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Ouerfelli-Ethier J, Salemme R, Fournet R, Urquizar C, Pisella L, Khan AZ. Impaired Spatial Inhibition Processes for Interhemispheric Anti-saccades following Dorsal Posterior Parietal Lesions. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab054. [PMID: 34604753 PMCID: PMC8481671 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-saccades are eye movements that require inhibition to stop the automatic saccade to the visual target and to perform instead a saccade in the opposite direction. The inhibitory processes underlying anti-saccades have been primarily associated with frontal cortex areas for their role in executive control. Impaired performance in anti-saccades has also been associated with the parietal cortex, but its role in inhibitory processes remains unclear. Here, we tested the assumption that the dorsal parietal cortex contributes to spatial inhibition processes of contralateral visual target. We measured anti-saccade performance in 2 unilateral optic ataxia patients and 15 age-matched controls. Participants performed 90 degree (across and within visual fields) and 180 degree inversion anti-saccades, as well as pro-saccades. The main result was that our patients took longer to inhibit visually guided saccades when the visual target was presented in the ataxic hemifield and the task required a saccade across hemifields. This was observed through anti-saccades latencies and error rates. These deficits show the crucial role of the dorsal posterior parietal cortex in spatial inhibition of contralateral visual target representations to plan an accurate anti-saccade toward the ipsilesional side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ouerfelli-Ethier
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal H3T 1P1, Canada
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, INSERM 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon I Claude-Bernard, Lyon 69500, France
| | - Romeo Salemme
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, INSERM 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon I Claude-Bernard, Lyon 69500, France
| | - Romain Fournet
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal H3T 1P1, Canada
| | - Christian Urquizar
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, INSERM 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon I Claude-Bernard, Lyon 69500, France
| | - Laure Pisella
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, INSERM 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon I Claude-Bernard, Lyon 69500, France
| | - Aarlenne Z Khan
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal H3T 1P1, Canada
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Funayama M, Takata T, Nakagawa Y, Sunagawa K, Nakajima A, Kawashima H, Mimura M. Visuospatial working memory dysfunction from tapping span test as a diagnostic tool for patients with mild posterior cortical atrophy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10580. [PMID: 34012020 PMCID: PMC8134425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy is a rare degenerative condition with prominent visuospatial dysfunction which commonly occurs between ages 50 and 65. A diagnosis of mild posterior cortical atrophy sometimes challenging and can be delayed because there are currently no established neuropsychological examination methods that can easily be used in clinical settings. In this study, we examined whether the tapping span test is a potential diagnostic tool for posterior cortical atrophy and what impairment the tapping span test is indicative of in this condition. Eight patients with mild posterior cortical atrophy were recruited. Age- and severity-matched individuals with amnesic Alzheimer's disease (n = 9) were also recruited as a control group. The participants were subjected to the tapping span test and several visuospatial working memory tests. The results of the tapping span and visuospatial working memory tests were worse for the posterior cortical atrophy group when compared with the control group. The results from the tapping span tests were strongly correlated with those from the visuospatial working memory tests. The tapping span test is a simple and potentially useful diagnostic tool for patients with mild posterior cortical atrophy, as it reflects visuospatial working memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Funayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, 284-1, Yobe, Ashikaga-City, Tochigi, 3260843, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, 1330052, Japan.
| | - Taketo Takata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, 284-1, Yobe, Ashikaga-City, Tochigi, 3260843, Japan
| | | | - Kosaku Sunagawa
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 5820026, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, 3260843, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawashima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, 3260843, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
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Abstract
This chapter starts by reviewing the various interpretations of Bálint syndrome over time. We then develop a novel integrative view in which we propose that the various symptoms, historically reported and labeled by various authors, result from a core mislocalization deficit. This idea is in accordance with our previous proposal that the core deficit of Bálint syndrome is attentional (Pisella et al., 2009, 2013, 2017) since covert attention improves spatial resolution in visual periphery (Yeshurun and Carrasco, 1998); a deficit of covert attention would thus increase spatial uncertainty and thereby impair both visual object identification and visuomotor accuracy. In peripheral vision, we perceive the intrinsic characteristics of the perceptual elements surrounding us, but not their precise localization (Rosenholtz et al., 2012a,b), such that without covert attention we cannot organize them to their respective and recognizable objects; this explains why perceptual symptoms (simultanagnosia, neglect) could result from visual mislocalization. The visuomotor symptoms (optic ataxia) can be accounted for by both visual and proprioceptive mislocalizations in an oculocentric reference frame, leading to field and hand effects, respectively. This new pathophysiological account is presented along with a model of posterior parietal cortex organization in which the superior part is devoted to covert attention, while the right inferior part is involved in visual remapping. When the right inferior parietal cortex is damaged, additional representational mislocalizations across saccades worsen the clinical picture of peripheral mislocalizations due to an impairment of covert attention.
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Sunagawa K, Funayama M, Nakagawa Y, Tanemura R. Numeric input operation on electronic devices among individuals with visuospatial working memory impairment. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2020; 31:669-690. [PMID: 32031038 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1723650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn human-computer interactions, higher-level visuospatial function is likely needed to effectively use the interface. The aim of this study is to clarify whether individuals with visuospatial defects can use electronic devices effectively. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the ability of seven individuals with Bálint syndrome and seven individuals with left-unilateral spatial neglect (USN) to input a digit sequence into a flat touch interface. Control groups consisted of seven individuals with memory deficits and 11 healthy individuals. Participants with Bálint syndrome took longer and had more hesitations than the USN group and the two control groups to input numerical sequences (Steel-Dwass test, p < .01). In addition, participants with Bálint syndrome had a high percentage of hesitations for exploration of the button array on the interface relative to USN and the memory deficit group (Fisher's exact test, p < .05). Regarding neuropsychological data, participants with Bálint syndrome had a lower score for visuospatial working memory than participants with USN and the memory deficits control group (Steel-Dwass test, p < .01). The results shed some light on the relation between visuospatial working memory deficits and the spatial perception of interface layouts and spatial control during electronic device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Sunagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Uegahara Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michitaka Funayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Rumi Tanemura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
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Galli S, Aybek S, Chokron S, Moulin T, Magnin E. Modification of both functional neurological symptoms and neuroimaging patterns with a good anatomoclinical concordance: a case report. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:270. [PMID: 31684891 PMCID: PMC6830004 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the nineteenth century, Jean Martin Charcot explained functional neurological disorder (formerly called conversion disorder) as a “psychodynamic” lesion. Numerous advances in neuroimaging have permitted identification of the neural underpinnings of this disorder. Case presentation Herein we describe a case of functional neurological disorder (FND) with initial left sensorimotor deficit, in-coordinated limb movements, neglect, clouded consciousness, slurred speech and a semiology of visual impairment. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed a right thalamic hypoperfusion, which is rather concordant with the initial semiology. Later, the semiology changed, presenting with a predominantly neurovisual complex presentation. The second SPECT showed no more thalamic abnormalities but an hypoperfusion in the right temporo-occipital junction, right inferior parietal lobe and left superior frontal lobe, which is also rather concordant with the changing semiology. Conclusions This case illustrates the evolving neuroimaging patterns of FND but also the concordance between semiology and neuroimaging findings in FND supporting Charcot's theory of “dynamic lesion”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Galli
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 bd alexandre fleming, 25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Selma Aybek
- Neurology University Clinic, Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Chokron
- Laboratory of Psychology of Perception, UMR 8242, CNRS and Paris Descartes University and Vision and Cognition Unity, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Moulin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 bd alexandre fleming, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 bd alexandre fleming, 25030, Besançon, France
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Heckmann JG, Vachalova I, Lang CJG, Pitz S. Neuro-Ophthalmology at the Bedside: A Clinical Guide. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 9:561-573. [PMID: 30271051 PMCID: PMC6126320 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_145_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-ophthalmological signs and symptoms are common in the emergency department but are a frequent source of diagnostic uncertainties. However, neuro-ophthalmological signs often allow a precise neuro-topographical localization of the clinical problem. A practical concept is presented how to perform a neuro-ophthalmological examination at the bedside and to interpret key findings under the aspect of emergency medicine with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef G Heckmann
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Landshut, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ivana Vachalova
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Landshut, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christoph J G Lang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Pitz
- Orbital Center, Bürgerhospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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Metzger A, Pisella L, Vighetto A, Joubert B, Honnorat J, Tilikete C, Desestret V. Balint syndrome in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. NEUROLOGY - NEUROIMMUNOLOGY NEUROINFLAMMATION 2019; 6:e532. [PMID: 30588484 PMCID: PMC6299677 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Metzger
- Service de neuro-ophtalmologie et neuro-cognition (A.M., A.V., C.T., V.D.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; IMPACT-Integrative, Multisensory (L.P., A.V., C.T.), Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Centre de recherche des Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., B.J., J.H., C.T., V.D.); Centre de référence français des syndromes paranéoplasiques (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310 (B.J., J.H., V.D.), équipe synaptopathies et anticorps (SYNATAC), Lyon, France
| | - Laure Pisella
- Service de neuro-ophtalmologie et neuro-cognition (A.M., A.V., C.T., V.D.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; IMPACT-Integrative, Multisensory (L.P., A.V., C.T.), Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Centre de recherche des Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., B.J., J.H., C.T., V.D.); Centre de référence français des syndromes paranéoplasiques (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310 (B.J., J.H., V.D.), équipe synaptopathies et anticorps (SYNATAC), Lyon, France
| | - Alain Vighetto
- Service de neuro-ophtalmologie et neuro-cognition (A.M., A.V., C.T., V.D.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; IMPACT-Integrative, Multisensory (L.P., A.V., C.T.), Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Centre de recherche des Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., B.J., J.H., C.T., V.D.); Centre de référence français des syndromes paranéoplasiques (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310 (B.J., J.H., V.D.), équipe synaptopathies et anticorps (SYNATAC), Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Joubert
- Service de neuro-ophtalmologie et neuro-cognition (A.M., A.V., C.T., V.D.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; IMPACT-Integrative, Multisensory (L.P., A.V., C.T.), Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Centre de recherche des Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., B.J., J.H., C.T., V.D.); Centre de référence français des syndromes paranéoplasiques (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310 (B.J., J.H., V.D.), équipe synaptopathies et anticorps (SYNATAC), Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Service de neuro-ophtalmologie et neuro-cognition (A.M., A.V., C.T., V.D.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; IMPACT-Integrative, Multisensory (L.P., A.V., C.T.), Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Centre de recherche des Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., B.J., J.H., C.T., V.D.); Centre de référence français des syndromes paranéoplasiques (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310 (B.J., J.H., V.D.), équipe synaptopathies et anticorps (SYNATAC), Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Tilikete
- Service de neuro-ophtalmologie et neuro-cognition (A.M., A.V., C.T., V.D.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; IMPACT-Integrative, Multisensory (L.P., A.V., C.T.), Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Centre de recherche des Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., B.J., J.H., C.T., V.D.); Centre de référence français des syndromes paranéoplasiques (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310 (B.J., J.H., V.D.), équipe synaptopathies et anticorps (SYNATAC), Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Desestret
- Service de neuro-ophtalmologie et neuro-cognition (A.M., A.V., C.T., V.D.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; IMPACT-Integrative, Multisensory (L.P., A.V., C.T.), Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Centre de recherche des Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., B.J., J.H., C.T., V.D.); Centre de référence français des syndromes paranéoplasiques (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310 (B.J., J.H., V.D.), équipe synaptopathies et anticorps (SYNATAC), Lyon, France
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8
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Valdois S, Lassus-Sangosse D, Lallier M, Moreaud O, Pisella L. What bilateral damage of the superior parietal lobes tells us about visual attention disorders in developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 2018; 130:78-91. [PMID: 30098328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified the superior parietal lobules bilaterally as the neural substrates of reduced visual attention (VA) span in developmental dyslexia. It remains however unclear whether the VA span deficit and the deficits in temporal and spatial attention shifting also reported in dyslexic children reflect a unitary spatio-temporal deficit of attention - probably linked to general posterior parietal dysfunction- or the dysfunction of distinct attentional systems that relate to different neural substrates. We explored this issue by testing an adult patient, IG, with a specific damage of the bilateral superior parietal lobules after stroke, on tasks assessing the VA span as well as temporal and spatial attention shifting. IG demonstrated a very severe VA span deficit, but preserved temporal attention shifting. Exogenous spatial orientation shifting was spared but her performance was impaired in endogenous attention. The overall findings show that distinct sub-systems of visual attention can be dissociated within the parietal lobe, suggesting that different attentional systems associated with specific neural networks can be selectively impaired in developmental dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Valdois
- CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, 38040 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, 38040 Grenoble, France.
| | - D Lassus-Sangosse
- CMRR, Pôle Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Rééducation neurologique, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, France
| | - M Lallier
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - O Moreaud
- CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, 38040 Grenoble, France; CMRR, Pôle Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Rééducation neurologique, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, France
| | - L Pisella
- ImpAct - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Bron, France
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9
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Toba MN, Rabuffetti M, Duret C, Pradat-Diehl P, Gainotti G, Bartolomeo P. Component deficits of visual neglect: “Magnetic” attraction of attention vs. impaired spatial working memory. Neuropsychologia 2018; 109:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Rise and fall of the two visual systems theory. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2017; 60:130-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Raz N, Levin N. Neuro-visual rehabilitation. J Neurol 2016; 264:1051-1058. [PMID: 27687870 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that almost one-third of patients suffer from visual deficits following brain damage; neuro-visual rehabilitation to compensate for visual field deficits is relatively neglected in the clinical setting. This is in contrast to physio and speech therapies, which are the bread and butter of rehabilitative programs. Likewise, programs that address coping with dementia usually concentrate on language, memory and cognitive skills, but often fail to address the deficits experienced by the subset of patients suffering from progressive cortico-visual dysfunction. Herein, we will review the different approaches to neuro-visual rehabilitation, mainly concentrating on restorative and compensatory treatments. While the first claims to restore vision in the blind visual field, the latter attempts to improve the use of the remaining intact field. These approaches differ in their premise regarding the ability of the adult human brain to adapt following damage, reflecting different attitudes toward the presumed treatment target organ. While restorative therapies claim to reactivate inactive neurons within or around the damaged cortices, compensatory approaches aim to improve voluntary eye movements to compensate the visual loss. We will also briefly discuss the use of optical devices for bypassing the visual deficit as well as the use of the blind-sight phenomena to convert non-conscious visual abilities in the blind visual field into awareness. The various therapeutic approaches will be discussed in the context of patients suffering from hemianopsia and in patients suffering from posterior cortical atrophy. We will argue that of all, the compensatory strategies have shown the most promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Raz
- fMRI Lab, Neurology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Netta Levin
- fMRI Lab, Neurology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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12
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Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is the canonical “visual dementia,” with affected individuals experiencing a progressive disintegration of their visual world owing to dysfunction and atrophy at the back of the brain. The syndrome, which also affects literacy, numeracy, and gesture, is typically caused by Alzheimer’s disease, but is distinguished from more common amnestic presentations by virtue of relatively preserved episodic memory and insight. Although problems with object and space perception are the most widely reported and investigated symptoms, these higher-order perceptual difficulties are often underpinned by an array of changes in more basic visual and oculomotor processes. Here we review recent studies providing insights into these more elementary aspects of vision in PCA, including fixation stability, saccade generation, point localization, excessive crowding, and factors affecting the effective field of vision. We argue that a more detailed appreciation of these fundamental changes in the early visual system not only will improve the characterization and understanding of this rare clinico-radiological syndrome but will also guide the design of visual aids and strategies aimed at maintaining everyday abilities in individuals with PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London
| | - Keir X. X. Yong
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London
| | - Timothy J. Shakespeare
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London
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13
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Pisella L. Visual perception is dependent on visuospatial working memory and thus on the posterior parietal cortex. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016; 60:141-147. [PMID: 26926263 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Visual perception involves complex and active processes. We will start by explaining why visual perception is dependent on visuospatial working memory, especially the spatiotemporal integration of the perceived elements through the ocular exploration of visual scenes. Then we will present neuropsychology, transcranial magnetic stimulation and neuroimaging data yielding information on the specific role of the posterior parietal cortex of the right hemisphere in visuospatial working memory. Within the posterior parietal cortex, neuropsychology data also suggest that there might be dissociated neural substrates for deployment of attention (superior parietal lobules) and spatiotemporal integration (right inferior parietal lobule).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Pisella
- ImpAct team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS-UMR5292, 69676 Bron, France; Lyon 1 University, 69373 Bron, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion and Mouvement et Handicap, 69676 Bron, France.
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14
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Ten Brink AF, Biesbroek JM, Kuijf HJ, Van der Stigchel S, Oort Q, Visser-Meily JMA, Nijboer TCW. The right hemisphere is dominant in organization of visual search-A study in stroke patients. Behav Brain Res 2016; 304:71-9. [PMID: 26876010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancellation tasks are widely used for diagnosis of lateralized attentional deficits in stroke patients. A disorganized fashion of target cancellation has been hypothesized to reflect disturbed spatial exploration. In the current study we aimed to examine which lesion locations result in disorganized visual search during cancellation tasks, in order to determine which brain areas are involved in search organization. A computerized shape cancellation task was administered in 78 stroke patients. As an index for search organization, the amount of intersections of paths between consecutive crossed targets was computed (i.e., intersections rate). This measure is known to accurately depict disorganized visual search in a stroke population. Ischemic lesions were delineated on CT or MRI images. Assumption-free voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping and region of interest-based analyses were used to determine the grey and white matter anatomical correlates of the intersections rate as a continuous measure. The right lateral occipital cortex, superior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, first branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF I), and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, were related to search organization. To conclude, a clear right hemispheric dominance for search organization was revealed. Further, the correlates of disorganized search overlap with regions that have previously been associated with conjunctive search and spatial working memory. This suggests that disorganized visual search is caused by disturbed spatial processes, rather than deficits in high level executive function or planning, which would be expected to be more related to frontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F Ten Brink
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Matthijs Biesbroek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo J Kuijf
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Van der Stigchel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Quirien Oort
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M A Visser-Meily
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C W Nijboer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Funayama M, Nakagawa Y, Sunagawa K. Visuospatial working memory is severely impaired in Bálint syndrome patients. Cortex 2015; 69:255-64. [PMID: 26117797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been proposed that visuospatial working memory may be impaired in Bálint syndrome patients, neither a systematic study concerning this proposal nor a comparison with patients having right-parietal damage has been made. Visuospatial working memory was assessed for six Bálint syndrome patients and members of two control groups-one composed of individuals with right-parietal damage (n = 15) and a second of age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (n = 26). We placed special emphasis on patients with a mild form of Bálint syndrome who can judge positional relationships between two objects. First, the participants were subjected to delayed visuospatial matching tasks. Next, their visuospatial-temporal integration abilities were assessed using a shape-from-moving-dots task. Visuospatial working memory was impaired for Bálint syndrome patients compared with controls according to the results of the tests. The differences between the Bálint syndrome and control subjects remained when only data for patients with the mild form of Bálint syndrome were included. We conclude that visuospatial working memory may be severely impaired in Bálint syndrome patients and, therefore, might influence their inability to properly execute movements and behaviours associated with daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Funayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | - Kosaku Sunagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Uegahara Hospital, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
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16
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Schneider WX, Einhäuser W, Horstmann G. Introduction to competitive visual processing across space and time: attention, memory, and prediction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1339:v-viii. [PMID: 25809212 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner X Schneider
- Neuro-cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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