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Das J, Ghosh S, Tyagi K, Sahoo D, Jha G. Methionine biosynthetic genes and methionine sulfoxide reductase A are required for Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA to cause sheath blight disease in rice. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14441. [PMID: 38568774 PMCID: PMC10990046 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes sheath blight disease in rice. It deploys effector molecules as well as carbohydrate-active enzymes and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species for killing host tissues. Understanding R. solani ability to sustain growth under an oxidative-stress-enriched environment is important for developing disease control strategies. Here, we demonstrate that R. solani upregulates methionine biosynthetic genes, including Rs_MET13 during infection in rice, and double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of these genes impairs the pathogen's ability to cause disease. Exogenous treatment with methionine restores the disease-causing ability of Rs_MET13-silenced R. solani and facilitates its growth on 10 mM H2O2-containing minimal-media. Notably, the Rs_MsrA gene that encodes methionine sulfoxide reductase A, an antioxidant enzyme involved in the repair of oxidative damage of methionine, is upregulated upon H2O2 treatment and also during infection in rice. Rs_MsrA-silenced R. solani is unable to cause disease, suggesting that it is important for the repair of oxidative damage in methionine during host colonization. We propose that spray-induced gene silencing of Rs_MsrA and designing of antagonistic molecules that block MsrA activity can be exploited as a drug target for effective control of sheath blight disease in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyati Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew DelhiIndia
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2
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Francis A, Ghosh S, Tyagi K, Prakasam V, Rani M, Singh NP, Pradhan A, Sundaram RM, Priyanka C, Laha GS, Kannan C, Prasad MS, Chattopadhyay D, Jha G. Evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes in Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA by genome duplication and transposon-mediated gene function alterations. BMC Biol 2023; 21:15. [PMID: 36721195 PMCID: PMC9890813 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous fungal pathogen that causes diseases in crops. The fungal strains are classified into anastomosis groups (AGs); however, genomic complexity, diversification into the AGs and the evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes remain poorly understood. RESULTS We report a recent whole-genome duplication and sequential segmental duplications in AG1-IA strains of R. solani. Transposable element (TE) clusters have caused loss of synteny in the duplicated blocks and introduced differential structural alterations in the functional domains of several pathogenicity-associated paralogous gene pairs. We demonstrate that the TE-mediated structural variations in a glycosyl hydrolase domain and a GMC oxidoreductase domain in two paralogous pairs affect the pathogenicity of R. solani. Furthermore, to investigate the association of TEs with the natural selection and evolution of pathogenicity, we sequenced the genomes of forty-two rice field isolates of R. solani AG1-IA. The genomic regions with high population mutation rates and with the lowest nucleotide diversity are enriched with TEs. Genetic diversity analysis predicted the genes that are most likely under diversifying and purifying selections. We present evidence that a smaller variant of a glucosamine phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) protein, predicted to be under purifying selection, and an LPMP_AA9 domain-containing protein, predicted to be under diversifying selection, are important for the successful pathogenesis of R. solani in rice as well as tomato. CONCLUSIONS Our study has unravelled whole-genome duplication, TE-mediated neofunctionalization of genes and evolution of pathogenicity traits in R. solani AG1-IA. The pathogenicity-associated genes identified during the study can serve as novel targets for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Francis
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India ,grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Present address: Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - V. Prakasam
- grid.464820.cICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - Mamta Rani
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Nagendra Pratap Singh
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Amrita Pradhan
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - R. M. Sundaram
- grid.464820.cICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - C. Priyanka
- grid.464820.cICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - G. S. Laha
- grid.464820.cICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - C. Kannan
- grid.464820.cICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - M. S. Prasad
- grid.464820.cICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- grid.419632.b0000 0001 2217 5846National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Sawhney J, Vanani J, Madan K, Sharma M, Tyagi K, Kandpal B, Mehta A. Achieving the LDL-C goal in Indian patients of acute coronary syndrome with high intensity statin. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sawhney J, Tyagi K, Sharma M, Madan K, Vanani J, Kandpal B, Mehta A. Lipoprotein (a) in young coronary artery disease and its association with severity of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Das J, Yadav SK, Ghosh S, Tyagi K, Magotra A, Krishnan A, Jha G. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic functional attributes of plant microbiome. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:162-171. [PMID: 33493841 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome plays an important role in plant growth and adaptation to various environmental conditions. The cross-talk between host plant and microbes (including microbe-microbe interactions) plays a crucial role in shaping the microbiome. Recent studies have highlighted that plant microbiome is enriched in genes encoding enzymes and natural products. Several novel antimicrobial compounds, bioactive natural products and lytic/degrading enzymes with industrial implications are being identified from the microbiome. Moreover, advancements in metagenomics and culture techniques are facilitating the development of synthetic microbial communities to promote sustainable agriculture. We discuss the recent advancements, opportunities and challenges in harnessing the full potential of plant microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyati Das
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ankita Magotra
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aiswarya Krishnan
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Kant R, Tyagi K, Ghosh S, Jha G. Host Alternative NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Serves as a Susceptibility Factor to Promote Pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia solani in Plants. Phytopathology 2019; 109:1741-1750. [PMID: 31179856 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-19-0055-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens have evolved mechanisms to utilize host genes (commonly known as susceptibility factors) to promote their pathogenesis. Rhizoctonia solani is a highly destructive fungal pathogen of various plants, including rice. We previously reported rice genes that were differentially regulated during R. solani pathogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the role of tomato homologs of two rice genes, isoflavone reductase (IFR) and alternative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NUOR), as potential susceptibility factors for R. solani. Virus-induced gene silencing of NUOR in tomato resulted in compromised susceptibility against R. solani, whereas IFR-silenced plants demonstrated susceptibility similar to that of control plants. NUOR silencing in tomato led to homogenous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (optimum range) upon R. solani infection. In addition, the expression and enzyme activity of some host defense and antioxidant genes was enhanced, whereas H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage were reduced in NUOR-silenced plants. Similarly, transient silencing of OsNUOR provided tolerance against R. solani infection in rice. Overall, the data presented in this study suggest that NUOR serves as a host susceptibility factor to promote R. solani pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Ghosh S, Mirza N, Kanwar P, Tyagi K, Jha G. Genome analysis provides insight about pathogenesis of Indian strains of Rhizoctonia solani in rice. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:799-810. [PMID: 31102065 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Rhizoctonia solani species complex is comprised of strains belonging to different anastomosis groups and causes diseases in several economically important crops, including rice. However, individuals within same anastomosis group exhibit distinct morphological and pathological differences on the same host. In this study, we have sequenced the genome of two aggressive Indian strains (BRS11 and BRS13) belonging to AG1-IA anastomosis group and compared them with the available genome of R. solani AG1-IA. We identified several SNPs and Indels in both of these genomes, in comparison to the AG1-IA genome. Furthermore, we observed expansion and emergence of orthogroups in these Indian strains and identified those potentially associated with pathogenesis. Amongst them, transposable elements, cell wall degrading enzymes, transcription factors, and oxalate decarboxylase were noteworthy. The current study unravels genetic variations and identifies genes that might account for pathogenicity variations amongst R. solani strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srayan Ghosh
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Neelofar Mirza
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Poonam Kanwar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Rana M, Upadhya M, Jaiswal A, Tyagi K. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Nanofilled Composite Restorations after Simulated Tooth Brushing using Various Dentifrices. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018; 16:231-236. [PMID: 31719312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Teeth restored with direct composite resin are constantly exposed to specific challenges of the oral cavity. These challenges can modify the material properties and, when associated with daily brushing, eventually change its surface roughness, allowing bacterial growth and retention of extrinsic pigments. Dentifrices plays an important role in dental wear (abrasion) and over time, can also cause an increase in the surface roughness of restorative materials. Objective To assess the effect of dentifrices on the longevity of direct nanofilled composite resins restorations as far as wear and roughness is concerned. Method Class V cavity were prepared on 90 extracted human teeth and restored with Filtek Z350 composite. Teeth were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups of 15 each labelled as Group-1 (Colgate Dental cream) Group-2 (Colgate Active Salt toothpaste), Group-3 (Pepsodent Regular toothpaste), Group-4 (Dabur red toothpaste), Group-5 (Dabur Lal tooth powder) and Group-6 Control (water). The samples were fixed on tooth brushing machine and subjected to mechanical tooth brushing using various dentifrices according to respective groups in 3 phases and reading of surface roughness (Ra) was recorded. Result Surface roughness (Ra) had increased in following order: Group 6 < Group 3 < Group 2 < Group 1 < Group 4 < Group 5. All the tooth pastes were compared, their behaviour was found to be similar as there was no statistically significant difference amongst them. Though all of them were inferior to control group and the difference was statistically significant. Whereas the only tooth powder Dabur lal tooth powder gave the maximum roughness when compared with the other tooth pastes and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion With increase in time of brushing there was increase in surface roughness in all the 5 dentifrices among them Ra was maximum for Dabur lal tooth powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.B. Kedia Dental College, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - M Upadhya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.B. Kedia Dental College, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - A Jaiswal
- Department of Orthodontics, M.B. Kedia Dental College, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - K Tyagi
- Department of Oral Pathology, M.B. Kedia Dental College, Birgunj, Nepal
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Tyagi K, Gautam L, Waiz H, Mehta S, Beniwal B. Genetic characterisation of bikaneri camel using microsatellite markers. J CAMEL PRACT RES 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2017.00037.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tyagi K, Hossain ME, Thakur V, Aggarwal P, Malhotra P, Mohmmed A, Sharma YD. Plasmodium vivax Tryptophan Rich Antigen PvTRAg36.6 Interacts with PvETRAMP and PvTRAg56.6 Interacts with PvMSP7 during Erythrocytic Stages of the Parasite. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151065. [PMID: 26954579 PMCID: PMC4783080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is most wide spread and a neglected malaria parasite. There is a lack of information on parasite biology of this species. Genome of this parasite encodes for the largest number of tryptophan-rich proteins belonging to ‘Pv-fam-a’ family and some of them are potential drug/vaccine targets but their functional role(s) largely remains unexplored. Using bacterial and yeast two hybrid systems, we have identified the interacting partners for two of the P. vivax tryptophan-rich antigens called PvTRAg36.6 and PvTRAg56.2. The PvTRAg36.6 interacts with early transcribed membrane protein (ETRAMP) of P.vivax. It is apically localized in merozoites but in early stages it is seen in parasite periphery suggesting its likely involvement in parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) development or maintenance. On the other hand, PvTRAg56.2 interacts with P.vivax merozoite surface protein7 (PvMSP7) and is localized on merozoite surface. Co-localization of PvTRAg56.2 with PvMSP1 and its molecular interaction with PvMSP7 probably suggest that, PvTRAg56.2 is part of MSP-complex, and might assist or stabilize the protein complex at the merozoite surface. In conclusion, the PvTRAg proteins have different sub cellular localizations and specific associated functions during intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- Malaria group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Thakur
- Malaria group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Aggarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- Malaria group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- Malaria group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (YDS); (AM)
| | - Yagya Dutta Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (YDS); (AM)
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Tyagi K, Gahtori B, Bathula S, Singh NK, Bishnoi S, Auluck S, Srivastava AK, Dhar A. Electrical transport and mechanical properties of thermoelectric tin selenide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic band structure and partial density of states for Cmcm phase of SnSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Tyagi
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Bhasker Gahtori
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Sivaiah Bathula
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Swati Bishnoi
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - S. Auluck
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - A. K. Srivastava
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Ajay Dhar
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
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Tyagi K, Gupta D, Saini E, Choudhary S, Jamwal A, Alam MS, Zeeshan M, Tyagi RK, Sharma YD. Recognition of Human Erythrocyte Receptors by the Tryptophan-Rich Antigens of Monkey Malaria Parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138691. [PMID: 26393350 PMCID: PMC4579084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The monkey malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi also infect humans. There is a lack of information on the molecular mechanisms that take place between this simian parasite and its heterologous human host erythrocytes leading to this zoonotic disease. Therefore, we investigated here the binding ability of P. knowlesi tryptophan-rich antigens (PkTRAgs) to the human erythrocytes and sharing of the erythrocyte receptors between them as well as with other commonly occurring human malaria parasites. Methods Six PkTRAgs were cloned and expressed in E.coli as well as in mammalian CHO-K1 cell to determine their human erythrocyte binding activity by cell-ELISA, and in-vitro rosetting assay, respectively. Results Three of six PkTRAgs (PkTRAg38.3, PkTRAg40.1, and PkTRAg67.1) showed binding to human erythrocytes. Two of them (PkTRAg40.1 and PkTRAg38.3) showed cross-competition with each other as well as with the previously described P.vivax tryptophan-rich antigens (PvTRAgs) for human erythrocyte receptors. However, the third protein (PkTRAg67.1) utilized the additional but different human erythrocyte receptor(s) as it did not cross-compete for erythrocyte binding with either of these two PkTRAgs as well as with any of the PvTRAgs. These three PkTRAgs also inhibited the P.falciparum parasite growth in in-vitro culture, further indicating the sharing of human erythrocyte receptors by these parasite species and the biological significance of this receptor-ligand interaction between heterologous host and simian parasite. Conclusions Recognition and sharing of human erythrocyte receptor(s) by PkTRAgs with human parasite ligands could be part of the strategy adopted by the monkey malaria parasite to establish inside the heterologous human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ekta Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shilpa Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abhishek Jamwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohd. Shoeb Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rupesh K. Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yagya D. Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
We present a case of tuberculosis of the cervix due to the rarity of this condition and its clinical resemblance to a dreadful disease, “carcinoma of cervix.”
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Bathula S, Jayasimhadri M, Gahtori B, Singh NK, Tyagi K, Srivastava AK, Dhar A. The role of nanoscale defect features in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of p-type nanostructured SiGe alloys. Nanoscale 2015; 7:12474-12483. [PMID: 26138852 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01786f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite SiGe being one of the most widely studied thermoelectric materials owing to its application in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG), the thermoelectric figure-of merit (ZT) of p-type SiGe is still quite low, resulting in poor device efficiencies. In the present study, we report a substantial enhancement in ZT∼ 1.2 at 900 °C for p-type nanostructured Si80Ge20 alloys by creating several types of defect features within the Si80Ge20 nanostructured matrix in a spectrum of nano to meso-scale dimensions during its nanostructuring, by employing mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering. This enhancement in ZT, which is ∼25% over the existing state-of-the-art value for a p-type nanostructured Si80Ge20 alloy, is primarily due to its ultralow thermal conductivity of ∼2.04 W m(-1) K(-1) at 900 °C, resulting from the scattering of low-to-high wavelength heat-carrying phonons by different types of defect features in a range of nano to meso-scale dimensions in the Si80Ge20 nanostructured matrix. These include point defects, dislocations, isolated amorphous regions, nano-scale grain boundaries and more importantly, the nano to meso-scale residual porosity distributed throughout the Si80Ge20 matrix. These nanoscale multi-dimensional defect features have been characterized by employing scanning and transmission electron microscopy and correlated with the electrical and thermal transport properties, based on which the enhancement of ZT has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaiah Bathula
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Mishra S, Swati G, Rajesh B, Tyagi K, Gahtori B, Sivaiah B, Vijayan N, Dalai MK, Dhar A, Auluck S, Jayasimhadri M, Haranath D. Luminescence and advanced mass spectroscopic characterization of sodium zinc orthophosphate phosphor for low-cost light-emitting diodes. LUMINESCENCE 2015. [PMID: 26198805 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new rare-earth-free NaZnPO4:Mn(2+) (NZP:Mn) phosphor powder has been developed by our group and investigated meticulously for the first time using secondary ion mass spectroscopy and chemical imaging techniques. The studies confirmed the effective incorporation of Mn(2+) into the host lattice, resulting in an enhancement of photoluminescence intensity. Phase purity has been verified and structure parameters have been determined successfully by Rietveld refinement studies. The NZP:Mn phosphor powder exhibits strong absorption bands in the ultraviolet and visible (300-470 nm) regions with a significant broad yellow-green (~543 nm) emission due to the characteristic spin forbidden d-d transition ((4)T1→(6)A1) of Mn(2+) ions, indicating weak crystal field strength at the zinc-replaced manganese site. The decay constants are a few milliseconds, which is a pre-requisite for applications in many display devices. The results obtained suggest that this new phosphor powder will find many interesting applications in semiconductor physics, as cost-effective light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as solar cells and in photo-physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvi Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - G Swati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - B Rajesh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Bhasker Gahtori
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - B Sivaiah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - N Vijayan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - M K Dalai
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - A Dhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - S Auluck
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - M Jayasimhadri
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110 042, India
| | - D Haranath
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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Zeeshan M, Tyagi RK, Tyagi K, Alam MS, Sharma YD. Host-parasite interaction: selective Pv-fam-a family proteins of Plasmodium vivax bind to a restricted number of human erythrocyte receptors. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1111-20. [PMID: 25312039 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax synthesizes the largest number of 36 tryptophan-rich proteins belonging to the Pv-fam-a family. These parasite proteins need to be characterized for their biological function because tryptophan-rich proteins from other Plasmodium species have been proposed as vaccine candidates. METHODS Recombinant P. vivax tryptophan-rich antigens (PvTRAgs) were used to determine their erythrocyte-binding activity by a cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and a rosetting assay. RESULTS Only 4 (PvTRAg26.3, PvTRAg34, PvTRAg36, and PvTRAg36.6) of 21 PvTRAgs bind to host erythrocytes. The cross-competition data indicated that PvTRAg36 and PvTRAg34 share their erythrocyte receptors with previously described proteins PvTRAg38 and PvTRAg33.5, respectively. On the other hand, PvTRAg26.3 and PvTRAg36.6 cross-compete with each other and not with any other PvTRAg, indicating that these 2 proteins bind to the same but yet another set of erythrocyte receptor(s). Together, 10 of 36 PvTRAgs possess erythrocyte-binding activity in which each protein recognizes >1 erythrocyte receptor. Further, each erythrocyte receptor is shared by >1 PvTRAg. CONCLUSIONS This redundancy may be useful for the parasite to invade red blood cells and cause disease pathogenesis, and it can be exploited to develop therapeutics against P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zeeshan
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Rupesh Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Kriti Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Mohd Shoeb Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Yagya Dutta Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Tyagi K. Estimation of toxic effects of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on human gut microflora containing Bacillus subtilis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5897/jtehs2013.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Patel M, Tyagi K, Sorathiya L, Fulsoundar A. Effect of polyherbal galactogogue supplementation on milk yield and quality as well as general health of Surti buffaloes of south Gujarat. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2013.214-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Serrano JL, Pérez J, García L, Sánchez G, García J, Tyagi K, Kapdi A. New phospha-palladacycles: efficient catalysts in the formylation of aryl chlorides. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21770h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Chapuran TE, Toliver P, Runser RJ, McNown SR, Goodman MS, Nweke N, Jackel J, Hughes RJ, Peterson CG, McCabe K, Nordholt JE, Tyagi K, Hiskett P, Dallmann N, Mercer L, Dardy H. Compatibility of quantum key distribution with optical networking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1117/12.603640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Kumar U, Kumar S, Tyagi K, Chand R, Joshi AK. Microsatellite markers for resistance to spot blotch in spring wheat. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2005; 70:59-60. [PMID: 16637159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India.
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Tripathi RP, Tiwari VK, Misra-Bhattacharya S, Tyagi K, Srivastava VML, Murthy PK. 7-O-[4-methyl piperazine-1-(2-acetyl)]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one: a novel antifilarial lead compound. Acta Trop 2003; 87:215-24. [PMID: 12826297 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In preliminary studies we found that benzopyrones (coumarins), which are known to exert many biological activities including anti-inflammatory effect, possess promising macrofilaricidal action as well. In order to explore the possibility of combining such a macrofilaricidal activity with the microfilaricidal potential of the known piperazine pharmacophore, we synthesized a series of compounds and evaluated their antifilarial effect. In the present study, one of these compounds, 7-O-[4-methyl piperazine-1-(2-acetyl)]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (2), which has shown promising macrofilaricidal action against rodent filariid Litomosoides carinii in cotton rats, was evaluated against infection with Brugia malayi in Mastomys coucha and jird (Meriones unguiculatus). In the B. malayi-M. coucha system, the compound at a dose of 300 mg/kg, oral (p.o.) x5 days showed 53.6% adulticidal and 46.0% microfilaricidal activity along with 46.3% sterilization effect on the female worms. In addition, the compound interfered with the establishment of infective larvae (L(3))-induced infection to an extent of 50% at the same dose level. At 1 microM concentration it inhibited protease activity of B. malayi to 82%. The compound thus provides a novel lead for further synthesis and development of antifilarial agents with macrofilaricidal, microfilaricidal, female-sterilizing and possible larvicidal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Tripathi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226001, India
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23
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Misra-Bhattacharya S, Tyagi K. Transmission efficiency of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti to Wuchereria bancrofti infection: an experimental study. Indian J Exp Biol 2001; 39:98-100. [PMID: 11349538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of natural (Culex quinquefasciatus) and experimental (Aedes aegypti) vectors for supporting the development of W. bancrofti larvae for onward transmission. Both the species permitted development of W. bancrofti mf to infective larvae (L3) within 11 to 13 days. The mf intake by both the species of mosquitoes was directly related to mf density in donor's blood. Culex exhibited higher L3 recovery than Aedes. In Aedes maximum percent L3 development occurred after ingesting 4 mf whereas Culex exhibited best establishment at an average mf intake of 11.5. Nevertheless wide variation in mf density in donor's blood did not significantly affect the larval establishment in Aedes mosquito while in Culex very high (> 400 mf/40 microliters) or low (< 50 mf/40 microliters) mf counts in donor's blood adversely affected the L3 recovery. The results reveals that A. aegypti has an edge over the natural vector, Culex in being a voracious feeder, their easy laboratory maintenance and better transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Misra-Bhattacharya
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India. root%@cscdri.ren.nic.in
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Tyagi K, Jain SC, Jain PC. Radiation dose estimates in Indian adults in normal and pathological conditions due to 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2001; 95:37-42. [PMID: 11468803 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ICRP Publications 53, 62 and 80 give organ dose coefficients and effective doses to ICRP Reference Man and Child from established nuclear medicine procedures. However, an average Indian adult differs significantly from the ICRP Reference Man as regards anatomical, physiological and metabolic characteristics, and is also considered to have different tissue weighting factors (called here risk factors). The masses of total body and most organs are significantly lower for the Indian adult than for his ICRP counterpart (e.g. body mass 52 and 70 kg respectively). Similarly, the risk factors are lower by 20-30% for 8 out of the 13 organs and 30-60% higher for 3 organs. In the present study, available anatomical data of Indians and their risk factors have been utilised to estimate the radiation doses from administration of commonly used 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals under normal and certain pathological conditions. The following pathological conditions have been considered for phosphates/phosphonates--high bone uptake and severely impaired kidney function; IDA--parenchymal liver disease, occlusion of cystic duct, and occlusion of bile duct; DTPA--abnormal renal function; large colloids--early to intermediate diffuse parenchymal liver disease, intermediate to advanced parenchymal liver disease; small colloids--early to intermediate parenchymal liver disease, intermediate to advanced parenchymal liver disease; and MAG3--abnormal renal function, acute unilateral renal blockage. The estimated 'effective doses' to Indian adults are 14-21% greater than the ICRP value from administration of the same activity of radiopharmaceutical under normal physiological conditions based on anatomical considerations alone, because of the smaller organ masses for the Indian; for some pathological conditions the effective doses are 11-22% more. When tissue risk factors are considered in addition to anatomical considerations, the estimated effective doses are still found to be generally somewhat higher for the Indian, for both normal and pathological states (but lower than the values based on anatomical considerations alone). However, when the radiopharmaceutical is administered in quantities proportional to the body mass, the effective doses are 11-28% lower for the Indian under both normal and pathological conditions. It may be concluded that Indians are at a lower risk of radiation health detriment in comparison with the ICRP adult on administration of the various 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals considered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tyagi
- Centre for Environment and Explosive Safety, Metcalfe House, Delhi 110054, India
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Ghosh RP, Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Murthy PSR, Chatterjee RK. Longitudinal Cellular Immune Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Brugia malayi-Infected Indian Leaf Monkey Presbytis entellus. J Parasitol 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/3285822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Jain SC, Tyagi K. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on health. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1999; 36:348-51. [PMID: 10844987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives a brief review of the physical interaction and bio-effects of exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) along with guidelines on limits of exposure to 50/60 Hz electric and magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Jain
- Centre for Environment & Explosive Safety, Metcalfe House, Delhi
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Ghosh RP, Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Murthy PS, Chatterjee RK. Longitudinal cellular immune responses in asymptomatic and symptomatic Brugia malayi-infected Indian leaf monkey Presbytis entellus. J Parasitol 1999; 85:861-6. [PMID: 10577721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses of the host during the development of acute filarial disease manifestations, we studied the sequential changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) response to Brugia malayi adult worm antigen, and concanavalin-A (ConA) and filarial antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation (LT) in the Indian leaf monkey (Presbytis entellus)-B. malayi model. Filarial infection was established in monkeys by subcutaneous inoculations of infective larvae (L3) (700-1,250 L3/monkey) in multiple doses, and the infected monkeys were categorized as symptomatic (Sym) and asymptomatic (Asym) depending on whether or not acute clinical manifestations were shown by them. In Sym monkeys, LMI response to homologous adult parasite antigen was significantly suppressed as compared to Asym monkeys. In Asym monkeys, LMI response varied among the animals; 2 showed an increase throughout the study period and 2 showed suppression at different time points. When compared with Asym monkeys, CD8+ T cells in Sym monkeys showed a trend of significant increase after day 180 postinoculation (PI). CD4+ T cells remained within the normal range till day 300 (PI), after which they showed a marginal increase. ConA-stimulated LT was suppressed in Asym monkeys from day 60 PI. Antigen-stimulated LT was unresponsive in both Asym and Sym animals. Thus, the host's LT response to ConA is suppressed in Asym animals, and alteration in CD8+ T-cell number and LMI response in Sym monkeys may be involved in the development of the acute disease manifestations in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ghosh
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Ghosh RP, Murthy PS, Chatterjee RK. Longitudinal humoral immune responses of Indian leaf monkey (Presbytis entellus) to Brugia malayi infection. Parasitology 1999; 119 ( Pt 1):53-60. [PMID: 10446704 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182099004394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses of the Indian leaf monkey (Presbytis entellus) experimentally infected with Brugia malayi and exhibiting disease manifestations were studied. Microfilaraemia, filaria-specific IgG and circulating immune complexes (CICs) were determined in the monkeys at different time-points after inoculation of B. malayi 3rd-stage larvae. Sera were analysed for recognition pattern of adult parasite antigen molecules by immunoblotting. More than 60% of the infected monkeys developed episodic or persistent limb oedema with or without fever and with low or no microfilaraemia. While both CIC and filaria specific IgG levels were comparable in animals showing no disease symptoms (asymptomatics) and some animals showing symptoms (symptomatics), IgG levels peaked during pre-patent stage in symptomatics and during latent stage in asymptomatic animals. However, some of the symptomatic animals showed a low level of filaria-specific IgG as compared to asymptomatic and other symptomatic animals. The immunoblot analysis showed non-reactivity of 17 and 55 kDa antigens with sera of symptomatic animals. The results thus suggest that humoral immune responses as measured in the present study do not precede the development of the manifestations. However, 2 non-reactive antigen molecules identified by symptomatic sera need further study to establish their possible involvement, if any, in the development of acute disease manifestations in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Murthy
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Abstract
Investigations on various aspects of human filariasis using target filarial parasite, Brugia malayi is jeopardised to a great extent due to its prolonged incubation period and poor harvest from the existing experimental animal models. To obviate these difficulties it was decided to establish B. malayi infection in immunosuppressed Mastomys coucha. Cortisone, a well-known immunosuppressant, was used at 10-mg/kg dose level subcutaneously in two courses each of 5 days duration. The first course was administered 1 week before and the second, 1 week after infective exposure. Mastomys were exposed either with 100 or 200 L3 each. Untreated age-matched animals were also exposed simultaneously. The minimum prepatent period was observed to be 90.7 days in immunosuppressed animals exposed to 200 L3. The course of microfilaraemia in immunosuppressed and control animals was identical up to 180 days of observation period. However, the adult worm recovery from the former group of mastomys was higher. It is surmised that exposure with B. malayi L3 in immunosuppressed mastomys would be of great advantage in getting larger harvests of adult worms of B. malayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tyagi
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Investigations on various aspects of human filariasis using target filarial parasite, Brugia malayi is jeopardised to a great extent due to its prolonged incubation period and poor harvest from the existing experimental animal models. To obviate these difficulties it was contemplated to establish B. malayi infection in immunosuppressed Mastomys coucha. Cortisone, a well known immunosuppressant, was used at 10 mg/kg dose level subcutaneously in two courses each of 5 days duration. The first course was administered 1 week before and the second, a week after infective exposure. Mastomys were exposed either with 100 or 200 infective larvae (L3) each. Untreated age-matched animals were also exposed simultaneously. The minimum prepatent period was observed to be 90.7 days in immunosuppressed animals exposed to 200 L3. The course of microfilaraemia in immunosuppressed and control animals was identical up to 180 days of observation period. However, the adult worm recovery from the former group of Mastomys was higher. It is surmised that exposure with B. malayi L3 in immunosuppressed Mastomys would be of great advantage in getting larger harvests of adult worms of B. malayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tyagi
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Murthy PK, Murthy PS, Tyagi K, Chatterjee RK. Fate of infective larvae of Brugia malayi in the peritoneal cavity of Mastomys natalensis and Meriones unguiculatus. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 1998; 44:302-4. [PMID: 9437845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fate of intraperitoneally inoculated infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the nematode Brugia malayi Lichtenstein and the status of the peritoneal macrophage function were investigated in the susceptible rodent hosts Mastomys natalensis Roberts and Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards (jird). Jirds and M. natalensis were inoculated intraperitoneally with 125 and 250 L3 and the worm burden and peritoneal macrophage function in the two species were compared at different days post-inoculation (DPI). None of the infected M. natalensis had adult worms in the peritoneal cavity; very few degenerating L3 surrounded by peritoneal cells were recovered 7 and 15 DPI. In contrast, all the infected jirds showed the parasite in different stages of development and the worm burden at different days PI was more in 250 L3 dose group than in 125 L3 dose group. The phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages of normal M. natalensis was twice higher than that of jirds. This function was found significantly suppressed in both host species at 15 DPI; at 35 DPI, the activity was still at this low level in the jird, while that in M. natalensis reverted to uninfected age- and sex-matched control levels. These findings demonstrate that the peritoneal environment of M. natalensis is not conducive to the development of B. malayi and this is probably related to high macrophage activity in the peritoneum of this host compared to that found in the jird.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Murthy
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. root%
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Bhattacharya SM, Tyagi K, Chatterjee RK. Our experience with experimentalWuchereria bancrofti infection in Indian langur (Presbytis entellus). Indian J Clin Biochem 1997; 12:35. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02873053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Misra S, Tyagi K, Chatterjee RK. Experimental transmission of nocturnally periodic Wuchereria bancrofti to Indian leaf monkey (Presbytis entellus). Exp Parasitol 1997; 86:155-7. [PMID: 9207745 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1997.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Successful experimental transmission of the human lymphatic dwelling nocturnal periodic strain of Wuchereria bancrofti has been achieved from man to Indian leaf monkey (Presbytis entellus) through a susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti. The prepatent period varied between 195 and 240 days. Microfilaria (mf) levels were in general low and the peak count was attained at 1800 hr. Of the adult worms 5-12.5% were recovered from male langur while females revealed poor (2.54%) recovery. This host--parasite model thus makes available the target parasite material in substantial quantity to work on chemotherapeutic and immunological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Misra
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Tyagi K, Murthy PK, Chatterjee RK. Brugia malayi in Mastomys natalensis: influence of immunostimulators on exertion of antifilarial activity of diethylcarbamazine. Trop Med Parasitol 1994; 45:24-26. [PMID: 8066377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of immunopotentiators (Freund's complete adjuvant and CDRI Compound no. 84/201) has been evaluated on exertion of antifilarial activity of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) at different dose levels in Mastomys natalensis experimentally infected with Brugia malayi. DEC alone exhibited dose dependent micro- as well as macrofilarial action. In combination with immunomodulators, activity of DEC was significantly enhanced even at a lower dose level (12.5 mg/kg). However at higher dose level (> 25 mg/kg) of the drug along with immunostimulator the adulticidal activity was significantly reduced. Nevertheless, immunopotentiators themselves displayed certain amount of antifilarial action (34-38% macrofilaricidal).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tyagi
- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Gupta CK, Srivastava M, Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Mandal SK, Gunmala, Sen AB. Circadian periodicity in microfilarial counts. J Trop Med Hyg 1990; 93:222-4. [PMID: 2348501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We propose a second-order harmonic model to describe circadian periodicity in the 24-h cycle of microfilarial counts. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were infected with Brugia malayi. Definite evidence of circadian periodicity was found in the microfilarial counts. The estimates of the parameters, periodicity indices and peak hours were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Gupta
- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Singh AK, Tyagi K, Murthy PK, Gupta CK, Mandal SK, Chandra R, Sircar AR, Katiyar JC. Evaluation of filarial skin test with Brugia malayi larval antigen in the field. Indian J Med Res 1990; 91:52-4. [PMID: 2345030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain comparable and reproducible results by filaria skin test with B. malayi larval antigen, standard procedure has been evolved. Antigen protein of 2 micrograms per test, injected intracutaneously, was found optimum for positive skin reaction. The reaction ratio based on increase of wheal area by 2 times or more was found to be statistically significant for interpreting positive results. However, in larger field trials, the simpler measurement of increase of wheal diameter by 1 1/2 times or more was found to be equally reliable. Patients treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate, antihistaminics and anti-inflammatory drugs are likely to be unresponsive to filarial antigen and will yield incorrect information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Division of Parasitology, King George's Medical College, Lucknow
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Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Singh AK, Chandra R, Pandey VC, Katiyar JC. Stability of filaria diagnostic antigen (Brugia malayi). Indian J Med Res 1988; 88:134-7. [PMID: 3058588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Sen AB. Attempt to infect Tatera indica indica with subperiodic strain of Brugia malayi. Indian J Med Res 1987; 85:471-2. [PMID: 3623659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Chandra R, Katiyar JC, Kalpana Murthy P, Singh AK, Tyagi K, Sen AB. Comparison of filaria skin test & microfilaria demonstration in the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. Indian J Med Res 1986; 83:171-4. [PMID: 3710543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Tyagi K, Murthy PK, Sen AB. Effect of some known antifilarials on the immune responses of Mastomys natalensis infected with Brugia malayi. Indian J Med Res 1986; 83:155-61. [PMID: 3710542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Katiyar JC, Chandra R, Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Sen AB. Specificity of Brugia malayi antigens in filarial skin test. Indian J Med Res 1985; 81:465-70. [PMID: 2411654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Tyagi K, Murthy PK, Sen AB. Sequential changes in the antibody response of Mastomys natalensis consequent to Brugia malayi infection. Indian J Med Res 1985; 81:269-74. [PMID: 3894227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Murthy PK, Tyagi K, Roy Chowdhury TK, Sen AB. Susceptibility of Mastomys natalensis (GRA strain) to a subperiodic strain of human Brugia malayi. Indian J Med Res 1983; 77:623-30. [PMID: 6618535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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