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Ojeda S, Arancibia M, Gómez F, Sepúlveda IB, Orellana JI, Fontúrbel FE. Spatial aggregation patterns in four mistletoe species: ecological and environmental determinants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1186-1195. [PMID: 37703542 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant spatial distribution is an important topic in ecology as it determines species coexistence and biodiversity dynamics. Usually, plants show clustered distributions in nature. Mistletoes are a good example of aggregated distributions, as they form dense aggregations due to several factors (availability of competent hosts, seed dispersal vectors, microclimate conditions). We analysed four native mistletoe species with divergent life histories and host ranges: Desmaria mutabilis and Tristerix corymbosus from the temperate rainforests of southern Chile; and Tristerix aphyllus and Tristerix verticillatus from the northern semi-desert zone. While T. corymbosus and T. verticillatus have a wide host range, T. aphyllus and D. mutabilis are specialists that can parasitize only a few plant species. We hypothesized that specialized species would be more aggregated due to ecological and environmental restrictions. We used heterogeneous Poisson models to quantify spatial aggregation. Three of the four mistletoe species were spatially clustered at both environments, with aggregation being stronger in the temperate rainforest of southern Chile and particularly in the host-specialist species. Our results suggest that environmental constraints are more important than ecological constraints (host range) in shaping mistletoe spatial structure. Mistletoe aggregated spatial distribution depends primarily on the environment that they inhabit, which conditions host spatial availability, and arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ojeda
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Arancibia
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - F Gómez
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - I B Sepúlveda
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J I Orellana
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Valdivia, Chile
| | - F E Fontúrbel
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Valdivia, Chile
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Maciunas E, Watling JR, Facelli JM, Packer J. Seed traits and fate support probable primary dispersal of a native hemi-parasitic vine Cassytha pubescens (Lauraceae) by Isoodon obesulus, an endangered marsupial, in southern Australia. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.C Maciunas
- School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - J. R. Watling
- School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
- Ecology and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - J. M. Facelli
- School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
- Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - J.G. Packer
- School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
- Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
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Griebel A, Metzen D, Pendall E, Nolan RH, Clarke H, Renchon AA, Boer MM. Recovery from Severe Mistletoe Infection After Heat- and Drought-Induced Mistletoe Death. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Těšitel J, Li AR, Knotková K, McLellan R, Bandaranayake PCG, Watson DM. The bright side of parasitic plants: what are they good for? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1309-1324. [PMID: 33793868 PMCID: PMC8133642 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are mostly viewed as pests. This is caused by several species causing serious damage to agriculture and forestry. There is however much more to parasitic plants than presumed weeds. Many parasitic plans exert even positive effects on natural ecosystems and human society, which we review in this paper. Plant parasitism generally reduces the growth and fitness of the hosts. The network created by a parasitic plant attached to multiple host plant individuals may however trigger transferring systemic signals among these. Parasitic plants have repeatedly been documented to play the role of keystone species in the ecosystems. Harmful effects on community dominants, including invasive species, may facilitate species coexistence and thus increase biodiversity. Many parasitic plants enhance nutrient cycling and provide resources to other organisms like herbivores or pollinators, which contributes to facilitation cascades in the ecosystems. There is also a long tradition of human use of parasitic plants for medicinal and cultural purposes worldwide. Few species provide edible fruits. Several parasitic plants are even cultivated by agriculture/forestry for efficient harvesting of their products. Horticultural use of some parasitic plant species has also been considered. While providing multiple benefits, parasitic plants should always be used with care. In particular, parasitic plant species should not be cultivated outside their native geographical range to avoid the risk of their uncontrolled spread and the resulting damage to ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Těšitel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Ai-Rong Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kateřina Knotková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Richard McLellan
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, New South Wales 2640, Australia
| | - Pradeepa C G Bandaranayake
- Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - David M Watson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, New South Wales 2640, Australia
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Krasylenko Y, Těšitel J, Ceccantini G, Oliveira-da-Silva M, Dvořák V, Steele D, Sosnovsky Y, Piwowarczyk R, Watson DM, Teixeira-Costa L. Parasites on parasites: hyper-, epi-, and autoparasitism among flowering plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:8-21. [PMID: 33403666 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All organisms engage in parasitic relations, as either parasites or hosts. Some species may even play both roles simultaneously. Among flowering plants, the most widespread form of parasitism is characterized by the development of an intrusive organ called the haustorium, which absorbs water and nutrients from the host. Despite this functionally unifying feature of parasitic plants, haustoria are not homologous structures; they have evolved 12 times independently. These plants represent ca. 1% of all extant flowering species and show a wide diversity of life histories. A great variety of plants may also serve as hosts, including other parasitic plants. This phenomenon of parasitic exploitation of another parasite, broadly known as hyper- or epiparasitism, is well described among bacteria, fungi, and animals, but remains poorly understood among plants. Here, we review empirical evidence of plant hyperparasitism, including variations of self-parasitism, discuss the diversity and ecological importance of these interactions, and suggest possible evolutionary mechanisms. Hyperparasitism may provide benefits in terms of improved nutrition and enhanced host-parasite compatibility if partners are related. Different forms of self-parasitism may facilitate nutrient sharing among and within parasitic plant individuals, while also offering potential for the evolution of hyperparasitism. Cases of hyperparasitic interactions between parasitic plants may affect the ecology of individual species and modulate their ecosystem impacts. Parasitic plant phenology and disperser feeding behavior are considered to play a major role in the occurrence of hyperparasitism, especially among mistletoes. There is also potential for hyperparasites to act as biological control agents of invasive primary parasitic host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů, 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Těšitel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gregorio Ceccantini
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mariana Oliveira-da-Silva
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Václav Dvořák
- Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Steele
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Yevhen Sosnovsky
- Botanical Garden, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 44 Cheremshyna Str., 79014, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Renata Piwowarczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - David M Watson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, 2640, Australia
| | - Luiza Teixeira-Costa
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Mellado A, Hobby A, Lázaro-González A, Watson DM. Hemiparasites drive heterogeneity in litter arthropods: Implications for woodland insectivorous birds. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mellado
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; Department of Ecology; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Annie Hobby
- Institute for Land, Water and Society; Charles Sturt University; PO Box 789 Albury Wodonga 2640 New South Wales Australia
| | - Alba Lázaro-González
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; Department of Ecology; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - David M. Watson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society; Charles Sturt University; PO Box 789 Albury Wodonga 2640 New South Wales Australia
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Ndagurwa HG, Maponga TS, Dube B, Nzuma TM, Muvengwi J. Termitaria vs. mistletoe: Effects on soil properties and plant structure in a semi-arid savanna. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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