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Chialva M, Stelluti S, Novero M, Masson S, Bonfante P, Lanfranco L. Genetic and functional traits limit the success of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a tomato wild relative. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:4275-4292. [PMID: 38953693 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
To understand whether domestication had an impact on susceptibility and responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we investigated two tomato cultivars ("M82" and "Moneymaker") and a panel of wild relatives including S. neorickii, S. habrochaites and S. pennellii encompassing the whole Lycopersicon clade. Most genotypes revealed good AM colonisation levels when inoculated with the AMF Funneliformis mosseae. By contrast, both S. pennellii accessions analysed showed a very low colonisation, but with normal arbuscule morphology, and a negative response in terms of root and shoot biomass. This behaviour was independent of fungal identity and environmental conditions. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed in S. pennellii the lack of genes identified within QTLs for AM colonisation, a limited transcriptional reprogramming upon mycorrhization and a differential regulation of strigolactones and AM-related genes compared to tomato. Donor plants experiments indicated that the AMF could represent a cost for S. pennellii: F. mosseae could extensively colonise the root only when it was part of a mycorrhizal network, but a higher mycorrhization led to a higher inhibition of plant growth. These results suggest that genetics and functional traits of S. pennellii are responsible for the limited extent of AMF colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chialva
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Stelluti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simon Masson
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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2
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He J, Huang R, Xie X. A gap in the recognition of two mycorrhizal factors: new insights into two LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1418699. [PMID: 39372858 PMCID: PMC11452846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1418699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are crucial components of the plant microbiota and can form symbioses with 72% of land plants. Researchers have long known that AM symbioses have dramatic effects on plant performance and also provide multiple ecological services in terrestrial environments. The successful establishment of AM symbioses relies on the host plant recognition of the diffusible mycorrhizal (Myc) factors, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs). Among them, the short-chain COs such as CO4/5 secreted by AM fungi are the major Myc factors in COs. In this review, we summarize current advances, develop the concept of mycorrhizal biceptor complex (double receptor complexes for Myc-LCOs and CO4/5 in the same plant), and provide a perspective on the future development of mycorrhizal receptors. First, we focus on the distinct perception of two Myc factors by different host plant species, highlighting the essential role of Lysin-Motif (LysM)-type mycorrhizal receptors in perceiving them. Second, we propose the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors in various plants recognize both the Myc-LCOs and -COs. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the biceptor complex (Myc-LCO and -CO receptors) in dicots to facilitate the utilization of them in cereal crops (particularly in modern cultivated rice). In conclusion, our understanding of the precise perception processes during host plant interacting with AM fungi, where LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors act as recruiters, provides the tools to design biotechnological applications addressing agricultural challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renliang Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Meresa BK, Ayimut KM, Weldemichael MY, Geberemedhin KH, Kassegn HH, Geberemikael BA, Egigu EM. Carbohydrate elicitor-induced plant immunity: Advances and prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34871. [PMID: 39157329 PMCID: PMC11327524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The perceived negative impacts of synthetic agrochemicals gave way to alternative, biological plant protection strategies. The deployment of induced resistance, comprising boosting the natural defense responses of plants, is one of those. Plants developed multi-component defense mechanisms to defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses. These are activated upon recognition of stress signatures via membrane-localized receptors. The induced immune responses enable plants to tolerate and limit the impact of stresses. A systemic cascade of signals enables plants to prime un-damaged tissues, which is crucial during secondary encounters with stress. Comparable stress tolerance mechanisms can be induced in plants by the application of carbohydrate elicitors such as chitin/chitosan, β-1,3-glucans, oligogalacturonides, cellodextrins, xyloglucans, alginates, ulvans, and carrageenans. Treating plants with carbohydrate-derived elicitors enable the plants to develop resistance appliances against diverse stresses. Some carbohydrates are also known to have been involved in promoting symbiotic signaling. Here, we review recent progresses on plant resistance elicitation effect of various carbohydrate elicitors and the molecular mechanisms of plant cell perception, cascade signals, and responses to cascaded cues. Besides, the molecular mechanisms used by plants to distinguish carbohydrate-induced immunity signals from symbiotic signals are discussed. The structure-activity relationships of the carbohydrate elicitors are also described. Furthermore, we forwarded future research outlooks that might increase the utilization of carbohydrate elicitors in agriculture in order to improve the efficacy of plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Kahsay Meresa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kiros-Meles Ayimut
- Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Micheale Yifter Weldemichael
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kalayou Hiluf Geberemedhin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Hailu Kassegn
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Bruh Asmelash Geberemikael
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Etsay Mesele Egigu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Fukuda H, Mamiya R, Akamatsu A, Takeda N. Two LysM receptor-like kinases regulate arbuscular mycorrhiza through distinct signaling pathways in Lotus japonicus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:519-525. [PMID: 38796729 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Rin Mamiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Akira Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
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Zhang X, Jia S, He Y, Wen J, Li D, Yang W, Yue Y, Li H, Cheng K, Zhang X. Wall-associated kinase GhWAK13 mediates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2180-2194. [PMID: 38095050 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall is the major interface for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. However, the roles of cell wall proteins and cell wall synthesis in AM symbiosis remain unclear. We reported that a novel wall-associated kinase 13 (GhWAK13) positively regulates AM symbiosis and negatively regulates Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. GhWAK13 transcription was induced by AM symbiosis and Verticillium dahliae (VD) infection. GhWAK13 is located in the plasma membrane and expressed in the arbuscule-containing cortical cells of mycorrhizal cotton roots. GhWAK13 silencing inhibited AM colonization and repressed gene expression of the mycorrhizal pathway. Moreover, GhWAK13 silencing improved Verticillium wilt resistance and triggered the expression of immunity genes. Therefore, GhWAK13 is considered an immune suppressor required for AM symbiosis and disease resistance. GhWAK7A, a positive regulator of Verticillium wilt resistance, was upregulated in GhWAK13-silenced cotton plants. Silencing GhWAK7A improved AM symbiosis. Oligogalacturonides application also suppressed AM symbiosis. Finally, GhWAK13 negatively affected the cellulose content by regulating the transcription of cellulose synthase genes. The results of this study suggest that immunity suppresses AM symbiosis in cotton. GhWAK13 affects AM symbiosis by suppressing immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Shuangjie Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yiming He
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jingshang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Wan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Ying Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Huiling Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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Zhang J, Sun J, Chiu CH, Landry D, Li K, Wen J, Mysore KS, Fort S, Lefebvre B, Oldroyd GED, Feng F. A receptor required for chitin perception facilitates arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and distinguishes root symbiosis from immunity. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1705-1717.e6. [PMID: 38574729 PMCID: PMC11037463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants establish symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to facilitate nutrient uptake, particularly in nutrient-limited conditions. This partnership is rooted in the plant's ability to recognize fungal signaling molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides (chitin) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides. In the legume Medicago truncatula, chitooligosaccharides trigger both symbiotic and immune responses via the same lysin-motif-receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs), notably CERK1 and LYR4. The nature of plant-fungal engagement is opposite according to the outcomes of immunity or symbiosis signaling, and as such, discrimination is necessary, which is challenged by the dual roles of CERK1/LYR4 in both processes. Here, we describe a LysM-RLK, LYK8, that is functionally redundant with CERK1 for mycorrhizal colonization but is not involved in chitooligosaccharides-induced immunity. Genetic mutation of both LYK8 and CERK1 blocks chitooligosaccharides-triggered symbiosis signaling, as well as mycorrhizal colonization, but shows no further impact on immunity signaling triggered by chitooligosaccharides, compared with the mutation of CERK1 alone. LYK8 interacts with CERK1 and forms a receptor complex that appears essential for chitooligosaccharides activation of symbiosis signaling, with the lyk8/cerk1 double mutant recapitulating the impact of mutations in the symbiosis signaling pathway. We conclude that this novel receptor complex allows chitooligosaccharides activation specifically of symbiosis signaling and helps the plant to differentiate between activation of these opposing signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jongho Sun
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Chai Hao Chiu
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - David Landry
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe-Environment Interactions (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Kangping Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe-Environment Interactions (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK.
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Han R, Yang Z, Wang C, Zhu S, Tang G, Shen X, Duanmu D, Cao Y, Huang R. Wild species rice OsCERK1DY-mediated arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis boosts yield and nutrient use efficiency in rice breeding. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:22. [PMID: 38435473 PMCID: PMC10907559 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Meeting the ever-increasing food demands of a growing global population while ensuring resource and environmental sustainability presents significant challenges for agriculture worldwide. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) has emerged as a potential solution by increasing the surface area of a plant's root system and enhancing the absorption of phosphorus, nitrogen nutrients, and water. Consequently, there is a longstanding hypothesis that rice varieties exhibiting more efficient AMS could yield higher outputs at reduced input costs, paving the way for the development of Green Super Rice (GSR). Our prior research study identified a variant, OsCERK1DY, derived from Dongxiang wild-type rice, which notably enhanced AMS efficiency in the rice cultivar "ZZ35." This variant represents a promising gene for enhancing yield and nutrient use efficiency in rice breeding. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of biomass, crop growth characteristics, yield attributes, and nutrient absorption at varying soil nitrogen levels in the rice cultivar "ZZ35" and its chromosome single-segment substitution line, "GJDN1." In the field, GJDN1 exhibited a higher AM colonization level in its roots compared with ZZ35. Notably, GJDN1 displayed significantly higher effective panicle numbers and seed-setting rates than ZZ35. Moreover, the yield of GJDN1 with 75% nitrogen was 14.27% greater than the maximum yield achieved using ZZ35. At equivalent nitrogen levels, GJDN1 consistently outperformed ZZ35 in chlorophyll (Chl) content, dry matter accumulation, major nutrient element accumulation, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency (NRE), and N partial factor productivity (NPFP). The performance of OsCERK1DY overexpression lines corroborated these findings. These results support a model wherein the heightened level of AMS mediated by OsCERK1DY contributes to increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation. This enhancement in nutrient utilization promotes higher fertilizer efficiency, dry matter accumulation, and ultimately, rice yield. Consequently, the OsCERK1DY gene emerges as a robust candidate for improving yield, reducing fertilizer usage, and facilitating a transition towards greener, lower-carbon agriculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01459-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicai Han
- Nanchang Subcenter of National Research Center for Rice Engineering, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanchang, 330200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Nanchang Subcenter of National Research Center for Rice Engineering, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanchang, 330200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Wang
- Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang, 330200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Nanchang Subcenter of National Research Center for Rice Engineering, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanchang, 330200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Tang
- Nanchang Subcenter of National Research Center for Rice Engineering, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanchang, 330200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Shen
- Nanchang Subcenter of National Research Center for Rice Engineering, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanchang, 330200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Nanchang Subcenter of National Research Center for Rice Engineering, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanchang, 330200 People’s Republic of China
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Geurts R, Huisman R. Innovations in two genes kickstarted the evolution of nitrogen-fixing nodules. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102446. [PMID: 37696726 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The root nodule symbiosis between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is a fascinating trait limited to several plant species. Given the agronomic potential of transferring this symbiosis to nonleguminous crops, the symbiosis has attracted researchers' attention for over a century. The origins of this symbiosis can be traced back to a single ancestor, around 110 million years ago. Recent findings have uncovered that adaptations in a receptor complex and the recruitment of the transcription factor Nodule Inception (NIN) are among the first genetic adaptations that allowed this ancestor to respond to its microsymbiont. Understanding the consequences of recruiting these genes provides insights into the start of this complex genetic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Geurts
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rik Huisman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Ivanov S, Harrison MJ. Receptor-associated kinases control the lipid provisioning program in plant-fungal symbiosis. Science 2024; 383:443-448. [PMID: 38271524 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The mutualistic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi requires intracellular accommodation of the fungal symbiont and maintenance by means of lipid provisioning. Symbiosis signaling through lysin motif (LysM) receptor-like kinases and a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase DOES NOT MAKE INFECTIONS 2 (DMI2) activates transcriptional programs that underlie fungal passage through the epidermis and accommodation in cortical cells. We show that two Medicago truncatula cortical cell-specific, membrane-bound proteins of a CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE-LIKE (CKL) family associate with, and are phosphorylation substrates of, DMI2 and a subset of the LysM receptor kinases. CKL1 and CKL2 are required for AM symbiosis and control expression of transcription factors that regulate part of the lipid provisioning program. Onset of lipid provisioning is coupled with arbuscule branching and with the REDUCED ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA 1 (RAM1) regulon for complete endosymbiont accommodation.
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Slimani A, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Ben-Laouane R, Boutasknit A, Anli M, Abouraicha EF, Oufdou K, Meddich A, Baslam M. Molecular and Systems Biology Approaches for Harnessing the Symbiotic Interaction in Mycorrhizal Symbiosis for Grain and Oil Crop Cultivation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:912. [PMID: 38255984 PMCID: PMC10815302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbiosis, the mutually beneficial association between plants and fungi, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its widespread significance in agricultural productivity. Specifically, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide a range of benefits to grain and oil crops, including improved nutrient uptake, growth, and resistance to (a)biotic stressors. Harnessing this symbiotic interaction using molecular and systems biology approaches presents promising opportunities for sustainable and economically-viable agricultural practices. Research in this area aims to identify and manipulate specific genes and pathways involved in the symbiotic interaction, leading to improved cereal and oilseed crop yields and nutrient acquisition. This review provides an overview of the research frontier on utilizing molecular and systems biology approaches for harnessing the symbiotic interaction in mycorrhizal symbiosis for grain and oil crop cultivation. Moreover, we address the mechanistic insights and molecular determinants underpinning this exchange. We conclude with an overview of current efforts to harness mycorrhizal diversity to improve cereal and oilseed health through systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Slimani
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques—Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Boutasknit
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohamed First University, Nador 62700, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anli
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Department of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Comoros, Patsy University Center, Moroni 269, Comoros
| | - El Faiza Abouraicha
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Essaouira 44000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- GrowSmart, Seoul 03129, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ai Y, Li Q, Li C, Wang R, Sun X, Chen S, Cai XZ, Qi X, Liang Y. Tomato LysM receptor kinase 4 mediates chitin-elicited fungal resistance in both leaves and fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad082. [PMID: 37323235 PMCID: PMC10266952 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infection is a major cause of crop and fruit losses. Recognition of chitin, a component of fungal cell walls, endows plants with enhanced fungal resistance. Here, we found that mutation of tomato LysM receptor kinase 4 (SlLYK4) and chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (SlCERK1) impaired chitin-induced immune responses in tomato leaves. Compared with the wild type, sllyk4 and slcerk1 mutant leaves were more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea (gray mold). SlLYK4 extracellular domain showed strong binding affinity to chitin, and the binding of SlLYK4 induced SlLYK4-SlCERK1 association. Remarkably, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that SlLYK4 was highly expressed in tomato fruit, and β-GLUCURONIDASE (GUS) expression driven by the SlLYK4 promoter was observed in tomato fruit. Furthermore, SlLYK4 overexpression enhanced disease resistance not only in leaves but also in fruit. Our study suggests that chitin-mediated immunity plays a role in fruit, providing a possible way to reduce fungal infection-related fruit losses by enhancing the chitin-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
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12
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Wang T, Gasciolli V, Gaston M, Medioni L, Cumener M, Buendia L, Yang B, Bono JJ, He G, Lefebvre B. LysM receptor-like kinases involved in immunity perceive lipo-chitooligosaccharides in mycotrophic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1435-1448. [PMID: 36722175 PMCID: PMC10231384 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) produce both conserved microbial molecules that activate plant defense and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that modulate plant defense. Beside a well-established role of LCOs in the activation of a signaling pathway required for AMF penetration in roots, LCO perception and defense modulation during arbuscular mycorrhiza is not well understood. Here we show that members of the LYRIIIA phylogenetic group from the multigenic Lysin Motif Receptor-Like Kinase family have a conserved role in dicotyledons as modulators of plant defense and regulate AMF colonization in the Solanaceae species Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, these proteins have a high-affinity for LCOs in plant species able to form a symbiosis with AMF but have lost this property in species that have lost this ability. Our data support the hypothesis that LYRIIIA proteins modulate plant defense upon LCO perception to facilitate AMF colonization in mycotrophic plant species and that only their role in plant defense, but not their ability to be regulated by LCOs, has been conserved in non-mycotrophic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Virginie Gasciolli
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Mégane Gaston
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Lauréna Medioni
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Marie Cumener
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Luis Buendia
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jean Jacques Bono
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
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13
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Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS): A Powerful Tool for Crop Improvement and Its Advancement towards Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065608. [PMID: 36982682 PMCID: PMC10057534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA-mediated reverse genetics technology that has evolved into an indispensable approach for analyzing the function of genes. It downregulates endogenous genes by utilizing the posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) machinery of plants to prevent systemic viral infections. Based on recent advances, VIGS can now be used as a high-throughput tool that induces heritable epigenetic modifications in plants through the viral genome by transiently knocking down targeted gene expression. As a result of the progression of DNA methylation induced by VIGS, new stable genotypes with desired traits are being developed in plants. In plants, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a mechanism where epigenetic modifiers are guided to target loci by small RNAs, which play a major role in the silencing of the target gene. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms of DNA and RNA-based viral vectors and the knowledge obtained through altering the genes in the studied plants that are not usually accessible to transgenic techniques. We showed how VIGS-induced gene silencing can be used to characterize transgenerational gene function(s) and altered epigenetic marks, which can improve future plant breeding programs.
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14
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Ruman H, Kawaharada Y. A New Classification of Lysin Motif Receptor-Like Kinases in Lotus japonicus. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:176-190. [PMID: 36334262 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lysin motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are a plant-specific receptor protein family that sense components from soil microorganisms, regulating innate immunity and symbiosis. Every plant species possesses multiple LysM-RLKs in order to interact with a variety of soil microorganisms; however, most receptors have not been characterized yet. Therefore, we tried to identify LysM-RLKs from diverse plant species and proposed a new classification to indicate their evolution and characteristics, as well as to predict new functions. In this study, we have attempted to explore and update LysM-RLKs in Lotus japonicus using the latest genome sequencing and divided 20 LysM-RLKs into 11 clades based on homolog identity and phylogenetic analysis. We further identified 193 LysM-RLKs from 16 Spermatophyta species including L. japonicus and divided these receptors into 14 clades and one out-group special receptor based on the classification of L. japonicus LysM-RLKs. All plant species not only have clade I receptors such as Nod factor or chitin receptors but also have clade III receptors where most of the receptors are uncharacterized. We also identified dicotyledon- and monocotyledon-specific clades and predicted evolutionary trends in LysM-RLKs. In addition, we found a strong correlation between plant species that did not possess clade II receptors and those that lost symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A clade II receptor in L. japonicus Lys8 was predicted to express during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Our proposed new inventory classification suggests the evolutionary pattern of LysM-RLKs and might help in elucidating novel receptor functions in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafijur Ruman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
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15
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Zhang L, Li S, Fang X, An H, Zhang X. Genome-wide analysis of LysM gene family members and their expression in response to Colletotrichum fructicola infection in Octoploid strawberry( Fragaria × ananassa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1105591. [PMID: 36756233 PMCID: PMC9900028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an economically important fruit that is planted worldwide. The lysin motif (LysM) protein family is composed of the major class of plant pattern recognition receptors, which play important roles in sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and subsequently triggers downstream plant immunity. In the present study, a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis of F. × ananassa LysM (FaLysM) genes was performed to investigate gene structures, phylogenic relationships, chromosome location, collinear relationships, transcription factor binding sites, and protein model analysis. We aimed to identify the LysM genes involved in the defense against plant pathogens. A total of 14 FaLysM genes were identified in the F. × ananassa genome and divided into 2 subgroups (LYP and LYK) on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis. The Ka/Ks ratio for the duplicated pair of most FaLysM genes was less than 1, which indicates that the selection pressure was mostly subject to the purifying selection during evolution. The protein model analysis revealed that FaLysM2-10 contain conserved mode of chitin binding, which suggest the potential role of FaLysM2-10 in pathogen perception and plant immunity. The RNA-Seq results showed the differential regulation of 14 FaLysM genes in response to Colletotrichum fructicola infection, implying the complex interaction between C. fructicola and strawberry. Knockout of candidate effector gene CfLysM2, which was previously proved to be highly expressed during C. fructicola infection, resulted in the up-regulation of six FaLysM genes (FaLysM1, FaLysM2, FaLysM3, FaLysM7, FaLysM8, and FaLysM12), indicating the competitive relations between CfLysM2 and FaLysM genes. Overall, this study provides fundamental information on the roles of LysM proteins in octoploid strawberry and its interaction with C. fructicola, laying useful information for further investigation on the C. fructicola-strawberry interaction and strawberry resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haishan An
- *Correspondence: Haishan An, ; Xueying Zhang,
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16
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Zeng Z, Liu Y, Feng XY, Li SX, Jiang XM, Chen JQ, Shao ZQ. The RNAome landscape of tomato during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis reveals an evolving RNA layer symbiotic regulatory network. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100429. [PMID: 36071667 PMCID: PMC9860192 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) is an ancient plant-fungus relationship that is widely distributed in terrestrial plants. The formation of symbiotic structures and bidirectional nutrient exchange requires the regulation of numerous genes. However, the landscape of RNAome during plant AMS involving different types of regulatory RNA is poorly understood. In this study, a combinatorial strategy utilizing multiple sequencing approaches was used to decipher the landscape of RNAome in tomato, an emerging AMS model. The annotation of the tomato genome was improved by a multiple-platform sequencing strategy. A total of 3,174 protein-coding genes were upregulated during AMS, 42% of which were alternatively spliced. Comparative-transcriptome analysis revealed that genes from 24 orthogroups were consistently induced by AMS in eight phylogenetically distant angiosperms. Seven additional orthogroups were specifically induced by AMS in all surveyed dicot AMS host plants. However, these orthogroups were absent or not induced in monocots and/or non-AMS hosts, suggesting a continuously evolving AMS-responsive network in addition to a conserved core regulatory module. Additionally, we detected 587 lncRNAs, ten miRNAs, and 146 circRNAs that responded to AMS, which were incorporated to establish a tomato AMS-responsive, competing RNA-responsive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Finally, a tomato symbiotic transcriptome database (TSTD, https://efg.nju.edu.cn/TSTD) was constructed to serve as a resource for deep deciphering of the AMS regulatory network. These results help elucidate the reconfiguration of the tomato RNAome during AMS and suggest a sophisticated and evolving RNA layer responsive network during AMS processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sai-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Cope KR, Prates ET, Miller JI, Demerdash ON, Shah M, Kainer D, Cliff A, Sullivan KA, Cashman M, Lane M, Matthiadis A, Labbé J, Tschaplinski TJ, Jacobson DA, Kalluri UC. Exploring the role of plant lysin motif receptor-like kinases in regulating plant-microbe interactions in the bioenergy crop Populus. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:1122-1139. [PMID: 36789259 PMCID: PMC9900275 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For plants, distinguishing between mutualistic and pathogenic microbes is a matter of survival. All microbes contain microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are perceived by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Lysin motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are PRRs attuned for binding and triggering a response to specific MAMPs, including chitin oligomers (COs) in fungi, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), which are produced by mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria, and peptidoglycan in bacteria. The identification and characterization of LysM-RLKs in candidate bioenergy crops including Populus are limited compared to other model plant species, thus inhibiting our ability to both understand and engineer microbe-mediated gains in plant productivity. As such, we performed a sequence analysis of LysM-RLKs in the Populus genome and predicted their function based on phylogenetic analysis with known LysM-RLKs. Then, using predictive models, molecular dynamics simulations, and comparative structural analysis with previously characterized CO and LCO plant receptors, we identified probable ligand-binding sites in Populus LysM-RLKs. Using several machine learning models, we predicted remarkably consistent binding affinity rankings of Populus proteins to CO. In addition, we used a modified Random Walk with Restart network-topology based approach to identify a subset of Populus LysM-RLKs that are functionally related and propose a corresponding signal transduction cascade. Our findings provide the first look into the role of LysM-RLKs in Populus-microbe interactions and establish a crucial jumping-off point for future research efforts to understand specificity and redundancy in microbial perception mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Cope
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Erica T. Prates
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - John I. Miller
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Omar N.A. Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Manesh Shah
- Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee–Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - David Kainer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ashley Cliff
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Kyle A. Sullivan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Mikaela Cashman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Matthew Lane
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Anna Matthiadis
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jesse Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Daniel A. Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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18
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Ghantasala S, Roy Choudhury S. Nod factor perception: an integrative view of molecular communication during legume symbiosis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:485-509. [PMID: 36040570 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compatible interaction between rhizobial Nod factors and host receptors enables initial recognition and signaling events during legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Molecular communication is a new paradigm of information relay, which uses chemical signals or molecules as dialogues for communication and has been witnessed in prokaryotes, plants as well as in animal kingdom. Understanding this fascinating relay of signals between plants and rhizobia during the establishment of a synergistic relationship for biological nitrogen fixation represents one of the hotspots in plant biology research. Predominantly, their interaction is initiated by flavonoids exuding from plant roots, which provokes changes in the expression profile of rhizobial genes. Compatible interactions promote the secretion of Nod factors (NFs) from rhizobia, which are recognised by cognate host receptors. Perception of NFs by host receptors initiates the symbiosis and ultimately leads to the accommodation of rhizobia within root nodules via a series of mutual exchange of signals. This review elucidates the bacterial and plant perspectives during the early stages of symbiosis, explicitly emphasizing the significance of NFs and their cognate NF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ghantasala
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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19
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Quilbé J, Nouwen N, Pervent M, Guyonnet R, Cullimore J, Gressent F, Araújo NH, Gully D, Klopp C, Giraud E, Arrighi JF. A mutant-based analysis of the establishment of Nod-independent symbiosis in the legume Aeschynomene evenia. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1400-1417. [PMID: 35876558 PMCID: PMC9516736 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research on nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in two model legumes has uncovered the molecular mechanisms, whereby rhizobial Nod factors activate a plant symbiotic signaling pathway that controls infection and nodule organogenesis. In contrast, the so-called Nod-independent symbiosis found between Aeschynomene evenia and photosynthetic bradyrhizobia, which does not involve Nod factor recognition nor infection thread formation, is less well known. To gain knowledge on how Nod-independent symbiosis is established, we conducted a phenotypic and molecular characterization of A. evenia lines carrying mutations in different nodulation genes. Besides investigating the effect of the mutations on rhizobial symbiosis, we examined their consequences on mycorrhizal symbiosis and in nonsymbiotic conditions. Analyzing allelic mutant series for AePOLLUX, Ca2+/calmodulin dependent kinase, AeCYCLOPS, nodulation signaling pathway 2 (AeNSP2), and nodule inception demonstrated that these genes intervene at several stages of intercellular infection and during bacterial accommodation. We provide evidence that AeNSP2 has an additional nitrogen-dependent regulatory function in the formation of axillary root hairs at lateral root bases, which are rhizobia-colonized infection sites. Our investigation of the recently discovered symbiotic actor cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase specified that it is not involved in mycorrhization; however, it is essential for both symbiotic signaling and early infection during nodulation. These findings provide important insights on the modus operandi of Nod-independent symbiosis and contribute to the general understanding of how rhizobial-legume symbioses are established by complementing the information acquired in model legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rémi Guyonnet
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J-Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Julie Cullimore
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions and Environment (LIPME), University Toulouse III, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Frédéric Gressent
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J-Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
- IRD, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J – Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Natasha Horta Araújo
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J-Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
- IRD, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J – Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Djamel Gully
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J-Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
- IRD, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J – Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plateforme Bioinformatique Genotoul, BioinfoMics, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, INRAE, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J-Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
- IRD, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRAE/UM/CIRAD, TA-A82/J – Campus de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34398, France
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20
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Tomato Root Colonization by Exogenously Inoculated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induces Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes in a Dose-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168920. [PMID: 36012177 PMCID: PMC9408505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are generally recognized to induce plant growth and prime plants against soil-borne parasites, such as plant parasitic nematodes. However, the effectiveness of commercial formulates containing AMF has been questioned. Increasing amounts per plant of one commercial AMF-containing formulate, reported in the text as Myco, were used to detect the effects on growth of tomato plants and the resistance induced against root-knot nematodes (RKNs) The doses used per plant (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g, reported as Myco1, Myco2, Myco3, respectively) were soil-drenched to growing potted plants; the effects of such treatments were analyzed both in plants not inoculated or inoculated by Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Consistent increases in plant weight were apparent as soon as 7 days only after Myco2 treatments. Moreover, only treatments with Myco2 induced a consistent repression of the nematode infection observed in untreated plants. Conversely, treatments with Myco1 and Myco3 did not produce such an early growth improvement; some plant weight increase was observable only at 28 dpt. Accordingly, such Myco doses did not restrict the level of infestation observed in untreated plants. Control of infection was dependent on the dose of Myco provided to plants five days before nematode inoculation. About one month after all Myco treatments, several areas of roots were found to be colonized by AMF, although in Myco2-treated plants, three genes involved in the AMF colonization process (SlCCaMK, SlLYK9, and SlLYK13) were found to be over-expressed already at 7 dpt; over-expression was generally less consistent at 14 and 21 dpt. The expressions of two key genes of plant defense, the hypersensitive cell death inducer PR4b gene and the glutathione peroxidase-encoding GPX gene, were monitored in roots of Myco2-treated plants 3 and 7 days after nematode inoculation. PR4b was over-expressed and GPX was silenced in treated plants with respect to untreated plants. The repressive effect of Myco2 treatment against RKN infection was completely abolished when Myco2 suspensions were autoclaved to sterilization or treated with the potent anti-fungal agent amphotericin B, thus indicating that the biological control agents contained in the commercial formulate were living fungi.
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Molecular Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115960. [PMID: 35682640 PMCID: PMC9180548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-microorganism interactions at the rhizosphere level have a major impact on plant growth and plant tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Of particular importance for forestry and agricultural systems is the cooperative and mutualistic interaction between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the phylum Glomeromycotina, since about 80% of terrestrial plant species can form AM symbiosis. The interaction is tightly regulated by both partners at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels, and it is highly dependent on environmental and biological variables. Recent studies have shown how fungal signals and their corresponding host plant receptor-mediated signalling regulate AM symbiosis. Host-generated symbiotic responses have been characterized and the molecular mechanisms enabling the regulation of fungal colonization and symbiosis functionality have been investigated. This review summarizes these and other recent relevant findings focusing on the molecular players and the signalling that regulate AM symbiosis. Future progress and knowledge about the underlying mechanisms for AM symbiosis regulation will be useful to facilitate agro-biotechnological procedures to improve AM colonization and/or efficiency.
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Kleist TJ, Bortolazzo A, Keyser ZP, Perera AM, Irving TB, Venkateshwaran M, Atanjaoui F, Tang RJ, Maeda J, Cartwright HN, Christianson ML, Lemaux PG, Luan S, Ané JM. Stress-associated developmental reprogramming in moss protonemata by synthetic activation of the common symbiosis pathway. iScience 2022; 25:103754. [PMID: 35146383 PMCID: PMC8819110 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbioses between angiosperms and rhizobia or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are controlled through a conserved signaling pathway. Microbe-derived, chitin-based elicitors activate plant cell surface receptors and trigger nuclear calcium oscillations, which are decoded by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) and its target transcription factor interacting protein of DMI3 (IPD3). Genes encoding CCaMK and IPD3 have been lost in multiple non-mycorrhizal plant lineages yet retained among non-mycorrhizal mosses. Here, we demonstrated that the moss Physcomitrium is equipped with a bona fide CCaMK that can functionally complement a Medicago loss-of-function mutant. Conservation of regulatory phosphosites allowed us to generate predicted hyperactive forms of Physcomitrium CCaMK and IPD3. Overexpression of synthetically activated CCaMK or IPD3 in Physcomitrium led to abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and ectopic development of brood cells, which are asexual propagules that facilitate escape from local abiotic stresses. We therefore propose a functional role for Physcomitrium CCaMK-IPD3 in stress-associated developmental reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Kleist
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Anthony Bortolazzo
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zachary P. Keyser
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Adele M. Perera
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas B. Irving
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Fatiha Atanjaoui
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Junko Maeda
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Heather N. Cartwright
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael L. Christianson
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peggy G. Lemaux
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding author
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Villalobos Solis MI, Engle NL, Spangler MK, Cottaz S, Fort S, Maeda J, Ané JM, Tschaplinski TJ, Labbé JL, Hettich RL, Abraham PE, Rush TA. Expanding the Biological Role of Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides and Chitooligosaccharides in Laccaria bicolor Growth and Development. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:808578. [PMID: 37746234 PMCID: PMC10512320 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.808578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) as signaling molecules that mediate the establishment of symbiotic relationships between fungi and plants is being redefined. New evidence suggests that the production of these molecular signals may be more of a common trait in fungi than what was previously thought. LCOs affect different aspects of growth and development in fungi. For the ectomycorrhizal forming fungi, Laccaria bicolor, the production and effects of LCOs have always been studied with a symbiotic plant partner; however, there is still no scientific evidence describing the effects that these molecules have on this organism. Here, we explored the physiological, molecular, and metabolomic changes in L. bicolor when grown in the presence of exogenous sulfated and non-sulfated LCOs, as well as the chitooligomers, chitotetraose (CO4), and chitooctaose (CO8). Physiological data from 21 days post-induction showed reduced fungal growth in response to CO and LCO treatments compared to solvent controls. The underlying molecular changes were interrogated by proteomics, which revealed substantial alterations to biological processes related to growth and development. Moreover, metabolite data showed that LCOs and COs caused a downregulation of organic acids, sugars, and fatty acids. At the same time, exposure to LCOs resulted in the overproduction of lactic acid in L. bicolor. Altogether, these results suggest that these signals might be fungistatic compounds and contribute to current research efforts investigating the emerging impacts of these molecules on fungal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Margaret K. Spangler
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Junko Maeda
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Jesse L. Labbé
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Tomás A. Rush
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Analyses of Lysin-motif Receptor-like Kinase ( LysM-RLK) Gene Family in Allotetraploid Brassica napus L. and Its Progenitor Species: An In Silico Study. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010037. [PMID: 35011598 PMCID: PMC8750388 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The LysM receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) play a crucial role in plant symbiosis and response to environmental stresses. Brassica napus, B. rapa, and B. oleracea are utilized as valuable vegetables. Different biotic and abiotic stressors affect these crops, resulting in yield losses. Therefore, genome-wide analysis of the LysM-RLK gene family was conducted. From the genome of the examined species, 33 LysM-RLK have been found. The conserved domains of Brassica LysM-RLKs were divided into three groups: LYK, LYP, and LysMn. In the BrassicaLysM-RLK gene family, only segmental duplication has occurred. The Ka/Ks ratio for the duplicated pair of genes was less than one indicating that the genes’ function had not changed over time. The BrassicaLysM-RLKs contain 70 cis-elements, indicating that they are involved in stress response. 39 miRNA molecules were responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of 12 Brassica LysM-RLKs. A total of 22 SSR loci were discovered in 16 Brassica LysM-RLKs. According to RNA-seq data, the highest expression in response to biotic stresses was related to BnLYP6. According to the docking simulations, several residues in the active sites of BnLYP6 are in direct contact with the docked chitin and could be useful in future studies to develop pathogen-resistant B. napus. This research reveals comprehensive information that could lead to the identification of potential genes for Brassica species genetic manipulation.
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Rhizospheric microbiome: Bio-based emerging strategies for sustainable agriculture development and future perspectives. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126901. [PMID: 34700186 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the light of intensification of cropping practices and changing climatic conditions, nourishing a growing global population requires optimizing environmental sustainability and reducing ecosystem impacts of food production. The use of microbiological systems to ameliorate the agricultural production in a sustainable and eco-friendly way is widespread accepted as a future key-technology. However, the multitude of interaction possibilities between the numerous beneficial microbes and plants in their habitat calls for systematic analysis and management of the rhizospheric microbiome. This review exploits present and future strategies for rhizospheric microbiome management with the aim to generate a comprehensive understanding of the known tools and techniques. Significant information on the structure and dynamics of rhizospheric microbiota of isolated microbial communities is now available. These microbial communities have beneficial effects including increased plant growth, essential nutrient acquisition, pathogens tolerance, and increased abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerance such as drought, temperature, salinity and antagonistic activities against the phyto-pathogens. A better and comprehensive understanding of the various effects and microbial interactions can be gained by application of molecular approaches as extraction of DNA/RNA and other biochemical markers to analyze microbial soil diversity. Novel techniques like interactome network analysis and split-ubiquitin system framework will enable to gain more insight into communication and interactions between the proteins from microbes and plants. The aim of the analysis tasks leads to the novel approach of Rhizosphere microbiome engineering. The capability of forming the rhizospheric microbiome in a defined way will allow combining several microbes (e.g. bacteria and fungi) for a given environment (soil type and climatic zone) in order to exert beneficial influences on specific plants. This integration will require a large-scale effort among academic researchers, industry researchers and farmers to understand and manage interactions of plant-microbiomes within modern farming systems, and is clearly a multi-domain approach and can be mastered only jointly by microbiology, mathematics and information technology. These innovations will open up a new avenue for designing and implementing intensive farming microbiome management approaches to maximize resource productivity and stress tolerance of agro-ecosystems, which in return will create value to the increasing worldwide population, for both food production and consumption.
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Vasan S, Srivastava D, Cahill D, Singh PP, Adholeya A. Important innate differences in determining symbiotic responsiveness in host and non-hosts of arbuscular mycorrhiza. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14444. [PMID: 34262100 PMCID: PMC8280126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic components that regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions in hosts and non-hosts are not completely known. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was combined with phylogenetic studies to identify the factors that distinguish AM host from non-host. Mycorrhized host, non-mycorrhized host and non-host cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were subjected to RNA seq analysis. The top 10 differentially expressed genes were subjected to extensive in silico phylogenetic analysis along with 10 more candidate genes that have been previously reported for AM-plant interactions. Seven distantly related hosts and four non-hosts were selected to identify structural differences in selected gene/protein candidates. The screened genes/proteins were subjected to MEME, CODEML and DIVERGE analysis to identify evolutionary patterns that differentiate hosts from non-hosts. Based on the results, candidate genes were categorized as highly influenced (SYMRK and CCaMK), moderately influenced and minimally influenced by evolutionary constraints. We propose that the amino acid and nucleotide changes specific to non-hosts are likely to correspond to aberrations in functionality towards AM symbiosis. This study paves way for future research aimed at understanding innate differences in genetic make-up of AM hosts and non-hosts, in addition to the theory of gene losses from the "AM-symbiotic toolkit".
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Vasan
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Gurugram, Haryana, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Divya Srivastava
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Pushplata Prasad Singh
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| | - Alok Adholeya
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Gurugram, Haryana, India.
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Quo vadis: signaling molecules and small secreted proteins from mycorrhizal fungi at the early stage of mycorrhiza formation. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Hu SP, Li JJ, Dhar N, Li JP, Chen JY, Jian W, Dai XF, Yang XY. Lysin Motif (LysM) Proteins: Interlinking Manipulation of Plant Immunity and Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063114. [PMID: 33803725 PMCID: PMC8003243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins with lysin motif (LysM) are carbohydrate-binding protein modules that play a critical role in the host-pathogen interactions. The plant LysM proteins mostly function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense chitin to induce the plant's immunity. In contrast, fungal LysM blocks chitin sensing or signaling to inhibit chitin-induced host immunity. In this review, we provide historical perspectives on plant and fungal LysMs to demonstrate how these proteins are involved in the regulation of plant's immune response by microbes. Plants employ LysM proteins to recognize fungal chitins that are then degraded by plant chitinases to induce immunity. In contrast, fungal pathogens recruit LysM proteins to protect their cell wall from hydrolysis by plant chitinase to prevent activation of chitin-induced immunity. Uncovering this coevolutionary arms race in which LysM plays a pivotal role in manipulating facilitates a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing plant-fungus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Jun-Jiao Li
- c/o State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
| | - Jun-Peng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- c/o State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Wei Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- c/o State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.-F.D.); (X.-Y.Y.)
| | - Xing-Yong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (S.-P.H.); (J.-P.L.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence: (X.-F.D.); (X.-Y.Y.)
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Chen Q, Li Q, Qiao X, Yin H, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification of lysin motif containing protein family genes in eight rosaceae species, and expression analysis in response to pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea in Chinese white pear. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:612. [PMID: 32894061 PMCID: PMC7487666 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysin motif-containing proteins (LYP), which act as pattern-recognition receptors, play central roles in growth, node formation, and responses to biotic stresses. The sequence of Chinese white pear genome (cv. 'Dangshansuli') along with the seven other species of Rosaceae has already been reported. Although, in these fruit crops, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the LYP family genes and their evolutionary history. RESULTS In the existing study, eight Rosaceae species i.e., Pyrus communis, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Pyrus bretschneideri, Prunus avium, Prunus mume, Rubus occidentalis, and Malus × domestica were evaluated. Here, we determined a total of 124 LYP genes from the underlined Rosaceae species. While eighteen of the genes were from Chinese white pear, named as PbrLYPs. According to the LYPs structural characteristics and their phylogenetic analysis, those genes were classified into eight groups (group LYK1, LYK2, LYK3, LYK4/5, LYM1/3, LYM2, NFP, and WAKL). Dispersed duplication and whole-genome duplication (WGD) were found to be the most contributing factors of LYP family expansion in the Rosaceae species. More than half of the duplicated PbrLYP gene pairs were dated back to the ancient WGD (~ 140 million years ago (MYA)), and PbrLYP genes have experienced long-term purifying selection. The transcriptomic results indicated that the PbrLYP genes expression was tissue-specific. Most PbrLYP genes showed differential expression in leaves under fungal pathogen infection with two of them located in the plasmalemma. CONCLUSION A comprehensive analysis identified 124 LYP genes in eight Rosaceae species. Our findings have provided insights into the functions and characteristics of the Rosaceae LYP genes and a guide for the identification of other candidate LYPs for further genetic improvements for pathogen-resistance in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Choi J, Lee T, Cho J, Servante EK, Pucker B, Summers W, Bowden S, Rahimi M, An K, An G, Bouwmeester HJ, Wallington EJ, Oldroyd G, Paszkowski U. The negative regulator SMAX1 controls mycorrhizal symbiosis and strigolactone biosynthesis in rice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2114. [PMID: 32355217 PMCID: PMC7193599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that facilitate soil nutrient acquisition. Prior to contact, partner recognition triggers reciprocal genetic remodelling to enable colonisation. The plant Dwarf14-Like (D14L) receptor conditions pre-symbiotic perception of AM fungi, and also detects the smoke constituent karrikin. D14L-dependent signalling mechanisms, underpinning AM symbiosis are unknown. Here, we present the identification of a negative regulator from rice, which operates downstream of the D14L receptor, corresponding to the homologue of the Arabidopsis thaliana Suppressor of MAX2-1 (AtSMAX1) that functions in karrikin signalling. We demonstrate that rice SMAX1 is a suppressor of AM symbiosis, negatively regulating fungal colonisation and transcription of crucial signalling components and conserved symbiosis genes. Similarly, rice SMAX1 negatively controls strigolactone biosynthesis, demonstrating an unexpected crosstalk between the strigolactone and karrikin signalling pathways. We conclude that removal of SMAX1, resulting from D14L signalling activation, de-represses essential symbiotic programmes and increases strigolactone hormone production. Signaling via the D14L karrikin receptor conditions rice roots for association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, Choi et al. show that SMAX1, a rice homolog of an Arabidopsis repressor of karrikin signaling, acts downstream of D14L to suppress mycorrhizal symbiosis and strigolactone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jungnam Cho
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.,CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Emily K Servante
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Boas Pucker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.,Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Sequenz 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - William Summers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Sarah Bowden
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Mehran Rahimi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyungsook An
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongjin-si, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongjin-si, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma J Wallington
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Giles Oldroyd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.,Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
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Radhakrishnan GV, Keller J, Rich MK, Vernié T, Mbadinga Mbadinga DL, Vigneron N, Cottret L, Clemente HS, Libourel C, Cheema J, Linde AM, Eklund DM, Cheng S, Wong GKS, Lagercrantz U, Li FW, Oldroyd GED, Delaux PM. An ancestral signalling pathway is conserved in intracellular symbioses-forming plant lineages. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:280-289. [PMID: 32123350 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems, and their colonization of land was probably facilitated by mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Following this founding event, plant diversification has led to the emergence of a tremendous diversity of mutualistic symbioses with microorganisms, ranging from extracellular associations to the most intimate intracellular associations, where fungal or bacterial symbionts are hosted inside plant cells. Here, through analysis of 271 transcriptomes and 116 plant genomes spanning the entire land-plant diversity, we demonstrate that a common symbiosis signalling pathway co-evolved with intracellular endosymbioses, from the ancestral arbuscular mycorrhiza to the more recent ericoid and orchid mycorrhizae in angiosperms and ericoid-like associations of bryophytes. By contrast, species forming exclusively extracellular symbioses, such as ectomycorrhizae, and those forming associations with cyanobacteria, have lost this signalling pathway. This work unifies intracellular symbioses, revealing conservation in their evolution across 450 million yr of plant diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Keller
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Melanie K Rich
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tatiana Vernié
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Nicolas Vigneron
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ludovic Cottret
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Cyril Libourel
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Anna-Malin Linde
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Magnus Eklund
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gane K S Wong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ulf Lagercrantz
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Huang R, Li Z, Mao C, Zhang H, Sun Z, Li H, Huang C, Feng Y, Shen X, Bucher M, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Cao Y, Duanmu D. Natural variation at OsCERK1 regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1762-1776. [PMID: 31484206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and land plants is essential for efficient nutrient acquisition and utilisation. Our understanding of key processes controlling the AMF colonisation in rice is still limited. Dongxiang wild rice (DY) exhibited a stronger colonisation with Rhizophagus irregularis than the rice cultivar Zhongzao 35 (ZZ35). Chromosome segment substitution lines were constructed and the OsCERK1 gene from DY was mapped. Transgenic plants in the japonica rice Zhonghua 11 (ZZ11) were constructed to compare root colonisation by AMF. Chromosome single-segment substitution lines containing OsCERK1DY showed higher phosphorus content and grain yield relative to ZZ35. Four amino acids substitutions were identified among the OsCERK1 haplotypes of DY, ZZ35 and ZH11 and two of these were in the second lysine-motif domain, which is essential for the differences of AMF colonisation level among rice varieties. Heterologous expression of OsCERK1DY in ZH11 significantly enhanced AMF colonisation and increased resistance against the pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae. Notably, the OsCERK1DY haplotype was absent from 4660 cultivated rice varieties. We conclude that OsCERK1 is a key gene affecting the symbiotic interaction with AMF and OsCERK1DY has the biotechnological potential to increase rice phosphorus acquisition and utilisation efficiency for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Nanchang Subcenter of Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cui Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Congcong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianhua Shen
- Nanchang Subcenter of Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Girardin A, Wang T, Ding Y, Keller J, Buendia L, Gaston M, Ribeyre C, Gasciolli V, Auriac MC, Vernié T, Bendahmane A, Ried MK, Parniske M, Morel P, Vandenbussche M, Schorderet M, Reinhardt D, Delaux PM, Bono JJ, Lefebvre B. LCO Receptors Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Are Functional for Rhizobia Perception in Legumes. Curr Biol 2019; 29:4249-4259.e5. [PMID: 31813608 PMCID: PMC6926482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are key mediators of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in legumes. The isolation of LCOs from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi suggested that LCOs are also signaling molecules in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). However, the corresponding plant receptors have remained uncharacterized. Here we show that petunia and tomato mutants in the LysM receptor-like kinases LYK10 are impaired in AM formation. Petunia and tomato LYK10 proteins have a high affinity for LCOs (Kd in the nM range) comparable to that previously reported for a legume LCO receptor essential for the RNS. Interestingly, the tomato and petunia LYK10 promoters, when introduced into a legume, were active in nodules similarly to the promoter of the legume orthologous gene. Moreover, tomato and petunia LYK10 coding sequences restored nodulation in legumes mutated in their orthologs. This combination of genetic and biochemical data clearly pinpoints Solanaceous LYK10 as part of an ancestral LCO perception system involved in AM establishment, which has been directly recruited during evolution of the RNS in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Girardin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tongming Wang
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yi Ding
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Luis Buendia
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mégane Gaston
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Ribeyre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Gasciolli
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Auriac
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Plateforme Imagerie TRI-Genotoul, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tatiana Vernié
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Martin Parniske
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrice Morel
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Martine Schorderet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bono
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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He J, Zhang C, Dai H, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang J, Chen X, Zhu Y, Wang D, Qi X, Li W, Wang Z, An G, Yu N, He Z, Wang YF, Xiao Y, Zhang P, Wang E. A LysM Receptor Heteromer Mediates Perception of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Signal in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1561-1576. [PMID: 31706032 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms improve nutrient uptake by plants. To initiate mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plants perceive Myc factors, including lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short-chain chitooligosaccharides (CO4/CO5), secreted by AM fungi. However, the molecular mechanism of Myc factor perception remains elusive. In this study, we identified a heteromer of LysM receptor-like kinases consisting of OsMYR1/OsLYK2 and OsCERK1 that mediates the perception of AM fungi in rice. CO4 directly binds to OsMYR1, promoting the dimerization and phosphorylation of this receptor complex. Compared with control plants, Osmyr1 and Oscerk1 mutant rice plants are less sensitive to Myc factors and show decreased AM colonization. We engineered transgenic rice by expressing chimeric receptors that respectively replaced the ectodomains of OsMYR1 and OsCERK1 with those from the homologous Nod factor receptors MtNFP and MtLYK3 of Medicago truncatula. Transgenic plants displayed increased calcium oscillations in response to Nod factors compared with control rice. Our study provides significant mechanistic insights into AM symbiotic signal perception in rice. Expression of chimeric Nod/Myc receptors achieves a potentially important step toward generating cereals that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huiling Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yayun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Weichao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guoyong An
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youli Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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35
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Plouznikoff K, Asins MJ, de Boulois HD, Carbonell EA, Declerck S. Genetic analysis of tomato root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:933-946. [PMID: 30753410 PMCID: PMC7145532 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in plant nutrition and protection against pests and diseases, as well as in soil structuration, nutrient cycling and, generally speaking, in sustainable agriculture, particularly under drought, salinity and low input or organic agriculture. However, little is known about the genetics of the AMF-plant association in tomato. The aim of this study was the genetic analysis of root AMF colonization in tomato via the detection of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved. METHODS A population of 130 recombinant inbred lines derived from the wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium, genotyped for 1899 segregating, non-redundant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the SolCAP tomato panel, was characterized for intensity, frequency and arbuscular abundance of AMF colonization to detect the QTLs involved and to analyse the genes within their peaks (2-2.6 Mbp). KEY RESULTS The three AMF colonization parameters were highly correlated (0.78-0.97) and the best one, with the highest heritability (0.23), corresponded to colonization intensity. A total of eight QTLs in chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 were detected. Seven of them simultaneously affected intensity and arbuscule abundance. The allele increasing the expression of the trait usually came from the wild parent in accordance with the parental means, and several epistatic interactions were found relevant for breeding purposes. SlCCaMK and SlLYK13 were found among the candidate genes. Carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity, lipid metabolism and transport, metabolic processes related to nitrogen and phosphate-containing compounds, regulation of carbohydrates, and other biological processes involved in the plant defence were found to be over-represented within the QTL peaks. CONCLUSIONS Intensity is genetically the best morphological measure of tomato root AMF colonization. Wild alleles can improve AMF colonization, and the gene contents of AMF colonization QTLs might be important for explaining the establishment and functioning of the AMF-plant symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Plouznikoff
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Maria J Asins
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Emilio A Carbonell
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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36
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Feng F, Sun J, Radhakrishnan GV, Lee T, Bozsóki Z, Fort S, Gavrin A, Gysel K, Thygesen MB, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J, Oldroyd GED. A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5047. [PMID: 31695035 PMCID: PMC6834629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitating nutrient acquisition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce chitooligosaccharides (COs) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), that promote symbiosis signalling with resultant oscillations in nuclear-associated calcium. The activation of symbiosis signalling must be balanced with activation of immunity signalling, which in fungal interactions is promoted by COs resulting from the chitinaceous fungal cell wall. Here we demonstrate that COs ranging from CO4-CO8 can induce symbiosis signalling in Medicago truncatula. CO perception is a function of the receptor-like kinases MtCERK1 and LYR4, that activate both immunity and symbiosis signalling. A combination of LCOs and COs act synergistically to enhance symbiosis signalling and suppress immunity signalling and receptors involved in both CO and LCO perception are necessary for mycorrhizal establishment. We conclude that LCOs, when present in a mix with COs, drive a symbiotic outcome and this mix of signals is essential for arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jongho Sun
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Guru V Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Zoltán Bozsóki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Aleksander Gavrin
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1871 C, Denmark
| | | | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
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37
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Buendia L, Ribeyre C, Bensmihen S, Lefebvre B. Brachypodium distachyon tar2lhypo mutant shows reduced root developmental response to symbiotic signal but increased arbuscular mycorrhiza. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1651608. [PMID: 31392918 PMCID: PMC6768201 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1651608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a major phytohormone that controls root development. A role for auxin is also emerging in the control of plant-microbe interactions, including for the establishment of root endosymbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Auxin perception is important both for root colonization by AMF and for arbuscule formation. AMF produce symbiotic signals called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that can modify auxin homeostasis and promote lateral root formation (LRF). Since Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has a different auxin sensitivity compared to other plant species, we wondered whether this would interfere with the effect of auxin in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Here we tested whether tar2lhypo a Brachypodium mutant with an increase in endogenous auxin content is affected in LRF stimulation by LCOs and in AM symbiosis. We found that, in contrast to control plants, LCO treatment inhibited LRF of the tar2lhypo mutant. However, the level of AMF colonization and the abundance of arbuscules were increased in tar2lhypo compared to control plants, suggesting that auxin also plays a positive role in both AMF colonization and arbuscule formation in Brachypodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Buendia
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Ribeyre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sandra Bensmihen
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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38
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Zhang L, Yuan L, Staehelin C, Li Y, Ruan J, Liang Z, Xie Z, Wang W, Xie J, Huang S. The LYSIN MOTIF-CONTAINING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 protein of banana is required for perception of pathogenic and symbiotic signals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1530-1546. [PMID: 31059122 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
How plants can distinguish pathogenic and symbiotic fungi remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the role of MaLYK1, a lysin motif receptor kinase of banana. Live cell imaging techniques were used in localization studies. RNA interference (RNAi)-silenced transgenic banana plants were generated to analyze the biological role of MaLYK1. The MaLYK1 ectodomain, chitin beads, chitooligosaccharides (COs) and mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides (Myc-LCOs) were used in pulldown assays. Ligand-induced MaLYK1 complex formation was tested in immunoprecipitation experiments. Chimeric receptors were expressed in Lotus japonicus to characterize the function of the MaLYK1 kinase domain. MaLYK1 was localized to the plasma membrane. MaLYK1 expression was induced by Foc4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4) and diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns. MaLYK1-silenced banana lines showed reduced chitin-triggered defense responses, increased Foc4-induced disease symptoms and reduced mycorrhization. The MaLYK1 ectodomain was pulled down by chitin beads and LCOs or COs impaired this process. Ligand treatments induced MaLYK1 complex formation in planta. The kinase domain of MaLYK1 could functionally replace that of the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (AtCERK1) in Arabidopsis thaliana and of a rhizobial LCO (Nod factor) receptor (LjNFR1) in L. japonicus. MaLYK1 represents a central molecular switch that controls defense- and symbiosis-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Liangbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiuxiao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhenwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Gibelin-Viala C, Amblard E, Puech-Pages V, Bonhomme M, Garcia M, Bascaules-Bedin A, Fliegmann J, Wen J, Mysore KS, le Signor C, Jacquet C, Gough C. The Medicago truncatula LysM receptor-like kinase LYK9 plays a dual role in immunity and the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1516-1529. [PMID: 31058335 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant -specific lysin-motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are implicated in the perception of N-acetyl glucosamine-containing compounds, some of which are important signal molecules in plant-microbe interactions. Among these, both lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs) are proposed as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal symbiotic signals. COs can also activate plant defence, although there are scarce data about CO production by pathogens, especially nonfungal pathogens. We tested Medicago truncatula mutants in the LysM-RLK MtLYK9 for their abilities to interact with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. This prompted us to analyse whether A. euteiches can produce COs. Compared with wild-type plants, Mtlyk9 mutants had fewer infection events and were less colonised by the AM fungus. By contrast, Mtlyk9 mutants were more heavily infected by A. euteiches and showed more disease symptoms. Aphanomyces euteiches was also shown to produce short COs, mainly CO II, but also CO III and CO IV, and traces of CO V, both ex planta and in planta. MtLYK9 thus has a dual role in plant immunity and the AM symbiosis, which raises questions about the functioning and the ancestral origins of such a receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Amblard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Puech-Pages
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Maxime Bonhomme
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Magali Garcia
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Adeline Bascaules-Bedin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Judith Fliegmann
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clare Gough
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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40
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Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Joshi S, Xue H, Kushalappa AC. Genome-wide in silico identification of LysM-RLK genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5005-5017. [PMID: 31317454 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The receptor like kinases (RLKs) belong to the RLK/Pelle superfamily, one of the largest gene families in plants. RLKs play an important role in plant development, as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The lysine motif receptor like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are a subfamily of RLKs containing at least one lysine motif (LysM) that are involved in the perception of elicitors or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In the present study, 77 putative RLKs genes and three receptor like proteins were identified in potato (Solanum tuberosum) genome, following a genome-wide search. The 77 potato RLK proteins are classified into two major phylogenetic groups based on their kinase domain amino acid sequence similarities. Out of 77 RLKs, 10 proteins had at least one LysM. Among them three RLP proteins were found in potato genome with either 2 or three tandem LysM but these lacked a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Expression analyses of a potato LysM-RLKs (StLysM-RLK05) was carried out by a Real time RT-PCR, following inoculation of potato leaves and immature tubers with late blight and common scab pathogens, respectively. The expression was significantly higher in resistant than in susceptible following S. scabies inoculation. The StLysM-RLK05 sequence was verified and it was polymorphic in scab susceptible cultivar. The present study provides an overview of the StLysM-RLKs gene family in potato genome. This information is helpful for future functional analysis of such an important protein family, in Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.,Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sripad Joshi
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Huali Xue
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.,College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ajjamada C Kushalappa
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.
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41
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Richards S, Rose LE. The evolutionary history of LysM-RLKs (LYKs/LYRs) in wild tomatoes. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:141. [PMID: 31296160 PMCID: PMC6625017 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The LysM receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are important to both plant defense and symbiosis. Previous studies described three clades of LysM-RLKs: LysM-I/LYKs (10+ exons per gene and containing conserved kinase residues), LysM-II/LYRs (1–5 exons per gene, lacking conserved kinase residues), and LysM-III (two exons per gene, with a kinase unlike other LysM-RLK kinases and restricted to legumes). LysM-II gene products are presumably not functional as conventional receptor kinases, but several are known to operate in complexes with other LysM-RLKs. One aim of our study was to take advantage of recently mapped wild tomato transcriptomes to evaluate the evolutionary history of LysM-RLKs within and between species. The second aim was to place these results into a broader phylogenetic context by integrating them into a sequence analysis of LysM-RLKs from other functionally well-characterized model plant species. Furthermore, we sought to assess whether the Group III LysM-RLKs were restricted to the legumes or found more broadly across Angiosperms. Results Purifying selection was found to be the prevailing form of natural selection within species at LysM-RLKs. No signatures of balancing selection were found in species-wide samples of two wild tomato species. Most genes showed a greater extent of purifying selection in their intracellular domains, with the exception of SlLYK3 which showed strong purifying selection in both the extracellular and intracellular domains in wild tomato species. The phylogenetic analysis did not reveal a clustering of microbe/functional specificity to groups of closely related proteins. We also discovered new putative LysM-III genes in a range of Rosid species, including Eucalyptus grandis. Conclusions The LysM-III genes likely originated before the divergence of E. grandis from other Rosids via a fusion of a Group II LysM triplet and a kinase from another RLK family. SlLYK3 emerges as an especially interesting candidate for further study due to the high protein sequence conservation within species, its position in a clade of LysM-RLKs with distinct LysM domains, and its close evolutionary relationship with LYK3 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1467-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Richards
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura E Rose
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,CEPLAS, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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42
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Rodriguez PA, Rothballer M, Chowdhury SP, Nussbaumer T, Gutjahr C, Falter-Braun P. Systems Biology of Plant-Microbiome Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:804-821. [PMID: 31128275 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, plants are exposed to diverse microbiota that they interact with in complex ways. While plant-pathogen interactions have been intensely studied to understand defense mechanisms in plants, many microbes and microbial communities can have substantial beneficial effects on their plant host. Such beneficial effects include improved acquisition of nutrients, accelerated growth, resilience against pathogens, and improved resistance against abiotic stress conditions such as heat, drought, and salinity. However, the beneficial effects of bacterial strains or consortia on their host are often cultivar and species specific, posing an obstacle to their general application. Remarkably, many of the signals that trigger plant immune responses are molecularly highly similar and often identical in pathogenic and beneficial microbes. Thus, it is unclear what determines the outcome of a particular microbe-host interaction and which factors enable plants to distinguish beneficials from pathogens. To unravel the complex network of genetic, microbial, and metabolic interactions, including the signaling events mediating microbe-host interactions, comprehensive quantitative systems biology approaches will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Rodriguez
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Soumitra Paul Chowdhury
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine (IEM), UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany.
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43
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Dommes AB, Gross T, Herbert DB, Kivivirta KI, Becker A. Virus-induced gene silencing: empowering genetics in non-model organisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:757-770. [PMID: 30452695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA interference-based technology used to transiently knock down target gene expression by utilizing modified plant viral genomes. VIGS can be adapted to many angiosperm species that cover large phylogenetic distances, allowing the analysis of gene functions in species that are not amenable to stable genetic transformation. With a vast amount of sequence information already available and even more likely to become available in the future, VIGS provides a means to analyze the functions of candidate genes identified in large genomic or transcriptomic screens. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of target species and VIGS vector systems, assess recent key publications in the field, and explain how plant viruses are modified to serve as VIGS vectors. As many reports on the VIGS technique are being published, we also propose minimal reporting guidelines for carrying out these experiments, with the aim of increasing comparability between experiments. Finally, we propose methods for the statistical evaluation of phenotypic results obtained with VIGS-treated plants, as analysis is challenging due to the predominantly transient nature of the silencing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Dommes
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gross
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Denise B Herbert
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kimmo I Kivivirta
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Annette Becker
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
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Lanfranco L, Fiorilli V, Gutjahr C. Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1031-1046. [PMID: 29806959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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Choi J, Summers W, Paszkowski U. Mechanisms Underlying Establishment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:135-160. [PMID: 29856935 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants engage in mutually beneficial interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, the fungus providing phosphate and nitrogen in exchange for fixed carbon. During presymbiosis, both organisms communicate via oligosaccharides and butenolides. The requirement for a rice chitin receptor in symbiosis-induced lateral root development suggests that cell division programs operate in inner root tissues during both AM and nodule symbioses. Furthermore, the identification of transcription factors underpinning arbuscule development and degeneration reemphasized the plant's regulatory dominance in AM symbiosis. Finally, the finding that AM fungi, as lipid auxotrophs, depend on plant fatty acids (FAs) to complete their asexual life cycle revealed the basis for fungal biotrophy. Intriguingly, lipid metabolism is also central for asexual reproduction and interaction of the fungal sister clade, the Mucoromycotina, with endobacteria, indicative of an evolutionarily ancient role for lipids in fungal mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - William Summers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
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Parniske M. Uptake of bacteria into living plant cells, the unifying and distinct feature of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:164-174. [PMID: 30071473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the presence of complex microbiota on the surfaces of all plants, the uptake of bacteria into plant cells and the subsequent accommodation in a membrane-enclosed compartment is restricted to the nitrogen-fixing root nodule and the Gunnera-Nostoc symbiosis. The plant cell wall and the outward-directed turgor pressure are major constraints for bacterial uptake because localised lysis of the cell wall endangers the integrity of the protoplast. Host cell integrity is consistently maintained by turgescent neighbours, connected via apoplastic polymers that seal a bacteria-containing extracellular compartment prior to localized cell wall lysis. Its unifying and almost exclusive phylogenetic distribution pinpoints the ability to take up bacteria into living plant cells as a key step during the evolution of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Parniske
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter Martinsried, LMU Munich, Germany.
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47
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Rey T, Jacquet C. Symbiosis genes for immunity and vice versa. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:64-71. [PMID: 29550547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Basic molecular knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions has largely been gained from reverse and forward genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, as this model plant is unable to establish endosymbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia, plant responses to mutualistic symbionts have been studied in parallel in other plant species, mainly legumes. The resulting analyses led to the identification of gene networks involved in various functions, from microbe recognition to signalling and plant responses, thereafter assigned to either mutualistic symbiosis or immunity, according to the nature of the initially inoculated microbe. The increasing development of new pathosystems and genetic resources in model legumes and the implementation of reverse genetics in plants such as rice and tomato that interact with both mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens, have highlighted the dual role of plant genes previously thought to be specific to mutualistic or pathogenic interactions. The next challenges will be to determine whether such genes have similar functions in both types of interaction and if not, whether the perception of microbial compounds or the involvement of specific plant signalling components is responsible for the appropriate plant responses to the encountered microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Proteomic approach to understand the molecular physiology of symbiotic interaction between Piriformospora indica and Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5773. [PMID: 29636503 PMCID: PMC5893561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been now focused on the promising approach of fungal endophytes to protect the plant from nutrient deficiency and environmental stresses along with better development and productivity. Quantitative and qualitative protein characteristics are regulated at genomic, transcriptomic, and posttranscriptional levels. Here, we used integrated in-depth proteome analyses to characterize the relationship between endophyte Piriformospora indica and Brassica napus plant highlighting its potential involvement in symbiosis and overall growth and development of the plant. An LC-MS/MS based label-free quantitative technique was used to evaluate the differential proteomics under P. indica treatment vs. control plants. In this study, 8,123 proteins were assessed, of which 46 showed significant abundance (34 downregulated and 12 upregulated) under high confidence conditions (p-value ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥2, confidence level 95%). Mapping of identified differentially expressed proteins with bioinformatics tools such as GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of gene sets involves in metabolic processes, symbiotic signaling, stress/defense responses, energy production, nutrient acquisition, biosynthesis of essential metabolites. These proteins are responsible for root's architectural modification, cell remodeling, and cellular homeostasis during the symbiotic growth phase of plant's life. We tried to enhance our knowledge that how the biological pathways modulate during symbiosis?
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49
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Lace B, Ott T. Commonalities and Differences in Controlling Multipartite Intracellular Infections of Legume Roots by Symbiotic Microbes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:661-672. [PMID: 29474692 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Legumes have the almost unique ability to establish symbiotic associations with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Forward and reverse genetics have identified a large number of genes that are required for either or both interactions. However, and in sharp contrast to natural soils, these interactions have been almost exclusively investigated under laboratory conditions by using separate inoculation systems, whereas both symbionts are simultaneously present in the field. Considering our recent understanding of the individual symbioses, the community is now promisingly positioned to co-inoculate plants with two or more microbes in order to understand mechanistically how legumes efficiently balance, regulate and potentially separate these symbioses and other endophytic microbes within the same root. Here, we discuss a number of key control layers that should be considered when assessing tri- or multipartite beneficial interactions and that may contribute to colonization patterns in legume roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lace
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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50
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Pimprikar P, Gutjahr C. Transcriptional Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:673-690. [PMID: 29425360 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient symbiosis between land plants and fungi of the glomeromycotina that is widespread in the plant kingdom. AM improves plant nutrition, stress resistance and general plant performance, and thus represents a promising addition to sustainable agricultural practices. In return for delivering mineral nutrients, the obligate biotrophic AM fungi receive up to 20% of the photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plant. AM fungi colonize the inside of roots and form highly branched tree-shaped structures, called arbuscules, in cortex cells. The pair of the arbuscule and its host cell is considered the central functional unit of the symbiosis as it mediates the bidirectional nutrient exchange between the symbionts. The development and spread of AM fungi within the root is predominantly under the control of the host plant and depends on its developmental and physiological status. Intracellular accommodation of fungal structures is enabled by the remarkable plasticity of plant cells, which undergo drastic subcellular rearrangements. These are promoted and accompanied by cell-autonomous transcriptional reprogramming. AM development can be dissected into distinct stages using plant mutants. Progress in the application of laser dissection technology has allowed the assignment of transcriptional responses to specific stages and cell types. The first transcription factors controlling AM-specific gene expression and AM development have been discovered, and cis-elements required for AM-responsive promoter activity have been identified. An understanding of their connectivity and elucidation of transcriptional networks orchestrating AM development can be expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pimprikar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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