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Ham BK, Wang X, Toscano-Morales R, Lin J, Lucas WJ. Plasmodesmal endoplasmic reticulum proteins regulate intercellular trafficking of cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4401-4414. [PMID: 37210666 PMCID: PMC10838158 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are plasma membrane-lined cytoplasmic nanochannels that mediate cell-to-cell communication across the cell wall. A range of proteins are embedded in the PD plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and function in regulating PD-mediated symplasmic trafficking. However, knowledge of the nature and function of the ER-embedded proteins in the intercellular movement of non-cell-autonomous proteins is limited. Here, we report the functional characterization of two ER luminal proteins, AtBiP1/2, and two ER integral membrane proteins, AtERdj2A/B, which are located within the PD. These PD proteins were identified as interacting proteins with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) movement protein (MP) in co-immunoprecipitation studies using an Arabidopsis-derived plasmodesmal-enriched cell wall protein preparation (PECP). The AtBiP1/2 PD location was confirmed by TEM-based immunolocalization, and their AtBiP1/2 signal peptides (SPs) function in PD targeting. In vitro/in vivo pull-down assays revealed the association between AtBiP1/2 and CMV MP, mediated by AtERdj2A, through the formation of an AtBiP1/2-AtERdj2-CMV MP complex within PD. The role of this complex in CMV infection was established, as systemic infection was retarded in bip1/bip2w and erdj2b mutants. Our findings provide a model for a mechanism by which the CMV MP mediates cell-to-cell trafficking of its viral ribonucleoprotein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kook Ham
- Global Institute for Food Security (GIFS), University of Saskatchewan, 421 Downey Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Roberto Toscano-Morales
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wang S, Yu Y, Xu C, Xiang L, Huang W, Zhang C, Sun S, Li T, Wang S. PbANK facilitates the long-distance movement of the PbWoxT1-PbPTB3 RNP complex by degrading deposited callose. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111232. [PMID: 35351304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grafting horticultural crops can result in phenotypic changes in the grafted materials due to the movement of macromolecular signals, including RNAs and proteins, across the graft union; however, little is known about the composition of trafficking ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes or how these macromolecules are transported. Here, we used the core of PbPTB3-PbWoxT1 RNP complex, PbPTB3, as bait to screen Pyrus betulaefolia cDNA library for its interaction partners. We identified an ankyrin protein, PbANK, that interacts with PbPTB3 to facilitate its transport through the phloem alongside PbWoxT1 mRNA. Heterografting experiments showed that silencing PbANK in rootstock prevented the transport of PbPTB3 and PbWoxT1 mRNA from the rootstock to the scion. Similarly, heterologous grafting experiments demonstrated that PbANK itself cannot be transported over long distances through a graft union. Fluorescence microscopy showed that silencing ANK affected the intercellular diffusion of PbPTB3 and increased callose deposition at plasmodesmata. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PbANK mediates the long-distance movement of PbPTB3 and PbWoxT1 by degrading callose to increase the efficiency of cell-to-cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunfei Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Huang C, Heinlein M. Function of Plasmodesmata in the Interaction of Plants with Microbes and Viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2457:23-54. [PMID: 35349131 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are gated plant cell wall channels that allow the trafficking of molecules between cells and play important roles during plant development and in the orchestration of cellular and systemic signaling responses during interactions of plants with the biotic and abiotic environment. To allow gating, PD are equipped with signaling platforms and enzymes that regulate the size exclusion limit (SEL) of the pore. Plant-interacting microbes and viruses target PD with specific effectors to enhance their virulence and are useful probes to study PD functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Huang
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Godel-Jedrychowska K, Kulinska-Lukaszek K, Horstman A, Soriano M, Li M, Malota K, Boutilier K, Kurczynska EU. Symplasmic isolation marks cell fate changes during somatic embryogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2612-2628. [PMID: 31974549 PMCID: PMC7210756 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell signalling is a major mechanism controlling plant morphogenesis. Transport of signalling molecules through plasmodesmata is one way in which plants promote or restrict intercellular signalling over short distances. Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined pores between cells that regulate the intercellular flow of signalling molecules through changes in their size, creating symplasmic fields of connected cells. Here we examine the role of plasmodesmata and symplasmic communication in the establishment of plant cell totipotency, using somatic embryo induction from Arabidopsis explants as a model system. Cell-to-cell communication was evaluated using fluorescent tracers, supplemented with histological and ultrastructural analysis, and correlated with expression of a WOX2 embryo reporter. We showed that embryogenic cells are isolated symplasmically from non-embryogenic cells regardless of the explant type (immature zygotic embryos or seedlings) and inducer system (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or the BABY BOOM (BBM) transcription factor), but that the symplasmic domains in different explants differ with respect to the maximum size of molecule capable of moving through the plasmodesmata. Callose deposition in plasmodesmata preceded WOX2 expression in future sites of somatic embryo development, but later was greatly reduced in WOX2-expressing domains. Callose deposition was also associated with a decrease DR5 auxin response in embryogenic tissue. Treatment of explants with the callose biosynthesis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose supressed somatic embryo formation in all three systems studied, and also blocked the observed decrease in DR5 expression. Together these data suggest that callose deposition at plasmodesmata is required for symplasmic isolation and establishment of cell totipotency in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Godel-Jedrychowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulinska-Lukaszek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anneke Horstman
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Soriano
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mengfan Li
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Karol Malota
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ewa U Kurczynska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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5
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Danila FR, Quick WP, White RG, von Caemmerer S, Furbank RT. Response of plasmodesmata formation in leaves of C 4 grasses to growth irradiance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2482-2494. [PMID: 30965390 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid metabolite diffusion across the mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cell interface in C4 leaves is a key requirement for C4 photosynthesis and occurs via plasmodesmata (PD). Here, we investigated how growth irradiance affects PD density between M and BS cells and between M cells in two C4 species using our PD quantification method, which combines three-dimensional laser confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The response of leaf anatomy and physiology of NADP-ME species, Setaria viridis and Zea mays to growth under different irradiances, low light (100 μmol m-2 s-1 ), and high light (1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 ), was observed both at seedling and established growth stages. We found that the effect of growth irradiance on C4 leaf PD density depended on plant age and species. The high light treatment resulted in two to four-fold greater PD density per unit leaf area than at low light, due to greater area of PD clusters and greater PD size in high light plants. These results along with our finding that the effect of light on M-BS PD density was not tightly linked to photosynthetic capacity suggest a complex mechanism underlying the dynamic response of C4 leaf PD formation to growth irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence R Danila
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - William Paul Quick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, 4030, Philippines
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rosemary G White
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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Wang S, Wang S, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Hao L, Zhang Y, Xu C, Yu Y, Wang B, Li T, Jiang F. PbTTG1 forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein PbPTB3 to facilitate the long-distance trafficking of PbWoxT1 mRNA. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:424-432. [PMID: 30824022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of horticultural crops enables breeders to induce phenotypic changes in rootstocks and scions. A number of signaling molecules, including RNAs and proteins, were recently shown to underlie these changes; however, little is known about the composition of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes or how these macromolecules are transported. Here, we used a polypyrimidine tract-binding protein, PbPTB3, as a bait to screen a library of phloem cDNA from a pear variety 'Du Li' (Pyrus betulaefolia). We identified a new protein constituent of the RNP complex, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (PbTTG1), a WD40 protein that interacts with PbPTB3 to facilitate its transport with PbWoxT1 mRNA through the phloem. Overexpression experiments indicated that PbTTG1 binds to PbPTB3, facilitating its transmission from the leaf through the petiole, while silencing of PbTTG1 expression prevented their translocation. Heterografting experiments also showed that silencing of PbTTG1 prevented the transport of PbPTB3 from the rootstock to the scion. Collectively, these findings established that PbTTG1 binds to PbPTB3 and PbWoxT1 to form an RNP complex, which facilitates their long-distance movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiulei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Hao
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunfei Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baoan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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