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Chen G, Qin Y, Wang J, Li S, Zeng F, Deng F, Chater C, Xu S, Chen ZH. Stomatal evolution and plant adaptation to future climate. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3299-3315. [PMID: 38757448 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change is affecting plant photosynthesis and transpiration processes, as well as increasing weather extremes impacting socio-political and environmental events and decisions for decades to come. One major research challenge in plant biology and ecology is the interaction of photosynthesis with the environment. Stomata control plant gas exchange and their evolution was a crucial innovation that facilitated the earliest land plants to colonize terrestrial environments. Stomata couple homoiohydry, together with cuticles, intercellular gas space, with the endohydric water-conducting system, enabling plants to adapt and diversify across the planet. Plants control stomatal movement in response to environmental change through regulating guard cell turgor mediated by membrane transporters and signaling transduction. However, the origin, evolution, and active control of stomata remain controversial topics. We first review stomatal evolution and diversity, providing fossil and phylogenetic evidence of their origins. We summarize functional evolution of guard cell membrane transporters in the context of climate changes and environmental stresses. Our analyses show that the core signaling elements of stomatal movement are more ancient than stomata, while genes involved in stomatal development co-evolved de novo with the earliest stomata. These results suggest that novel stomatal development-specific genes were acquired during plant evolution, whereas genes regulating stomatal movement, especially cell signaling pathways, were inherited ancestrally and co-opted by dynamic functional differentiation. These two processes reflect the different adaptation strategies during land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Caspar Chater
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shengchun Xu
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Gwyneth Ingram. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39010678 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
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Cui Y, He M, Liu D, Liu J, Liu J, Yan D. Intercellular Communication during Stomatal Development with a Focus on the Role of Symplastic Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032593. [PMID: 36768915 PMCID: PMC9917297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomata are microscopic pores on the plant epidermis that serve as a major passage for the gas and water exchange between a plant and the atmosphere. The formation of stomata requires a series of cell division and cell-fate transitions and some key regulators including transcription factors and peptides. Monocots have different stomatal patterning and a specific subsidiary cell formation process compared with dicots. Cell-to-cell symplastic trafficking mediated by plasmodesmata (PD) allows molecules including proteins, RNAs and hormones to function in neighboring cells by moving through the channels. During stomatal developmental process, the intercellular communication between stomata complex and adjacent epidermal cells are finely controlled at different stages. Thus, the stomata cells are isolated or connected with others to facilitate their formation or movement. In the review, we summarize the main regulation mechanism underlying stomata development in both dicots and monocots and especially the specific regulation of subsidiary cell formation in monocots. We aim to highlight the important role of symplastic connection modulation during stomata development, including the status of PD presence at different cell-cell interfaces and the function of relevant mobile factors in both dicots and monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Meiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Datong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225007, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Correspondence:
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Sager R, Bennett M, Lee JY. A Tale of Two Domains Pushing Lateral Roots. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:770-779. [PMID: 33685810 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful plant organ development depends on well-coordinated intercellular communication between the cells of the organ itself, as well as with surrounding cells. Intercellular signals often move via the symplasmic pathway using plasmodesmata. Intriguingly, brief periods of symplasmic isolation may also be necessary to promote organ differentiation and functionality. Recent findings suggest that symplasmic isolation of a subset of parental root cells and newly forming lateral root primordia (LRPs) plays a vital role in modulating lateral root development and emergence. In this opinion article we discuss how two symplasmic domains may be simultaneously established within an LRP and its overlying cells, and the significance of plasmodesmata in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Sager
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jung-Youn Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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Gong L, Liu XD, Zeng YY, Tian XQ, Li YL, Turner NC, Fang XW. Stomatal morphology and physiology explain varied sensitivity to abscisic acid across vascular plant lineages. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:782-797. [PMID: 33620497 PMCID: PMC8154066 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) can induce rapid stomatal closure in seed plants, but the action of this hormone on the stomata of fern and lycophyte species remains equivocal. Here, ABA-induced stomatal closure, signaling components, guard cell K+ and Ca2+ fluxes, vacuolar and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and the permeability coefficient of guard cell protoplasts (Pf) were analyzed in species spanning the diversity of vascular land plants including 11 seed plants, 6 ferns, and 1 lycophyte. We found that all 11 seed plants exhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure, but the fern and lycophyte species did not. ABA-induced hydrogen peroxide elevation was observed in all species, but the signaling pathway downstream of nitric oxide production, including ion channel activation, was only observed in seed plants. In the angiosperm faba bean (Vicia faba), ABA application caused large vacuolar compartments to disaggregate, actin filaments to disintegrate into short fragments and Pf to increase. None of these changes was observed in the guard cells of the fern Matteuccia struthiopteris and lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii treated with ABA, but a hypertonic osmotic solution did induce stomatal closure in fern and the lycophyte. Our results suggest that there is a major difference in the regulation of stomata between the fern and lycophyte plants and the seed plants. Importantly, these findings have uncovered the physiological and biophysical mechanisms that may have been responsible for the evolution of a stomatal response to ABA in the earliest seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xue-Qian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan-Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Neil C Turner
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, M082, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Author for communication: (X.W.F.)
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Waqas M, Yaning C, Iqbal H, Shareef M, Rehman HU, Bilal HM. Synergistic consequences of salinity and potassium deficiency in quinoa: Linking with stomatal patterning, ionic relations and oxidative metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:17-27. [PMID: 33310530 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa emerged as an ideal food security crop due to its exceptional nutritive profile and stress enduring potential and also deemed as model plant to study the salt-tolerance mechanisms. However to fill the research gaps of this imperative crop, the present work aimed to study the effect of potassium (K) deficiency either separately or in combination with salinity. First, we investigated the stomatal and physiological based variations in quinoa growth under salinity and K, then series of analytical tools were used with model approach to interpret the stomatal aperture (SA) and photosynthesis (Pn) changes. Results revealed that quinoa efficiently deployed antioxidants to scavenge the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), had high uptake and retention of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ with Cl⁻ as charge balancing ion, increased stomata density (SD) and declined the SA to maintain the Pn which resulted the improved growth under salinity. Whereas, K-deficiency caused the stunted growth more severally under salinity due to disruption in ionic homeostasis, excessive ROS production elicited the oxidative damages, SD and SA reduced and ultimately declined in Pn. Our best fitted regression model explored that dependent variables like Pn and SA changed according to theirs signified explanatory variables with quantification per unit based as stomatal conductance (Gs, 51), SD (0.05), ROS (-0.79) and K+ (0.08), Cl⁻ (0.34) and Na+ (- 0.52) respectively. Overall, moderate salinity promoted the quinoa growth, while K-deficiency particularly with salinity reduced the quinoa performance by affecting stomatal and non-stomatal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Chen Yaning
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Hassan Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Shareef
- Cele National Station for Desert and Grassland Observation and Research, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Botany, Hameeda Rasheed Institute of Science and Technology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez Ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan; PARC-Arid Zone Research Institute, Umerkot, Sindh, Pakistan
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Rasouli F, Kiani-Pouya A, Zhang H, Shabala S. Developing and validating protocols for mechanical isolation of guard-cell enriched epidermal peels for omics studies. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:803-814. [PMID: 32513383 DOI: 10.1071/fp20085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, which are microscopic valves on the leaf surface formed by two guard cells (GC), play a critical role in the regulation of leaf water and gas exchange and, hence, determine plant adaptive potential. However, little data is available on GC biochemistry, protein abundance and gene expression, mainly due to technical difficulties and challenges in isolating sufficient amounts of high-quality pure GC. In the present study we applied some modifications to the mechanical isolation of guard-cell to generalise this method for diverse growth conditions as well as plant species. Epidermal peel fragments enriched in guard cells were mechanically isolated from quinoa, spinach and sugar beet leaves grown at two conditions (normal and salt stress). Multiple analysis was performed to confirm the suitability and superiority of the modified technique to the original method. At the first step, the viability and purity of GC-enriched epidermal fragments were assessed under the microscope. Then, the RNA integrity, gene expression, and 1D SDS-PAGE tests were performed to validate the suitability of this technique for omics studies. The data revealed a wide range of proteins as well as a high integrity of RNA extracted from guard cell samples. The expression level of several GC-specific genes and mesophyll-dominant genes were investigated using a comparative analysis of transcriptome datasets of GC and whole-leaf samples. We found that Rubisco and photosynthesis-related proteins such as chlorophyll a/b binding protein were substantially higher in the whole leaf compared with the GCs. More importantly, GC-specific genes such as OST1, SLAC1, MYB60, FAMA and HT1 were highly expressed in the GCs, confirming that our guard cell preparation was highly enriched in GC gene transcripts. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR further confirmed the efficacy of the GC isolation technique for exploring responses of GC to diverse types of stress at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rasouli
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia; and Shanghai Centre for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201602 Shanghai, China
| | - Ali Kiani-Pouya
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia; and Shanghai Centre for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201602 Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Centre for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201602 Shanghai, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia; and International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, China; and Corresponding author.
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8
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Zhang J, Zhou M, Ge Z, Shen J, Zhou C, Gotor C, Romero LC, Duan X, Liu X, Wu D, Yin X, Xie Y. Abscisic acid-triggered guard cell l-cysteine desulfhydrase function and in situ hydrogen sulfide production contributes to heme oxygenase-modulated stomatal closure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:624-636. [PMID: 31734942 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) produced through the activity of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) is an important gaseous signaling molecule in plants that could participate in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. However, the coupling of the DES1/H2 S signaling pathways to guard cell movement has not been thoroughly elucidated. The results presented here provide genetic evidence for a physiologically relevant signaling pathway that governs guard cell in situ DES1/H2 S function in stomatal closure. We discovered that ABA-activated DES1 produces H2 S in guard cells. The impaired guard cell ABA phenotype of the des1 mutant can be fully complemented when DES1/H2 S function has been specifically rescued in guard cells and epidermal cells, but not mesophyll cells. This research further characterized DES1/H2 S function in the regulation of LONG HYPOCOTYL1 (HY1, a member of the heme oxygenase family) signaling. ABA-induced DES1 expression and H2 S production are hyper-activated in the hy1 mutant, both of which can be fully abolished by the addition of H2 S scavenger. Impaired guard cell ABA phenotype of des1/hy1 can be restored by H2 S donors. Taken together, this research indicated that guard cell in situ DES1 function is involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure, which also acts as a pivotal hub in regulating HY1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjian Zhou
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglin Ge
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhou
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Xingliang Duan
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Life Science College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Deliang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Brodribb TJ, Sussmilch F, McAdam SAM. From reproduction to production, stomata are the master regulators. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:756-767. [PMID: 31596990 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The best predictor of leaf level photosynthetic rate is the porosity of the leaf surface, as determined by the number and aperture of stomata on the leaf. This remarkable correlation between stomatal porosity (or diffusive conductance to water vapour gs ) and CO2 assimilation rate (A) applies to all major lineages of vascular plants (Figure 1) and is sufficiently predictable that it provides the basis for the model most widely used to predict water and CO2 fluxes from leaves and canopies. Yet the Ball-Berry formulation is only a phenomenological approximation that captures the emergent character of stomatal behaviour. Progressing to a more mechanistic prediction of plant gas exchange is challenging because of the diversity of biological components regulating stomatal action. These processes are the product of more than 400 million years of co-evolution between stomatal, vascular and photosynthetic tissues. Both molecular and structural components link the abiotic world of the whole plant with the turgor pressure of the epidermis and guard cells, which ultimately determine stomatal pore size and porosity to water and CO2 exchange (New Phytol., 168, 2005, 275). In this review we seek to simplify stomatal behaviour by using an evolutionary perspective to understand the principal selective pressures involved in stomatal evolution, thus identifying the primary regulators of stomatal aperture. We start by considering the adaptive process that has locked together the regulation of water and carbon fluxes in vascular plants, finally examining specific evidence for evolution in the proteins responsible for regulating guard cell turgor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Frances Sussmilch
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Kübarsepp L, Laanisto L, Niinemets Ü, Talts E, Tosens T. Are stomata in ferns and allies sluggish? Stomatal responses to CO 2 , humidity and light and their scaling with size and density. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:183-195. [PMID: 31479517 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast stomatal reactions enable plants to successfully cope with a constantly changing environment yet there is an ongoing debate on the stomatal regulation mechanisms in basal plant groups. We measured stomatal morphological parameters in 29 fern and allied species from temperate to tropical biomes and two outgroup angiosperm species. Stomatal dynamic responses to environmental drivers were measured in 16 ferns and the two angiosperms using a gas-exchange system. Principal components analyses were used to further reveal the structure-function relationships in stomata. We show a > 10-fold variation for stomatal opening delays and 20-fold variation for stomatal closing delays in ferns. Across species, stomatal responses to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were the fastest, while light and [CO2 ] responses were slower. In most cases the outgroup species' reaction speeds to changes in environmental variables were similar to those of ferns. Correlations between stomatal response rate and size were apparent for stomatal opening in light and low [CO2 ] while not evident for closing reactions and changes in VPD. No correlations between stomatal density and response speed were observed. Together, this study demonstrates different mechanisms controlling stomatal reactions in ferns at different environmental stimuli, which should be considered in future studies relating stomatal morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kübarsepp
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
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Huang S, Waadt R, Nuhkat M, Kollist H, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Calcium signals in guard cells enhance the efficiency by which abscisic acid triggers stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:177-187. [PMID: 31179540 PMCID: PMC6771588 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During drought, abscisic acid (ABA) induces closure of stomata via a signaling pathway that involves the calcium (Ca2+ )-independent protein kinase OST1, as well as Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases. However, the interconnection between OST1 and Ca2+ signaling in ABA-induced stomatal closure has not been fully resolved. ABA-induced Ca2+ signals were monitored in intact Arabidopsis leaves, which express the ratiometric Ca2+ reporter R-GECO1-mTurquoise and the Ca2+ -dependent activation of S-type anion channels was recorded with intracellular double-barreled microelectrodes. ABA triggered Ca2+ signals that occurred during the initiation period, as well as in the acceleration phase of stomatal closure. However, a subset of stomata closed in the absence of Ca2+ signals. On average, stomata closed faster if Ca2+ signals were elicited during the ABA response. Loss of OST1 prevented ABA-induced stomatal closure and repressed Ca2+ signals, whereas elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration caused a rapid activation of SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels. Our data show that the majority of Ca2+ signals are evoked during the acceleration phase of stomatal closure, which is initiated by OST1. These Ca2+ signals are likely to activate Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases, which enhance the activity of S-type anion channels and boost stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal StudiesPlant Developmental BiologyRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 230D‐69120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
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Sussmilch FC, Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R. On the origins of osmotically driven stomatal movements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:84-90. [PMID: 30444541 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 84 I. Introduction 84 II. Stomatal form and biomechanics 85 III. Stomatal function 86 IV. Evolution of guard cell ion channels 87 V. Conclusions 88 Acknowledgements 88 Author contributions 88 References 88 SUMMARY: Stomatal pores with apertures that can be adjusted by changes in guard cell turgor have facilitated plant success in dry environments. We explore their evolutionary origins, considering recent findings from bryophytes. Unlike vascular plant stomata, which close to prevent water loss, bryophyte stomata become locked open to promote spore desiccation. We find that the families of ion channels, known to control stomatal movements in angiosperms, are ancient and represented across extant land plants. However, although angiosperm guard cells express specific ion channel genes, none appear specifically expressed in stomata-bearing moss tissues. Given the evolutionary shift in stomatal function from promotion to prevention of water loss, we postulate that ion channels adopted guard cell-specific functions after the divergence of bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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Lima VF, Medeiros DB, Dos Anjos L, Gago J, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Toward multifaceted roles of sucrose in the regulation of stomatal movement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1494468. [PMID: 30067434 PMCID: PMC6149408 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1494468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant atmospheric CO2 fixation depends on the aperture of stomatal pores at the leaf epidermis. Stomatal aperture or closure is regulated by changes in the metabolism of the two surrounding guard cells, which respond directly to environmental and internal cues such as mesophyll-derived metabolites. Sucrose has been shown to play a dual role during stomatal movements. The sucrose produced in the mesophyll cells can be transported to the vicinity of the guard cells via the transpiration stream, inducing closure in periods of high photosynthetic rate. By contrast, sucrose breakdown within guard cells sustains glycolysis and glutamine biosynthesis during light-induced stomatal opening. Here, we provide an update regarding the role of sucrose in the regulation of stomatal movement highlighting recent findings from metabolic and systems biology studies. We further explore how sucrose-mediated mechanisms of stomatal movement regulation could be useful to understand evolution of stomatal physiology among different plant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. F. Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
- CONTACT Danilo M. Daloso Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - D. B. Medeiros
- Central metabolism group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - L. Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras-MG, Brasil
| | - J. Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions. Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears)/Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Illes Balears, Spain
| | - A. R. Fernie
- Central metabolism group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - D. M. Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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