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Overman ML, Vrijkotte T, Sánchez Castro YM, Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, Hunsberger M, Renders CM, Kremers SPJ, Chinapaw MJM. The cross-sectional association of parental psychosocial status with children's Body Mass Index z-score and the mediating role of children's energy balance behaviors - the ABCD Study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302147. [PMID: 38683830 PMCID: PMC11057752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the cross-sectional association between the psychosocial status of mothers and fathers and the BMI z-scores of their 10 to 12-year-old children. Explore whether this association is mediated by children's diet, physical activity, screen time and sleep. Analyze the moderating effect of the educational levels of both the mother and father on the association. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study design, children's height and weight were measured following a standardized protocol. Parents completed the validated Depression Anxiety and Stress questionnaire, while diet quality, sports participation, time spent in bed and screen time were assessed through child-report using previously validated questions. PARTICIPANTS The data for this study were obtained from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, involving children aged 10 to 12 years and both of their parents (N = 1315). RESULTS The majority, 80%, of the parents were highly educated and born in the Netherlands, and 68% of the children had a healthy BMI. Maternal or paternal psychosocial status was not significantly associated with children's BMI z-score (maternal β -0.0037; 95% CI: -0.008 to 0.0007, paternal β 0.0028; 95% CI: -0.007 to 0.002). Screen time mediated the association between paternal psychosocial status and children's BMI z-score (β = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.002; 0.020). Children's diet, physical activity, and sleep did not mediate the association between paternal psychosocial status and children's BMI z-score. Parental educational level was not a moderator. CONCLUSIONS This research is unique in including four energy balance behaviors and including both mothers and fathers' psychosocial status. Children withfathers experiencing poorer psychosocial status engaged in more screen time which partly explained their higher BMI z-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L. Overman
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Vrijkotte
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda M. Sánchez Castro
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet W. Harskamp-van Ginkel
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carry M. Renders
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stef P. J. Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mai J. M. Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Guo F, Chen X, Howland S, Danza P, Niu Z, Gauderman WJ, Habre R, McConnell R, Yan M, Whitfield L, Li Y, Hodis HN, Breton CV, Bastain TM, Farzan SF. Perceived Stress From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiometabolic End Points in Young Adulthood: An 18-Year Prospective Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030741. [PMID: 38230530 PMCID: PMC11056127 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated how childhood-to-adulthood perceived stress patterns predict adult cardiometabolic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 276 participants from the Southern California Children's Health Study (2003-2014), and a follow-up assessment (2018-2021). Perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) was initially reported by participants' parents for themselves during early childhood (mean age, 6.3 years), and later self-reported during adolescence (13.3 years) and young adulthood (23.6 years). Participants were grouped into 4 stress patterns: consistently high, decreasing, increasing, and consistently low. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed in young adulthood by carotid artery intima-media thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, obesity, percent body fat, android/gynoid ratio, and glycated hemoglobin. A cardiometabolic risk score was generated by summing the clinically abnormal markers. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to (1) examine the associations between Perceived Stress Scale at 3 time points and adult cardiometabolic risk, and (2) assess the impact of stress pattern on adult cardiometabolic risk. Findings suggested that in adulthood, higher Perceived Stress Scale score was associated with increased overall cardiometabolic risk (β=0.12 [95% CI, 0.01-0.22]), carotid artery intima-media thickness (β=0.01 [95% CI, 0.0003-0.02]), systolic blood pressure (β=1.27 [95% CI, 0.09-2.45]), and diastolic blood pressure (β=0.94 [95% CI, 0.13-1.75]). Individuals with a consistently high adolescence-to-adulthood stress pattern had greater overall cardiometabolic risk (β=0.31 [95% CI, 0.02-0.60]), android/gynoid ratio (β=0.07 [95% CI, 0.02-0.13]), percent body fat (β=2.59 [95% CI, 0.01-5.17]), and greater odds of obesity (odds ratio, 5.57 [95% CI, 1.62-19.10]) in adulthood, compared with those with a consistently low Perceived Stress Scale score. CONCLUSIONS Consistently high perceived stress from adolescence to adulthood may contribute to greater cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Guo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Steve Howland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Phoebe Danza
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - W. James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lora Whitfield
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Yanjie Li
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Howard N. Hodis
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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Kim KW, Wallander JL, Kim B. Associations of Broader Parental Factors with Children's Happiness and Weight Status through Child Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Screen Time: A Longitudinal Modeling Analysis of South Korean Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:176. [PMID: 38397667 PMCID: PMC10888306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated how broader parental factors including parental happiness, parental play engagement, and parenting stress are related to Korean children's happiness and weight status across three years via indirect pathways through the children's energy-related behaviors of healthy and unhealthy food intake, physical activity, and screen time. Data from 1551 Korean parent pairs and 7-year-old children in the Panel Study on Korean Children were analyzed. A path analysis and gender-based multi-group analysis were conducted. Maternal happiness was negatively related to child screen time. Maternal play engagement showed positive concurrent associations with child healthy food intake and physical activity and negative associations with screen time. Maternal parenting stress was negatively related to child healthy eating. There was one significant finding related to fathers' role on children's energy-related behaviors, happiness, and weight status: the positive association between parental happiness and boys' unhealthy food intake. Child screen time was positively related to child weight status and negatively to child happiness at each age. Broader maternal parenting factors can serve as a protective factor for childhood happiness and weight status in 7-to-9-year-olds through being associated with a reduction in child screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay W. Kim
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA;
| | - Jan L. Wallander
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA;
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Simple Steps Community Connection, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
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van der Lubbe A, Swaab H, Vermeiren R, van den Akker E, Ester W. Novel Insights into Obesity in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01679-1. [PMID: 38300430 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is present in 8-32% of the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, most studies are performed in school-aged children from the USA. The current study compares obesity rates of Dutch preschoolers with ASD with children from the Dutch general population and explores which child- and parental factors are related to obesity in children with ASD. This cross-sectional study is part of the ongoing Tandem Study (Dutch Trial register: NL7534). Seventy-eight children with ASD aged 3-7 years and their parents (77 mothers, 67 fathers) participated. Child factors are: Body Mass Index (by physical measurement), child eating behavior (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire), child problem behavior (Child Behavior Checklist), and ASD severity (Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale 2). Parental factors are: BMI (by physical measurement), parental eating behavior (Dutch Eating Behavior Inventory), parenting stress (The Parenting Stress Questionnaire) and highest completed educational level (SES). Children with ASD were 8 times more often obese (16.8%) than children from the general population (2.0%). Child BMI correlated positively with child food approach behavior and maternal BMI, and correlated negatively with child 'Slowness in eating'. There was no correlation between child BMI and ASD severity, problem behavior, parental eating behavior, parental stress and SES. Thus, Dutch, preschool children with ASD have 8 times higher obesity rates than children from the general population. More attention to obesity risk in research and clinical care could contribute to the quality of life of individuals with ASD and their families. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Dutch Trial register, NL7534, https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL7534 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna van der Lubbe
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Youz Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parnassia Group, Dynamostraat 18, Rotterdam, 3083 AK, The Netherlands.
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Parnassia Group, Parnassia Academy, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanna Swaab
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Youz Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parnassia Group, Dynamostraat 18, Rotterdam, 3083 AK, The Netherlands
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vermeiren
- Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC-Curium, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Erica van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Endocrinology and Obesity Center CGG NL, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Ester
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Youz Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parnassia Group, Dynamostraat 18, Rotterdam, 3083 AK, The Netherlands
- Parnassia Group, Parnassia Academy, Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC-Curium, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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Wood CT, Churchill ML, McGrath M, Aschner J, Brunwasser SM, Geiger S, Gogcu S, Hartert TV, Hipwell AE, Lee-Sarwar K, Lyall K, Moog NK, O'Connor TG, O'Shea TM, Smith PB, Wright RJ, Zhang X, Zimmerman E, Huddleston KC, Brown CL. Maternal stress and early childhood BMI among US children from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:2085-2091. [PMID: 37479746 PMCID: PMC10938641 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to understand the association between maternal stress in the first year of life and childhood body mass index (BMI) from 2 to 4 years of age in a large, prospective United States-based consortium of cohorts. METHODS We used data from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. The main exposure was maternal stress in the first year of life measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The main outcome was the first childhood BMI percentile after age 2 until age 4 years. We used an adjusted linear mixed effects model to examine associations between BMI and PSS quartile. RESULTS The mean BMI percentile in children was 59.8 (SD 30) measured at 3.0 years (SD 1) on average. In both crude models and models adjusted for maternal BMI, age, race, ethnicity, infant birthweight, and health insurance status, no linear associations were observed between maternal stress and child BMI. CONCLUSIONS Among 1694 maternal-infant dyads, we found no statistically significant relationships between maternal perceived stress in the first year of life and child BMI after 2 through 4 years. IMPACT Although existing literature suggests relationships between parental stress and childhood BMI, we found no linear associations between maternal stress in the first year of life and childhood BMI at 2-4 years of age among participants in ECHO cohorts. Higher maternal stress was significantly associated with Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, and public health insurance. Our analysis of a large, nationally representative sample challenges assumptions that maternal stress in the first year of life, as measured by a widely used scale, is associated with offspring BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T Wood
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health and Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marie L Churchill
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica McGrath
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judy Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Brunwasser
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah Geiger
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Semsa Gogcu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Lee-Sarwar
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Brian Smith
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Callie L Brown
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Hughes PM, Graaf G, deJong NA, Thomas KC. Emotional Support Among Parents of Children With Adverse Childhood Experiences. J Pediatr Health Care 2023; 37:557-565. [PMID: 37245128 PMCID: PMC10524602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assess the association between a child's exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the parent's current experiences of emotional support. METHOD This study used pooled cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Children's Health (N = 129,988). Emotional support for the parent was classified by the presence (any emotional support, no emotional support) and type (any formal support or only informal support). All models were adjusted for relevant predisposing, enabling, and need factors. RESULTS Having two or more ACEs was associated with a higher probability of any emotional support (average marginal effect = 0.017; 95% confidence interval = 0.002-0.032) and a higher probability of formal support (average marginal effect = 0.049; 95% confidence interval = 0.028-0.069). Several individual ACEs were associated with the presence and type of emotional support. DISCUSSION Parents of children with higher ACEs are likelier to have emotional support, especially formal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Hughes
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- Division of Research, UNC Health Sciences at MAHEC, Asheville, NC
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Genevive Graaf
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Neal A. deJong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kathleen C. Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Homs C, Berruezo P, Arcarons A, Wärnberg J, Osés M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MÁ, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Tur JA, Segú M, Fitó M, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sanchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar-Muñoz S, Bouzas C, Milà R, Schröder H, Gómez SF. Independent and Joined Association between Socioeconomic Indicators and Pediatric Obesity in Spain: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081987. [PMID: 37111206 PMCID: PMC10143028 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non-University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (≥12.731€/<12.731€). The prevalence of obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.5%, 1.4%, and 22.3%, respectively. Logistic regression models showed an inverse association of both education and labor market status with obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity (all p < 0.001). Income was also inversely associated with obesity (p < 0.01) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Finally, the highest composite SES category (University/Employed/≥12.731€ n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16-0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23-0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/<12.731€; n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GroW), Faculty of Health Sciences, Blanquerna Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Berruezo
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Albert Arcarons
- Office of the High Commissioner against Child Poverty, 28079 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sociology, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Maddi Osés
- IS-FOOD-Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, Canarian Health Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine-Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Segú
- Barça Foundation, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IS-FOOD-Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Augusto G Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sanchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universida de da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar-Muñoz
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Raimon Milà
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GroW), Faculty of Health Sciences, Blanquerna Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago F Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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8
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de Magalhães Bandeira C, Cascaes AM, Camargo MBJ, Santos IS, de Castilhos ED, Corrêa MB, Matijasevich A, Silva AER. Parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents: analysis of data from a birth cohort study in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00797-z. [PMID: 37052793 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analyze the association between parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents in southern Brazil using data from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. METHODS Interviews and oral health examinations for the determination of the main exposure and outcome of the study were performed in the homes of the adolescents. The outcome was dental caries experience in the permanent dentition analyzed using the Decayed, Missing and Filling Surfaces (DMFS) index. The main exposure was parental stress measured using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form administered to the parents of the adolescents. Demographic/socioeconomic characteristics, oral health characteristics and oral health-related quality of life were considered potential confounding factors. Negative binomial regressions estimated mean ratios (MR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Nine hundred ninety-six adolescents were evaluated at 12 and 13 years of age. The prevalence of dental caries experience in the adolescents was 36.9% (95% CI: 33.8-40.0) and 15.1% (95% CI: 12.8-17.3) of the parents had parental stress. After adjusting for confounding factors, parental stress was associated with a higher mean number of decayed, missing and filling surfaces in the adolescents (MR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26; p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Adolescents of parents with parental stress have more dental caries experience compared to those whose parents do not have parental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Magalhães Bandeira
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - A M Cascaes
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - M B J Camargo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - I S Santos
- Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E D de Castilhos
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M B Corrêa
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - A Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A E R Silva
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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9
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Webber-Ritchey KJ, Habtezgi D, Wu X, Samek A. Examining the Association Between Parental Factors and Childhood Obesity. J Community Health Nurs 2023; 40:94-105. [PMID: 36920112 PMCID: PMC10020867 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2022.2125809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between parent's diet and BMI (body mass index) and child's sedentary behavior and physical activity (PA) with child's BMI. DESIGN A descriptive design. METHODS Study participants were a parent-child dyad in a subsample of families enrolled in Chicago Heights Early Childhood Center. FINDINGS Approximately 80% of parents had a BMI classifying as overweight or obese. Associations between children's sedentary behavior, PA, and BMI were insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of including parents when developing strategies for promoting healthy behavior of children. CLINICAL EVIDENCE Community health nurses are well-positioned to promote healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashica J. Webber-Ritchey
- Department: College and Science Health, School of Nursing, Institution: DePaul University, Chicago IL 60614, USA
| | - Desale Habtezgi
- Department: College and Science Health, Mathematical Sciences, Institution: DePaul University, Chicago IL 60614, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Department: College and Science Health, Mathematical Sciences, Institution: DePaul University, Chicago IL 60614, USA
| | - Anya Samek
- Department: Rady School of Management, Economics, Institution: University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
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10
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Skjåkødegård HF, Hystad S, Bruserud I, Conlon RPK, Wilfley D, Frisk B, Roelants M, Juliusson PB, Danielsen YS. Perceived barriers in family-based behavioural treatment of paediatric obesity - Results from the FABO study. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12992. [PMID: 36468217 PMCID: PMC10078207 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few studies have investigated perceived barriers among those who participate in and drop out of family-based behavioural treatment (FBT) for paediatric obesity. Examining experienced barriers during treatment, and their role in participation and completion of treatment has important implications for clinical practice. OBJECTIVES To compare perceived barriers to participating in a family-based behavioural social facilitation treatment (FBSFT) for obesity among families who completed and did not complete treatment. METHODS Data were analysed from 90 families of children and adolescents (mean (M) age = 12.8 years, standard deviation (SD) = 3.05) with severe obesity enrolled in a 17-session FBSFT program. After completing 12 sessions or at the time of dropout, parents and therapists completed the Barriers to Treatment Participation Scale (BTPS), a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never a problem, 5 = very often a problem) which includes four subscales: 1. Stressors and obstacles that compete with treatment, 2. Treatment demands and issues, 3. Perceived relevance of treatment, 4. Relationship with the therapist. RESULTS Families who did not complete treatment scored significantly higher on the BTPS subscales stressors and obstacles that compete with treatment (M = 2.03, SD = 0.53 vs. M = 1.70, SD = 0.42), p = 0.010 and perceived relevance of treatment (M = 2.27, SD = 0.48 vs. M = 1.80, SD = 0.50), p < 0.001 than families who completed treatment. No other significant differences between groups were observed. CONCLUSION Families are more likely to drop out of FBSFT when experiencing a high burden from life stressors or when treatment is not meeting the expectations and perceived needs of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigurd Hystad
- Department of Psychosocial ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Ingvild Bruserud
- Faculty of HealthVID Specialized UniversityBergenNorway
- Department of PediatricsHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Rachel P. K. Conlon
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Denise Wilfley
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Bente Frisk
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- Department of PhysiotherapyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareKU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Petur B. Juliusson
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Children and Youth ClinicHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Health Registry Research and DevelopmentNorwegian Institute of Public HealthBergenNorway
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11
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Fismen AS, Frans Smith OR, Helleve A, Haug E, Chatelan A, Kelly C, Dzielska A, Nardone P, Melkumova M, Ercan O, Kopcakova J, Lazzeri G, Klepp KI, Samdal O. Cross-national variation in the association between family structure and overweight and obesity: Findings from the Health Behaviour in School-aged children (HBSC) study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101127. [PMID: 35677220 PMCID: PMC9168136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Fangupo L, Haszard J, Galland B, Taylor B, Heath A, Healey D, Meredith‐Jones K, Sayers R, Hatch B, Taylor R. Investigating the moderators and mediators of an effective sleep intervention in the Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) randomized controlled trial: Exploratory analyses. Clin Obes 2022; 12:e12516. [PMID: 35297224 PMCID: PMC9286685 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) sleep intervention halved obesity risk at 2 years of age. However, the intervention mechanisms are unclear. Consequently, the objective of the current work was to use exploratory analyses to investigate potential moderators and mediators of the sleep intervention on obesity outcomes at age 2 years. Data were collected between 2009 and 2012. The effect of demographic and study design variables on body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) and obesity was compared in moderator subgroups at 2 years of age (n = 683, 85%). Mediating effects of child and parent-household variables assessed whether the sleep intervention resulted in meaningful changes in the mediating variable (defined as changes which were statistically significant [p < .05] or where the effect size was ≥0.15 SD), followed by assessing relationships with obesity outcomes. The sleep intervention appeared most effective in children in higher deprivation areas (effect on BMI z-score -0.25 [-0.53, 0.04], effect on obesity odds ratio [OR] 0.43 [0.16, 1.13]), and with mothers of non-European, non-Māori ethnicity (effect on BMI z-score -0.27 [-0.73, 0.20], effect on obesity OR 0.13 [95% confidence interval 0.01, 1.11]). This suggested moderation by deprivation and ethnicity. Aspects of sleep improved meaningfully in children after intervention but did not significantly relate to obesity outcomes, and other outcomes were not meaningfully affected by the sleep intervention. Thus, mediation was not indicated. Overall, the POI sleep intervention improved obesity outcomes at 2 years, and the current work identified some potential moderators, but no mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fangupo
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | | - Barbara Galland
- Department of Women and Children's HealthUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Barry Taylor
- Department of Women and Children's HealthUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | | - Dione Healey
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | | - Rachel Sayers
- School of Nursing, Otago PolytechnicDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Burt Hatch
- Department of Women and Children's HealthUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- ISN Innovations, Institute for Social NeuroscienceMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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13
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White MJ, Schechter JC, Neely B, Reyes C, Maguire RL, Perrin EM, Ksinan AJ, Kollins SH, Fuemmeler BF. Parenting Stress, Child Weight-Related Behaviors, and Child Weight Status. Child Obes 2022; 18:150-159. [PMID: 34558990 PMCID: PMC8982134 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: There has been limited examination of the association between parenting stress and child weight-related behaviors. We aimed to determine whether parenting stress is associated with child weight-related behaviors, including physical activity, screen time, diet, sedentary time, and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). Secondarily, we assessed association between parenting stress and child weight status. Methods: Mother-child dyads (N = 291) enrolled in the Newborn Epigenetic STudy (NEST), a longitudinal cohort study, completed surveys to describe parenting stress, and child diet. Children participated in the EAH task and wore accelerometers to assess sedentary time and physical activity. Child weight status was assessed using measured height and weight. Outcomes and exposures were examined using generalized linear models and restricted cubic splines as appropriate based on linear lack-of-fit test. Results: Child sedentary time and vegetable consumption were inversely associated with parenting stress (Total Stress B = -0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.35 to -0.20; p = 0.017; and Total Stress adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.00; p = 0.022, respectively). Child screen time was directly associated with parenting stress (Total Stress = aOR 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; p = 0.032). Fast-food intake was nonlinearly associated with parenting stress. There was no evidence of association between parenting stress and child EAH, physical activity, or weight status. Associations between parenting stress and child weight-related behaviors were not moderated by race or family structure. Conclusions: Parenting stress was associated with important child weight-related behaviors but not weight status. Management of parenting stress may represent a reasonable adjunct to family-based behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. White
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Address correspondence to: Michelle J. White, MD, MPH, Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Julia C. Schechter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Neely
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Camila Reyes
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L. Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eliana M. Perrin
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Albert J. Ksinan
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Scott H. Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernard F. Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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14
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Effects of the healthy start randomized intervention on psychological stress and sleep habits among obesity-susceptible healthy weight children and their parents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264514. [PMID: 35271601 PMCID: PMC8912262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep and psychological stress are obesity determinants that are rarely included in obesity prevention programs. The aim was to report the effects of the Healthy Start randomized intervention on the secondary outcomes psychological stress and sleep duration and onset latency. Data was obtained from the Healthy Start randomized intervention conducted in 2009–2012 among Danish healthy weight children aged 2–6 years, who had either a high birth weight (>4,000 g), high maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (>28 kg/m2), or low maternal educational level (≤10 years of schooling) and their parents. The intervention was designed to deliver improvements in diet and physical activity habits, optimization of sleep habits, and reduction of psychological family stress. The average intervention period was 15 months. Children with information on a 7-day sleep record, sleep onset latency, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and a modified version of Parenting Stress Index (PSI) were included. The effects of the intervention on sleep habits, PSI scores, SDQ Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) and Pro-social Behavior scores, and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were analyzed using linear regression intention-to-treat (n = 543 (intervention group n = 271, control group n = 272)) analyses. No statistically significant effects on sleep duration, sleep onset latency, PSI score, or SDQ Pro-social Behavior score were observed. Values both before and after the intervention were within the normal range both for children in the intervention and children in the control group. Mean change in SDQ-TD was 0.09 points (95% CI -0.57;0.59) in the intervention group, and -0.69 points (95% CI -1.16; -0.23) in the control group (p = 0.06). In conclusion, there were no intervention effects in relation to sleep duration, sleep onset latency, PSI score, or SDQ Pro-social behavior. There was an indication that children in the intervention group had slightly more behavioral problems than the control group after the intervention, but values were within normal range both before and after the intervention, and the difference is not considered to be clinically meaningful.
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15
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Bhattacharya S, Agarwal P, Bera OP, Saleem SM, Shikha D, Vallabh V, Juyal R, Singh A. COVID-19 and childhood obesity (CO-BESITY) in the era of new normal life: A need for a policy research. J Public Health Res 2021; 10. [PMID: 34918498 PMCID: PMC9131485 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of new normal life (after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)), our children are experiencing the double threat of COVID-19 and Childhood Obesity (CO-BESITY). The rate of childhood obesity has been rapidly increasing in developed as well as low middle-income countries during the pandemic. DESIGN AND METHODS The current paper aims to identify the probable reasons of increase in childhood obesity during this pandemic and offers suggestions to reduce the burden of it. Literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the key terms "childhood obesity," "obesity," "pandemic," and/or childhood obesity. All the relevant articles were included to support the argument for this viewpoint. RESULTS Childhood obesity is a complicated disorder having diverse outcomes. The incidence of childhood obesity is clearly analysed from Bronfenbrenner's model of child development. The model examines an overabundance of bio-psycho-social backgrounds, risks, and probable outcomes on the development of a child. COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the ecosystem of this dynamic model and has created an economic and social-cultural crisis that has ignited a chain reaction of stressors upon children and their families. In this paper, we have described how this Bronfenbrenner's model of child development also known as the Bioecological Model can be effective for the estimation and prevention of childhood obesity. CONCLUSION We propose that this Bioecological Model will help the children and their families further to understand and manage the problem of childhood obesity during this pandemic on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deep Shikha
- Department of Community Medicine, HIMS, SRHU, Dehradun.
| | | | - Ruchi Juyal
- Department of Community Medicine, HIMS, SRHU, Dehradun.
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and SPH, PGIMER, Chandigarh.
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16
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Amaerjiang N, Xiao H, Zunong J, Shu W, Li M, Pérez-Escamilla R, Hu Y. Sleep disturbances in children newly enrolled in elementary school are associated with parenting stress in China. Sleep Med 2021; 88:247-255. [PMID: 34798441 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of children's sleep disturbances among students newly enrolled in elementary school, and explored the association between the two during the child's transition from kindergarten to elementary school. METHODS In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,510 newly enrolled school kids and their parents in Beijing. Children's sleep characteristics were evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and parenting stress characteristics were assessed with the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between children's sleep and parenting stress. RESULTS A total of 77.9% of children newly enrolled in elementary school had sleep disturbances and 15.6% of parents had experienced parenting stress. When examining the relationship between children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress, monthly family income over US$1,550 was a protective factor and children with sleep disturbances were associated with higher risk of parenting stress. Two subscales from the CSHQ were associated with higher parenting stress risk: sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Similarly, parents experiencing parenting stress had children with higher risk of sleep disturbances. This risk was also higher for children from parents screening positive in the PSI-SF subscales for parental distress and difficult child. CONCLUSIONS We found that children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress were common and there was a bidirectional association between the two during this transition time. Schools and communities need to provide timely psychological support for children and parents to address major stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubiya Amaerjiang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huidi Xiao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiawulan Zunong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | | | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Jang M, Brown R, Park M. Mediating effect of the parent-child relationship on the association between parenting stress and children's eating behaviors. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1967. [PMID: 34717592 PMCID: PMC8557503 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that parenting stress plays a significant role in children's eating behavior. However, the nature of the relationship between parenting stress and children's health behaviors is still not well understood, possibly because there is limited understanding of the mediating factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship on the association between parenting stress and children's eating behaviors in families with young children. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited mothers of families with children aged four to six years in the United States. We asked the mothers select one child if she has more than one eligible child. Mothers answered well-validated questionnaires regarding parenting stress, the parent-child relationship, and children's eating behaviors. We utilized a structural equation model to analyze the mediating factors. RESULTS A total of 172 mothers of children participated in this study. The children's mean age was 4.92 (SD 0.89) years; 50% of children were female and 71.2% were non-Hispanic Whites. Parenting stress was associated with subcategories of the parent-child relationship (satisfaction with parenting [b* = - 0.69, p < .01], communication [b* = 0.45, p < 0.01], and limit setting [b* = - 0.82, p < .01]). The subcategories of communication and limit setting were negatively associated with food responsiveness in children (b* = - 0.24, p < .01; b* = - 0.46, p < .01, respectively). Limit setting was negatively associated with emotional overeating in children (b* = - 0.49, p < .01). Communication mediated the association between parenting stress and food responsiveness in children (b* = - 0.11, p < .01). The mediating role of limit setting was established in the association between parenting stress and food responsiveness as well as in the association between parenting stress and emotional overeating (b* = 0.38, p < .01; b* = 0.40, p < .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The parent-child relationship is an important component in improving children's eating behaviors in families that have parents with higher parenting stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungock Jang
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Munhwa-ro 266, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Roger Brown
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Signe Skott Cooper Hall, 701 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Moonkyoung Park
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Munhwa-ro 266, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
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18
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Childhood Obesity and Maternal Personality Traits: A New Point of View on Obesity Behavioural Aspects. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:538-545. [PMID: 34564346 PMCID: PMC8482085 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic spread of childhood obesity in Western society has interested many researchers, who agree in defining it as a multifactorial disease in which not only eating habits and sedentary lifestyle play a role, but also genetic predisposition. The aim of this study was to analyze the personality profile of a group of mothers of children with obesity and to compare this profile to that of a group of mothers of children without obesity. A total of 258 mothers participated in the study (126 mothers of children with obesity and 132 mothers of children without obesity). Weight and height were measured and the body mass index was calculated. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory second edition (MMPI-2), evaluating personality and psychological disorders, was used to evaluate the personality profile. The results suggested that mothers of children with obesity score higher than the mothers of children without obesity in all MMPI-2 subscales. In most of these subscales, the differences between the two groups of mothers were statistically significant and with a medium to high effect size. These data suggest a new perspective on childhood obesity, identifying it as a multifactorial pathology that requires a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach that also takes care of caregivers to ensure optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Koning M, Vink JM, Renders C, Notten N, Eisinga R, Larsen JK. Is the Prospective Link between Parental Stress and Adolescent Snack Intake or Weight Outcome Mediated by Food Parenting Practices? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082485. [PMID: 34444649 PMCID: PMC8401057 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental stress may influence adolescents’ food intake and weight development over time, however, it is largely unknown why this is the case. This study examines whether the link between parental stress and adolescents’ snack intake and weight outcome is mediated by food parenting practices (FPPs). Participants included 400 parents and their adolescent children (aged 12–16) who completed questionnaires. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess parental general stress levels and the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) to assess FPPs. Multiple mediation analyses with parallel mediators were performed, with parental general stress as an independent variable and adolescent snack intake and zBMI as dependent variables. FPPs (autonomy support, coercive control, modeling, healthy structure, snack structure) were entered as mediators in the model, adjusted for covariates. Autonomy support mediated the link between parental general stress and adolescent savory snack and sweet snack intake at follow-up. Parents who reported higher stress levels provided less autonomy support, which resulted in more adolescent snacking. None of the other FPPs mediated any link between parental stress and intake or weight outcome, and no significant indirect effects were observed with zBMI as an outcome variable. Further research should replicate this finding and may further examine underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Koning
- Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Department of Healthy Society, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 10090, 8000 GB Zwolle, The Netherlands;
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacqueline M. Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Carry Renders
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Natascha Notten
- Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Department of Healthy Society, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 10090, 8000 GB Zwolle, The Netherlands;
| | - Rob Eisinga
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Junilla K. Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
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Flores-Peña Y, Avila-Alpirez H. Maternal Perception of the Child’s Weight, Lifestyle Problems and Self-Efficacy to Deal with Them. AQUICHAN 2021. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2021.21.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To associate the maternal perception of the child’s weight (MPCW) and the child’s nutritional status. To describe child’s lifestyle behavior problems (CLBPs) and maternal self-efficacy (SE) to deal with them, as well as to verify differences according to children with and without overweight-obesity (OW-OB) and MPCW.
Material and methods: There was participation of 274 dyads (mother-preschool child). MPCW was assessed through words and images. The mothers answered the Lifestyle Behaviour Checklist. The child’s weight and height were measured.
Results: 18.8 % (n = 13) of the mothers of children with OW-OB and 78.8 % (n = 160) of the mothers of children without OW-OB obtained adequate MPCW values through words (X2 = 77.759; DoF = 1; p < .001). It was identified that the mothers of children with OW-OB reported more CLBPs and less SE. When the child’s OW-OB is perceived through words, there are more CLBPs (F = 17.041; p = .001) and less SE (U = 1,118; p = .015).
Conclusions: Inadequate MPCW was predominant in mothers of children with OW-OB. When OW-OB is perceived, there are more CLBPs and fewer SE. It is recommended to promote adequate MPCW, particularly in mothers of children with OW-OB. Images assist in the identification of the child’s OW-OB more than to classify it into a category.
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21
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Koning M, Vink J, Visscher TLS, Larsen J. Maternal stress and depressive symptoms and adolescents' body mass index: a prospective study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:675. [PMID: 33827481 PMCID: PMC8028230 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests that maternal mental health issues are associated with (young) children’s weight outcomes. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs and have been aimed at (younger) children. The current prospective study focuses on the link between maternal mental health (i.e., psychological stress and depressive symptoms) and adolescents’ zBMI development. Methods The participants in the present study were part of wave 1 and 2 of a longitudinal study on Dutch adolescents’ and their parents’ health behavior. Adolescents (aged 10–14) and their parents were recruited through six secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands. For this study, we only included biological mothers and their adolescent children who participated in both waves, with data on the main measures in both waves, leaving a final sample of 336 biological mother-child dyads. Adolescents height and weight were measured, and both parents and adolescents filled in validated questionnaires on perceived stress and depressive symptoms and answered additional questions concerning domain-specific stress. Regression analyses were performed in R to examine longitudinal links between maternal stress and depressive symptoms at baseline (T1) and adolescents’ BMI standard deviation scores (zBMI) 6 months later (T2), corrected for baseline zBMI and covariates. Results Maternal general perceived stress (β = .20, p = .002) at T1 preceded higher adolescents’ zBMI at T2, after controlling for baseline zBMI and other covariates, whereas maternal depressive symptoms at T1 (β = −.05, p = .44) and other domain-specific stress did not (maternal financial stress, maternal stress at work, maternal stress at home). Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents (β = .16, p = .001) and adolescent depressive symptoms (β = .16, p = .001) was associated with a higher zBMI at T2. Conclusions Results suggest that maternal general stress, but not depressive symptoms, may influence adolescents’ weight development. Our findings warrant future investigation on whether and how general stress among mothers may predict weight increases of their adolescent offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Koning
- Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500, HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Healthy Society, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline Vink
- Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500, HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Junilla Larsen
- Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500, HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Rohde JF, Larsen SC, Händel MN, Olsen NJ, Stougaard M, Heitmann BL. Associations between Parental Stress and Subsequent Changes in Dietary Intake and Quality among Preschool Children Susceptible to Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073590. [PMID: 33808371 PMCID: PMC8038074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies indicate that parental stress may be a barrier for healthy dietary behaviours among children. However, there is a lack of evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake among toddlers. The aim of this study was to examine the association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake and quality among preschool children susceptible to obesity. METHODS In the Healthy Start study, parents to 250 preschool children had completed a modified version of the Parental Stress Index and assessed the dietary intake of their children at baseline and after 15 months of follow up. The association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake and quality was examined using multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounders. We tested for potential effect modification by group allocation and sex. RESULTS There were no significant associations between parental stress and subsequent changes in child total energy intake, intake of macronutrients or intake of fruit, vegetables, sugar sweetened beverages, fish or starch, or dietary quality. CONCLUSION This study provides no evidence to support an association between parental stress and subsequent change in dietary intake and quality of their children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, Trial number: NCT01583335, Registered: 31 March 2012, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofus Christian Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Mina Nicole Händel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Nanna Julie Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Maria Stougaard
- Center for Early Interventions and Family Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Pietrabissa G, Volpi C, Bottacchi M, Bertuzzi V, Guerrini Usubini A, Löffler-Stastka H, Prevendar T, Rapelli G, Cattivelli R, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E, Sartorio A. The Impact of Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health: The Lived Experience of Adolescents with Obesity and Their Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3026. [PMID: 33804231 PMCID: PMC7999166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a complex developmental phase, made more complex by obesity and the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature related to the impact of social isolation on obesity self-management in adolescents is scant and inconsistent. This paper describes the phenomenon from the perspectives of a sample of adolescents with obesity enrolled in an inpatients' multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight-loss and their caregivers, and its impact on different life domains. Individual semi-structured ad hoc interviews were conducted with 10 adolescent-caregiver dyads, and narratives were qualitatively investigated using an interpretative phenomenology approach to data. Twenty participants took part in the study. The major themes that emerged from this study fall into five basic categories: (1) COVID-19 as an opportunity to reconsider what makes a good life; (2) Persistence in life; (3) Empowering relationship; (4) Daily routine in quarantine; (5) Lives on hold. Understandings drawn from this study may assist health care professionals in providing holistic support, and guidance to adolescents with weight-related issues and their caregivers who experience social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Clarissa Volpi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Michela Bottacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Vanessa Bertuzzi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Guerrini Usubini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Tamara Prevendar
- Psychology Study Programme, Sigmund Freud University Vienna—Ljubljana Branch, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Giada Rapelli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Division of Auxology, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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Rojo M, Solano S, Lacruz T, Baile JI, Blanco M, Graell M, Sepúlveda AR. Linking Psychosocial Stress Events, Psychological Disorders and Childhood Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:211. [PMID: 33802090 PMCID: PMC8000555 DOI: 10.3390/children8030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is scientific evidence that supports a strong association between early exposure to stressful life events and the presence of health complications throughout adulthood and, to a lesser extent, in adolescence and childhood. The aim of this study was to examine the accumulation of Psychosocial Stress Events (PSE) and the prevalence of mental disorders in children from 8 to 12 years. The association between these factors and child weight measurements was analysed. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 children classified by weight status (obesity, overweight and normal-weight). The assessment was carried out in primary care centres and primary schools. An experienced team carried out a structured medical-psychosocial history and a semi-structured interview aimed at identifying an early diagnosis of psychological disorders. Children filled out a questionnaire to evaluate PSE. The obesity group presented the greatest accumulation of PSE and highest prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis, compared to overweight and normal-weight children. To exceed four or more stressful events was positively associated with psychological problems and child body mass index (BMI z-score). A predictive model confirmed the interaction between a larger number of PSE and the occurrence of a psychiatric diagnosis as variables that predispose children by 26.2 times more to increased weight status. In conclusion, the accumulation of PSE in the family, school and social environments of the children was related to greater psychological distress. If not managed, the likelihood of suffering from other health complications, such as excess weight, may increase. It is important to monitor these variables to ensure positive health outcomes while specifically addressing childhood obesity. This is especially relevant for children from a disadvantaged social background and disharmonious family environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rojo
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (T.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Santos Solano
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (T.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Tatiana Lacruz
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (T.L.); (M.B.)
| | - José I. Baile
- Department of Health and Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Open University of Madrid, 28400 Collado-Villalba, Spain;
| | - Miriam Blanco
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (T.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Sepúlveda
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (T.L.); (M.B.)
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Rothe J, Buse J, Uhlmann A, Bluschke A, Roessner V. Changes in emotions and worries during the Covid-19 pandemic: an online-survey with children and adults with and without mental health conditions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:11. [PMID: 33612122 PMCID: PMC7897360 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has spread quickly worldwide with dramatic consequences on our daily lives. Adverse psychosocial consequences of Covid-19 might be particularly severe for children and adolescents, parents of young children and people with mental health conditions (mhc), who are more prone to the experience of psychosocial stress and who are more dependent on the access to professional psychosocial support. The present survey therefore aimed to explore perceived stress and the emotional responses of children and adolescents as well as adults with and without mhc during the social restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS The survey gathered information about 284 children and adolescent (parent-on-child-reports) and 456 adults (including 284 parents, self-reports). The participants were allocated to four groups: children and adolescents with mhc, children and adolescent without mhc, adults with mhc and adults without mhc. The survey included general questions about socio-demographic characteristics and mental health status, the CoRonavIruSHealth Impact Survey and the Perceived Stress Scale (only data on adults). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for comparing the emotional responses during the Covid-19 pandemic with emotions before the Covid-19 pandemic. Independent sample t-test were used to compare the level of perceived stress between the adult groups, linear regression analyses were conducted to examine which variables predicted perceived stress during the Covid-19 restrictions. RESULTS An increase to the worse during the Covid-19 restrictions was observed for most emotions and worries in all four groups (children and adolescents with mhc, children and adolescents without mhc, adults with mhc, adults without mhc). Contrary to our expectations, a greater number of emotions worsened significantly for children and adolescents as well as adults without mhc as compared to those with mhc. We found higher perceived stress in parents as compared to adults without children in the same household and in adults with mhc as compared to those without mhc. DISCUSSION Covid-19-related social restrictions and potential health risks seem to affect emotions and perceived stress in children, adolescents and adults. Especially, Covid-19 seems to be have worsened the mental well-being of children and adolescent and their families, who were mentally healthy before the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Rothe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Buse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Larsen JK, Bode L. Obesogenic Programming Effects during Lactation: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Model Focusing on Underlying Mechanisms and Promising Future Research Avenues. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020299. [PMID: 33494303 PMCID: PMC7911998 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have consistently demonstrated that maternal obesity and a high-fat diet during lactation enhances obesity risk in the offspring. However, less is known about these potential obesogenic programming effects in obese humans. We propose three important pathways that may explain obesogenic programming effects of human breastmilk. First, human milk components and hormones may directly affect child eating and satiety characteristics. Second, human milk constituents can affect child microbiota that, in turn, may influence child eating and weight outcomes. Third, human milk composition may affect child eating and weight outcomes through flavor exposure. We reviewed a few very recent findings from well-powered longitudinal or experimental human research with regard to these three pathways. Moreover, we provide a research agenda for future intervention research with the overarching aim to prevent excessive pediatric weight gain during lactation and beyond. The ideas presented in this paper may represent important “black box” constructs that explain obesogenic programming effects during lactation. It should be noted, however, that given the scarcity of studies, findings should be seen as working hypotheses to further test in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junilla K. Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist-Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, CA 92101, USA;
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Obesity and Hair Cortisol: Relationships Varied Between Low-Income Preschoolers and Mothers. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:1495-1504. [PMID: 32989566 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Literature on the relationship between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and body mass index (BMI) is scarce and inconsistent in both preschoolers and parents. Thus, the study aimed to examine the relationships among HCC, perceived distress, coping, and BMI among low-income Head Start preschoolers and mothers. METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted with a non-random sample of 35 mother-preschooler dyads. Height and weight were measured using a ShorrBoard Stadiometer and a Seca portable electronic scale, respectively. HCC was extracted using the enzyme immunoassay approach. Mothers' perceived distress and coping were assessed by Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS Mothers' mean age was 29.74 years, and preschoolers' mean age was 4.69 years. The sample included 17% Hispanic, 54% Black, and 60% single mothers; and 23% Hispanic and 60% Black preschoolers. Compared to mothers in low HCC group (< 4.1 pg/mg), mothers in high HCC group (≥ 4.1 pg/mg) had lower BMI (B = - 4.62, p = .049). The indirect effects of mothers' HCC on BMI via perceived distress and coping was 15% of the total effects. Preschoolers with mothers in high HCC group had significantly lower BMI z-score than those with mothers in low HCC group (B = - 0.94, p = .043). Preschoolers' HCC had a small positive correlation with their BMI z-score (B = 0.01, p = .112). CONCLUSIONS Relationships between HCC and BMI varied between low-income mothers and preschoolers. A stress management component may need to be integrated into future obesity interventions. Given the limitation of small sample size and cross-sectional study design, the findings need to be interpreted with caution, and further investigation is warranted.
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28
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Russell CG, Russell A. "Food" and "non-food" self-regulation in childhood: a review and reciprocal analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 32151265 PMCID: PMC7063723 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developmental science, there is an extensive literature on non-food related self-regulation in childhood, where several domains relating to emotions, actions and cognitions have been identified. There is now growing attention to food related self-regulation in childhood, especially difficulties with ASR, and the consequences for weight gain and adiposity. The aim of this narrative review was to conduct a reciprocal analysis of self-regulation in the food and non-food domains in childhood (referred to as appetite self-regulation (ASR) and general self-regulation (GSR) respectively). The focus was on commonalities and differences in key concepts and underpinning processes. METHODS Databases and major journals were searched using terms such as self-regulation, appetite self-regulation, or self-regulation of energy intake, together with associated constructs (e.g., Executive Function, Effortful Control, delay-of-gratification). This was followed by backward and forward snowballing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The scholarship on GSR in childhood has had a focus on the role of the cognitively-oriented Executive Function (EF), the temperamentally-based Effortful Control (EC) and the recursive interplay between bottom-up (reactive, emotion driven, approach or avoidance) and top-down (cognitive, conscious decision-making) processes. "Hot" and "cool/cold" EF and self-regulation situations have been distinguished. There were some parallels between GSR and ASR in these areas, but uncertainty about the contribution of EF and EC to ASR in young children. Possible differences between the contribution to ASR-related outcomes of delay-of-gratification in food and non-food tasks were apparent. Unique elements of ASR were identified; associated with psychological, biological and neurological responses to food and bottom-up processes. A diverse number of situations or elements connected to ASR exist: for example, energy balance homeostasis, caloric compensation, hunger regulation, satiation, satiety, energy density of food, eating in the absence of hunger, emotional eating, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Self-regulation in food and non-food domains are amenable to a reciprocal analysis. We argue that self-regulation of appetite should be added as a domain under the umbrella of self-regulation in childhood along with the other non-food related domains. This could lead to a broader understanding of self-regulation in childhood, and generate novel lines of enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Russell
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alan Russell
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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