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Ye T, Ma T, Chen Y, Liu C, Jiao Z, Wang X, Xue H. The role of redox-active small molecules and oxidative protein post-translational modifications in seed aging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108810. [PMID: 38857563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Seed vigor is a crucial indicator of seed quality. Variations in seed vigor are closely associated with seed properties and storage conditions. The vigor of mature seeds progressively declines during storage, which is called seed deterioration or aging. Seed aging induces a cascade of cellular damage, including impaired subcellular structures and macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules during seed aging causing oxidative damage and triggering programmed cell death (PCD). Mitochondria are the main site of ROS production and change morphology and function before other organelles during aging. The roles of other small redox-active molecules in regulating cell and seed vigor, such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), were identified later. ROS, NO, and H2S typically regulate protein function through post-translational modifications (PTMs), including carbonylation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, and S-sulfhydration. These signaling molecules as well as the PTMs they induce interact to regulate cell fate and seed vigor. This review was conducted to describe the physiological changes and underlying molecular mechanisms that in seed aging and provides a comprehensive view of how ROS, NO, and H2S affect cell death and seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Tianxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Kamble NU, Ghosh S, Petla BP, Achary RK, Gautam S, Rao V, Salvi P, Hazra A, Varshney V, Majee M. PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE protects enolase dysfunction by repairing isoaspartyl-induced damage and is positively implicated in agronomically important seed traits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:413-431. [PMID: 38625788 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The protein-repairing enzyme (PRE) PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT) influences seed vigor by repairing isoaspartyl-mediated protein damage in seeds. However, PIMTs function in other seed traits, and the mechanisms by which PIMT affects such seed traits are still poorly understood. Herein, through molecular, biochemical, and genetic studies using overexpression and RNAi lines in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate that PIMT not only affects seed vigor but also affects seed size and weight by modulating enolase (ENO) activity. We have identified ENO2, a glycolytic enzyme, as a PIMT interacting protein through Y2H cDNA library screening, and this interaction was further validated by BiFC and co-immunoprecipitation assay. We show that mutation or suppression of ENO2 expression results in reduced seed vigor, seed size, and weight. We also proved that ENO2 undergoes isoAsp modification that affects its activity in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Further, using MS/MS analyses, amino acid residues that undergo isoAsp modification in ENO2 were identified. We also demonstrate that PIMT repairs such isoAsp modification in ENO2 protein, protecting its vital cellular functions during seed maturation and storage, and plays a vital role in regulating seed size, weight, and seed vigor. Taken together, our study identified ENO2 as a novel substrate of PIMT, and both ENO2 and PIMT in turn implicate in agronomically important seed traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shraboni Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Achary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Gautam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
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Kalemba EM, Gevaert K, Impens F, Dufour S, Czerwoniec A. The association of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide with proteomic basis for aging in beech seeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:377. [PMID: 38714916 PMCID: PMC11077735 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees produce seeds irregularly; therefore, it is necessary to store beech seeds for forestation. Despite the acquisition of desiccation tolerance during development, beech seeds are classified as intermediate because they lose viability during long-term storage faster than typical orthodox seeds. In this study, beech seeds stored for short (3 years) or long (20 years) periods under optimal conditions and displaying 92 and 30% germination capacity, respectively, were compared. RESULTS Aged seeds displayed increased membrane damage, manifested as electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Analyses have been based on embryonic axes, which contained higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher levels of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide (MetO) in aged seeds. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, 3,949 proteins were identified, of which 2,442 were reliably quantified pointing to 24 more abundant proteins and 35 less abundant proteins in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Functional analyses based on gene ontology annotations revealed that nucleic acid binding activity (molecular function), ribosome organization or biogenesis and transmembrane transport (cellular processes), translational proteins (protein class) and membranous anatomical entities (cellular compartment) were affected in aged seeds. To verify whether MetO, the oxidative posttranslational modification of proteins that can be reversed via the action of methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) enzymes, is involved in the aging of beech seeds, we identified and quantified 226 MetO-containing proteins, among which 9 and 19 exhibited significantly up- and downregulated MetO levels, respectively, in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Several Msr isoforms were identified and recognized as MsrA1-like, MsrA4, MsrB5 and MsrB5-like in beech seeds. Only MsrA1-like displayed decreased abundance in aged seeds. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the loss of membrane integrity reflected in the elevated abundance of membrane proteins had a higher impact on seed aging progress than the MetO/Msr system. Proteome analyses enabled us to propose protein Sec61 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as potential longevity modulators in beech seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
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Das J, Ghosh S, Tyagi K, Sahoo D, Jha G. Methionine biosynthetic genes and methionine sulfoxide reductase A are required for Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA to cause sheath blight disease in rice. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14441. [PMID: 38568774 PMCID: PMC10990046 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes sheath blight disease in rice. It deploys effector molecules as well as carbohydrate-active enzymes and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species for killing host tissues. Understanding R. solani ability to sustain growth under an oxidative-stress-enriched environment is important for developing disease control strategies. Here, we demonstrate that R. solani upregulates methionine biosynthetic genes, including Rs_MET13 during infection in rice, and double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of these genes impairs the pathogen's ability to cause disease. Exogenous treatment with methionine restores the disease-causing ability of Rs_MET13-silenced R. solani and facilitates its growth on 10 mM H2O2-containing minimal-media. Notably, the Rs_MsrA gene that encodes methionine sulfoxide reductase A, an antioxidant enzyme involved in the repair of oxidative damage of methionine, is upregulated upon H2O2 treatment and also during infection in rice. Rs_MsrA-silenced R. solani is unable to cause disease, suggesting that it is important for the repair of oxidative damage in methionine during host colonization. We propose that spray-induced gene silencing of Rs_MsrA and designing of antagonistic molecules that block MsrA activity can be exploited as a drug target for effective control of sheath blight disease in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyati Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
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Varshney V, Hazra A, Rao V, Ghosh S, Kamble NU, Achary RK, Gautam S, Majee M. The Arabidopsis F-box protein SKP1-INTERACTING PARTNER 31 modulates seed maturation and seed vigor by targeting JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN proteins independently of jasmonic acid-isoleucine. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3712-3738. [PMID: 37462265 PMCID: PMC10533341 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
F-box proteins have diverse functions in eukaryotic organisms, including plants, mainly targeting proteins for 26S proteasomal degradation. Here, we demonstrate the role of the F-box protein SKP1-INTERACTING PARTNER 31 (SKIP31) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in regulating late seed maturation events, seed vigor, and viability through biochemical and genetic studies using skip31 mutants and different transgenic lines. We show that SKIP31 is predominantly expressed in seeds and that SKIP31 interacts with JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins, key repressors in jasmonate (JA) signaling, directing their ubiquitination for proteasomal degradation independently of coronatine/jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile), in contrast to CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1, which sends JAZs for degradation in a coronatine/JA-Ile dependent manner. Moreover, JAZ proteins interact with the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and repress its transcriptional activity, which in turn directly or indirectly represses the expression of downstream genes involved in the accumulation of LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT proteins, protective metabolites, storage compounds, and abscisic acid biosynthesis. However, SKIP31 targets JAZ proteins, deregulates ABI5 activity, and positively regulates seed maturation and consequently seed vigor. Furthermore, ABI5 positively influences SKIP31 expression, while JAZ proteins repress ABI5-mediated transactivation of SKIP31 and exert feedback regulation. Taken together, our findings reveal the role of the SKIP31-JAZ-ABI5 module in seed maturation and consequently, establishment of seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Varshney
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shraboni Ghosh
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Achary
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Gautam
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- MM's Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
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Lai YH, Peng MY, Rao RY, Chen WS, Huang WT, Ye X, Yang LT, Chen LS. An Integrated Analysis of Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Physiology Revealed the Molecular and Physiological Response of Citrus sinensis Roots to Prolonged Nitrogen Deficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2680. [PMID: 37514294 PMCID: PMC10383776 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sinensis seedlings were supplied with a nutrient solution containing 15 (control) or 0 (nitrogen (N) deficiency) mM N for 10 weeks. Extensive metabolic and gene reprogramming occurred in 0 mM N-treated roots (RN0) to cope with N deficiency, including: (a) enhancing the ability to keep phosphate homeostasis by elevating the abundances of metabolites containing phosphorus and the compartmentation of phosphate in plastids, and/or downregulating low-phosphate-inducible genes; (b) improving the ability to keep N homeostasis by lowering the levels of metabolites containing N but not phosphorus, upregulating N compound degradation, the root/shoot ratio, and the expression of genes involved in N uptake, and resulting in transitions from N-rich alkaloids to carbon (C)-rich phenylpropanoids and phenolic compounds (excluding indole alkaloids) and from N-rich amino acids to C-rich carbohydrates and organic acids; (c) upregulating the ability to maintain energy homeostasis by increasing energy production (tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP biosynthetic process) and decreasing energy utilization for amino acid and protein biosynthesis and new root building; (d) elevating the transmembrane transport of metabolites, thus enhancing the remobilization and recycling of useful compounds; and (e) activating protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. RN0 had a higher ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species and aldehydes, thus protecting RN0 against oxidative injury and delaying root senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Lai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming-Yi Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rong-Yu Rao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen-Shu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei-Tao Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Zhao X, Han X, Lu X, Yang H, Wang ZY, Chai M. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Msr Gene Family in Alfalfa under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119638. [PMID: 37298589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important leguminous forage, known as the "The Queen of Forages". Abiotic stress seriously limits the growth and development of alfalfa, and improving the yield and quality has become an important research area. However, little is known about the Msr (methionine sulfoxide reductase) gene family in alfalfa. In this study, 15 Msr genes were identified through examining the genome of the alfalfa "Xinjiang DaYe". The MsMsr genes differ in gene structure and conserved protein motifs. Many cis-acting regulatory elements related to the stress response were found in the promoter regions of these genes. In addition, a transcriptional analysis and qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) showed that MsMsr genes show expression changes in response to abiotic stress in various tissues. Overall, our results suggest that MsMsr genes play an important role in the response to abiotic stress for alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xuran Lu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haoyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Cai YS, Cai JL, Lee JT, Li YM, Balladona FK, Sukma D, Chan MT. Arabidopsis AtMSRB5 functions as a salt-stress protector for both Arabidopsis and rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1072173. [PMID: 37035039 PMCID: PMC10073502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1072173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinity, drought and low temperature are major environmental factors that adversely affect crop productivity worldwide. In this study we adopted an activation tagging approach to identify salt tolerant mutants of Arabidopsis. Thousands of tagged Arabidopsis lines were screened to obtain several potential mutant lines resistant to 150 mM NaCl. Transcript analysis of a salt-stress tolerance 1 (sst1) mutant line indicated activation of AtMSRB5 and AtMSRB6 which encode methionine sulfoxide reductases. Overexpression of AtMSRB5 in Arabidopsis (B5OX) showed a similar salt tolerant phenotype. Furthermore, biochemical analysis indicated stability of the membrane protein, H+-ATPase 2 (AHA2) through regulation of Na+/K+ homeostasis which may be involved in a stress tolerance mechanism. Similarly, overexpression of AtMSRB5 in transgenic rice demonstrated a salt tolerant phenotype via the modulation of Na+/K+ homeostasis without a yield drag under salt and oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Si Cai
- Graduate Program of Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Long Cai
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jent-Turn Lee
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Li
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Freta Kirana Balladona
- Graduate Program of Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dewi Sukma
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ming-Tsair Chan
- Graduate Program of Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
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Halpin C, Lennon S, Pinfield-Wells H, Hetherington AM. Introducing Transformative Plant Biotechnology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:5-6. [PMID: 36472364 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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