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Wu Z, Zhang C, Huang Y, Tao N, Wang T, Cai X, Wang Z, Li X. Tryptanthrin Derivative B1 Binds Viral Genome-Linked Protein (VPg) of Potato Virus Y. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5699-5709. [PMID: 38462724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant virus that is known to be responsible for substantial economic losses in agriculture. Within the PVY genome, viral genome-linked protein (VPg) plays a pivotal role in the viral translation process. In this study, VPg was used as a potential target for analyzing the antiviral activity of tryptanthrin derivatives. In vitro, the dissociation constants of B1 with PVY VPg were 0.69 μmol/L (measured by microscale thermophoresis) and 4.01 μmol/L (measured via isothermal titration calorimetry). B1 also strongly bound to VPg proteins from three other Potyviruses. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that B1 effectively suppressed the expression of the PVY gene. Molecular docking experiments revealed that B1 formed a hydrogen bond with N121 and that no specific binding occurred between B1 and the PVY VPgN121A mutant. Therefore, N121 is a key amino acid residue in PVY VPg involved in B1 binding. These results highlight the potential of PVY VPg as a potential target for the development of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanqin Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Na Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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Song L, Zhang D, Liu T, Jiang C, Li B, Li C, Shen L, Li Y, Wang F, Jiao Y, Yang J. Non-transgenic, PAMAM co-delivery DNA of interactive proteins NbCRVP and NbCalB endows Nicotiana benthamiana with a stronger antiviral effect to RNA viruses. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:23. [PMID: 38191434 PMCID: PMC10773047 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases continue to pose a major threat to the world's commercial crops. The in-depth exploration and efficient utilization of resistance proteins have become crucial strategies for their control. However, current delivery methods for introducing foreign DNA suffer from host range limitations, low transformation efficiencies, tissue damage, or unavoidable DNA integration into the host genome. The nanocarriers provides a convenient channel for the DNA delivery and functional utilization of disease-resistant proteins. RESULTS In this research, we identified a cysteine-rich venom protein (NbCRVP) in Nicotiana benthamiana for the first time. Virus-induced gene silencing and transient overexpression clarified that NbCRVP could inhibit the infection of tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus Y, and cucumber mosaic virus, making it a broad-spectrum antiviral protein. Yeast two-hybrid assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed that calcium-dependent lipid-binding (CaLB domain) family protein (NbCalB) interacted with NbCRVP to assist NbCRVP playing a stronger antiviral effect. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the efficient co-delivery of DNA expressing NbCRVP and NbCalB into plants using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) nanocarriers, achieving stronger broad-spectrum antiviral effects. CONCLUSIONS Our work presents a tool for species-independent transfer of two interacting protein DNA into plant cells in a specific ratio for enhanced antiviral effect without transgenic integration, which further demonstrated new strategies for nanocarrier-mediated DNA delivery of disease-resistant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Weifang Vocational College, Weifang, 262737, China
| | - Daoshun Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan Tobacco Company, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Changquan Li
- Liupanshui City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Liupanshui, 553000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Yubing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Song H, Gao X, Song L, Jiao Y, Shen L, Yang J, Li C, Shang J, Wang H, Zhang S, Li Y. Unraveling the regulatory network of miRNA expression in Potato Y virus-infected of Nicotiana benthamiana using integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing. Front Genet 2024; 14:1290466. [PMID: 38259624 PMCID: PMC10800900 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1290466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) disease is a global problem that causes significant damage to crop quality and yield. As traditional chemical control methods are ineffective against PVY, it is crucial to explore new control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in plant and animal defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These endogenous miRNAs act as a link between antiviral gene pathways and host immunity. Several miRNAs target plant immune genes and are involved in the virus infection process. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on healthy and PVY-infected N. benthamiana tissues (roots, stems, and leaves). Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs using the N. benthamiana reference genome and the PVY genome. We then compared the identified differentially expressed mRNAs with the predicted target genes to uncover the complex relationships between miRNAs and their targets. This study successfully constructed a miRNA-mRNA network through the joint analysis of Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing, which unveiled potential miRNA targets and identified potential binding sites of miRNAs on the PVY genome. This miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggests the involvement of miRNAs in the virus infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Song
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xinwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Liyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yubing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Changquan Li
- Liupanshui City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Guizhou, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Shang
- Liupanshui City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Guizhou, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Luoyang City Company of Henan Tobacco Company, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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4
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Lin J, Zhao J, Du L, Wang P, Sun B, Zhang C, Shi Y, Li H, Sun H. Activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by phosphatidic acid in response to positive-strand RNA viruses. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100659. [PMID: 37434356 PMCID: PMC10811337 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in plant defense against viruses. However, the mechanisms that underlie the activation of MAPK cascades in response to viral infection remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that phosphatidic acid (PA) represents a major class of lipids that respond to Potato virus Y (PVY) at an early stage of infection. We identified NbPLDα1 (Nicotiana benthamiana phospholipase Dα1) as the key enzyme responsible for increased PA levels during PVY infection and found that it plays an antiviral role. 6K2 of PVY interacts with NbPLDα1, leading to elevated PA levels. In addition, NbPLDα1 and PA are recruited by 6K2 to membrane-bound viral replication complexes. On the other hand, 6K2 also induces activation of the MAPK pathway, dependent on its interaction with NbPLDα1 and the derived PA. PA binds to WIPK/SIPK/NTF4, prompting their phosphorylation of WRKY8. Notably, spraying with exogenous PA is sufficient to activate the MAPK pathway. Knockdown of the MEK2-WIPK/SIPK-WRKY8 cascade resulted in enhanced accumulation of PVY genomic RNA. 6K2 of Turnip mosaic virus and p33 of Tomato bushy stunt virus also interacted with NbPLDα1 and induced the activation of MAPK-mediated immunity. Loss of function of NbPLDα1 inhibited virus-induced activation of MAPK cascades and promoted viral RNA accumulation. Thus, activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by NbPLDα1-derived PA is a common strategy employed by hosts to counteract positive-strand RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lin
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Linlin Du
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Pengkun Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yan Shi
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hangjun Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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5
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Liu L, Li X, Wang C, Ni Y, Liu X. The Role of Chloride Channels in Plant Responses to NaCl. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:19. [PMID: 38203189 PMCID: PMC10778697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) is considered a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but it can be a challenge under saline conditions. Excessive accumulation of Cl- in leaves can cause toxicity. Chloride channels (CLCs) are expressed in the inner membranes of plant cells and function as essential Cl- exchangers or channels. In response to salt stress in plants, CLCs play a crucial role, and CLC proteins assist in maintaining the intracellular Cl- homeostasis by sequestering Cl- into vacuoles. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the primary substance responsible for causing salt-induced phytotoxicity. However, research on plant responses to Cl- stress is comparatively rare, in contrast to that emphasizing Na+. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the plant response and tolerance to Cl- stress, specifically focusing on comparative analysis of CLC protein structures in different species. Additionally, to further gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, the study summarizes the identified CLC genes that respond to salt stress. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the response of CLCs in terrestrial plants to salt stress and their biological functions, aiming to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the response of CLCs in plants to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.L.); (C.W.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiaofei Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.L.); (C.W.); (Y.N.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.L.); (C.W.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuxin Ni
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.L.); (C.W.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xunyan Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.L.); (C.W.); (Y.N.)
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6
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Ji C, Zhou J, Yang D, Yuan B, Tang R, Liu Y, Xi D. ATG8f Interacts with Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus 6K2 Protein to Limit Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2324. [PMID: 38140565 PMCID: PMC10747504 DOI: 10.3390/v15122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, as a conserved protein degradation pathway in plants, has also been reported to be intricately associated with antiviral defense mechanisms. However, the relationship between chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) and autophagy has not been investigated in the existing research. Here, we reveal that ChiVMV infection caused the accumulation of autophagosomes in infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and the upregulation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Moreover, the changes in gene expression were correlated with the development of symptoms. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors (3-MA or E-64D) could increase the infection sites and facilitate virus infection, whereas treatment with the autophagy activator (Rapamycin) limited virus infection. Then, ATG8f was identified to interact with ChiVMV 6K2 protein directly in vitro and in vivo. The silencing of ATG8f promoted virus infection, whereas the overexpression of ATG8f inhibited virus infection. Furthermore, the expression of 6K2-GFP in ATG8f- or ATG7-silenced plants was significantly higher than that in control plants. Rapamycin treatment reduced the accumulation of 6K2-GFP in plant cells, whereas treatment with the inhibitor of the ubiquitin pathway (MG132), 3-MA, or E-64D displayed little impact on the accumulation of 6K2-GFP. Thus, our results demonstrated that ATG8f interacts with the ChiVMV 6K2 protein, promoting the degradation of 6K2 through the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Daoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Bowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Rongxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
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7
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Song L, Jiao Y, Song H, Shao Y, Zhang D, Ding C, An D, Ge M, Li Y, Shen L, Wang F, Yang J. NbMLP43 Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation via the Light Responsive Factor NbBBX24 to Promote Viral Infection. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040590. [PMID: 36831257 PMCID: PMC9954743 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in virus-host interactions. However, the mechanism by which the UPS is involved in innate immunity remains unclear. In this study, we identified a novel major latex protein-like protein 43 (NbMLP43) that conferred resistance to Nicotiana benthamiana against potato virus Y (PVY) infection. PVY infection strongly induced NbMLP43 transcription but decreased NbMLP43 at the protein level. We verified that B-box zinc finger protein 24 (NbBBX24) interacted directly with NbMLP43 and that NbBBX24, a light responsive factor, acted as an essential intermediate component targeting NbMLP43 for its ubiquitination and degradation via the UPS. PVY, tobacco mosaic virus, (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infections could promote NbMLP43 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation to enhance viral infection. Ubiquitination occurred at lysine 38 (K38) within NbMLP43, and non-ubiquitinated NbMLP43(K38R) conferred stronger resistance to RNA viruses. Overall, our results indicate that the novel NbMLP43 protein is a target of the UPS in the competition between defense and viral anti-defense and enriches existing theoretical studies on the use of UPS by viruses to promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yubing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongping Song
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yuzun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Daoshun Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chengying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Dong An
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ming Ge
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (J.Y.)
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8
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Cryo-EM structure of the plant nitrate transporter AtCLCa reveals characteristics of the anion-binding site and the ATP-binding pocket. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102833. [PMID: 36581207 PMCID: PMC9898749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is one of the major nitrogen sources for most plants. Chloride channel (CLC) proteins mediate the transport and vacuole storage of nitrate in plants, but the structural basis of nitrate transport by plant CLC proteins remains unknown. Here, we solved the cryo-EM structure of ATP-bound Arabidopsis thaliana CLCa (AtCLCa) at 2.8 Å resolution. Structural comparison between nitrate-selective AtCLCa and chloride-selective CLC-7 reveals key differences in the central anion-binding site. We observed that the central nitrate is shifted by ∼1.4 Å from chloride, which is likely caused by a weaker interaction between the anion and Pro160; the side chains of aromatic residues around the central binding site are rearranged to accommodate the larger nitrate. Additionally, we identified the ATP-binding pocket of AtCLCa to be located between the cytosolic cystathionine β-synthase domains and the N-terminus. The N-terminus may mediate the ATP inhibition of AtCLCa by interacting with both ATP and the pore-forming transmembrane helix. Together, our studies provide insights into the nitrate selectivity and ATP regulation of plant CLCs.
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9
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Construction of full-length cDNA infectious clones of Chilli veinal mottle virus. Virus Res 2022; 322:198948. [PMID: 36181976 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, causes severe diseases and poses a great threat to solanaceous crops. Reverse genetics technology is an efficient tool to facilitate the study of virus biology and pathogenicity. However, the construction of an infectious cDNA clone of ChiVMV is yet to be reported. In this study, full-length cDNA infectious clones of ChiVMV and GFP-tagged ChiVMV were constructed using yeast homologous recombination for the first time. These infectious clones were able to successfully infect host plants (Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum lycopersicum) by Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration and cause vein banding and leaf curling symptoms. Mutations were introduced to pChiVMV-GFP to investigate the role of key amino acids in ChiVMV 6K2. The results showed that substitution mutants of leucine (L9, 11) to alanine acid (A), tryptophan (W15) to alanine acid (A), and glycine (G29, 33) to valine acid (V) reduced the viral accumulation and the mutant clones were unable to induce the symptoms in N. benthamiana plants. Taken together, these infectious clones we developed will be effective tools for future studies of the function of viral factors encoded by ChiVMV and the interactions between ChiVMV and its different host plants.
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10
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Robertson G, Burger J, Campa M. CRISPR/Cas-based tools for the targeted control of plant viruses. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1701-1718. [PMID: 35920132 PMCID: PMC9562834 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are known to infect most economically important crops and pose a major threat to global food security. Currently, few resistant host phenotypes have been delineated, and while chemicals are used for crop protection against insect pests and bacterial or fungal diseases, these are inefficient against viral diseases. Genetic engineering emerged as a way of modifying the plant genome by introducing functional genes in plants to improve crop productivity under adverse environmental conditions. Recently, new breeding technologies, and in particular the exciting CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) technology, was shown to be a powerful alternative to engineer resistance against plant viruses, thus has great potential for reducing crop losses and improving plant productivity to directly contribute to food security. Indeed, it could circumvent the "Genetic modification" issues because it allows for genome editing without the integration of foreign DNA or RNA into the genome of the host plant, and it is simpler and more versatile than other new breeding technologies. In this review, we describe the predominant features of the major CRISPR/Cas systems and outline strategies for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas reagents to plant cells. We also provide an overview of recent advances that have engineered CRISPR/Cas-based resistance against DNA and RNA viruses in plants through the targeted manipulation of either the viral genome or susceptibility factors of the host plant genome. Finally, we provide insight into the limitations and challenges that CRISPR/Cas technology currently faces and discuss a few alternative applications of the technology in virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Robertson
- Department of GeneticsStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
- Department of Experimental and Health SciencesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Johan Burger
- Department of GeneticsStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Manuela Campa
- Department of GeneticsStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
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Ge M, Gong M, Jiao Y, Li Y, Shen L, Li B, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang S, Yang J. Serratia marcescens-S3 inhibits Potato virus Y by activating ubiquitination of molecular chaperone proteins NbHsc70-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1178-1188. [PMID: 34788498 PMCID: PMC8966008 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant virus that causes massive crop losses globally, especially in Solanaceae crops. A strain of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Serratia marcescens-S3 was found to inhibit PVY replication in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, there have been no in-depth studies demonstrating the underlying mechanism. In the current study, we found that ubiquitination of NbHsc70-2 is an important way for Serratia marcescens-S3 to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR). After the treatment with S. marcescens-S3, the protein level of NbHsc70-2 reduced significantly. Inhibiting of ubiquitination increased the accumulation of NbHsc70-2 in plants and reduced S. marcescens-S3-mediated resistance to PVY. Furthermore, transgenic engineered Nicotiana benthamiana NbHsc70-2KO and NbHsc70-2USM were constructed using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated NbHsc70-2 knock-out and ubiquitination respectively. S. marcescens-S3 significantly reduced the inhibition of NbHsc70-2 protein accumulation in NbHsc70-2KO and NbHsc70-2USM . The virulence of PVY was stronger in NbHsc70-2USM than the wild-type plants. These results showed that S. marcescens-S3 increases the ubiquitination of NbHsc70-2 to inhibit the recruitment of molecular chaperone NbHsc70-2 to reduce its replication and infection of PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ge
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated ManagementTobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Mingyue Gong
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and ManagementJingzhou434025China
| | - Yubing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated ManagementTobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated ManagementTobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated ManagementTobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan Province Company of China Tobacco CorporationChengdu610017China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Luoyang City Company of Henan Tobacco CompanyLuoyang471000China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated ManagementTobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and ManagementJingzhou434025China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated ManagementTobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao266101China
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12
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GmDREB6, a soybean transcription factor, notably affects the transcription of the NtP5CS and NtCLC genes in transgenic tobacco under salt stress conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7175-7181. [PMID: 34867020 PMCID: PMC8626241 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is contaminated with salinity, which inhibits plant growth and development and reduces crop yields. The DREB (dehydration responsive element binding protein) gene responds to salt stresses through enhanced transcriptional expression and activation of genes involved in plant salinity resistance. In this study, we present the results of the analysis of the expression of the GmDREB6 transgene, a gene that encodes the soybean DREB6 transcription factor, regulating the transcription of the NtP5CS and NtCLC genes in transgenic tobacco under salt stress conditions. The transcription of GmDREB6, NtP5CS, and NtCLC in transgenic tobacco lines was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Under salt stress conditions, the GmDREB6 gene transcription levels in the transgenic tobacco lines L1 and L9 had increased from 2.40- to 3.22- fold compared with the condition without salinity treatment. Two transgenic lines, L1 and L9, had transcription levels of the P5CS gene that had increased from 1.24- to 3.60- fold compared with WT plants. For the NtCLC gene, under salt stress conditions, the transgenic lines had transcription levels that had increased by 3.65–4.54 (fold) compared with WT plants (P < 0.05). The L1-transgenic tobacco line showed simultaneous expression of both the GmDREB6 transgene and two intrinsic genes, the NtP5CS and NtCLC genes. This study demonstrated that expression of the GmDREB6 gene from soybean increases the transcription levels of the NtP5CS and NtCLC genes in transgenic tobacco plants under salt stress conditions. The analysis results have suggested that the GmDREB6 gene is a potential candidate for improving the salt tolerance of plants, opening up research and development opportunities for salt stress-tolerant crops to respond to climate change and the rise in sea levels.
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Mushtaq M, Dar AA, Basu U, Bhat BA, Mir RA, Vats S, Dar MS, Tyagi A, Ali S, Bansal M, Rai GK, Wani SH. Integrating CRISPR-Cas and Next Generation Sequencing in Plant Virology. Front Genet 2021; 12:735489. [PMID: 34759957 PMCID: PMC8572880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.735489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathology has been revolutionized by the emergence and intervention of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) which provide a fast, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic for any class of pathogens. NGS has made tremendous advancements in the area of research and diagnostics of plant infecting viromes and has bridged plant virology with other advanced research fields like genome editing technologies. NGS in a broader perspective holds the potential for plant health improvement by diagnosing and mitigating the new or unusual symptoms caused by novel/unidentified viruses. CRISPR-based genome editing technologies can enable rapid engineering of efficient viral/viroid resistance by directly targeting specific nucleotide sites of plant viruses and viroids. Critical genes such as eIf (iso) 4E or eIF4E have been targeted via the CRISPR platform to produce plants resistant to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. CRISPR/Cas-based multi-target DNA or RNA tests can be used for rapid and accurate diagnostic assays for plant viruses and viroids. Integrating NGS with CRISPR-based genome editing technologies may lead to a paradigm shift in combating deadly disease-causing plant viruses/viroids at the genomic level. Furthermore, the newly discovered CRISPR/Cas13 system has unprecedented potential in plant viroid diagnostics and interference. In this review, we have highlighted the application and importance of sequencing technologies on covering the viral genomes for precise modulations. This review also provides a snapshot vision of emerging developments in NGS technologies for the characterization of plant viruses and their potential utilities, advantages, and limitations in plant viral diagnostics. Furthermore, some of the notable advances like novel virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system that confers virus resistance with no off-target effects have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntazir Mushtaq
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Aejaz Ahmad Dar
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Umer Basu
- Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | | | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, India
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - M. S. Dar
- Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Monika Bansal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Subba A, Tomar S, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. The chloride channels: Silently serving the plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:688-702. [PMID: 33034380 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloride channels (CLCs), member of anion transporting proteins, are present ubiquitously in all life forms. Diverging from its name, the CLC family includes both channel and exchanger (proton-coupled) proteins; nevertheless, they share conserved structural organization. They are engaged in diverse indispensable functions such as acid and fluoride tolerance in prokaryotes to muscle stabilization, transepithelial transport, and neuronal development in mammals. Mutations in genes encoding CLCs lead to several physiological disorders in different organisms, including severe diseases in humans. Even in plants, loss of CLC protein function severely impairs various cellular processes critical for normal growth and development. These proteins sequester Cl- into the vacuole, thus, making them an attractive target for improving salinity tolerance in plants caused by high abundance of salts, primarily NaCl. Besides, some CLCs are involved in NO3 - transport and storage function in plants, thus, influencing their nitrogen use efficiency. However, despite their high significance, not many studies have been carried out in plants. Here, we have attempted to concisely highlight the basic structure of CLC proteins and critical residues essential for their function and classification. We also present the diverse functions of CLCs in plants from their first cloning back in 1996 to the knowledge acquired as of now. We stress the need for carrying out more in-depth studies on CLCs in plants, for they may have future applications towards crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Subba
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Tomar
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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15
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Schenke D, Cai D. Applications of CRISPR/Cas to Improve Crop Disease Resistance: Beyond Inactivation of Susceptibility Factors. iScience 2020; 23:101478. [PMID: 32891884 PMCID: PMC7479627 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current crop production systems are prone to increasing pathogen pressure. Fundamental understanding of molecular plant-pathogen interactions, the availability of crop and pathogen genomic information, as well as emerging genome editing permits a novel approach for breeding of crop disease resistance. We describe here strategies to identify new targets for resistance breeding with focus on interruption of the compatible plant-pathogen interaction by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing. Basically, crop genome editing can be applied in several ways to achieve this goal. The most common approach focuses on the "simple" knockout by non-homologous end joining repair of plant susceptibility factors required for efficient host colonization. However, genome re-writing via homology-directed repair or base editing can also prevent host manipulation by changing the targets of pathogen-derived effectors or molecules beyond recognition, which also decreases plant susceptibility. We conclude that genome editing by CRISPR/Cas will become increasingly indispensable to generate in relatively short time beneficial resistance traits in crops to meet upcoming challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schenke
- Institute of Phytopathology, Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann Rodewald Str. 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daguang Cai
- Institute of Phytopathology, Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann Rodewald Str. 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Hyodo K, Okuno T. Hijacking of host cellular components as proviral factors by plant-infecting viruses. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:37-86. [PMID: 32711734 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses are important pathogens that cause serious crop losses worldwide. They are obligate intracellular parasites that commandeer a wide array of proteins, as well as metabolic resources, from infected host cells. In the past two decades, our knowledge of plant-virus interactions at the molecular level has exploded, which provides insights into how plant-infecting viruses co-opt host cellular machineries to accomplish their infection. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how plant viruses divert cellular components from their original roles to proviral functions. One emerging theme is that plant viruses have versatile strategies that integrate a host factor that is normally engaged in plant defense against invading pathogens into a viral protein complex that facilitates viral infection. We also highlight viral manipulation of cellular key regulatory systems for successful virus infection: posttranslational protein modifications for fine control of viral and cellular protein dynamics; glycolysis and fermentation pathways to usurp host resources, and ion homeostasis to create a cellular environment that is beneficial for viral genome replication. A deeper understanding of viral-infection strategies will pave the way for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Hyodo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Okuno
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Song L, Wang J, Jia H, Kamran A, Qin Y, Liu Y, Hao K, Han F, Zhang C, Li B, Li Y, Shen L, Wang F, Wu Y, Yang J. Identification and functional characterization of NbMLP28, a novel MLP-like protein 28 enhancing Potato virus Y resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32143563 PMCID: PMC7060652 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major latex proteins (MLPs) belong to the MLP subfamily in Bet v 1 protein family and respond to both biotic and abiotic stresses, which play critical roles in plant disease resistance. As the type species of widely distributed and economically devastating Potyvirus, Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the major constraints to important crop plants including tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) worldwide. Despite the great losses owing to PVY infection in tobacco, there is no previous study investigating the potential role of MLPs in developing resistance to viral infection. RESULTS In this study, for the first time we have identified and functionally analyzed the MLP-like protein 28 from N. benthamiana, denoted as NbMLP28 and investigated its role in conferring resistance to N. benthamiana against PVY infection. NbMLP28 was localized to the plasmalemma and nucleus, with the highest level in the root. NbMLP28 gene was hypothesized to be triggered by PVY infection and was highly expressed in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Further validation was achieved through silencing of NbMLP28 through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) that rendered N. benthamiana plants more vulnerable to PVY infection, contrary to overexpression that enhanced resistance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this is the first study describing the role of NbMLP28 in tobacco against PVY infection and provide a pivotal point towards obtaining pathogen-resistant tobacco varieties through constructing new candidate genes of MLP subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Song
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ali Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanxia Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kaiqiang Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Science and Technology, State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Jiangxi Tobacco Research Institute, Nanchang, 330025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan Tobacco Company, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Baoshan Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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