping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Joshi BB, Mistry KN, Gang S, Koringa PG, Joshi CG. Characterization of NPHS2 gene polymorphisms associated to steroid resistance nephrotic syndrome in Indian children. Gene 2017; 628:134-140. [PMID: 28712774 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the common glomerular disease in children. These children are treated with steroids, depending upon their behavior. They are either steroid sensitive (SSNS) or steroid resistant (SRNS). NPHS2 gene mutants are linked to the risk of autosomal recessive SRNS and in some cases to SSNS. The present study has been performed to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NPHS2 gene in a group of 90 Indian children suffering with NS (30 SSNS, 30 SRNS and 30 Controls) by PCR method followed by direct exon sequencing. Effect of SNPs on fold expression changes at transcript level of podocin was checked using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). SNPs identified through sequencing helps to carry out in-silico analysis. Overall 17 SNPs were identified in NPHS2 gene where 6 were found novel. Three missense SNPs p.R299Q, p.P20L and p.G35D were also identified in this population where SNP, p.G35D was found novel. In addition to sequencing analysis, results of in silico analysis shows that a mutant with these three missense SNPs has least ligand binding efficiency compared to native model. Moreover the significant observation of this study included two intronic SNPs c.451+23C>T and c.451+58A>T present in SRNS group of patients. These SNPs has shown high level of clinical significance within genomic and allelic frequency along with haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium count. The qRT-PCR analysis shows, down expression of podocin protein at transcript level in SRNS patients compared to SSNS patients. All these results support the fact that SNPs present in this population could affect the protein structural stability. Thus it is concluded that the polymorphisms predicted in this study might be disease causing in the NPHS2 gene and may have influence on the therapeutic response of NS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomi B Joshi
- Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India
| | - Kinnari N Mistry
- Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120, India.
| | - Sishir Gang
- Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Dr. V.V. Desai Road, Nadiad 387 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash G Koringa
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, India
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NPHS2 Mutations: A Closer Look to Latin American Countries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7518789. [PMID: 28785586 PMCID: PMC5529630 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7518789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common kidney pathologies in childhood, being characterized by proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. In clinical practice, it is divided into two categories based on the response to steroid therapy: steroid-sensitive and steroid resistant. Inherited impairments of proteins located in the glomerular filtration barrier have been identified as important causes of nephrotic syndrome, with one of these being podocin, coded by NPHS2 gene. NPHS2 mutations are the most frequent genetic cause of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. The aim of this review is to update the list of NPHS2 mutations reported between June 2013 and February 2017, with a closer look to mutations occurring in Latin American countries.
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Thomas MM, Abdel-Hamid MS, Mahfouz NN, Ghobrial EE. Genetic mutation in Egyptian children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 117:48-53. [PMID: 28385484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Nephrotic syndrome is the commonest etiology of proteinuria in children. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is defined by resistance to standard steroid therapy, and it continues to be one of the most intractable etiologies of renal failure. Molecular studies discovered specialized molecules in podocytes that play a role in proteinuria. Mutations in NPHS2 that encodes for podocin constitute a frequent cause of SRNS worldwide. This study aimed to screen for podocin mutations in SRNS Egyptian children and their parents. METHODS Our study included patients from 10 unrelated Egyptian families diagnosed with SRNS. Mutational analysis of the NPHS2 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the whole coding region of the gene and direct sequencing. RESULTS Positive consanguinity was detected in five cases, and four of them had a positive family history of SRNS in a family member. Mutational analysis of NPHS2 revealed pathogenic mutations in four cases (40%) including a novel missense in one patient (c.1A>T; p.M1L). CONCLUSION Our study concludes that mutations of NPHS2 gene are common among Egyptian children with SRNS. We support a model where ethnicity plays an important role in specific NPHS2 mutations, since a novel mutation was found in one patient in this study. Future study on a large number of Egyptian patients with SRNS is warranted to identify the actual genetic contribution of this gene in the development of SRNS in our population, which might help in patients' prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Micheal Thomas
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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WT1 and NPHS2 gene mutation analysis and clinical management of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:177-181. [PMID: 27885584 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease predominantly present in children with idiopathic condition; final stage of the disease progresses into end-stage renal disease. Generally, NS is treated using standard steroid therapy, however; most of the children are steroid sensitive and about 15-20% are non-responders (SRNS). Non-responsiveness of these children would be a risk with the possibility of mutational changes in podocyte genes (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, PLCE1). The mutation in podocyte genes is associated with SRNS. NPHS1, NPHS2, and WT1 genes are identified/directly linked to SRNS. The present study is a surveillance on the mutation analysis of WT1 (exons 8 and 9) and NPHS2 (exons 1-8) gene in SRNS followed by clinical management. In the present study, we analyzed these two genes in a total of 117 SRNS (73 boys and 44 girls) children. A total of five mutations were detected in six children. First, WT1 mutation was detected at 9th intron-IVS 9 + 4C > T position in one SRNS female patient. This WT1 mutation was identified in a girl having Frasier Syndrome (FS) with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and a complete sex reversal found through molecular and karyological screening. In NPHS2, missense mutations of P20L (in two children), P316S, and p.R229Q, and a frame shift mutation of 42delG were detected. Thus, applying molecular investigation helped us to decide on treatment plan of SRNS patients, mainly to avoid unnecessary immunosuppressive treatment.
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Lu L, Sun XM, Yin Y, Huang YF, Wang M, Wan H, Wei LB, Xiao W. The amino acid mutations of the podocin in proteinuria: a meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2015. [PMID: 26211502 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1067129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While many previous studies have reported an association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the podocin and proteinuria occurred, a conclusive relationship has not been defined in every oligoallelic state of amino acid (AA) mutations in podocin. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of the published data to investigate the impact of the oligoallelic AA mutations of the podocin on proteinuria; a total 16 AA mutations were investigated for oligoallelic pathogenicity. Despite significant heterogeneity within some of the comparisons, the results revealed significantly higher risks of proteinuria in early-onset (onset age <16) individuals for five mutations (P118L, R138Q, R168H, V180M, and V260E), and in all onset ages individuals for five mutations (R138Q, G140X, R229Q, V260E, and V290M) compared to non-variant individuals. We also tested the steroid response in individuals with R229Q and E237Q. No statistically significant differences in the two mutations carrier rate were observed between steroid resistance patients and controls. No AA mutation was selected for meta-analysis on the recurrence of proteinuria after renal transplantation as lack of control data. In conclusion, our meta-analysis tested the pathogenicity of the oligoallelic AA mutations in podocin and suggested the potential causative mutations, and the alleles showing an association with protein susceptibility. The sensitivity and specificity of each causative mutation are pending further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-ming Sun
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yi Yin
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China .,b Department of Nephrology , Southern Medical University TCM-Integrated Hospital , Guangzhou , China .,c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Yan-feng Huang
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China .,b Department of Nephrology , Southern Medical University TCM-Integrated Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Wang
- c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Heng Wan
- d Department of Endocrinology , The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lian-Bo Wei
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China .,b Department of Nephrology , Southern Medical University TCM-Integrated Hospital , Guangzhou , China .,c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Wei Xiao
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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