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Nishida S, Takano A, Suyama Y, Kakishima S. Detection of reproductive interference between closely related Salvia species with small-scale separated distributions by multifaceted pollination and molecular analyses. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10265-024-01577-6. [PMID: 39214907 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive interference, an interspecific interaction in reproductive process that exerts an adverse effect, has gained attention as a contributing factor in promoting exclusive distributions between closely related species. However, detailed studies on the possibility of reproductive interference between native plants are still lacking, presumably because strong reproductive interference can rapidly realize exclusive distributions, leaving the two species apparently independent. Salvia japonica and S. lutescens are found in separate localities at a small scale, although their distributions overlap at a large scale. We investigated the possibility of reproductive interference between them through field surveys, hand-pollination experiments, evaluation of hybrid fertility, cpDNA and nrDNA genotyping, and genome-wide DNA analysis. The field survey results did not reveal apparent negative interaction in competition for pollinator services. Mixed pollination with conspecific pollen and counterpart pollen reduced seed set in S. japonica, and hybrid progeny produced by mixed pollination were less than 20% as fertile compared to the pure species. The DNA genotyping results suggested the possibility of hybridization where their distributions overlap, and the genome-wide DNA analysis results showed clear genetic differentiation between the two species as well as the existence of hybrids. These results suggest that bi-directional reproductive interference between S. japonica and S. lutescens may have led to their present separated distributions at a small scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nishida
- Nagoya University Museum, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Takano
- University of Hyogo/ Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1546, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Kawatabi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakishima
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
- The Mt. Fuji Institute for Nature and Biology, Showa University, 4562 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, 403-0005, Japan
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2
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Wang X, Cai J, Tong M, Shi M, Zhao Z, Li S, Tu T. Heterospecific pollen avoidance strategy prevails in the generalized plant-pollinator network on Yongxing Island. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11123. [PMID: 38444723 PMCID: PMC10912527 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition varies widely among species in communities, which has been explicated by two adaptation strategies: HP avoidance and HP tolerance. Studies of the plant-pollinator network have uncovered that oceanic island communities are highly generalized and strongly connected. It remains unclear, however, which strategy prevails in such communities. We examined stigma pollen deposition on 29 plant species, and assessed patterns of HP load size and diversity in the Yongxing Island community. We assessed the effects of phenotypic specialization and species-level network structural properties of plant species on pollen deposition among species. The hypothesis of three accrual patterns of HP within species was tested by illustrating the relationship between conspecific pollen (CP) and HP receipt. Extensive variation occurred among species in HP receipt, while 75.9% of species received less than 10% HP and one species received more than 40% HP throughout the community. Flower size strongly drives the variation of HP receipt, while network structural properties had no effect on the pollen receipt. Nineteen species showed no relationship between the number of HP and CP loads, and they received smaller HP load sizes and lower HP proportions. Most plant species evolved HP avoidance strategy, and HP receipt was an occasional event for most plant species in the generalized community. HP and CP receipts are independent of each other in plant species with the HP avoidance mechanism. Our results highlight that plants in the generalized pollination system may preferentially select to minimize the HP load on stigmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin‐Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
- Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouChina
| | - Ma‐Yin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Miao‐Miao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Tao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Tie‐Yao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
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Zhang QY, Chen Z, Sun H, Niu Y. Intraspecific floral colour variation in three Pedicularis species. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:274-279. [PMID: 38807915 PMCID: PMC11128843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Flower constancy describes the phenomenon that pollinators tend to successively visit flowers of a single species during foraging, reducing reproductive interference in natural communities. The extent of flower constancy is largely determined by the floral traits of co-flowering species. Both higher inter-specific and lower intraspecific differences of floral traits should contribute to a higher level of flower constancy. However, previous studies mainly focused on interspecific difference, and the intraspecific variation (consistency) of floral traits received much less attention. We hypothesise that selection may favour lower intraspecific floral trait variation in communities composed of multiple co-flowering congeners. We investigated the floral colour variation of three focal Pedicularis species that share pollinators in 19 communities composed of either single or multiple Pedicularis species. Colour was quantified using image-based colour analysis as perceived by pollinators. We found that most of the intrapopulation floral colour variation was below the colour discrimination threshold of bumblebees, implying strongly constrained by the visual selection by pollinators. Contrary to the hypothesis, there is no significant difference in intraspecific floral colour variation between different community contexts. It may be due to the relatively large interspecific floral colour differences of most co-flowering species. The influence of community context on intraspecific variation may be reflected in floral traits other than colours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Hang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
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Nishida S, Tamakoshi N, Takakura KI, Watanabe Y, Kanaoka MM. Reproductive interference between alien species in Veronica. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:167-178. [PMID: 38108991 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive interference can lead to the exclusive distribution of species. Reports on reproductive interference between alien species are scarce, although alien species are becoming more abundant and evaluations of the interference between aliens and its influence on community structure are essential. We therefore investigated the presence of interference in two alien species of Veronica, V. cymbalaria and V. persica. Hand-pollination experiments revealed that heterospecific pollen adversely affected both species, but asymmetrically: in V. cymbalaria, it reduced the number of seeds both before and after conspecific pollination, but in V. persica it reduced the number of seeds only when it occurred before conspecific pollination. Field observation suggested that the number of seeds produced by V. cymbalaria was more influenced by the number of conspecific flowers than by the frequency of surrounding V. persica flowers. Pot experiments did not show a negative effect of heterospecific individuals on the reproductive success of focal species in either species. Observations of visiting pollinators revealed no pollinator preference between the plant species. Although we demonstrated asymmetrical reproductive interference between V. cymbalaria and V. persica, its effect in the field seemed limited. An essential factor mitigating the adverse effect of reproductive interference might be a shortage of pollinators that could facilitate interspecific pollination. We predict that further invasion of V. cymbalaria into areas where V. persica prevails is unlikely, although swift displacement of V. cymbalaria by V. persica in areas where V. cymbalaria is already established is also unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nishida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo‑cho, Chikusa‑ku, Nagoya, 464‑8601, Japan.
- Nagoya University Museum, Furo‑cho, Chikusa‑ku, Nagoya, 464‑8601, Japan.
| | - Naoko Tamakoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo‑cho, Chikusa‑ku, Nagoya, 464‑8601, Japan
| | - Ko-Ichi Takakura
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Yasaka‑cho, Hikone, 552‑0057, Japan
| | - Yuta Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo‑cho, Chikusa‑ku, Nagoya, 464‑8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro M Kanaoka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo‑cho, Chikusa‑ku, Nagoya, 464‑8601, Japan
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka-Cho, Shobara, 727-0023, Japan
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Zou TT, Lyu ST, Jiang QL, Shang SH, Wang XF. Pre- and post-pollination barriers between two exotic and five native Sagittaria species: Implications for species conservation. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:456-468. [PMID: 37601545 PMCID: PMC10435913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic introduction of species has resulted in a breakdown of geographical barriers and hybridization in previously allopatric species. Thus, examining hybridization proneness of exotic species contributes to revealing its potential threat. Moreover, reproductive barriers may be strengthened or weakened due to long-term geographical isolation for these newly sympatric species. However, few studies have evaluated multiple barriers between alien and native species. In this study, we quantified the importance of four pre-pollination barriers (phenological, floral traits, pollen production, and floral constancy) and four post-pollination barriers (pollen-pistil incompatibility, seed set, seed viability, and seedling survival) between two introduced and five native Sagittaria species. Results showed that introduced S. platyphylla was cross-compatible with two native species, whereas introduced S. montevidensis was incapable of hybridizing with any native species. Different barriers were asymmetric within species pairs and multiple barriers acted in concert to maintain species boundaries. Post-pollination barriers contributed more to total reproductive isolation in native species, whereas pre-pollination barriers played a stronger role in total reproductive isolation for two introduced species. Seed set was the only barrier that was positively correlated with genetic distance. Our results provide a perspective to better understand reproductive barriers for secondary contact species. We highlight the importance of monitoring hybridization events before human introduction and the possible conservation strategies to remove invasive species with hybridization proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zou
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Sen-Tao Lyu
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi-Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shu-He Shang
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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6
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Microhabitat and Pollinator Differentiation Drive Reproductive Isolation between Two Sympatric Salvia Species (Lamiaceae). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182423. [PMID: 36145824 PMCID: PMC9506227 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of multiple barriers contributing to reproductive isolation between sympatric plant species is key to understanding the mechanism of their coexistence; however, such investigations in biodiversity hotspots are still rare. In this study, we investigated and compared geography, microhabitat, phenology, flora, and pollinators, in addition to pollen–pistil interactions, seed production, and seed germination of the closely related sympatric Salvia digitaloides and S. flava on Yulong Snow Mountain, Southwestern Yunnan, China. The geographic distribution of these species overlapped, but their adaptation to physical and chemical properties of soil microhabitats differed. They shared the same flowering time but differed in flower size, style length, nectar volume, sugar concentration, and flower longevity. Both species shared bumblebees as effective pollinators, but flower constancy for the two species was relatively strong. Pollen tube growth, seed production, and seed germination were lower in interspecific than in intraspecific crosses. Our study suggested that microhabitat and pollinator isolation acted as the most important isolating barriers in maintaining the coexistence of the two Salvia species. Our study also highlighted that post-pollination barriers play an important role in preventing the gene flow between these two Salvia species.
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Zou TT, Wang CH, Lyu ST, Yu X, Deng LX, Liu WQ, Dai J, Wang XF. Effects of heterospecific pollen on stigma behavior in Campsis radicans: Causes and consequences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1004-1015. [PMID: 35567497 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Pollinator sharing of co-flowering plants may result in interspecific pollen receipt with a fitness cost. However, the underlying factors that determine the effects of heterospecific pollen (HP) are not fully understood. Moreover, the cost of stigma closure induced by HP may be more severe for plants with special touch-sensitive stigmas than for plants with non-touch-sensitive stigmas. Very few studies have assessed HP effects on stigma behavior. METHODS We conducted hand-pollination experiments with 10 HP donors to estimate HP effects on stigma behavior and stigmatic pollen germination in Campsis radicans (Bignoniaceae) at low and high pollen loads. We assessed the role of phylogenetic distance between donor and recipient, pollen size, and pollen aperture number in mediating HP effects. Additionally, we observed pollen tube growth to determine the conspecific pollen-tube-growth advantage. RESULTS Stigma behavior differed significantly with HP of different species. Pollen load increased, while pollen size decreased, the percentage of permanent closure and stigmatic germination of HP. Stigmatic HP germination increased with increasing aperture number. However, HP effects did not depend on phylogenetic distance. In addition, conspecific pollen had a pollen-tube-growth advantage over HP. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a good basis for understanding the stigma-pollen recognition process of plant taxa with touch-sensitive stigmas. We concluded that certain flowering traits drive the HP effects on the post-pollination period. To better understand the impact of pollinator sharing and interspecific pollen transfer on plant evolution, we highlight the importance of evaluating more factors that determine HP effects at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zou
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chun-Hui Wang
- Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Sen-Tao Lyu
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lu-Xi Deng
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Valadão-Mendes LB, Rocha I, Meireles DAL, Leite FB, Sazima M, Maruyama PK, Brito VLG. Flower morphology and plant-bee pollinator interactions are related to stamen dimorphism in Melastomataceae. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:240-248. [PMID: 34741381 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20,000 species of flowering plant offer mainly pollen to their pollinators, generally bees. Stamen dimorphism, a floral trait commonly present in some pollen flowers, is thought to be associated with exclusive pollen provision for highly effective bee pollinators. Notwithstanding, little is known about how stamen dimorphism is related to other floral morphological traits and, consequently, plant-pollinator interactions at the community scale. Here we investigated the relationship between stamen dimorphism and other floral morphological traits, as well as the interactions with pollinators in plants of Melastomataceae. We characterized each plant species as stamen dimorphic or stamen isomorphic according to differences in size and shape between stamen sets. Data on interactions between the plants and their bee pollinators were analysed as quantitative bipartite networks. We found that petal and style size and shape were correlated to stamen dimorphism. Stamen dimorphic species present larger flowers and less variable style shapes than stamen isomorphic species. Furthermore, stamen dimorphism is associated with higher richness of visiting bees, i.e. higher ecological generalization. During the evolutionary history of Melastomataceae, the dependence on pollinators for fruit set has possibly favoured the evolution of larger flowers with dimorphic stamens, which in turn are able to make use of a larger spectrum of pollen-collecting bees, leading to ecological generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Valadão-Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - I Rocha
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brasil
| | - D A L Meireles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brasil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - F B Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | - M Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | - P K Maruyama
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - V L G Brito
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
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Lopes SA, Bergamo PJ, Najara Pinho Queiroz S, Ollerton J, Santos T, Rech AR. Heterospecific pollen deposition is positively associated with reproductive success in a diverse hummingbird‐pollinated plant community. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Aparecida Lopes
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Functioning of Ecological Systems and Interactions (CAFESIN), Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal, Univ. Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | - Steffani Najara Pinho Queiroz
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Functioning of Ecological Systems and Interactions (CAFESIN), Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal, Univ. Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, Univ. of Northampton, Waterside Campus Northampton UK
| | - Thiago Santos
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Functioning of Ecological Systems and Interactions (CAFESIN), Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal, Univ. Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - André Rodrigo Rech
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Functioning of Ecological Systems and Interactions (CAFESIN), Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal, Univ. Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
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10
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Arceo-Gómez G. Spatial variation in the intensity of interactions via heterospecific pollen transfer may contribute to local and global patterns of plant diversity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:383-394. [PMID: 34226913 PMCID: PMC8414913 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that aim to understand the processes that generate and organize plant diversity in nature have a long history in ecology. Among these, the study of plant-plant interactions that take place indirectly via pollinator choice and floral visitation has been paramount. Current evidence, however, indicates that plants can interact more directly via heterospecific pollen (HP) transfer and that these interactions are ubiquitous and can have strong fitness effects. The intensity of HP interactions can also vary spatially, with important implications for floral evolution and community assembly. SCOPE Interest in understanding the role of heterospecific pollen transfer in the diversification and organization of plant communities is rapidly rising. The existence of spatial variation in the intensity of species interactions and their role in shaping patterns of diversity is also well recognized. However, after 40 years of research, the importance of spatial variation in HP transfer intensity and effects remains poorly known, and thus we have ignored its potential in shaping patterns of diversity at local and global scales. Here, I develop a conceptual framework and summarize existing evidence for the ecological and evolutionary consequences of spatial variation in HP transfer interactions and outline future directions in this field. CONCLUSIONS The drivers of variation in HP transfer discussed here illustrate the high potential for geographic variation in HP intensity and its effects, as well as in the evolutionary responses to HP receipt. So far, the study of pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions has been almost entirely dominated by studies of pre-pollination interactions even though their outcomes can be influenced by plant-plant interactions that take place on the stigma. It is hence critical that we fully evaluate the consequences and context-dependency of HP transfer interactions in order to gain a more complete understanding of the role that plant-pollinator interactions play in generating and organizing plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Arceo-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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11
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Coetzee A, Seymour CL, Spottiswoode CN. Facilitation and competition shape a geographical mosaic of flower colour polymorphisms. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anina Coetzee
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Department of Science and Innovation‐National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Colleen L. Seymour
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Department of Science and Innovation‐National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteKirstenbosch Research Centre Claremont South Africa
| | - Claire N. Spottiswoode
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Department of Science and Innovation‐National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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12
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Christie K, Doan JP, Mcbride WC, Strauss SY. Asymmetrical reproductive barriers in sympatric jewelflowers: are floral isolation, genetic incompatibilities and floral trait displacement connected? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Floral visitors influence reproductive interactions among sympatric plant species, either by facilitating assortative mating and contributing to reproductive isolation, or by promoting heterospecific pollen transfer, potentially leading to reproductive interference or hybridization. We assessed preference and constancy of floral visitors on two co-occurring jewelflowers [Streptanthus breweri and Streptanthus hesperidis (Brassicaceae)] using field arrays, and quantified two floral rewards potentially important to foraging choice – pollen production and nectar sugar concentration – in a greenhouse common garden. Floral visitors made an abundance of conspecific transitions between S. breweri individuals, which thus experienced minimal opportunities for heterospecific pollen transfer from S. hesperidis. In contrast, behavioural isolation for S. hesperidis was essentially absent due to pollinator inconstancy. This pattern emerged across multiple biotic environments and was unrelated to local density dependence. S. breweri populations that were sympatric with S. hesperidis had higher nectar sugar concentrations than their sympatric congeners, as well as allopatric conspecifics. Previous work shows that S. breweri suffers a greater cost to hybridization than S. hesperidis, and here we find that it also shows asymmetrical floral isolation and floral trait displacement in sympatry. These findings suggest that trait divergence may reduce negative reproductive interactions between sympatric but genetically incompatible relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Christie
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Doan
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wendy C Mcbride
- Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Sharon Y Strauss
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
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Liao R, Sun W, Ma Y. Natural hybridization between two butterfly bushes in Tibet: dominance of F 1 hybrids promotes strong reproductive isolation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:133. [PMID: 33691631 PMCID: PMC7945306 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been recognized that a certain amount of habitat disturbance is a facilitating factor for the occurrence of natural hybridization, yet to date we are unaware of any studies exploring hybridization and reproductive barriers in those plants preferentially occupying disturbed habitats. Buddleja plants (also called butterfly bush) generally do grow in disturbed habitats, and several species with hybrid origin have been proposed, based solely on morphological evidence. RESULTS In the present study, we test the hypothesis that B. × wardii is of natural hybridization origin in two sympatric populations of three taxa including B. × wardii and its parents (B. alternifolia and B. crispa) plus 4 referenced parental populations, using four nuclear genes and three chloroplast intergenic spacers, as well as with 10 morphological characters. Our results suggest that at both sites B. × wardii is likely to be a hybrid between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, and moreover, we confirm that most of the hybrids examined are F1s. That these plants are F1s is further supported by morphology, as no transgressive characters were detected. B. crispa was found to be the maternal parent in the Bahe (BH) population, from cpDNA evidence. However, in the Taji (TJ) population, the direction of hybridization was difficult to establish due to the shared cpDNA haplotypes between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, however we still predicted a similar unidirectional hybridization pattern due to results from cross-specific pollination treatments which supported the "SI × SC rule". CONCLUSIONS The presence of mainly F1 hybrids can successfully impede gene flow and thus maintain species boundaries in parental species in a typical distribution of Buddleja, i.e. in disturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Liao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/ Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weibang Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/ Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/ Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Keller B, Ganz R, Mora-Carrera E, Nowak MD, Theodoridis S, Koutroumpa K, Conti E. Asymmetries of reproductive isolation are reflected in directionalities of hybridization: integrative evidence on the complexity of species boundaries. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1795-1809. [PMID: 32761901 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The complex nature of species boundaries has been a central topic in evolutionary biology ever since Darwin. Despite numerous separate studies on reproductive isolation and hybridization, their relationship remains underinvestigated. Are the strengths and asymmetries of reproductive barriers reflected in the extent and directionalities of interspecific genetic exchange? We combined field, experimental, and molecular data to quantify strengths and asymmetries of sympatric reproductive barriers and hybridization between florally heteromorphic primroses. We also assessed whether generalist pollinators discriminate between different floral cues and contribute to reproductive isolation, a long-debated topic. Sympatric reproductive isolation is high but incomplete, and most phenotypic intermediates are genetic F1 hybrids, whereas backcrosses are rare, revealing low interspecific gene flow. Species integrity rests on multiple barriers, but ethological isolation is among the strongest, demonstrating that even generalist pollinators crucially contribute to the maintenance of species boundaries. Furthermore, reproductive barriers are weaker for Primula veris and short-styled plants, results corroborated by molecular data. Thus, in florally heteromorphic systems, both species- and morph-dependent asymmetries affect permeability of species boundaries. Our study illustrates how the interactions between complex floral syndromes and pollinators shape species boundaries in unique, previously undescribed ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Keller
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Rita Ganz
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Mora-Carrera
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Nowak
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Spyros Theodoridis
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Konstantina Koutroumpa
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
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Coetzee A, Spottiswoode CN, Seymour CL. Post-pollination barriers enable coexistence of pollinator-sharing ornithophilous Erica species. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:873-881. [PMID: 32997284 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some evolutionary radiations produce a number of closely-related species that continue to coexist. In such plant systems, when pre-pollination barriers are weak, relatively strong post-pollination reproductive barriers are required to maintain species boundaries. Even when post-pollination barriers are in place, however, reproductive interference and pollinator dependence may strengthen selection for pre-pollination barriers. We assessed whether coexistence of species from the unusually speciose Erica genus in the fynbos biome, South Africa, is enabled through pre-pollination or post-pollination barriers. We also tested for reproductive interference and pollinator dependence. We investigated this in natural populations of three bird-pollinated Erica species (Erica plukenetii, E. curviflora and E. coccinea), which form part of a large guild of congeneric species that co-flower and share a single pollinator species (Orange-breasted Sunbird Anthobaphes violacea). At least two of the three pre-pollination barriers assessed (distribution ranges, flowering phenology and flower morphology) were weak in each species pair. Hand-pollination experiments revealed that seed set from heterospecific pollination (average 8%) was significantly lower than seed set from outcross pollination (average 50%), supporting the hypothesis that species boundaries are maintained through post-pollination barriers. Reproductive interference, assessed in one population by applying outcross pollen three hours after applying heterospecific pollen, significantly reduced seed set compared to outcross pollen alone. This may drive selection for traits that enhance pre-pollination barriers, particularly given that two of the three species were self-sterile, and therefore pollinator dependent. This study suggests that post-pollination reproductive barriers could facilitate the coexistence of congeneric species, in a recent radiation with weak pre-pollination reproductive barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Coetzee
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Claire N Spottiswoode
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Colleen L Seymour
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, 7753, South Africa
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16
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Ashman TL, Alonso C, Parra-Tabla V, Arceo-Gómez G. Pollen on stigmas as proxies of pollinator competition and facilitation: complexities, caveats and future directions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:1003-1012. [PMID: 31985008 PMCID: PMC7262468 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen transfer via animals is necessary for reproduction by ~80 % of flowering plants, and most of these plants live in multispecies communities where they can share pollinators. While diffuse plant-pollinator interactions are increasingly recognized as the rule rather than the exception, their fitness consequences cannot be deduced from flower visitation alone, so other proxies, functionally closer to seed production and amenable for use in a broad variety of diverse communities, are necessary. SCOPE We conceptually summarize how the study of pollen on stigmas of spent flowers can reflect key drivers and functional aspects of the plant-pollinator interaction (e.g. competition, facilitation or commensalism). We critically evaluate how variable visitation rates and other factors (pollinator pool and floral avoidance) can give rise to different relationships between heterospecific pollen and (1) conspecific pollen on the stigma and (2) conspecific tubes/grain in the style, revealing the complexity of potential interpretations. We advise on best practices for using these proxies, noting the assumptions and caveats involved in their use, and explicate what additional data are required to verify interpretation of given patterns. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that characterizing pollen on stigmas of spent flowers provides an attainable indirect measure of pollination interactions, but given the complex processes of pollen transfer that generate patterns of conspecific-heterospecific pollen on stigmas these cannot alone determine whether competition or facilitation are the underlying drivers. Thus, functional tests are also needed to validate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Conchita Alonso
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Victor Parra-Tabla
- Department of Tropical Ecology, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Gerardo Arceo-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Fachardo ALS, Sigrist MR. Pre-zygotic reproductive isolation between two synchronopatric Opuntia (Cactaceae) species in the Brazilian Chaco. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:487-493. [PMID: 31782869 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia (Cactaceae) is known for high rates of hybridization and ploidisation, resulting in the formation of new species. The occurrence of two sympatric and closely related species of Opuntia, O. elata and O. retrorsa, in Brazilian Chaco enabled us to test the hypothesis that pre-zygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms operate in both species. We monitored the flowering period, as well as floral biology, and compared the morphological variation of floral structures through measurements, performed intra- and interspecific cross-pollination tests, and recorded the guild of floral visitors and pollinators. Flowering was seasonal and highly synchronous. Floral biology exhibits similar strategies, and although floral morphology differs significantly in many of the compared structures, such morphological variation does not result in the selection of exclusive pollinators. Floral visitors and pollinators are oligolectic bees shared by both species. Opuntia elata and O. retrorsa are self-compatible. While interspecific cross-pollination (bidirectional) resulted in germination, the pollen tube did not penetrate the stigma. Opuntia elata and O. retrorsa are closely related; however, they are isolated and do not hybridise in Brazilian Chaco. We found that both have weak pre-pollination barriers, but that they are strongly isolated by pollen-pistil incompatibility, i.e. post-pollination barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L S Fachardo
- Laboratório de Polinização, Reprodução e Fenologia de Plantas (LPRF) Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva s/no, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - M R Sigrist
- Laboratório de Polinização, Reprodução e Fenologia de Plantas (LPRF) Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva s/no, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
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18
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Matsumoto TK, Miyazaki Y, Sueyoshi M, Senda Y, Yamada K, Hirobe M. Pre-pollination barriers between two sympatric Arisaema species in northern Shikoku Island, Japan. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1612-1621. [PMID: 31729010 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The genus Arisaema (Araceae) has rapidly diversified in Japan, and multiple species often coexist in the field. Although Japanese Arisaema species hybridize from artificial crossing, hybrid individuals are rare in mixed populations; suggesting the presence of effective pre-pollination barriers. We examined the following reproductive barriers between A. sikokianum and A. tosaense: habitat, phenology, and pollinator isolations. METHODS Habitat isolation was examined by interspecific comparisons of microhabitat conditions at a mixed site and of altitude at the sampling site of herbarium specimens. Phenological isolation was evaluated by comparing seasonal transition in apparent spathe condition and frequency of insect visitation. Pollinator isolation was examined by comparing floral visitor assemblages between the two Arisaema species. To avoid overestimation of pollinator isolation due to seasonal changes in insect assemblages, we also compared visitor assemblages between natural and late-flowering A. sikokianum, where the latter was experimentally introduced and blooming with a natural A. tosaense population. RESULTS Microhabitat conditions and sampling elevations of herbarium specimens overlapped between the two Arisaema species. At the population level, A. sikokianum and A. tosaense flowered for 39 and 52 days, respectively, with 13 days overlap. Insect visitation in A. sikokianum decreased before the seasonal overlap. Floral visitor assemblages differed between the two Arisaema species, while the difference between natural and late-flowering A. sikokianum was less distinct. CONCLUSIONS Phenological and pollinator isolation contribute to reproductive isolation between the two Arisaema species and should enable the two species to coexist in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya K Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sueyoshi
- Center for Biodiversity, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Senda
- Hiwa Museum for Natural History, Hiwa 1119-1, Hiwa, Shôbara, 727-0301, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Muneto Hirobe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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19
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Fang Q, Gao J, Armbruster WS, Huang S. Multi‐year stigmatic pollen‐load sampling reveals temporal stability in interspecific pollination of flowers in a subalpine meadow. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fang
- Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal Univ CN‐430079 Wuhan PR China
- College of Agriculture, Henan Univ. of Science and Technology Luoyang PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- Inst. of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science Zhengzhou PR China
| | - W. Scott Armbruster
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
- Inst. of Arctic Biology, Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks AL USA
| | - Shuang‐Quan Huang
- Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal Univ CN‐430079 Wuhan PR China
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20
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Tong ZY, Wang XP, Wu LY, Huang SQ. Nectar supplementation changes pollinator behaviour and pollination mode in Pedicularis dichotoma: implications for evolutionary transitions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:373-380. [PMID: 29878060 PMCID: PMC6344217 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Gain or loss of floral nectar, an innovation in floral traits, has occurred in diverse lineages of flowering plants, but the causes of reverse transitions (gain of nectar) remain unclear. Phylogenetic studies show multiple gains and losses of floral nectar in the species-rich genus Pedicularis. Here we explore how experimental addition of nectar to a supposedly nectarless species, P. dichotoma, influences pollinator foraging behaviour. METHODS The liquid (nectar) at the base of the corolla tube in P. dichotoma was investigated during anthesis. Sugar components were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. To understand evolutionary transitions of nectar, artificial nectar was added to corolla tubes and the reactions of bumble-bee pollinators to extra nectar were examined. KEY RESULTS A quarter of unmanipulated P. dichotoma plants contained measurable nectar, with 0.01-0.49 μL per flower and sugar concentrations ranging from 4 to 39 %. The liquid surrounding the ovaries in the corolla tubes was sucrose-dominant nectar, as in two sympatric nectariferous Pedicularis species. Bumble-bees collected only pollen from control (unmanipulated) flowers of P. dichotoma, adopting a sternotribic pollination mode, but switched to foraging for nectar in manipulated (nectar-supplemented) flowers, adopting a nototribic pollination mode as in nectariferous species. This altered foraging behaviour did not place pollen on the ventral side of the bees, and sternotribic pollination also decreased. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to quantify variation in nectar production in a supposedly 'nectarless' Pedicularis species. Flower manipulations by adding nectar suggested that gain (or loss) of nectar would quickly result in an adaptive behavioural shift in the pollinator, producing a new location for pollen deposition and stigma contact without a shift to other pollinators. Frequent gains of nectar in Pedicularis species would be beneficial by enhancing pollinator attraction in unpredictable pollination environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Tong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Wang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Johnson AL, Ashman TL. Consequences of invasion for pollen transfer and pollination revealed in a tropical island ecosystem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:142-154. [PMID: 30084201 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is known to be sensitive to environmental change but we lack direct estimates of how quantity and quality of pollen transferred between plant species shifts along disturbance gradients. This limits our understanding of how species compositional change impacts pollen receipt per species and structure of pollen transfer networks. We constructed pollen transfer networks along a plant invasion gradient in the Hawaiian dry tropical forest ecosystem. Flowers and stigmas were collected from both native and introduced plants, pollen was identified and enumerated and floral traits were measured. We also characterized pollen loads carried by individuals of the dominant invasive pollinator, Apis mellifera. Species flowering in native-dominated sites were more tightly connected by pollen transfer than those in heavily invaded sites. Compositional turnover in the pollen loads of A. mellifera was correlated (70%) with turnover in the composition of pollen transfer networks. Floral traits predicted species roles within pollen transfer networks, but many of these differed qualitatively depending on whether plants were native or introduced. Our work indicates that pollen transfer networks change with invasion. Floral morphology and foraging behaviour of the introduced super-generalist pollinator are implicated as key in determining the roles introduced species play within native pollen transfer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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22
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Ren Z, Zhao Y, Liang H, Tao Z, Tang H, Zhang H, Wang H. Pollination ecology in China from 1977 to 2017. PLANT DIVERSITY 2018; 40:172-180. [PMID: 30740562 PMCID: PMC6137263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
China is one of most biodiverse countries in the world, containing at least 10% of all angiosperm species. Therefore, we should anticipate a diverse, pollinator fauna. China also has a long history of applied ethnobiology, including a sustainable agriculture based on apiculture and plant-pollinator interactions. However, the science of pollination ecology is a far younger sub-discipline in China, compared to in the West. Chinese studies in pollination ecology began in the 1970s. For this review, we compiled a complete reference database (>600 publications) of pollination studies in China. Using this database, we identified and analyzed gaps and limitations in research on the pollination systems of native and naturalized species. Specifically, we asked the following questions: 1) What do we know about the pollination systems of native, Chinese species? 2) How does Chinese pollination ecology compare with the development of pollination research abroad and which aspects of research should be pursued by Chinese anthecologists in the near future? 3) What research on pollination in China will advance our understanding and contribute to our ongoing analyses of endemism and conservation? Subsequently, we segregated and identified prospective lines of future research that are unique to China and can only be done in China. This requires discussing priorities within a systematic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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23
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Liang H, Ren ZX, Tao ZB, Zhao YH, Bernhardt P, Li DZ, Wang H. Impact of pre- and post-pollination barriers on pollen transfer and reproductive isolation among three sympatric Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:662-673. [PMID: 29673012 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pedicularis is the largest genus in the Orobanchaceae (>300) with many species co-occurring and co-blooming in subalpine to alpine meadows in the Himalayas. Although it is well known that different Pedicularis species place pollen on different parts of the same bumblebee's body, thus reducing interspecific pollen transfer, it is not known whether post-pollination components also contribute to reproductive isolation (RI). In this study, we quantified the individual strengths and absolute contributions of six pre- and post-pollination components of RI between three sympatric species in two pairs; Pedicularis gruina × Pedicularis tenuisecta (gru × ten) and Pedicularis comptoniifolia × Pedicularis tenuisecta (com × ten). All three Pedicularis species shared the same Bombus species. Individual foragers showed a high, but incomplete, floral constancy for each species. Therefore, pre-pollination barriers were potentially 'leaky' as Bombus species showed a low but consistent frequency of interspecific visitation. The RI strength of pre-pollination was lower in com × ten than in gru × ten. In contrast, post-pollination barriers completely blocked gene flow between both sets of species pairs. Two post-pollination recognition sites were identified. Late acting rejection of interspecific pollen tube growth occurred in com♀ × ten♂, while seeds produced in bi-directional crosses of gru × ten failed to germinate. We propose that, although floral isolation based on pollen placement on pollinators in the genus Pedicularis is crucial to avoid interspecific pollen transfer, the importance of this mode of interspecific isolation may be exaggerated. Post-pollination barriers may play even larger roles for currently established populations of co-blooming and sympatric species in this huge genus in the Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Z-X Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Z-B Tao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Y-H Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - P Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - D-Z Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - H Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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24
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Wang XY, Quan QM, Wang B, Li YX, Huang SQ. Pollen competition between morphs in a pollen-color dimorphic herb and the loss of phenotypic polymorphism within populations. Evolution 2018; 72:785-797. [PMID: 29399790 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
- School of Life Science; Guizhou Normal University; Guiyang 550001 China
| | - Qiu-Mei Quan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; China West Normal University; Nanchong 637002 China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Lab of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yun-Xiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; China West Normal University; Nanchong 637002 China
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
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25
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Safe sites of pollen placement: a conflict of interest between plants and bees? Oecologia 2017; 186:163-171. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Kostyun JL, Moyle LC. Multiple strong postmating and intrinsic postzygotic reproductive barriers isolate florally diverse species of Jaltomata (Solanaceae). Evolution 2017; 71:1556-1571. [PMID: 28432763 PMCID: PMC5502772 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Divergence in phenotypic traits often contributes to premating isolation between lineages, but could also promote isolation at postmating stages. Phenotypic differences could directly result in mechanical isolation or hybrids with maladapted traits; alternatively, when alleles controlling these trait differences pleiotropically affect other components of development, differentiation could indirectly produce genetic incompatibilities in hybrids. Here, we determined the strength of nine postmating and intrinsic postzygotic reproductive barriers among 10 species of Jaltomata (Solanaceae), including species with highly divergent floral traits. To evaluate the relative importance of floral trait diversification for the strength of these postmating barriers, we assessed their relationship to floral divergence, genetic distance, geographical context, and ecological differences, using conventional tests and a new linear-mixed modeling approach. Despite close evolutionary relationships, all species pairs showed moderate to strong isolation. Nonetheless, floral trait divergence was not a consistent predictor of the strength of isolation; instead this was best explained by genetic distance, although we found evidence for mechanical isolation in one species, and a positive relationship between floral trait divergence and fruit set isolation across species pairs. Overall, our data indicate that intrinsic postzygotic isolation is more strongly associated with genome-wide genetic differentiation, rather than floral divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Kostyun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
47405, USA
| | - Leonie C. Moyle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
47405, USA
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