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Wang T, Liu B, Zhang X, Wang M, Tan D. Variations in root architecture traits and their association with organ mass fraction of common annual ephemeral species in the desert of northern Xinjiang. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10908. [PMID: 38327684 PMCID: PMC10847883 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The variation of plant traits is closely related to the trade-offs between resource acquisition and conservation, as well as the accumulation of biomass. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive insights into the variation patterns, phylogenetic conservatism, and covariation with biomass allocation of root system architecture in desert areas. We examined the root systems of 47 annual ephemeral species and evaluated their biomass allocation and six key root system architecture traits. Our results indicated that the variation in root traits mainly originated from interspecific variation (48.78%-99.76%), but intraspecific variation should not be ignored as to why the contribution rate of root tissue density (RTD) reached 51.22%. The six root traits were mainly loaded on the first and second axes of the principal component analysis (PCA), these traits mainly vary along two dimensions. The highest interspecific variation is in RTD (51.63%) and the lowest in topological index (TI; 5.92%). The intraspecific variation value and range of specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), and RTD were significantly higher than TI (p < .05), and they are not limited by phylogenetic relationships (0< K < 1, p > .05). The SRA is positively correlated with SRL (r = .72, p < .001) and negatively correlated with RTD (r = -.57, p < .05). The LMF is positively correlated with SRL, and SRA demonstrated the coordination between water consumption and acquisition. The positive correlation between RMF and MRD indicated the coordination of root carbon investment with exploring soil vertical space. The multi-dimensional variation of root traits, divergence of RTDs, and convergence of TI are important ecological strategies for annual short-lived plants to adapt to heterogeneous desert habitats. Meanwhile, these plants achieve optimal access to scarce resources through the high plasticity of resource acquisition (e.g., SRL and SRA) and conservation traits (e.g., RTD), as well as the trade-offs between them and organ mass fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Bangyan Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Mao Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Dunyan Tan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
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Weigelt A, Mommer L, Andraczek K, Iversen CM, Bergmann J, Bruelheide H, Fan Y, Freschet GT, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Kattge J, Kuyper TW, Laughlin DC, Meier IC, van der Plas F, Poorter H, Roumet C, van Ruijven J, Sabatini FM, Semchenko M, Sweeney CJ, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, York LM, McCormack ML. An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:42-59. [PMID: 34197626 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of trait variation disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework of plant form and function. We developed and tested an overarching conceptual framework that integrates two recently identified root trait gradients with a well-established aboveground plant trait framework. We confronted our novel framework with published relationships between above- and belowground trait analogues and with multivariate analyses of above- and belowground traits of 2510 species. Our traits represent the leaf and root conservation gradients (specific leaf area, leaf and root nitrogen concentration, and root tissue density), the root collaboration gradient (root diameter and specific root length) and the plant size gradient (plant height and rooting depth). We found that an integrated, whole-plant trait space required as much as four axes. The two main axes represented the fast-slow 'conservation' gradient on which leaf and fine-root traits were well aligned, and the 'collaboration' gradient in roots. The two additional axes were separate, orthogonal plant size axes for height and rooting depth. This perspective on the multidimensional nature of plant trait variation better encompasses plant function and influence on the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Karl Andraczek
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Sustainable Grassland Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Paulinenaue, 14641, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (SETE), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Functional Biogeography, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Thom W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, Department of Biology, Universität Hamburg, Barsbüttel-Willinghusen, 22885, Germany
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, University Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- The Root Lab, Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60515, USA
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Franklin JB, Hockey K, Maherali H. Population-level variation in host plant response to multiple microbial mutualists. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1389-1400. [PMID: 33029783 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Multipartite mutualisms are widespread in nature, but population-level variation in these interactions is rarely quantified. In the model multipartite mutualism between legumes, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia bacteria, host responses to microbial partners are expected to be synergistic because the nutrients provided by each microbe colimit plant growth, but tests of this prediction have not been done in multiple host populations. METHODS To test whether plant response to associations with AM fungi and rhizobia varies among host populations and whether synergistic responses to microbial mutualists are common, we grew 34 Medicago truncatula populations in a factorial experiment that manipulated the presence or absence of each mutualist. RESULTS Plant growth increased in response to each mutualist, but there were no synergistic effects. Instead, plant response to inoculation with AM fungi was an order of magnitude higher than with rhizobia. Plant response to AM fungi varied among populations, whereas responses to rhizobia were relatively uniform. There was a positive correlation between plant host response to each mutualist but no correlation between AM fungal colonization and rhizobia nodulation of plant roots. CONCLUSIONS The greater population divergence in host response to AM fungi relative to rhizobia, weak correlation in host response to each microbial mutualist, and the absence of a correlation between measures of AM fungal and rhizobia performance suggests that each plant-microbe mutualism evolved independently among M. truncatula populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Franklin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kendra Hockey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Zhukovskaya NV, Bystrova EI, Dubrovsky JG, Ivanov VB. Global analysis of an exponential model of cell proliferation for estimation of cell cycle duration in the root apical meristem of angiosperms. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:811-822. [PMID: 29425277 PMCID: PMC6215031 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Information on cell cycle duration (T) in the root apical meristem (RAM) provides insight into root growth, development and evolution. We have previously proposed a simple method for evaluating T based on the dynamics of root growth (V), the number of cells in the RAM (Nm) and the length of fully elongated cells (l), which we named the rate-of-cell-production (RCP) method. Here, a global analysis was performed to confirm the reliability of this method in a range of angiosperm species and to assess the advantages of this approach. Methods We measured V, Nm and l from live or fixed cleared primary roots of seedlings or adventitious roots of bulbs and used this information to estimate the average T values in 73 angiosperm species via the RCP method. The results were then compared with published data obtained using the classical but laborious and time-consuming 3H-thymidine method. Key Results In most species examined, the T values obtained by the RCP method were nearly identical to those obtained by the 3H-thymidine method. Conclusions The global analysis demonstrated that the relationship between the variables V, Nm and l in roots in the steady state of growth is correctly described by the equation T = (ln2 Nm l)V-1. Thus, the RCP method enables cell cycle duration in the RAM to be rapidly and accurately determined. This method can be performed using live or fixed roots for each individual cell type. The simplicity of the approach suggests that it will be widely used in phenomics, evolutionary ecology and other plant biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zhukovskaya
- Department of Root Physiology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Bystrova
- Department of Root Physiology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Victor B Ivanov
- Department of Root Physiology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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