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Fang K, Yang AL, Li YX, Zeng ZY, Wang RF, Li T, Zhao ZW, Zhang HB. Native plants change the endophyte assembly and growth of an invasive plant in response to climatic factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0109323. [PMID: 37815356 PMCID: PMC10617555 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01093-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, microbial endophytes, and local plants can affect the establishment and expansion of invasive species, yet no study has been performed to assess these interactions. Using a growth chamber, we integrated the belowground (rhizosphere soils) and aboveground (mixture of mature leaf and leaf litter) microbiota into an experimental framework to evaluate the impacts of four native plants acting as microbial inoculation sources on endophyte assembly and growth of the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora in response to drought stress and temperature change. We found that fungal and bacterial enrichment in the leaves and roots of A. adenophora exhibited distinct patterns in response to climatic factors. Many fungi were enriched in roots in response to high temperature and drought stress; in contrast, many bacteria were enriched in leaves in response to low temperature and drought stress. Inoculation of microbiota from phylogenetically close native plant species (i.e., Asteraceae Artemisia atrovirens) causes the recipient plant A. adenophora (Asteraceae) to enrich dominant microbial species from inoculation sources, which commonly results in a lower dissimilar endophytic microbiota and thus produces more negative growth effects when compared to non-Asteraceae inoculations. Drought, microbial inoculation source, and temperature directly impacted the growth of A. adenophora. Both drought and inoculation also indirectly impacted the growth of A. adenophora by changing the root endophytic fungal assembly. Our data indicate that native plant identity can greatly impact the endophyte assembly and host growth of invasive plants, which is regulated by drought and temperature.IMPORTANCEThere has been increasing interest in the interactions between global changes and plant invasions; however, it remains to quantify the role of microbial endophytes in plant invasion with a consideration of their variation in the root vs leaf of hosts, as well as the linkages between microbial inoculations, such as native plant species, and climatic factors, such as temperature and drought. Our study found that local plants acting as microbial inoculants can impact fungal and bacterial enrichment in the leaves and roots of the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora and thus produce distinct growth effects in response to climatic factors; endophyte-mediated invasion of A. adenophora is expected to operate more effectively under favorable moisture. Our study is important for understanding the interactions between climate change, microbial endophytes, and local plant identity in the establishment and expansion of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Fang Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Zeng Z, Yang Z, Yang A, Li Y, Zhang H. Genetic Evidence for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Transmission Between the Invasive Plant Ageratina adenophora and Co-occurring Neighbor Plants. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2192-2201. [PMID: 37166500 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the disease-mediated invasion of exotic plants and the potential risk of disease transmission in local ecosystems, it is necessary to characterize population genetic structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of fungal community associated with both invasive and co-occurring plants. In this study, multiple genes were used to characterize the genetic diversity of 165 strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC) isolated from healthy leaves and symptomatic leaves of invasive plant Ageratina adenophora, as well as symptomatic leaves of its neighbor plants from eleven geographic sites in China. The data showed that these CGSC strains had a high genetic diversity in each geographic site (all Hd > 0.67 and Pi > 0.01). Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity varied greatly in individual gene locus: gs had the highest haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.8972), gapdh had the highest nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0.0705), and ITS had the lowest nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0.0074). Haplotypes were not clustered by geographic site, invasive age, or isolation source. AMOVA revealed that the genetic variation was mainly from within-populations, regardless of geographic or isolation origin. Both AMOVA and neutrality tests indicated these CGSC strains occurred gene exchange among geographic populations but did not experience population expansion along with A. adenophora invasion progress. Our data indicated that A. adenophora primarily accumulated these CGSC fungi in the introduced range, suggesting a high frequency of CGSC transmission between A. adenophora and co-occurring neighbor plants. This study is valuable for understanding the disease-mediated plant invasion and the potential risk of disease transmission driven by exotic plants in local ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoYing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - ZhiPing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - AiLing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - YuXuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - HanBo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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Ab Razak N, Gange AC, Sutton BC, Mansor A. The Invasive Plant Impatiens glandulifera Manipulates Microbial Associates of Competing Native Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1552. [PMID: 37050178 PMCID: PMC10096542 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Impatiens glandulifera or Himalayan balsam is one of the most invasive weeds across Europe and can seriously reduce native plant diversity. It often forms continuous monocultures along river banks, but the mechanisms of this arrested succession are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on balsam competitive ability with two native plant species, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. We also studied how competition with Impatiens affects colonisation by foliar endophytes and mycorrhizas of two other co-occurring native species, Urtica dioica and Cirsium arvense. Mycorrhizal colonisation reduced balsam growth when the plants were grown singly, but appeared to have little effect when balsam experienced intra- or interspecific competition. Competition with balsam together with the addition of mycorrhizas had no effect on P. lanceolata biomass, suggesting that the fungi were beneficial to the latter, enabling it to compete effectively with balsam. However, this was not so with H. lanatus. Meanwhile, competition with Impatiens reduced endophyte numbers and mycorrhizal colonisation in U. dioica and C. arvense, leading to enhanced susceptibility of these plants to insect attack. Himalayan balsam is known to degrade soil fungal populations and can also reduce foliar beneficial fungi in neighbouring plants. This allows the plant to compete effectively with itself and other native species, thereby leading to the continuous monocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ab Razak
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Alan C. Gange
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK; (A.C.G.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Brian C. Sutton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK; (A.C.G.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Asyraf Mansor
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
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Yang AL, Chen L, Cheng L, Li JP, Zeng ZY, Zhang HB. Two Novel Species of Mesophoma gen. nov. from China. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:129. [PMID: 36884095 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
During an investigation of the fungal pathogens associated with the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora from China, some interesting isolates were obtained from healthy leaf, leaf spot, and roots of this weed. Among them, a novel genus Mesophoma, containing two novel species M. speciosa and M. ageratinae, was found. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large nuclear subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and the partial β-tubulin (tub2) sequences, showed that M. speciosa and M. ageratinae formed a distinct clade far from all genera previously described in the family Didymellaceae. Combined distinctive morphological characters, including smaller and aseptate conidia when comparing with nearby genera Stagonosporopsis, Boeremia, and Heterphoma, allowed us to describe them as novel species belonging to a novel genus Mesophoma. The full descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of both M. speciosa and M. ageratinae are provided in this paper. Moreover, the potential for two strains belonging to these two species to be developed into a biocontrol for the spread of the invasive weed Ag. adenophora is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China.,School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China.,School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China. .,School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Vulnerability of non-native invasive plants to novel pathogen attack: do plant traits matter? Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chen L, Yang AL, Li YX, Zhang HB. Virulence and Host Range of Fungi Associated With the Invasive Plant Ageratina adenophora. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857796. [PMID: 35558123 PMCID: PMC9087049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether disease-mediated invasion of exotic plants can occur and whether this increases the risk of disease transmission in local ecosystems, it is necessary to characterize the species composition and host range of pathogens accumulated in invasive plants. In this study, we found that Didymellaceae, a family containing economically important plant fungal pathogens, is commonly associated with the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora. Accordingly, we characterized its phylogenetic position through multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, as well as its environmental distribution, virulence, and host range. The results indicated that 213 fungal collections were from 11 genera in Didymellaceae, ten of which are known, and one is potentially new. Didymella, Epicoccum, Remotididymella, and Mesophoma were the dominant genera, accounting for 93% of total isolates. The virulence and host ranges of these fungi were related to their phylogenetic relationship. Boeremia exigua, Epicoccum latusicollum, and E. sorghinum were found to be strongly virulent toward all tested native plants as well as toward A. adenophora; M. speciosa and M. ageratinae were weakly virulent toward native plants but strongly virulent toward A. adenophora, thus displaying a narrow host range. Co-evolution analysis showed no strong phylogenetical signal between Didymellaceae and host plants. Isolates S188 and Y122 (belonging to M. speciosa and M. ageratinae, respectively) showed strong virulence toward A. adenophora relative to native plants, highlighting their potential as biocontrol agents for A. adenophora invasion. This study provides new insights into the understanding of the long-term ecological consequences of disease transmission driven by plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ai-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Li YX, Dong XF, Yang AL, Zhang HB. Diversity and pathogenicity of Alternaria species associated with the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora and local plants. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13012. [PMID: 35251785 PMCID: PMC8893028 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen accumulation after introduction is unavoidable for exotic plants over a long period of time. Therefore, it is important to understand whether plant invasion promotes novel pathogen emergence and increases the risk of pathogen movement among agricultural, horticultural, and wild native plants. In this study, we used multiple gene analysis to characterize the species composition of 104 isolates of Alternaria obtained from the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora and native plants from Yunnan, Hubei, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Guangxi in China. Phylogenetically, these strains were from A. alternata (88.5%), A. gossypina (10.6%) and A. steviae (0.9%). There was a high amount of sharing between strains associated with A. adenophora and with local plants. Pathogenicity tests indicated that most of these Alternaria strains are generalists; the isolates with a wider host range were more virulent to the plant. Woody plants were more resistant to these strains than herbaceous plants and vines. However, the invasive plant A. adenophora was highly sensitive to these strains. Our data are valuable for understanding how A. adenophora invasion impacts the Alternaria species composition of the native plant and whether A. adenophora invasion causes potential disease risks in invaded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kuming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xing-Fan Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kuming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ai-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kuming, Yunnan, China,School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kuming, Yunnan, China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kuming, Yunnan, China
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Okyere SK, Wen J, Cui Y, Xie L, Gao P, Zhang M, Wang J, Wang S, Ran Y, Ren Z, Hu Y. Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820236. [PMID: 35250935 PMCID: PMC8891614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to identify potential probiotic endophytes from Ageratina adenophora and evaluate their ameliorating effects on gut injury and integrity damage associated with microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed high fat diet. Using morphological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, two bacteria endophytes were identified as strains of Bacillus toyonensis and were named Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 (GenBank No. MW287198) and Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20 (GenBank No. MW287199). Sixty (60) mice were divided into five groups, group 1 was the negative control fed normal diet (NS), group 2 was fed High fat diet (HF), Group 3 was fed High fat diet + 106 Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), group 4 was fed High fat + 106 Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and group 5 fed High fat diet + 106 Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20. After 35 days, histological and immunohistochemistry examination were performed in the ileum tissues. Furthermore, DAO and antioxidants activities were measured in serum, mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and inflammation related cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the ileum tissues as well as sIgA levels and total bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus) in the small intestine and cecum content. The results showed an increase in the DAO activity, oxidative stress parameter (MDA), pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2), reduce immunity (sIgA), and destroyed intestinal structure and integrity (reduce tight junction proteins) in the high fat diet group and this was associated with destruction of the gut microbiota composition (increasing pathogenic bacteria; E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and reducing beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus spp.) in mice (P < 0.05). However, the administration of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 reverted these effects. Our findings indicated that, Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 isolated from A. adenophora could prevent the excess weight gain from high fat diet feeding, improved antioxidant status and alleviated the intestine integrity damage as well as reduce the population of enteric bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus and increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus in the gut of mice fed high fat diet, therefore, can serve as a potential probiotics in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Yu Z, Jiang X, Zheng H, Zhang H, Qiao M. Fourteen New Species of Foliar Colletotrichum Associated with the Invasive Plant Ageratinaadenophora and Surrounding Crops. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020185. [PMID: 35205939 PMCID: PMC8879954 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageratina adenophora is one of the most invasive weeds in China. Following an outbreak in Yunnan in the 1960s, A. adenophora has been spreading in Southwest China at tremendous speed. Previous research indicated A. adenophora contained many Colletotrichum species as endophytes. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Colletotrichum in healthy and diseased leaves of the invasive plant A. adenophora and several surrounding crops in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou provinces in China, and obtained over 1000 Colletotrichum strains. After preliminary delimitation using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences, 44 representative strains were selected for further study. Their phylogenetic positions were determined by phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of ITS, actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and beta-tubulin (TUB2). Combined with morphological characteristics, 14 new Colletotrichum species were named as C. adenophorae, C. analogum, C. cangyuanense, C. dimorphum, C. gracile, C. nanhuaense, C. nullisetosum, C. oblongisporum, C. parvisporum, C. robustum, C. simulanticitri, C. speciosum, C. subhenanense, and C. yunajiangense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hanbo Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
| | - Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
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10
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Eppinga MB, Haber EA, Sweeney L, Santos MJ, Rietkerk M, Wassen MJ. Antigonon leptopus invasion is associated with plant community disassembly in a Caribbean island ecosystem. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasions by non-native plant species are widely recognized as a major driver of biodiversity loss. Globally, (sub-)tropical islands form important components of biodiversity hotspots, while being particularly susceptible to invasions by plants in general and vines in particular. We studied the impact of the invasive vine A. leptopus on the diversity and structure of recipient plant communities on the northern Caribbean island St. Eustatius. We used a paired-plot design to study differences in species richness, evenness and community structure under A. leptopus-invaded and uninvaded conditions. Community structure was studied through species co-occurrence patterns. We found that in plots invaded by A. leptopus, species richness was 40–50% lower, and these plots also exhibited lower evenness. The magnitude of these negative impacts increased with increasing cover of A. leptopus. Invaded plots also showed higher degrees of homogeneity in species composition. Species co-occurrence patterns indicated that plant communities in uninvaded plots were characterized by segregation, whereas recipient plant communities in invaded plots exhibited random co-occurrence patterns. These observations suggest that invasion of A. leptopus is not only associated with reduced species richness and evenness of recipient communities in invaded sites, but also with a community disassembly process that may reduce diversity between sites. Given that A. leptopus is a successful invader of (sub-)tropical islands around the globe, these impacts on plant community structure highlight that this invasive species could be a particular conservation concern for these systems.
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YE HAITAO, LUO SHIQIONG, YANG ZHANNAN, WANG YUANSHUAI, DING QIAN. Latent Pathogenic Fungi in the Medicinal Plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Are Modulated by Secondary Metabolites and Colonizing Microbiota Originating from Soil. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:359-372. [PMID: 34584530 PMCID: PMC8458996 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent pathogenic fungi (LPFs) affect plant growth, but some of them may stably colonize plants. LPFs were isolated from healthy Houttuynia cordata rhizomes to reveal this mechanism and identified as Ilyonectria liriodendri, an unidentified fungal sp., and Penicillium citrinum. Sterile H. cordata seedlings were cultivated in sterile or non-sterile soils and inoculated with the LPFs, followed by the plants' analysis. The in vitro antifungal activity of H. cordata rhizome crude extracts on LPF were determined. The effect of inoculation of sterile seedlings by LPFs on the concentrations of rhizome phenolics was evaluated. The rates of in vitro growth inhibition amongst LPFs were determined. The LPFs had a strong negative effect on H. cordata in sterile soil; microbiota in non-sterile soil eliminated such influence. There was an interactive inhibition among LPFs; the secondary metabolites also regulated their colonization in H. cordata rhizomes. LPFs changed the accumulation of phenolics in H. cordata. The results provide that colonization of LPFs in rhizomes was regulated by the colonizing microbiota of H. cordata, the secondary metabolites in the H. cordata rhizomes, and the mutual inhibition and competition between the different latent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAI-TAO YE
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - SHI-QIONG LUO
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - ZHAN-NAN YANG
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - YUAN-SHUAI WANG
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - QIAN DING
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
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12
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Fang K, Zhou J, Chen L, Li YX, Yang AL, Dong XF, Zhang HB. Virulence and community dynamics of fungal species with vertical and horizontal transmission on a plant with multiple infections. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009769. [PMID: 34265026 PMCID: PMC8315517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulence evolution of multiple infections of parasites from the same species has been modeled widely in evolution theory. However, experimental studies on this topic remain scarce, particularly regarding multiple infections by different parasite species. Here, we characterized the virulence and community dynamics of fungal pathogens on the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora to verify the predictions made by the model. We observed that A. adenophora was highly susceptible to diverse foliar pathogens with mixed vertical and horizontal transmission within leaf spots. The transmission mode mainly determined the pathogen community structure at the leaf spot level. Over time, the pathogen community within a leaf spot showed decreased Shannon diversity; moreover, the vertically transmitted pathogens exhibited decreased virulence to the host A. adenophora, but the horizontally transmitted pathogens exhibited increased virulence to the host. Our results demonstrate that the predictions of classical models for the virulence evolution of multiple infections are still valid in a complex realistic environment and highlight the impact of transmission mode on disease epidemics of foliar fungal pathogens. We also propose that seedborne fungi play an important role in structuring the foliar pathogen community from multiple infections within a leaf spot. A growing number of examples indicate that many plant diseases are caused by multiple taxa of microbes. Therefore, how virulence evolves in the context of multiple infections by different species with both vertical and horizontal transmission modes represents an important area of pathogen ecology and evolution, but there is a lack of experimental study. Here, we employ a naturally occurring host-parasite system, the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora and its foliar pathogens, to verify that theoretical predictions of classical models for virulence evolution are still valid in a complex realistic environment, i.e., the transmission mode determines the dynamics of the virulence and pathogen community under multiple infections. Moreover, we propose that seedborne fungi are important in structuring the foliar pathogen community consisting of multiple infections within a leaf spot. Our findings provide valuable information for understanding how multiple infections affect the key components, i.e., the virulence evolution and pathogen community dynamics, of host-pathogen interactions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ai-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Fan Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Kendig AE, Svahnström VJ, Adhikari A, Harmon PF, Flory SL. Emerging fungal pathogen of an invasive grass: Implications for competition with native plant species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0237894. [PMID: 33647021 PMCID: PMC7920361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and invasive species can be strong drivers of biological systems that may interact to shift plant community composition. For example, disease can modify resource competition between invasive and native species. Invasive species tend to interact with a diversity of native species, and it is unclear how native species differ in response to disease-mediated competition with invasive species. Here, we quantified the biomass responses of three native North American grass species (Dichanthelium clandestinum, Elymus virginicus, and Eragrostis spectabilis) to disease-mediated competition with the non-native invasive grass Microstegium vimineum. The foliar fungal pathogen Bipolaris gigantea has recently emerged in Microstegium populations, causing a leaf spot disease that reduces Microstegium biomass and seed production. In a greenhouse experiment, we examined the effects of B. gigantea inoculation on two components of competitive ability for each native species: growth in the absence of competition and biomass responses to increasing densities of Microstegium. Bipolaris gigantea inoculation affected each of the three native species in unique ways, by increasing (Dichanthelium), decreasing (Elymus), or not changing (Eragrostis) their growth in the absence of competition relative to mock inoculation. Bipolaris gigantea inoculation did not, however, affect Microstegium biomass or mediate the effect of Microstegium density on native plant biomass. Thus, B. gigantea had species-specific effects on native plant competition with Microstegium through species-specific biomass responses to B. gigantea inoculation, but not through modified responses to Microstegium density. Our results suggest that disease may uniquely modify competitive interactions between invasive and native plants for different native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Kendig
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Ashish Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Philip F. Harmon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - S. Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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14
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Vignassa M, Meile JC, Chiroleu F, Soria C, Leneveu-Jenvrin C, Schorr-Galindo S, Chillet M. Pineapple Mycobiome Related to Fruitlet Core Rot Occurrence and the Influence of Fungal Species Dispersion Patterns. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:175. [PMID: 33670857 PMCID: PMC7997448 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is a fungal disease that negatively impacts the quality of pineapple, in particular the 'Queen Victoria' cultivar. The main FCR causal agent has been identified as Fusariumananatum. This study focused on the correlation between FCR disease occurrence, fungal diversity, and environmental factors. FCR incidence and fungal species repartition patterns were spatially contextualized with specific surrounding parameters of the experimental plots. The mycobiome composition of healthy and diseased fruitlets was compared in order to search for potential fungal markers. A total of 240 pineapple fruits were sampled, and 344 fungal isolates were identified as belonging to 49 species among 17 genera. FCR symptom distribution revealed a significant gradient that correlated to that of the most abundant fungal species. The association of wind direction and the position of proximal cultivated crops sharing pathogens constituted an elevated risk of FCR incidence. Five highly represented species were assayed by Koch's postulates, and their pathogenicity was confirmed. These novel pathogens belonging to Fusariumfujikuroi and Talaromycespurpureogenus species complexes were identified, unravelling the complexity of the FCR pathosystem and the difficulty of apprehending the pathogenesis over the last several decades. This study revealed that FCR is an airborne disease characterized by a multi-partite pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Vignassa
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR Qua-lisud, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, 97410 Réunion, France; (J.-C.M.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France;
| | - Jean-Christophe Meile
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR Qua-lisud, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, 97410 Réunion, France; (J.-C.M.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France;
| | - Frédéric Chiroleu
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, F-97410 La Réunion, France;
| | - Christian Soria
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR Qua-lisud, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, 97410 Réunion, France; (J.-C.M.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France;
| | - Charlène Leneveu-Jenvrin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Université de La Réunion, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, Sainte-Clotilde, France;
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France;
| | - Marc Chillet
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR Qua-lisud, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, 97410 Réunion, France; (J.-C.M.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France;
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15
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Fang K, Chen L, Zhang H. Evaluation of foliar fungus-mediated interactions with below and aboveground enemies of the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:526-535. [PMID: 33437448 PMCID: PMC7790651 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-fungal associations are frequently key drivers of plant invasion success. Foliar fungi can benefit their invasive hosts by enhancing growth promotion, disease resistance and environmental stress tolerance. However, the roles of foliar fungi may vary when a given invasive plant faces different stresses. In this study, we designed three independent experiments to evaluate the effects of a foliar fungus, Colletotrichum sp., on the growth performance of the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora under different soil conditions, as well as the responses of A. adenophora to the foliar fungal pathogen Diaporthe helianthi and to herbivory. We found that the soil type was the most influential factor for the growth of A. adenophora. The role of the foliar fungus Colletotrichum sp. varied in the different soil types but generally adversely affected leaf development in A. adenophora. Colletotrichum sp. may be a weak latent foliar pathogen that can enhance the pathogenicity of D. helianthi on leaves of A. adenophora and marginally reduce signs of herbivory by natural insects in the wild on A. adenophora seedlings. In general, the benefits of the foliar fungus Colletotrichum to the fitness of A. adenophora are not significant in the context of this experimental design. However, our data highlight the need to consider both aboveground and belowground biota in different soil habitats when evaluating the effects of foliar fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fang
- School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in YunnanYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Li‐Min Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland SciencesChengduChina
| | - Han‐Bo Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in YunnanYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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16
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Yang AL, Chen L, Fang K, Dong XF, Li YX, Zhang HB, Yu ZF. Remotididymella ageratinae sp. nov. and Remotididymella anemophila sp. nov., two novel species isolated from the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora in PR China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 71. [PMID: 33206031 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine if Ageratina adenophora can accumulate diverse pathogens from surrounding native plants, we intensively sampled fungal communities, including endophytes, leaf spot pathogens and canopy air fungi, associated with Ag. adenophora as well as native plants in its invasive range. In total, we collected 4542 foliar fungal strains from 10 geographic sites, including 1340 from healthy leaves of Ag. adenophora, 2051 from leaf spots of Ag. adenophora and 1151 from leaf spots of 56 species of native plants and crops. Taxonomically, the common fungal genera included Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Alternaria, Nemania, Xylaria, Neofusicoccum, Nigrospora, Epicoccum, Gibberella, Pestalotiopsis, Irpex, Schizophyllum and Clonostachys. We also isolated the cultivable fungi from 12 air samples collected from six areas in Yunnan Province, PR China. Among the total of 1255 air fungal isolates, the most common genera were Cladosporium, Trichoderma and Epicoccum. Among them, two new Remotididymella species, Remotididymella ageratinae from leaf spot of Ag. adenophora and Remotididymella anemophila from canopy air of Ag. adenophora were found. The two species showed both asexual and sexual reproductive structures. The conidia of R. ageratinae and R. anemophila are larger than those of R. anthropophila and R. destructiva. The size of ascospores of R. ageratinae and R. anemophila also differ from R. bauhiniae. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS, LSU rRNA, rpb2 and tub2 sequences showed that R. ageratinae and R. anemophila each formed a distinct clade, separated from all species previously described in Remotididymella and confirmed them as new species belonging to Remotididymella. Full descriptions of R. ageratinae and R. anemophila are provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Yang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China.,Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Kai Fang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China.,Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Xing-Fan Dong
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China.,Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Ze-Fen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
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Phragmites australis Associates with Belowground Fungal Communities Characterized by High Diversity and Pathogen Abundance. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12090363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts are gaining attention as crucial drivers of invasive species spread and dominance. To date, much research has quantified the net effects of plant–microbe interactions on the relative success of native and invasive species. However, little is known about how the structure (composition and diversity) of microbial symbionts can differ among native and invasive species, or vary across the invasive landscape. Here, we explore the structure of endosphere and soil fungal communities associated with a monoculture-forming widespread invader, Phragmites australis, and co-occurring native species. Using field survey data from marshes in coastal Louisiana, we tested three hypotheses: (1) Phragmites australis root and soil fungal communities differ from that of co-occurring natives, (2) Phragmites australis monocultures harbor distinct fungal communities at the expanding edge compared to the monodominant center, and (3) proximity to the P. australis invading front alters native root endosphere and soil fungal community structure. We found that P. australis cultivates root and soil fungal communities with higher richness, diversity, and pathogen abundances compared to native species. While P. australis was found to have higher endosphere pathogen abundances at its expanding edge compared to the monodominant center, we found no evidence of compositional changes or pathogen spillover in native species in close proximity to the invasion front. This work suggests that field measurements of fungal endosphere communities in native and invasive plants are useful to help understand (or rule out) mechanisms of invasion.
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