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Lecomte X, Bugalho MN, Catry FX, Fernandes PM, Cera A, Caldeira MC. Ungulates mitigate the effects of drought and shrub encroachment on the fire hazard of Mediterranean oak woodlands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2971. [PMID: 38581136 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of droughts and the risk of severe wildfires, which can interact with shrub encroachment and browsing by wild ungulates. Wild ungulate populations are expanding due, among other factors, to favorable habitat changes resulting from land abandonment or land-use changes. Understanding how ungulate browsing interacts with drought to affect woody plant mortality, plant flammability, and fire hazard is especially relevant in the context of climate change and increasing frequency of wildfires. The aim of this study is to explore the combined effects of cumulative drought, shrub encroachment, and ungulate browsing on the fire hazard of Mediterranean oak woodlands in Portugal. In a long-term (18 years) ungulate fencing exclusion experiment that simulated land abandonment and management neglect, we investigated the population dynamics of the native shrub Cistus ladanifer, which naturally dominates the understory of woodlands and is browsed by ungulates, comparing areas with (no fencing) and without (fencing) wild ungulate browsing. We also modeled fire behavior in browsed and unbrowsed plots considering drought and nondrought scenarios. Specifically, we estimated C. ladanifer population density, biomass, and fuel load characteristics, which were used to model fire behavior in drought and nondrought scenarios. Overall, drought increased the proportion of dead C. ladanifer shrub individuals, which was higher in the browsed plots. Drought decreased the ratio of live to dead shrub plant material, increased total fuel loading, shrub stand flammability, and the modeled fire parameters, that is, rate of surface fire spread, fireline intensity, and flame length. However, total fuel load and fire hazard were lower in browsed than unbrowsed plots, both in drought and nondrought scenarios. Browsing also decreased the population density of living shrubs, halting shrub encroachment. Our study provides long-term experimental evidence showing the role of wild ungulates in mitigating drought effects on fire hazard in shrub-encroached Mediterranean oak woodlands. Our results also emphasize that the long-term effects of land abandonment can interact with climate change drivers, affecting wildfire hazard. This is particularly relevant given the increasing incidence of land abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Lecomte
- Forest Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Center for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe X Catry
- Center for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo M Fernandes
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- ForestWISE-Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest and Fire Management, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreu Cera
- Center for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Haberstroh S, Kübert A, Werner C. Two common pitfalls in the analysis of water-stable isotopologues with cryogenic vacuum extraction and cavity ring-down spectroscopy. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 5:2300053. [PMID: 38827022 PMCID: PMC11142394 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Water stable isotopologue analysis is widely used to disentangle ecohydrological processes. Yet, there are increasing reports of measurement uncertainties for established and emerging methods, such as cryogenic vacuum extraction (CVE) or cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). With this study, we investigate two pitfalls, that potentially contribute to uncertainties in water-stable isotopologue research. To investigate fractionation sources in CVE, we extracted pure water of known isotopic composition with cotton, glass wool or without cover and compared the isotopologue results with non-extracted reference samples. To characterise the dependency of δ2H and δ18O on the water mixing ratio in CRDS, which is of high importance for in-situ applications with large natural variations in mixing ratios, we chose samples with a large range of isotopic compositions and determined δ2H and δ18O for different water mixing ratios with two CRDS analysers (Picarro, Inc.). Cotton wool had a strong fractionation effect on δ2H values, which increased with more 2H-enriched samples. δ2H and δ18O values showed a strong dependency on the water mixing ratio analysed with CRDS with differences of up to 34.5‰ (δ2H) and 3.9‰ (δ18O) for the same sample at different mixing ratios. CVE and CRDS, now routinely applied in water stable isotopologue research, come with pitfalls, namely fractionation effects of cover materials and water mixing ratio dependencies of δ2H and δ18O, which can lead to erroneous isotopologue results and thus, invalid conclusions about (ecohydrological) processes. These practical issues identified here should be reported and addressed adequately in water-stable isotopologue research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haberstroh
- Ecosystem PhysiologyFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesInstitute of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem PhysiologyFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesInstitute of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem PhysiologyFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesInstitute of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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3
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Otieno EO, Shen C, Zhang K, Wan J, He M, Tao Z, Huang W, Siemann E. Effects of nutrient pulses on exotic species shift from positive to neutral with decreasing water availability. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2805. [PMID: 36583667 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Temporal fluctuation in nutrient availability generally promotes the growth of exotic plant species and has been recognized as an important driver of exotic plant invasions. However, little is known about how the impact of fluctuating nutrients on exotic species is dependent on the availability of other resources, although most ecosystems are experiencing dramatic variations in a wide variety of resources due to global change and human disturbance. Here, we explored how water availability mediates the effect of nutrient pulses on the growth of six exotic and six native plant species. We subjected individual plants of exotic and native species to well watered or water stressed conditions. For each level of water availability, we added equivalent amounts of nutrients at a constant rate, as a single large pulse, or in multiple small pulses. Under well watered conditions, nutrient pulses promoted exotic plant growth relative to nutrients supplied constantly, while they had no significant effect on natives. In contrast, under water stressed conditions, water deficiency inhibited the growth of all exotic and native species. More importantly, nutrient pulses did not increase plant growth relative to nutrients supplied constantly and these phenomena were observed for both exotic and native species. Taken together, our study shows that the impact of fluctuating nutrient availability on the growth of exotic plant species strongly depends on the variation of other resources, and that the positive effect of nutrient pulses under well watered conditions disappears under water stressed conditions. Our findings suggest that the variation in multiple resources may have complex feedback on exotic plant invasions and, therefore, it is critical to encompass multiple resources for the evaluation of fluctuating resource availability effects on exotic plant species. This will allow us to project the invasive trajectory of exotic plant species more accurately under future global change and human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans O Otieno
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changchao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Barkaoui K, Volaire F. Drought survival and recovery in grasses: Stress intensity and plant-plant interactions impact plant dehydration tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1489-1503. [PMID: 36655754 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant dehydration tolerance confers drought survival in grasses, but the mortality thresholds according to soil water content (SWC), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and plant-plant interactions are little explored. We compared the dehydration dynamics of leaf meristems, which are the key surviving organs, plant mortality, and recovery of Mediterranean and temperate populations of two perennial grass species, Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea, grown in monocultures and mixtures under a low-VPD (1.5 kPa) versus a high-VPD drought (2.2 kPa). The lethal drought index (LD50 ), that is, SWC associated with 50% plant mortality, ranged from 2.87% (ψs = -1.68 MPa) to 2.19% (ψs = -4.47 MPa) and reached the lowest values under the low-VPD drought. Populations of D. glomerata were more dehydration-tolerant (lower LD50 ), survived and recovered better than F. arundinacea populations. Plant-plant interactions modified dehydration tolerance and improved post-drought recovery in mixtures compared with monocultures. Water content as low as 20.7%-36.1% in leaf meristems allowed 50% of plants to survive. We conclude that meristem dehydration causes plant mortality and that drought acclimation can increase dehydration tolerance. Genetic diversity, acclimation and plant-plant interactions are essential sources of dehydration tolerance variability to consider when predicting drought-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Barkaoui
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Volaire
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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5
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Lobo-do-Vale R, Rafael T, Haberstroh S, Werner C, Caldeira MC. Shrub Invasion Overrides the Effect of Imposed Drought on the Photosynthetic Capacity and Physiological Responses of Mediterranean Cork Oak Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1636. [PMID: 37111859 PMCID: PMC10142059 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean ecosystems face threats from both climate change and shrub invasion. As shrub cover increases, competition for water intensifies, exacerbating the negative effects of drought on ecosystem functioning. However, research into the combined effects of drought and shrub invasion on tree carbon assimilation has been limited. We used a Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber) woodland to investigate the effects of drought and shrub invasion by gum rockrose (Cistus ladanifer) on cork oak carbon assimilation and photosynthetic capacity. We established a factorial experiment of imposed drought (ambient and rain exclusion) and shrub invasion (invaded and non-invaded) and measured leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis as well as photosynthetic capacity in cork oak and gum rockrose over one year. We observed distinct detrimental effects of gum rockrose shrub invasion on the physiological responses of cork oak trees throughout the study period. Despite the imposed drought, the impact of shrub invasion was more pronounced, resulting in significant photosynthetic capacity reduction of 57% during summer. Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations were observed under moderate drought in both species. Our findings provide significant knowledge on the impact of gum rockrose invasion on the functioning of cork oak and can be used to improve the representation of photosynthesis in terrestrial biosphere models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lobo-do-Vale
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rafael
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Conceição Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Haberstroh S, Werner C. The role of species interactions for forest resilience to drought. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1098-1107. [PMID: 35312142 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing durations and frequencies of droughts under climate change endanger the sustainable functioning of forests worldwide. The admixture of species with complementary resource use may increase the resilience of forests towards drought; however, little is known about modifications of species interactions (i.e. facilitation and competition) by increasing drought severity in mixed forests. In particular, knowledge on the regulation of central ecohydrological processes, such as tree water fluxes, is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to assess the impact of species interactions on tree resilience (resistance + recovery) under increasing drought severity. The classification of studies into three drought classes suggested that beneficial species interactions, i.e. through improved water relations, were prevalent under mild droughts. However, with increasing drought, negative effects, such as interspecific competition, occurred. These negative interactions were prominent under extreme droughts, where even trees with complementary resource-use strategies competed for water resources. Fewer data are available on recovery of water fluxes. The limited evidence supported the patterns observed for drought resistance, with facilitation and complementarity of species in mixtures enhancing tree recovery after moderate droughts. However, after extreme droughts, competition effects and reduced recovery for some species were observed, which can strongly compromise tree resilience. While we acknowledge the importance of mixed forests for biodiversity, ecosystem services or pest resistance, we caution that beneficial species interactions may shift under extreme droughts. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate species interaction effects on resilience in more depth to adapt forest trees to increasing drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Haberstroh S, Werner C, Grün M, Kreuzwieser J, Seifert T, Schindler D, Christen A. Central European 2018 hot drought shifts scots pine forest to its tipping point. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1186-1197. [PMID: 35869655 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of hot drought, i.e. low water availability and simultaneous high air temperature, represents a severe threat to ecosystems. Here, we investigated how the 2018 hot drought in Central Europe caused a tipping point in tree and ecosystem functioning in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in southwest Germany. Measurements of stress indicators, such as needle water potential, carbon assimilation and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, of dominant P. sylvestris trees were deployed to evaluate tree functioning during hot drought. Ecosystem impact and recovery were assessed as ecosystem carbon exchange, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite data and tree mortality data. During summer 2018, needle water potentials of trees dropped to minimum values of -7.5 ± 0.2 MPa, which implied severe hydraulic impairment of P. sylvestris. Likewise, carbon assimilation and VOC emissions strongly declined after mid-July. Decreasing NDVI values from August 2018 onwards were detected, along with severe defoliation in P. sylvestris, impairing ecosystem carbon flux recovery in 2019, shifting the forest into a year-round carbon source. A total of 47% of all monitored trees (n = 368) died by September 2020. NDVI recovered to pre-2018 levels in 2019, likely caused by emerging broadleaved understorey species. The 2018 hot drought had severe negative impacts on P. sylvestris. The co-occurrence of unfavourable site-specific conditions with recurrent severe droughts resulted in accelerated mortality. Thus, the 2018 hot drought pushed the P. sylvestris stand towards its tipping point, with a subsequent vegetation shift to a broadleaf-dominated forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Grün
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Seifert
- Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - D Schindler
- Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Christen
- Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Meischner M, Haberstroh S, Daber LE, Kreuzwieser J, Caldeira MC, Schnitzler JP, Werner C. Soil VOC emissions of a Mediterranean woodland are sensitive to shrub invasion. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:967-978. [PMID: 35661369 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many belowground processes, such as soil respiration and soil-atmosphere VOC (volatile organic compounds) exchange, are closely linked to soil microbiological processes. However, little is known about how changes in plant species cover, i.e. after plant invasion, alter these soil processes. In particular, the response of soil VOC emissions to plant invasion is not well understood. We analysed soil VOC emissions and soil respiration of a Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber) ecosystem, comparing soil VOC emissions from a non-invaded Q. suber woodland to one invaded by the shrub Cistus ladanifer. Soil VOC emissions were determined under controlled conditions using online proton-transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Net soil VOC emissions were measured by exposing soils with or without litter to different temperature and soil moisture conditions. Soil VOC emissions were sensitive to C. ladanifer invasion. Highest net emission rates were determined for oxygenated VOC (acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol, acetic acid), and high temperatures enhanced total VOC emissions. Invasion affected the relative contribution of various VOC. Methanol and acetaldehyde were emitted exclusively from litter and were associated with the non-invaded sites. In contrast, acetone emissions increased in response to shrub presence. Interestingly, low soil moisture enhanced the effect of shrub invasion on VOC emissions. Our results indicate that shrub invasion substantially influences important belowground processes in cork oak ecosystems, in particular soil VOC emissions. High soil moisture is suggested to diminish the invasion effect through a moisture-induced increase in microbial decomposition rates of soil VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meischner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L E Daber
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J-P Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Haberstroh S, Lobo‐do‐Vale R, Caldeira MC, Dubbert M, Cuntz M, Werner C. Plant invasion modifies isohydricity in Mediterranean tree species. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Raquel Lobo‐do‐Vale
- Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maria C. Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gas Fluxes, 15374 Müncheberg Germany
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy France
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany
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10
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Werner C, Meredith LK, Ladd SN, Ingrisch J, Kübert A, van Haren J, Bahn M, Bailey K, Bamberger I, Beyer M, Blomdahl D, Byron J, Daber E, Deleeuw J, Dippold MA, Fudyma J, Gil-Loaiza J, Honeker LK, Hu J, Huang J, Klüpfel T, Krechmer J, Kreuzwieser J, Kühnhammer K, Lehmann MM, Meeran K, Misztal PK, Ng WR, Pfannerstill E, Pugliese G, Purser G, Roscioli J, Shi L, Tfaily M, Williams J. Ecosystem fluxes during drought and recovery in an experimental forest. Science 2021; 374:1514-1518. [PMID: 34914503 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj6789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, USA.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, USA.,Honors College, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kinzie Bailey
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ines Bamberger
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Beyer
- Institute of Geoecology - Environmental Geochemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Blomdahl
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Byron
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Erik Daber
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jane Fudyma
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juliana Gil-Loaiza
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jia Hu
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jianbei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Klüpfel
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kühnhammer
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Geoecology - Environmental Geochemistry, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Pawel K Misztal
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Ren Ng
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, USA
| | - Eva Pfannerstill
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gemma Purser
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lingling Shi
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Malak Tfaily
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
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