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Corte-Real A, Ribeiro R, Machado R, Silva AM, Nunes T. Digital intraoral and radiologic records in forensic identification: Match with disruptive technology. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 361:112104. [PMID: 38936201 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
While clinical dentistry has seamlessly integrated the digital revolution, there is a gap in the technological capabilities of forensic dentistry.The study aimed to compare the superimposition accuracy of two different three-dimensional record formats, namely the intraoral scanner and cone beam computer tomography, in the context of forensic identification.The sample consisted of randomly selected adults (n=10) of both sexes aged between 20 and 50 years. Following the acquisition of data using the Medit i700 wireless scanner and the iCAT Tomograph with InVivo software, the records were analysed and compared through superimposition using Medit Scan Clinic software to assess the technical precision of anatomical identification details.The results obtained through the superimposition of dental and bone records following intra- and inter-observer analysis enabled an accurate comparison and identification of an individual. This method can differentiate between positive and negative matches, achieving exclusion results and offering a potential solution to overcoming the absence of a standardisation procedure in human identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corte-Real
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Machado
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Mafalda Silva
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Nunes
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gamil H, Marzouk E, Zaher A. Virtual bracket removal: a comparative assessment of different software packages. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:770. [PMID: 38982396 PMCID: PMC11234721 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High precision intra-oral scans, coupled with advanced software, enable virtual bracket removal (VBR) from digital models. VBR allows the delivery of retainers and clear aligners promptly following debonding, thus reducing the patients' appointments and minimizing the likelihood of tooth movement. The objective of this study was to compare the enamel surface before bonding and after VBR using three different Computer-aided design (CAD) software and to compare their accuracy. METHODS Maxillary scans of 20 participants starting orthodontic treatment were selected for inclusion in the study, who exhibited mild to moderate crowding and required bonding of brackets on the labial surface of permanent maxillary teeth (from the maxillary left first molar to the maxillary right first molar). Two intra-oral scans were conducted on the same day, before bonding and immediately after bonding using CEREC Omnicam (Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany). The virtual removal of the brackets from the post-bonding models was performed using OrthoAnalyzer (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), Meshmixer (Autodesk, San Rafael, Calif, USA), and EasyRx (LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA) software. The models that underwent VBR were superimposed on the pre-bonding models by Medit Link App (Medit, Seoul, South Korea) using surface-based registration. The changes in the enamel surface following VBR using the three software packages were quantified using the Medit Link App. RESULTS There was a significant difference among the 3Shape, Meshmixer, and EasyRx software in tooth surface change following VBR. Specifically, EasyRx exhibited lower levels of accuracy compared to the other two VBR software programs (p<.001, p<.001). A significant difference in enamel surface change was observed between tooth segments across all software groups, in both incisors and molars, with VBR of the molars exhibiting the lowest level of accuracy (3Shape p=.002, Meshmixer p<.001, EasyRx p<.001). Regarding the direction of tooth surface changes following VBR, it was observed that all three groups exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of inadequate bracket removal across all teeth segments. CONCLUSIONS 3Shape and Meshmixer manual VBR software were found to be more accurate than EasyRx automated software, however, the differences were minimal and clinically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Gamil
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, P. O. Box: 21521, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eiman Marzouk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abbas Zaher
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Han MD, Graca S, Miloro M. What is the angular accuracy of regional voxel-based registration for segmental Le Fort I and genioplasty osteotomies? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:571-577. [PMID: 38184402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Among the accuracy analysis techniques for orthognathic surgery, regional voxel-based registration (R-VBR) has robust data, but remains unvalidated for smaller jaw segments. The purpose of this study was to validate the angular accuracy of R-VBR for segmental Le Fort I (SLFI) and genioplasty osteotomies. Postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of consecutive patients with three-piece SLFI or genioplasties was rotated to a known pitch/roll/yaw (P/R/Y). Using R-VBR, a copy of the raw CBCT was superimposed onto the rotated CBCT at four mutual regions of interest (ROI): anterior, right posterior, and left posterior maxilla, and chin. The P/R/Y of each was subtracted from those of the rotated CBCT to calculate the angular error. The predictor and outcome variables were ROI and absolute angular error, respectively. The accuracy threshold was 0.5°. Ten SLFI and 34 genioplasties were analyzed based on the sample size calculation. The one-sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were applied in the analysis. The mean absolute error was 0.20-0.54° for the maxillary segments (all P ≤ 0.01) and 0.83-2.51° for the genioplasty segments (all P < 0.001). R-VBR has variable angular accuracy for SLFI osteotomies and may be insufficient for genioplasty. The findings may allow the design and interpretation of studies on SLFI and genioplasty with greater rigor, thereby contributing to minimizing the discrepancy between planned and achieved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - S Graca
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Miloro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
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Panpitakkul P, Jorns TP, Kongsomboon S, Chaichit R, Sutthiprapaporn P. Three-Dimensional Changes of Condylar Position After Bimaxillary Surgery to Correct Skeletal III Malocclusion: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Voxel-Based Superimposition Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0278-2391(24)00339-2. [PMID: 38889883 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of the condylar position within the first 3 months after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion is crucial for subsequent orthodontic treatment. PURPOSE The purpose was to compare condylar positional changes 3 months after bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III deformities, utilizing the conventional two-dimensional combined with cone beam computed tomography voxel-based superimposition analysis. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE This retrospective cohort study included skeletal Class III patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, in 2020. Exclusion criteria were patients with temporomandibular disorder symptoms, facial asymmetry prior to the surgery, or surgical complications. EXPOSURE VARIABLE The exposure variable was the timing, both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. This 3-month postoperative time point was chosen because complete healing of the bimaxillary surgery is expected by then, without any potential influence of condylar changes resulting from subsequent orthodontic treatment. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES The outcome variables are condylar position measurement, joint space (mm), and axial condylar angle (degrees). COVARIATES Demographics (age, sex) and surgical details (direction and amount of movement) were collected as covariates. ANALYSES Statistical analysis of condylar positional changes and correlations was performed using paired t-test and linear correlation (P value < .05), respectively. RESULTS The sample included 11 subjects (22 condyles), with a mean age of 24 ± 5.24 years. Both two-dimensional measurements and voxel-based three-dimensional superimposition showed significant changes in condylar position 3 months after bimaxillary surgery: inferior (0.45 ± 0.26 mm, P < .001), posterior (0.46 ± 0.39 mm, P = .003), lateral (0.38 ± 0.42 mm, P = .01) displacement, and inward rotation (5.21 ± 2.54°, P < .001). No significant correlation was found between jaw movement distance and condylar changes. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to report measures of condylar changes at 3 months, when complete healing of the osteotomies would be expected, using Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement combined with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular setback. These changes are small in magnitude and may be of little relevance to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjaree Panpitakkul
- Postgraduate Student, Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Teekayu Plangkoon Jorns
- Associate Professor, Division of Oral Biology, Department of Oral Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Kongsomboon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rajda Chaichit
- Assistant Professor, Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pipop Sutthiprapaporn
- Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Wang TH, Chen YF, Chen YA, Yao CF, Xi T, Liao YF, Chen YR. Site and severity of facial asymmetry after bimaxillary surgery for class III deformity: a case-control study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:334. [PMID: 38780816 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed (1) to evaluate the site and severity of facial asymmetry in Class III patients before and after bimaxillary surgery, and (2) to identify the influence of initial severity and positional jaw asymmetry on residual facial asymmetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography of 65 patients with Class III facial asymmetry who underwent bimaxillary surgery were evaluated. Five midline and 14 paramedian facial soft tissue landmarks were identified to assess facial asymmetry. The outcomes were compared to a control group consisting of 30 age- and gender-matched Class I subjects. The postoperative positional jaw asymmetry (i.e., shift, roll, yaw) of each osteotomy segment (maxilla, mandible, chin, ramus) was also measured. RESULTS Before surgery, the asymmetry was more severe at the chin, middle and lower contour. Bimaxillary surgery effectively corrected facial asymmetry, particularly in achieving normalization of chin deviation. However, significant asymmetry persisted postoperatively in the middle and lower contour (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), which was affected by the positional ramus asymmetry in the roll and shift. CONCLUSIONS Deviation of the chin, middle and lower contour contributed significantly to overall facial asymmetry in Class III asymmetry. Despite normalization of the chin deviation after bimaxillary surgery, asymmetry persisted at the middle and lower contour, primarily as the result of insufficient correction of the positional ramus asymmetry. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the residual asymmetry after bimaxillary surgery is important for minimizing deviation and optimizing the surgical planning for its correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dinghu Road, Guishan District, Taoyuen City, 333, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Chen
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-An Chen
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fong Yao
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tong Xi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yu-Fang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dinghu Road, Guishan District, Taoyuen City, 333, Taiwan.
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ray Chen
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Hu X, Cheung GSP, Zhang Y, Sun R, Dong F. Reliability and reproducibility of CBCT assessment of mandibular changes before and after treatment for Class III growing patients - an easy and quick way for evaluation. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:602. [PMID: 38017394 PMCID: PMC10683261 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of a 3-dimensional (3D) assessment method for mandibular changes of growing patients after orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion.Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed before and after orthodontic treatment for 27 patients. During the scan, the patient was positioned such that his/her mandibular plane was parallel to floor. Three observers independently worked on the DICOM data, reconstructed the pre- and post-treatment 3D models in software, selected the stable anatomical structures (basal bone area from the lingual surface of the symphysis to the distal aspect of the first molars) to guide the automated superimposition process. Then, each observer registered 14 anatomical landmarks on the virtual models, for three times after suitable interval, to generate 3 sets of coordinates; the mean was taken as the coordinates for that particular landmark. The intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of the method were analyzed.Results The ICCs was > 0.90 for 25 (92.6%) of the intraobserver assessments. The precision of the measurement method was < 0.3 mm in 24 (88.9%) cases. The interobserver reproducibility errors were < 0.3 mm in 21 of the 27 cases.Conclusions The intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of 3D assessment of mandibular changes using the virtual models were excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYing Hu
- Department of Dental Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Gary Shun Pan Cheung
- Department of Dental Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - YiYang Zhang
- Stomatology Student, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - RuoNan Sun
- Dentistry Department, Shijiazhuang City Second Hospital, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - FuSheng Dong
- College of Stomatology, Key Laboratory, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China.
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Ghamri M, Dritsas K, Probst J, Jäggi M, Psomiadis S, Schulze R, Verna C, Katsaros C, Halazonetis D, Gkantidis N. Accuracy of facial skeletal surfaces segmented from CT and CBCT radiographs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21002. [PMID: 38017262 PMCID: PMC10684569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial skeletal surface models derived from radiographic volumes has not been extensively investigated yet. For this, ten human dry skulls were scanned with two Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) units, a CT unit, and a highly accurate optical surface scanner that provided the true reference models. Water-filled head shells were used for soft tissue simulation during radiographic imaging. The 3D surface models that were repeatedly segmented from the radiographic volumes through a single-threshold approach were used for reproducibility testing. Additionally, they were compared to the true reference model for trueness measurement. Comparisons were performed through 3D surface approximation techniques, using an iterative closest point algorithm. Differences between surface models were assessed through the calculation of mean absolute distances (MAD) between corresponding surfaces and through visual inspection of facial surface colour-coded distance maps. There was very high reproducibility (approximately 0.07 mm) and trueness (0.12 mm on average, with deviations extending locally to 0.5 mm), and no difference between radiographic scanners or settings. The present findings establish the validity of lower radiation CBCT imaging protocols at a similar level to the conventional CT images, when 3D surface models are required for the assessment of facial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Jeddah Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Dritsas
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Probst
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurus Jäggi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Symeon Psomiadis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ralf Schulze
- Division of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlalberta Verna
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB-University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Li L, Chen Y, Wang J, Luo N, Wu Y, Dai H, Zhou J. Long-term morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone in adolescents and adults after space closure: A retrospective study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:618-631. [PMID: 36975738 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone of both the maxilla and mandible after space closure and retention for 18-36 mo in adults and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two subjects with 4 first premolars extracted followed by retracting anterior teeth were included and divided into two age groups: adult group (4 males, 17 females, mean age: 23.67 ± 5.29 y, treatment duration: 27.95 mo, retention duration: 26.96 mo, ANB: 4.8 ± 2.1, U1-L1: 117.2 ± 9.2, U1-PP: 120.2 ± 7.2, L1-MP: 99.2 ± 5.3) and adolescent group (6 males, 15 females, mean age: 11.52 ± 1.21 y, treatment duration: 26.18 mo, retention duration: 25.79 mo, ANB: 5.2 ± 2.1, U1-L1: 116.0 ± 8.6, U1-PP: 119.8 ± 4.9, L1-MP: 99.7 ± 4.9). Alveolar bone height and thickness of anterior teeth in both groups were measured using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging performed at the pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2) and retention phases (T3). One-way repeated-measure ANOVAs were performed to evaluate the alveolar bone changes. Voxel-based superimpositions were performed to measure the amount of tooth movement. RESULTS After orthodontic treatment, the lingual bone height and thickness of both arches and the labial bone height of the mandible decreased significantly in both age groups (P < .05). Most of the labial bone height and thickness of the maxilla in both groups remained unchanged (P > .05). After retention, the lingual bone height and thickness increased significantly in both age groups (P < .05). The amounts of increased height ranged from 1.08 to 1.64 mm in adults and from 0.78 to 1.21 mm in adolescents, and the amounts of increased thickness ranged from 0.23 mm to 0.62 mm in adults and from 0.16 mm to 0.36 mm in adolescents. Obvious movements of the anterior teeth during retention were not found (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Although lingual alveolar bone loss occurred in adolescents and adults during orthodontic treatment, continuous remodelling occurred in the later retention phase, which provides a reference for clinical treatment planning of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanxi Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxi Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingping Zhou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Ravelo V, Olate G, Unibazo A, de Moraes M, Olate S. Retrospective Analysis of the Airway Space Changes in Dentofacial Deformity after Two-Jaw Orthognathic Surgery Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1256. [PMID: 37623506 PMCID: PMC10455173 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthognathic surgery is used to modify anomalies in maxillomandibular position; this process can significantly affect the anatomy of the airway and cause functional changes. This study aims to define the impact of mandibular maxillary movement on the airway of subjects with dentofacial deformity. A retrospective study was conducted on subjects with Angle class II (CII group) and Angle class III (CIII group) dentofacial deformities. The subjects were treated via bimaxillary surgery; for all of them, planning was performed with software and 3D printing. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was obtained 21 days before surgery and 6 months after surgery and was used for planning and follow-up with the same conditions and equipment. Was used the superimposition technique to obtain the maximum and minimum airway areas and total airway volume. The data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and Student's t-test, while Spearman's test was used to correlate the variables, considering a value of p < 0.05. Thus, 76 subjects aged 18 to 55 years (32.38 ± 10.91) were included: 46 subjects were in CII group, treated with a maxillo-mandibular advancement, and 30 subjects were in the CIII group, treated with a maxillary advancement and a mandibular setback. In the CII group, a maxillary advancement of +2.45 mm (±0.88) and a mandibular advancement of +4.25 mm (±1.25) were observed, with a significant increase in all the airway records. In the CIII group, a maxillary advancement of +3.42 mm (±1.25) and a mandibular setback of -3.62 mm (±1.18) were noted, with no significant changes in the variables measured for the airway (p > 0.05). It may be concluded that maxillo-mandibular advancement is an effective procedure to augment the airway area and volume in the CII group. On the other hand, in subjects with mandibular prognathism and Angle class III operated with the maxillary advancement and mandibular setback lower than 4 mm, it is possible to not reduce the areas and volume in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Ravelo
- Grupo de Investigación de Pregrado en Odontología (GIPO), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Gabriela Olate
- Center for Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Alejandro Unibazo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AGP Hospital, Lautaro 4860133, Chile
| | - Márcio de Moraes
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Olate
- Center for Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AGP Hospital, Lautaro 4860133, Chile
- Division of Oral, Facial and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Romero-Tapiero N, Giraldo-Mejía A, Herrera-Rubio A, Aristizábal-Pérez JF. Concordance and reproducibility in the location of reference points for a volumetric craniofacial analysis: Cross-sectional study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2023; 17:87-95. [PMID: 37649819 PMCID: PMC10462468 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.37025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the limitations of visualization that occur even with the use of radiographs, the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) becomes more attractive to diagnose and propose an assertive treatment plan. This study aimed to evaluate intra and interobserver reproducibility, and concordance of 31 reference points we described considering visualization tools and the three planes of space in a bimaxillary CBCT. Methods Three observers located in triplicate the 31 reference points in the CBCT of six healthy patients. Friedman test was used to compare intraobserver paired samples, and interobserver concordance was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with ranges>0.75 (excellent), between 0.60 and 0.74 (good), between 0.40 and 0.59 (sufficient) and<0.40 (poor). The P value was set at<0.05. Results A high ICC (>0.75%) was obtained by comparing the x, y, and z values at the location of landmark points. Excellent ICC>0.75 was for 81.7% and poor<0.40 was 7.5% in the interobserver evaluation. Data showed that 25 points had excellent concordance on the x-plane, 25 on the y-plane, and 26 on the z-plane (0.75%). Conclusion Intraobserver concordance analysis indicated that location of anatomical reference points on bimaxillary CBCT is performed with great reproducibility by interpreting their location with a clear description in the three planes of space. Complexity of achieving a good precision degree in the manual marking of reference points caused by convexities of the anatomical structures involved, might explain the variability found. The systematized location of the reference points would contribute to reduce such variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Romero-Tapiero
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Giraldo-Mejía
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana Herrera-Rubio
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Hong YY, Zhou MQ, Cai CY, Han J, Ning N, Kang T, Chen XP. Efficacy of upper-incisor torque control with clear aligners: a retrospective study using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3863-3873. [PMID: 37036513 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this retrospective clinical study were to evaluate the efficacy of clear aligners on upper-incisor torque control, with the expectation of providing guidance for clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 47 patients with a nonextraction treatment using clear aligners were obtained and 120 upper-incisors with torque ≥5° were selected. Voxel-based superimpositions were performed using Dolphin imaging software and achieved movements were then measured. Difference between achieved and predicted movement (DAPM) and the efficiency for upper-incisor torque were used to evaluate the torque control efficacy. RESULTS The achieved torque movement with clear aligners was lower than predicted significantly, as the mean efficiency was 46.81±33.95%. Additionally, the achieved incisor movement of the crown and root differed significantly from the predicted movement, especially root movement. CONCLUSIONS Clear aligners struggle to control upper-incisor torque, particularly root movement. In that case, overcorrection is necessary to prevent torque loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clear aligners remain a limitation on torque control and overcorrection should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ya Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, No. 166, Qiutao North Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, No. 166, Qiutao North Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao-Ying Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, No. 166, Qiutao North Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Dentistry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Ning
- MeiQi Technology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, No. 166, Qiutao North Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xue-Peng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, No. 166, Qiutao North Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Trevisiol L, Bersani M, Martinez Garza A, Alvarado E, Arnett GW, D'Agostino A. Accuracy of virtual surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with mandible first sequence: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2023:S1010-5182(23)00093-8. [PMID: 37355372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify treatment accuracy using virtual surgical planning (VSP) with a mandible-first sequence and strict surgical protocol to determine what surgical and methodological factors might influence outcomes. VSP transfer accuracy was evaluated retrospectively through a modified method involving voxel-based superimposition in patients who had undergone bimaxillary surgery with a mandible-first sequence to correct dentoskeletal deformities. Data analysis showed that the movements planned and those executed were substantially equivalent (p < 0.01), with the exception of mandibular and maxillary sagittal movements that were 0.72 ± 0.90 mm and 1.41 ± 1.04 mm smaller, respectively, than planned. This study showed that a mandible-first sequence is accurate for transferring virtual surgical planning intraoperatively. There are several factors involved in the proper transfer of virtual planning beyond the software, such as surgical technique and sequencing. Inaccurate sagittal movements and maxillary repositioning seem to depend mainly on surgical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Trevisiol
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bersani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Antonio D'Agostino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Wang Z, Shi Y, Wang Y, Chen W, Jiang H, Cheng J. Three-dimensional quantitative changes of condyle in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with 5-year follow-up. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05032-z. [PMID: 37145152 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to characterize three-dimensional (3D) long-term quantitative condyle change including positional, surface, and volumetric alterations in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion treated with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-three eligible patients (9 males, 14 females, mean age: 28.28 years old) treated from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2016 with postoperative follow-up over 5 years were retrospectively enrolled. Cone-beam computed tomography scan for each patient was conducted at 4 stages: 1 week preoperatively (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), 12 months postoperatively (T2), and 5-year postoperatively (T3). Positional changes, surface, and volumetric remodeling of condyle were measured in segmented visual 3D models and statistically compared between stages. RESULTS Our 3D quantitative calibrations revealed that the condylar center shifted in anterior (0.23 ± 1.50 mm), medial (0.34 ± 0.99), and superior (1.11 ± 1.10 mm) directions and rotated outward (1.58 ± 3.11°), superior (1.83 ± 5.08°), and backward (4.79 ± 13.75°) from T1 to T3. With regard to condylar surface remodeling, bone formation was frequently observed in the anteromedial areas, while bone resorption was commonly detected in the anterolateral area. Moreover, condylar volume remained largely stable with a minimal reduction during the follow-up. CONCLUSION Collectively, although condyle undergoes positional changes and bone remodeling after bimaxillary surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism, these changes largely fall in the range of physical adaptations in the long run. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings advance the current understanding of long-term condylar remodeling after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, He Fei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Kim M, Chung M, Shin YG, Kim B. Automatic registration of dental CT and 3D scanned model using deep split jaw and surface curvature. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 233:107467. [PMID: 36921464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the medical field, various image registration applications have been studied. In dentistry, the registration of computed tomography (CT) volume data and 3D optically scanned models is essential for various clinical applications, including orthognathic surgery, implant surgical planning, and augmented reality. Our purpose was to present a fully automatic registration method of dental CT data and 3D scanned models. METHODS We use a 2D convolutional neural network to regress a curve splitting the maxilla (i.e., upper jaw) and mandible (i.e., lower jaw) and the points specifying the front and back ends of the crown from the CT data. Using this regressed information, we extract the point cloud and vertices corresponding to the tooth crown from the CT and scanned data, respectively. We introduce a novel metric, called curvature variance of neighbor (CVN), to discriminate between highly fluctuating and smoothly varying regions of the tooth crown. The registration based on CVN enables more accurate fine registration while reducing the effects of metal artifacts. Moreover, the proposed method does not require any preprocessing such as extracting the iso-surface for the tooth crown from the CT data, thereby significantly reducing the computation time. RESULTS We evaluated the proposed method with the comparison to several promising registration techniques. Our experimental results using three datasets demonstrated that the proposed method exhibited higher registration accuracy (i.e., 2.85, 1.92, and 7.73 times smaller distance errors for individual datasets) and smaller computation time (i.e., 4.12 times faster registration) than one of the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the proposed method worked considerably well for partially scanned data, whereas other methods suffered from the unbalancing of information between the CT and scanned data. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method was able to perform fully automatic and highly accurate registration of dental CT data and 3D scanned models, even with severe metal artifacts. In addition, it could achieve fast registration because it did not require any preprocessing for iso-surface reconstruction from the CT data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchang Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Chung
- School of Software, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Gil Shin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyoung Kim
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81 Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea.
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Yoo HJ, Hartsfield JK, Mian AS, Allan BP, Naoum S, Lee RJH, Goonewardene MS. Accuracy of mandibular repositioning surgery using new technology: Computer-aided design and manufacturing customized surgical cutting guides and fixation plates. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 163:357-367.e3. [PMID: 36503861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent 3-dimensional technology advancements have resulted in new techniques to improve the accuracy of intraoperative transfer. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) customized surgical cutting guides and fixation plates on mandibular repositioning surgery performed in isolation or combined with simultaneous maxillary repositioning surgery. METHODS Sixty patients who underwent mandibular advancement surgery by the same surgeon were retrospectively evaluated by 3-dimensional surface-based superimposition. A 3-point coordinate system (x, y, z) was used to identify the linear and angular discrepancies between the planned movements and actual outcomes. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the outcomes between the mandible-only and the bimaxillary surgery groups with significance at P <0.05. Pearson correlation coefficient compared planned mandible advancement to the outcome from advancement planned. The centroid, which represents the mandible as a single unit, was computed from 3 landmarks, and the discrepancies were evaluated by the root mean square error (RMSE) for clinical significance set at 2 mm for linear discrepancies and 4° for angular discrepancies. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the planned and actual position of the mandible in either group when considering absolute values of the differences. When considering raw directional data, a statistically significant difference was identified in the y-axis suggesting a tendency for under-advancement of the mandible in the bimaxillary group. The largest translational RMSE for the centroid was 0.77 mm in the sagittal dimension for the bimaxillary surgery group. The largest rotational RMSE for the centroid was 1.25° in the transverse dimension for the bimaxillary surgery group. Our results show that the precision and clinical feasibility of CAD-CAM customized surgical cutting guides and fixation plates on mandibular repositioning surgery is well within clinically acceptable parameters. CONCLUSION Mandibular repositioning surgery can be performed predictably and accurately with the aid of CAD-CAM customized surgical cutting guides and fixation plates with or without maxillary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin Yoo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James K Hartsfield
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Division of Oral Development and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ajmal S Mian
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brent P Allan
- Private practice, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Orthodontics, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven Naoum
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard J H Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mithran S Goonewardene
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
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Lui K, Liu H, Wang H, Yang X, Huang D, Zhou X, Gao Y, Shen Y. An application framework of 3D assessment image registration accuracy and untouched surface area in canal instrumentation laboratory research with micro-computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:715-725. [PMID: 36482105 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop a customized framework for evaluating the registration accuracy of four registration techniques and measuring the untouched surface area of canal instrumentation by visually inspecting and calculating the overlapping area of the surfaces. METHODS Twenty-one mandibular incisors were scanned by micro-computed tomography before and after instrumentation. Elastix registration, surface registration, manual registration, and DataViewer registration techniques were used to align the pre- and post-operative datasets. The customized MeVisLab framework was created to investigate the registration accuracy by visual inspection and calculating overlapping areas. The canal surfaces were imported into the same framework to measure the untouched surface area and the consistence test was validated. The correlation between registration accuracy and untouched surface area was analyzed. RESULTS There is a statistically significant difference between manual registration and automatic registration (P < 0.05). There is no statistical difference between the two untouched surface measure methods (P > 0.05). The partial correlation coefficients for the untouched surface area and registration accuracy were 0.45 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This application framework based on free customizable software, allows a new method to measure registration accuracy and untouched surface area in an efficient and sensitive way. The application of a precise registration method would improve the quality of micro-CT canal instrumentation studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study developed a customized framework based on free software for evaluating the registration accuracy of different registration techniques and measuring the untouched surface area of canal instrumentation could help researchers to improve the quality of micro-CT studies of canal instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayi Lui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section of RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section of RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section of RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section of RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section of RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section of RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Three-Dimensional Accuracy and Stability of Personalized Implants in Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010125. [PMID: 36675786 PMCID: PMC9867342 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to determine the accuracy/stability of patient-specific osteosynthesis (PSI) in orthognathic surgery according to three-dimensional (3D) outcome analysis and in comparison to conventional osteosynthesis and computer-aided designed and manufactured (CAD/CAM) splints or wafers. The PRISMA guidelines were followed and six academic databases and Google Scholar were searched. Records reporting 3D accuracy/stability measurements of bony segments fixated with PSI were included. Of 485 initial records, 21 met the eligibility (566 subjects), nine of which also qualified for a meta-analysis (164 subjects). Six studies had a high risk of bias (29%), and the rest were of low or moderate risk. Procedures comprised either single-piece or segmental Le Fort I and/or mandibular osteotomy and/or genioplasty. A stratified meta-analysis including 115 subjects with single-piece Le Fort I PSI showed that the largest absolute mean deviations were 0.5 mm antero-posteriorly and 0.65° in pitch. PSIs were up to 0.85 mm and 2.35° more accurate than conventional osteosynthesis with CAD/CAM splint or wafer (p < 0.0001). However, the clinical relevance of the improved accuracy has not been shown. The literature on PSI for multi-piece Le Fort I, mandibular osteotomies and genioplasty procedure is characterized by high methodological heterogeneity and a lack of randomized controlled trials. The literature is lacking on the 3D stability of bony segments fixated with PSI.
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Sheeran S, Hartsfield J, Omami G, Bazina M. Comparison of two 3-dimensional user-friendly voxel-based maxillary and 2-dimensional superimposition methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 163:117-125. [PMID: 36549828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cephalometric superimpositions have many uses in orthodontics, including growth evaluation and outcome assessment. However, 2-dimensional (2D) cephalograms can be distorted and yield incomplete 2D data. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging provides a 3-dimensional (3D), undistorted, and more complete patient analysis. CBCT imaging provides many unique advantages to the orthodontic practice and can influence how treatment outcomes are assessed. This study aimed to investigate the validity of 3D maxillary voxel-based superimpositions compared with the 2D method recommended by the American Board of Orthodontists. METHODS This retrospective study included pretreatment and posttreatment CBCT images of 30 adolescent patients. The images were superimposed using the 3D voxel-based tools in Dolphin Imaging software (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif). Two different 3D anatomic registration areas (3DA-3DB) were tested for the validity and reproducibility of the 3D maxillary superimpositions as compared with the 2D method. Linear and angular measurements were used to evaluate the dental changes of the maxillary right central incisor and first molar. Data distribution was normal by the Shapiro-Wilk W test. A mixed model analysis of variance test was done to compare the 3 superimposition types within each subject, followed by pairwise Tukey-Kramer comparisons when indicated. RESULTS After applying the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to control the false discovery rate at 0.05 with multiple testing, the U1 vertical difference was statistically significant (P <0.0001) for the superimposition method, though the mean differences were clinically nonsignificant (0.52 mm, 0.76 mm). The U1 angular and U6 vertical differences were not statistically significant for the superimposition method (P = 0.3636 and P = 0.1863, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The 3D voxel-based maxillary superimpositions showed similar results to conventional 2D superimpositions recommended by the American Board of Orthodontists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Sheeran
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
| | - James Hartsfield
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
| | - Galal Omami
- Division of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
| | - Mohamed Bazina
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.
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Treatment of class II malocclusion with Invisalign®: A pilot study using digital model-integrated maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:353-366. [PMID: 36643222 PMCID: PMC9831838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The treatment effects of Invisalign® are still obscure due to methodological limitations of previous studies. We introduced a method to comprehensively evaluate the dental and skeletal changes of Class II malocclusion treated non-extraction with Invisalign® and compare with the virtual simulation of ClinCheck® using digital models integrated into maxillofacial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods The pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) scanned digital images of actual dentitions were integrated into maxillofacial CBCT images. To evaluate three-dimensional movement of maxillary teeth and change of mandible position, T1 and T2 digital model-integrated maxillofacial CBCT images were superimposed using voxel-based registrations of stable cranial base structures. To evaluate movement of mandibular teeth, model-integrated mandibular CBCT superimposition was registered on mandibular basal bone. To compare achieved and predicted tooth movements, the actual dental images and the virtual digital models created by ClinCheck® were registered on the T1 dentitions. Results For simulated upper first molar (U6) distalization of more than 1 mm, treatment accuracy ranged from 31.1% to 40.1%, which was significantly less than virtual planning and previous reports. In unilateral Class II subjects, the amount of U6 distalization on the Class II side was not significantly different from contralateral side, indicating efficacy of sequential distalization was questionable. Those with favorable overjet correction showed evidence of condylar distraction. Conclusion Digital model-integrated CBCT superimpositions reflected the actual treatment changes in comparison with the virtual simulation, and showed that ideal occlusion was not achieved in mild to moderate Class II adult patients treated non-extraction with Invisalign®.
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A Novel Method to Combine Maxilla-Based Coordinate System and Mandibular Voxel-Based Superimposition with Cone-Bean Computed Tomography. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175229. [PMID: 36079159 PMCID: PMC9456660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to propose a method that combines a maxilla-based coordinate system and mandibular voxel-based superimposition for an accurate evaluation of mandibular structural and positional changes and a direct comparison between maxillary and mandibular structural changes with the same 3D vectors. Methods: Mandibular voxel-based superimposition was firstly performed to reorient the mandibles and eliminate the mandibular positional changes. Then, a maxilla-based coordinate system was constructed with four maxillary skeletal landmarks (ANS, PNS, OrL and OrR). After settling the reoriented mandibles into this coordinate system, the mandibular structural changes were accurately evaluated. To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of this method, CBCT images of a skull specimen before and after orthodontic treatment (which was simulated by rearranging the skull and the mandible) were collected. Five mandibular skeletal landmarks, three mandibular dental landmarks and two mandibular measurement planes of this skull were used to evaluate the linear and angular changes in the mandibular structures. Results: There were significant differences in the linear and angular measurements of the mandibular structures of the skull (p ˂ 0.05), which indicated mandibular positional changes after orthodontic treatment. After mandibular voxel-based superimposition, there were no significant differences in the linear and angular measurements of mandibular structures, which indicated that the mandibular positional changes were eliminated. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of the inter- and intra-observer agreement of all measurements was 0.99. Conclusions: This method has proven advantages in terms of accuracy, reproducibility and validity; with this method, mandibular structural and positional changes can be accurately evaluated and maxillary and mandibular structural changes can be directly compared with same 3D vectors.
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Park YS, Choi JH, Kim Y, Choi SH, Lee JH, Kim KH, Chung CJ. Deep Learning-Based Prediction of the 3D Postorthodontic Facial Changes. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1372-1379. [PMID: 35774018 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase of the adult orthodontic population, there is a need for an accurate and evidence-based prediction of the posttreatment face in 3 dimensions (3D). The objectives of this study are 1) to develop a 3D postorthodontic face prediction method based on a deep learning network using the patient-specific factors and orthodontic treatment conditions and 2) to validate the accuracy and clinical usability of the proposed method. Paired sets (n = 268) of pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of adult patients were trained with a conditional generative adversarial network to generate 3D posttreatment facial data based on the patient's gender, age, and the changes of upper (ΔU1) and lower incisor position (ΔL1) as input. The accuracy was calculated with prediction error and mean absolute distances between real T2 (T2) and predicted T2 (PT2) near 6 perioral landmark regions, as well as percentage of prediction error less than 2 mm using test sets (n = 44). For qualitative evaluation, an online survey was conducted with experienced orthodontists as panels (n = 56). Overall, PT2 indicated similar 3D changes to the T2 face, with the most apparent changes simulated in the perioral regions. The mean prediction error was 1.2 ± 1.01 mm with 80.8% accuracy. More than 50% of the experienced orthodontists were unable to distinguish between real and predicted images. In this study, we proposed a valid 3D postorthodontic face prediction method by applying a deep learning algorithm trained with CBCT data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Park
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Smile Future Orthodontics, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Imagoworks Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C J Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kanavakis G, Ghamri M, Gkantidis N. Novel Anterior Cranial Base Area for Voxel-Based Superimposition of Craniofacial CBCTs. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123536. [PMID: 35743607 PMCID: PMC9225157 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A standard method to assess changes in craniofacial morphology over time is through the superimposition of serial patient images. This study evaluated the reliability of a novel anterior cranial base reference area, principally including stable midline structures (EMACB) after an early age, and compared it to the total anterior cranial base (TACB) and an area including only midline structures (MACB). Fifteen pairs of pre-existing serial CBCT images acquired from growing patients were superimposed with all techniques by applying a best-fit registration algorithm of corresponding voxel intensities (Dolphin 3D software). The research outcomes were the reproducibility of each technique and the agreement between them in skeletal change detection, as well as their validity. The TACB and EMACB methods were valid, since the superimposed midline ACB structures consistently showed adequate overlap. They also presented perfect overall reproducibility (median error < 0.01 mm) and agreement (median difference < 0.01 mm). MACB showed reduced validity, higher errors, and a moderate agreement to the TACB. Thus, the EMACB method performed efficiently and mainly included the stable midline ACB structures during growth. Based on the technical, anatomical, and biological principles applied when superimposing serial 3D data to assess craniofacial changes, we recommend the EMACB method as the method of choice to fulfil this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB-University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-031-632-098
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Wang J, Luo Y, Qu Y, Man Y. Horizontal ridge augmentation in the anterior maxilla with in situ onlay bone grafting: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5893-5908. [PMID: 35583662 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to introduce a digitally guided in situ autogenous onlay grafting technique and compare its effectiveness with the conventional (ex situ) onlay technique in augmenting horizontal bone defects of the anterior maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 24 patients who had received autogenous onlay bone grafts combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the anterior maxilla. Fourteen patients were recruited into the in situ onlay grafting group (EG), and 10 were recruited into the ex situ onlay group (CG), defined by the donor sites. The clinical parameters, radiographic changes, micro-CT, and histological processes were evaluated after a mean follow-up period of 1.7 years. RESULTS The horizontal bone width reflected significant bone modeling over time (p < 0.001) in the first 6 months. Multivariable analysis showed that the treatment modality (grouping) was a critical factor positively associated with vertical bone height alteration. However, neither the alteration rate of horizontal bone width nor the bone volume was associated with the treatment modality. The number of periosteal screws per graft positively affected horizontal contour maintenance (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups in the clinical parameters (complications, success rate, and peri-implant parameters). The micro-CT and histological outcomes were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations of this study, in situ onlay grafting combined with GBR was an effective and reliable approach for horizontal bone augmentation in the anterior maxilla and appeared to demonstrate better stability in vertical bone remodeling. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study introduces a modified and minimally invasive technique of onlay grafting for horizontal bone augmentation. This in situ onlay grafting demonstrates superior stability in vertical bone remodeling. The trial registration number is ChiCTR2100054683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yili Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Ajmera DH, Hsung RTC, Singh P, Wong NSM, Yeung AWK, Lam WYH, Khambay BS, Leung YY, Gu M. Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry in Class III subjects. Part 1: a retrospective study evaluating postsurgical outcomes. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4947-4966. [PMID: 35320382 PMCID: PMC9276556 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine the site and severity of maxillomandibular asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery in asymmetric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Presurgery and postsurgery cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 21 facial asymmetry patients (7 males and 14 females, mean age: 23.0 ± 3.36 years) with soft tissue chin deviation ≥ 3 mm who had undergone bimaxillary surgery were evaluated. Seven midline and twenty bilateral hard tissue landmarks were identified for the evaluation of facial asymmetry and outcomes were assessed against age- and gender-matched control subjects. RESULTS In the asymmetry group, bilateral landmarks exhibited significant deviation in the mandible and midface regions. Before surgery, asymmetry was more severe at the mandibular midline and sites close to it, in the asymmetry group. Bimaxillary surgery proved to be highly effective, with a significant correction of the menton to a clinically normal value (2.90 mm, p < 0.001). After surgery, significant residual asymmetry was observed at the mental foramen (p = 0.001) in the R-L direction. Moreover, significant asymmetry persisted at the sigmoid notch (p = 0.001) in the S-I direction. CONCLUSIONS Mandibular midline landmarks and chin peripheral regions contribute significantly to overall facial asymmetry characteristics. Despite significant correction after bimaxillary surgery, asymmetry persisted at several sites, thereby requiring secondary correction. Comprehensive 3D presurgical planning is central for asymmetry correction in a single surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study specifies the location of residual asymmetry sites and advocates the correction of those sites during initial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepal Haresh Ajmera
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Tai-Chiu Hsung
- Department of Computer Science, Chu Hai College of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pradeep Singh
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Natalie Sui Miu Wong
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Walter Yu Hang Lam
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Balvinder S Khambay
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Gu
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lee YC, Sohn HB, Park YW, Oh JH. Evaluation of postoperative changes in condylar positions after orthognathic surgery using balanced orthognathic surgery system. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 44:11. [PMID: 35298724 PMCID: PMC8931136 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-022-00341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies on maintaining the condyle in a normal or anatomical position during orthognathic surgery have been conducted to stabilize surgical outcomes and prevent iatrogenic temporomandibular joint complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in condylar positions after orthognathic surgery using virtual surgical planning via the balanced orthognathic surgery (BOS) system. Methods Postoperative changes in condylar position were retrospectively evaluated in 22 condyles of 11 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery using virtual surgical planning via the BOS system. The center point coordinates of the condylar head before and after orthognathic surgery were analyzed using voxel-based registration. Results Changes in the condylar position mainly occurred downward in the y-axis (−1.09 ± 0.62 mm) (P < 0.05). The change in the x-axis (0.02 ± 0.68 mm) and z-axis (0.01 ± 0.48 mm) showed no significant difference between before and after orthognathic surgery. Conclusion These results indicate that the changes in the condylar positions after orthognathic surgery using virtual surgical planning via the BOS system mainly occurred downward in the y-axis, with slight changes in the x- and z-axes. The change in the condylar position after orthognathic surgery using the BOS system is clinically acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Lee
- Bestian Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, 429, Dogok-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06208, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Bum Sohn
- Department of Orthodontics, Eton Dental Clinics, 98, Bangsong-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, 24364, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwondo, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwondo, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Reliability of Anterior Nasal Spine as a Reference Point After LeFort I Surgery Using Three-Dimensional Analysis. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:2104-2108. [PMID: 35261362 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To evaluate the stability of maxilla following orthognathic surgery, it is necessary to consider the positional change of various landmarks according to bone remodeling of the maxilla. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of the anterior nasal spine (ANS) as a reliable landmark after orthognathic surgery. Forty-seven patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were included. Skeletal changes were measured using cone-beam computerized tomography at 3 time points: preoperative (T0), 1-month postoperative (T1), and 12-month postoperative (T2). Linear changes of the 6 landmark points of the maxilla were measured in 3 directions: anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse. The data were analyzed with paired t tests, independent t tests, and multiple regression analysis. At 12-month postoperatively, the ANS showed mean (standard deviation) 1.23 (1.07) mm posterior movement (P = 0.00), while other landmarks did not show positional changes, implying bony resorption of ANS. Multiple regression test showed surgical forward movements of ANS (T1-0) affect the postoperative backward changes (β = -.05, P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the surgical movement and postoperative change of ANS by Pearson correlation test (r = -0.38, P < 0.05). The ANS is not a reliable measurement point in three-dimensional superimposition after orthognathic surgery. Therefore, in studying the stability and positional change pattern after LeFort I surgery, it is not recommended to use ANS as a reference point, as changes can occur in the measurement point itself.
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Diaconu A, Holte MB, Cattaneo PM, Pinholt EM. A semi-automatic approach for longitudinal 3D upper airway analysis using voxel-based registration. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210253. [PMID: 34644181 PMCID: PMC8925868 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To propose and validate a reliable semi-automatic approach for three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the upper airway (UA) based on voxel-based registration (VBR). METHODS Post-operative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 10 orthognathic surgery patients were superimposed to the pre-operative CBCT scans by VBR using the anterior cranial base as reference. Anatomic landmarks were used to automatically cut the UA and calculate volumes and cross-sectional areas (CSA). The 3D analysis was performed by two observers twice, at an interval of two weeks. Intraclass correlations and Bland-Altman plots were used to quantify the measurement error and reliability of the method. The relative Dahlberg error was calculated and compared with a similar method based on landmark re-identification and manual measurements. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability (ICC ≥ 0.995). Bland-Altman plots showed good observer agreement, low bias and no systematic errors. The relative Dahlberg error ranged between 0.51 and 4.30% for volume and 0.24 and 2.90% for CSA. This was lower when compared with a similar, manual method. Voxel-based registration introduced 0.05-1.44% method error. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method was shown to have excellent reliability and high observer agreement. The method is feasible for longitudinal clinical trials on large cohorts due to being semi-automatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Diaconu
- 3D Lab Denmark, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Paolo Maria Cattaneo
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Holte MB, Sæderup H, Pinholt EM. Comparison of surface- and voxel-based registration on the mandibular ramus for long-term three-dimensional assessment of condylar remodelling following orthognathic surgery. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210499. [PMID: 35143288 PMCID: PMC9499205 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to validate and compare the accuracy and reliability of surface- and voxel-based registration on the mandibular rami for long-term three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of condylar remodelling following Orthognathic Surgery. METHODS The mandible was 3D reconstructed from a pair of superimposed pre- and postoperative (two years) cone-beam computerized tomography scans and divided into the condyle, and 21 ramal regions. The accuracy of surface- and voxel-based registration was measured by the absolute mean surface distance of each region after alignment of the pre- and postoperative rami. To evaluate the reliability, mean absolute differences and intra class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated at a 95% confidence interval on volumetric and surface distance measurements of two observers. Paired t-tests were applied to statistically evaluate whether the accuracy and reliability of surface- and voxel-based registration were significantly different (p < 0.05). RESULTS A total of twenty subjects (sixteen female; four male; mean age 27.6 years) with class II malocclusion and maxillomandibular retrognathia, who underwent bimaxillary surgery, were included. Surface-based registration was more accurate and reliable than voxel-based registration on the mandibular ramus two years post-surgery (p < 0.05). The inter observer reliability of using surface-based registration was excellent, ICC range [0.82-1.00]. For voxel-based registration, the inter observer reliability ranged from poor to excellent [0.00-0.98]. The measurement error introduced by applying surface-based registration for assessment of condylar remodelling was considered clinical irrelevant (1.83% and 0.18 mm), while the measurement error introduced by voxel-based registration was considered clinical relevant (5.44% and 0.52 mm). CONCLUSIONS Surface-based registration was proven more accurate and reliable compared to voxel-based registration on the mandibular ramus for long-term 3D assessment of condylar remodelling following Orthognathic Surgery. However, importantly, the performance difference may be caused by an inappropriate reference structure, proposed in the literature, and applied in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boelstoft Holte
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Regional Health Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sæderup
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Else Marie Pinholt
- Department of Regional Health Research & University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Xu W, Tan H, Meng X, Huang Y, Cao L, Zheng L. Improved lip esthetics in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry after isolated mandibular orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 161:e407-e415. [PMID: 34996662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asymmetry of the lips severely affects facial esthetics and is often one of the chief complaints of orthognathic patients, especially those with Class III malocclusion. The objectives of this study were to investigate the changes in lip symmetry in patients with mandibular prognathism and deviation and the relationships between jaw hard tissue and lip soft-tissue changes. METHODS Three-dimensional facial scan and cone-beam computed tomography scan data of 30 orthodontic-orthognathic patients treated with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were combined to conduct the research. Paired-sample t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied to compare the differences in the same variable before and after the orthognathic surgery and the potential correlations between the changes in hard and soft variables. To explore the important hard tissue variables influencing the lip soft-tissue changes, linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Although there was significant upper lip asymmetry presurgery, the upper lip asymmetry was corrected postsurgery. Surgical correction of the mandibular deviation was also accompanied by lengthening of the bilateral philtrum crests. Improvement in lip asymmetry and lengthening of the philtrum crests were primarily related to the transverse correction of the mandible rather than sagittal changes. The corresponding prediction formulas were established. CONCLUSIONS The isolated mandibular bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy surgery can substantially improve the upper and lower lip asymmetry in patients with mandibular prognathism and deviation, but one should be wary of the unesthetic effects associated with lengthening of the philtrum crests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehuan Meng
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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30
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Ghamri M, Kanavakis G, Gkantidis N. Reliability of Different Anterior Cranial Base Reference Areas for Voxel-Based Superimposition. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225429. [PMID: 34830711 PMCID: PMC8622398 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility and compare the outcomes of two 3D voxel-based superimposition techniques for craniofacial CBCT images, using anterior cranial base areas of different extent as references. Fifteen preexisting pairs of serial CBCTs (initial age: 11.7 ± 0.6 years; interval: 1.7 ± 0.4 years) were superimposed on total anterior cranial base (TACB) or middle anterior cranial base (MACB) structures through the Dolphin 3D software. The overlap of the reference structures was assessed visually to indicate reliability. All superimpositions were repeated by the same investigator. Outcomes were compared to assess the agreement between the two methods. Reliability was perfect for the TACB and moderate for the MACB method (p = 0.044). Both areas showed good overall reproducibility, though in individual cases there were notable differences for MACB superimpositions, ranging from −1.84 to 1.64 mm (TACB range: −0.48 to 0.31 mm). The overall agreement in the detected T0/T1 changes was also good, though it was significantly reduced for individual measurements (median < 0.01 mm, IQR: 0.46 mm, range: −2.81 to 0.73 mm). In conclusion, the voxel-based superimposition on TACB was more reliable and showed higher reproducibility than the superimposition on MACB. Thus, the extended anterior cranial base area is recommended for the assessment of craniofacial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB-University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-031-632-0985
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Leonardi R, Ronsivalle V, Lagravere MO, Barbato E, Isola G, Lo Giudice A. Three-dimensional assessment of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and clivus after tooth-borne and bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:822-829. [PMID: 34129666 PMCID: PMC8549551 DOI: 10.2319/013021-86.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess changes in spheno-occipital synchondrosis after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) performed with conventional tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 40 subjects with transverse maxillary deficiency who received TB RME or BB RME. Cone-beam computed tomography images (CBCT) were taken before treatment (T0), and after a 6-month retention period (T1). Three-dimensional surface models of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and basilar part of the occipital bone were generated. The CBCTs taken at T0 and T1 were registered at the anterior cranial fossa via voxel-based superimposition. Quantitative evaluation of Basion displacement was performed with linear measurements and Euclidean distances. The volume of the synchndrosis was also calculated for each time point as well as the Nasion-Sella-Basion angle (N-S-Ba°). All data were statistically analyzed to perform inter-timing and intergroup comparisons. RESULTS In both groups, there was a small increment of the volume of the synchondrosis and of N-S-Ba° (P < .05). Basion showed a posterosuperior pattern of displacement. However, no significant differences (P > .05) were found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Although TB and BB RME seemed to have some effects on the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, differences were very small and clinically negligible.
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Quantitative Asymmetry Assessment between Virtual and Mixed Reality Planning for Orthognathic Surgery—A Retrospective Study. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthognathic surgical planning compromises three clinical needs: occlusal balancing, symmetry, and harmony, which may result in multiple outcomes. Facial symmetry is the ultimate goal for patients and practitioners. Pure virtual planning and mixed reality planning were two innovative technologies in clinical practices compared to conventional model surgery used for decades. We proposed quantitative asymmetry assessment methods in both mandibular contour (in 2D) and a midface and mandible relationship in 3D. A computerized optimal symmetry plane, being the median plane, was applied in both planning methods. In the 3D asymmetry assessment between two planning methods, the deviation angle and deviation distance between midface and mandible were within 2° and 1.5 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference, except the symmetry index of the anterior deviation angle between the virtual and mixed reality planning in the 3D asymmetry assessment. In the mandible contour assessment, there was no significant difference between the virtual and mixed reality planning in asymmetry assessment in the frontal and frontal downward inclined views. Quantitative outcomes in 3D asymmetry indices showed that mixed reality planning was slightly more symmetric than virtual planning, with the opposite in 2D contouring.
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Marsh K, Weissheimer A, Yin K, Chamberlain-Umanoff A, Tong H, Sameshima GT. Three-dimensional assessment of virtual bracket removal for orthodontic retainers: A prospective clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:302-311. [PMID: 34332692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computer-aided design and manufacturing of orthodontic retainers from digitally debonded models can be used to facilitate same-day delivery. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to validate a novel technique for virtual bracket removal (VBR) in-office, comparing the accuracy with 2 orthodontic laboratories that use VBR for retainer fabrication in the digital workflow. METHODS The sample consisted of 40 intraoral scans of 20 patients. Four groups were compared. The scans without brackets were used as a control group. VBR was performed by 3 groups: In-office VBR (Software Meshmixer, version 3.5.474; Autodesk, San Rafael, Calif), Orthodent Laboratory (ODL; Buffalo, NY), and New England Orthodontic Laboratory (NEOLab; Andover, Mass). The virtually debonded models were superimposed onto the control models using surface-based registration. Regional 3-dimensional Euclidean distances between surface points of superimposed models were calculated for comparative analysis of surface changes after VBR using Vector Analysis Module (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) software. RESULTS The accuracy of VBR using the Meshmixer did not differ significantly from the VBR protocols used by the 2 laboratories. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the 2 laboratories, with ODL showing lower accuracy than NEOLab. Although some differences were statistically significant, they were very small and not considered clinically relevant. There was also a statistically significant difference between the 3 tooth segments (incisors, canines/premolars, and first molars), with VBR of the first molars and second premolars showing the least accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The VBR techniques using the in-office Meshmixer, ODL, and NEOLab were considered accurate enough for the clinical use of orthodontic retainers fabricated from printed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Marsh
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Andre Weissheimer
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
| | | | | | - Hongsheng Tong
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Glenn T Sameshima
- Advanced Orthodontic Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
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da Costa Senior O, Vaes L, Mulier D, Jacobs R, Politis C, Shaheen E. Three dimensional assessment of segmented Le Fort I osteotomy planning and follow-up: A validation study. J Dent 2021; 111:103707. [PMID: 34077799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The planning accuracy and stability during follow-up of segmented Le Fort I osteotomy, often evaluated using 2D cephalometry and dental cast analysis, is controversial. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a 3D semi-automatic, voxel-based registration assessment protocol to evaluate planning accuracy and stability of segmented Le Fort I osteotomy with individualization of the maxillary segments. METHODS Preoperative, immediate postoperative and six months postoperative CBCT images were used to evaluate accuracy and stability of the individual segments in 20 patients (13 female; 7 male) who underwent segmented Le Fort I osteotomy. Three translational (left/right, intrusion/extrusion, anterior/posterior) and three rotational (pitch, roll, yaw) dimensions were calculated for each maxillary segment by means of a user-friendly module. Inter- and intra-observer Inter Class Coefficient (ICC) and mean absolute difference (MAD) were calculated. RESULTS The inter- and intra-observer reliability ICC varied between 0.93 and 0.99 for the translational and rotational accuracy and stability assessments, indicating excellent reliability. The MAD ranged between 0.21 mm and 0.32 mm for the translational error and between 0.6° and 0.9° for the rotational dimension. CONCLUSIONS The 3D assessment protocol for accuracy of segmented Le Fort I planning and short-term follow-up, proved to have high reliability with only a small margin of error. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The proposed 3D assessment protocol allows future in-depth analysis of segmented Le Fort I osteotomy and might implicate future improvement where necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver da Costa Senior
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, E91, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Lukas Vaes
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, E91, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Delphine Mulier
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, E91, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, E91, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, E91, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Eman Shaheen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, E91, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Han G, Li J, Wang S, Wang L, Zhou Y, Liu Y. A comparison of voxel- and surface-based cone-beam computed tomography mandibular superimposition in adult orthodontic patients. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520982708. [PMID: 33459090 PMCID: PMC7816535 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520982708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of voxel- and surface-based registrations for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) mandibular superimposition in adult orthodontic patients. METHODS Pre- and post-orthodontic treatment CBCT scans of 27 adult patients were obtained. Voxel- and surface-based CBCT mandibular superimpositions were performed using the mandibular basal bone as a reference. The accuracy of the two methods was evaluated using the absolute mean distance measured. The time that was required to perform the measurements using these methods was also compared. Statistical differences were determined using paired t-tests, and inter-observer reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS The absolute mean distance on seven mandible surface areas between voxel- and surface-based registrations was similar but not significantly different. ICC values of the surface-based registration were 0.918 to 0.990, which were slightly lower than those of voxel-based registration that ranged from 0.984 to 0.996. The time required for voxel-based registration and surface-based registration was 44.6 ± 2.5 s and 252.3 ± 7.1 s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both methods are accurate and reliable and not significantly different from each other. However, voxel-based registration is more efficient than surface-based registration for CBCT mandibular superimposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Han
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Kochhar AS, Nucci L, Sidhu MS, Prabhakar M, Grassia V, Perillo L, Kochhar GK, Bhasin R, Dadlani H, d’Apuzzo F. Reliability and Reproducibility of Landmark Identification in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Digital Lateral Vis-A-Vis CBCT-Derived 3D Cephalograms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030535. [PMID: 33540549 PMCID: PMC7867146 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the retrospective observational study was to compare the precision of landmark identification and its reproducibility using cone beam computed tomography-derived 3D cephalograms and digital lateral cephalograms in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. METHODS Cephalograms of thirty-one (31) North Indian children (18 boys and 13 girls) with a unilateral cleft lip and palate, who were recommended for orthodontic treatment, were selected. After a thorough analysis of peer-reviewed articles, 20 difficult-to-trace landmarks were selected, and their reliability and reproducibility were studied. These were subjected to landmark identification to evaluate interobserver variability; the coordinates for each point were traced separately by three different orthodontists (OBA, OBB, OBC). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics with paired t-tests to compare the differences measured by the two methods. Real-scale data are presented in mean ± SD. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant at a 95% confidence level. RESULTS When comparing, the plotting of points posterior nasal spine (PNS) (p < 0.05), anterior nasal spine (ANS) (p < 0.01), upper 1 root tip (p < 0.05), lower 1 root tip (p < 0.05), malare (p < 0.05), pyriforme (p < 0.05), porion (p < 0.01), and basion (p < 0.05) was statistically significant. CONCLUSION In patients with a cleft lip and palate, the interobserver identification of cephalometric landmarks was significantly more precise and reproducible with cone beam computed tomography -derived cephalograms vis-a-vis digital lateral cephalograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraj Singh Kochhar
- Former Consultant Orthodontist Max Hospital Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (V.G.); (L.P.); (F.d.)
| | - Maninder Singh Sidhu
- Department of Orthodontics & Dean, Research & Development Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India; (M.S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Mona Prabhakar
- Department of Orthodontics & Dean, Research & Development Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India; (M.S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Grassia
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (V.G.); (L.P.); (F.d.)
| | - Letizia Perillo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (V.G.); (L.P.); (F.d.)
| | - Gulsheen Kaur Kochhar
- Department of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, National Dental College & Hospital, Punjab 140507, India;
| | - Ritasha Bhasin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1G6, Canada;
| | - Himanshu Dadlani
- Senior Consultant Department of Dentistry (Periodontology), Max Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India;
| | - Fabrizia d’Apuzzo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (V.G.); (L.P.); (F.d.)
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Oh HJ, Moon JH, Ha H, Son IS, Lee YC, Lee SJ, Sohn HB, Seo BM. Virtually-Planned Orthognathic Surgery Achieves an Accurate Condylar Position. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:1146.e1-1146.e25. [PMID: 33539812 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accuracy in orthognathic surgery with virtual planning has been reported, but detailed analysis of accuracy according to anatomic location, including the mandibular condyle, is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to compare the virtual plan and surgical outcomes and analyze the degree and distribution of errors according to each anatomic location. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study evaluated skeletal class III patients, treated with bimaxillary surgery. The primary predictor was anatomic locations that consisted of right and left condyles, maxilla, and the distal segment of the mandible. Other variables were age and gender. The primary outcome was surgical accuracy, defined as mean 3-dimensional distance error, mean absolute error, and mean error along the horizontal, vertical, and anteroposterior axes between the virtual plan and surgical outcomes. Landmarks were compared using a computational method based on affine transformation with a 1-time landmark setting. The mean errors were visualized with multidimensional scattergrams. Bivariate and regression statistics were computed. RESULTS This study included 52 patients, 26 men and 26 women, with a mean age of 21 years and 3 months. The mean 3D distance errors for condylar landmarks, maxillary landmarks, and landmarks on the distal segment of the mandible were 1.03, 1.25, and 2.24 mm, respectively. Condylar landmarks, maxillary landmarks, and the landmarks on the distal segment of the mandible were positioned at 0.49 mm inferior, 0.28 mm anterior, and 1.25 mm inferior, respectively. The landmark errors for the distal segment of the mandible exhibited a wider distribution than those for condylar and maxillary landmarks. CONCLUSIONS Agreement between the planned and actual outcome aided by virtual surgical planning was highest for the condyles, followed by the maxilla, and the distal segment of the mandible. It is important to consider the tendency for surgical errors in each anatomic location during operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Oh
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Moon
- Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunbin Ha
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Seon Son
- Researcher, BOS Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Lee
- Private Practitioner, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bestian Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Jae Lee
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Bum Sohn
- Private Practitioner, Department of Orthodontics, Eton Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Moo Seo
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Ferraz FWDS, Iwaki-Filho L, Souza-Pinto GND, Iwaki LCV, Li AT, Cardoso MDA. A comparative study of the accuracy between two computer-aided surgical simulation methods in virtual surgical planning. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020; 49:84-92. [PMID: 33376041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective and observational study was to compare the accuracy of two different virtual surgical planning (VSP) protocols, namely, the CASS method and the modified CASS method. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, planned using either the CASS method or the modified CASS method. Linear and angular discrepancies between the VSP outcome and postoperative outcome for both groups were compared for maxilla, mandible, and chin segments. Aside from the comparison between both groups, additional criteria were used to determine the accuracy of the protocol based on a linear and angular difference between planned and actual outcomes of less than 2 mm and 4°, respectively. The intergroup comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA, with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS A total of 21 patients, of both genders, were assigned into group I (n = 11), planned with the CASS method, and group II (n = 10), planned with the modified CASS method. Both the CASS and modified CASS methods presented similar accuracy with regard to linear differences for the maxilla, mandible, and chin segments, except for ΔX for the mandibular segment, where the modified CASS method showed slightly better accuracy. However, there was a statistically significant difference with regard to angular differences in the chin segment, with the CASS method shown to be the more accurate. Aside from Δpitch for the chin segment, no linear or angular differences exceeded 2 mm or 4°. CONCLUSION Although statistically significant differences were found with regard to angular measurements in the chin segment, the accuracy of the modified CASS method for virtual planning can be considered as clinically equivalent, with a performance comparable to that of the CASS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Wellington da Silva Ferraz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Das Clínicas, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Dr Eneas de Carvalho, 255, 05403-010, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Liogi Iwaki-Filho
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenida Mandacaru, 1550, 87080-000, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Nascimento de Souza-Pinto
- Oral Radiology and Stomatology, Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenida Mandacaru, 1550, 87080-000, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Cristina Vessoni Iwaki
- Oral Radiology and Stomatology, Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenida Mandacaru, 1550, 87080-000, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - An Tien Li
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UNB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio de Almeida Cardoso
- Department of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua Dr José Rocha Junqueira, 13, 13045-755, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pan F, Yang Z, Wang J, Cai R, Liu J, Zhang C, Liao W. Influence of orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction on the spatial position of maxillary third molars in adult patients: a retrospective cohort cone-bean computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:321. [PMID: 33176777 PMCID: PMC7661228 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based on low-dose radiation Cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) images, This study aims to establish a space coordinate system, which offers more precise and comparable evaluation on changes of maxillary third molars influenced by orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in adults. The system suggests promising application prospect in future studies related to CBCT superimposition and evaluation for its feasibility and efficiency. Methods Forty-nine maxillary third molars from 27 patients (mean age, 20.78 years) were included. CBCT images were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment with premolars extracted (mean treatment duration, 31.47 months). The changes in the position, angulation, and rotation of the third molars were evaluated with a space coordinate system using four landmarks: anterior nasal spine (ANS), posterior nasal spine (PNS), left and right orbitales. Results After orthodontic treatment, the third molars moved forward (adjusted mean, 1.44 mm) (p < 0.001) and downward (adjusted mean, 2.87 mm) (p < 0.001) accompanied by outward rotation of the crowns (adjusted mean, 5.38°) (p = 0.001), while changes in angulation were insignificant. Conclusions This was the first study to systematically investigate the spatial position change of maxillary third molars in adult patients who received orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. During the process, maxillary third molars moved downward and forward accompanied by outward rotation of the crowns. Orthodontists should take tooth movement potential into consideration when making extraction plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhentao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruilie Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Accuracy and reliability of maxillary digital model (MDM) superimposition in evaluating teeth movement in adults compared with CBCT maxillary superimposition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19384. [PMID: 33168909 PMCID: PMC7653916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Superimposition of 3D maxillary digital dental models of different time points based on palatal vault region has been used to evaluate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of 3D maxillary digital model (MDM) superimposition in adults by comparing it with CBCT maxillary superimposition. In CBCT maxillary superimposition, voxel-based superimposition was firstly conducted, and MDMs were matched with corresponding CBCT models (CBCT-MDM superimposition). MDM superimposition (palatal vault regional superimposition) were performed on another pair of pre- and posttreatment MDMs. The position and orientation of upper first molars (U6s) and upper central incisors (U1s) on the posttreatment MDMs were compared to assess the accuracy of the MDM superimposition methods. The reliability was validated in both MDM superimposition and CBCT maxillary superimposition. In terms of accuracy, the average linear deviations in U6 and U1 positions were less than ± 0.3 mm, the average angular deviations of U6s and U1s were less than ± 0.2°, both have no significant difference from zero. The ICCs for MDM superimposition ranged from 0.85 to 0.99. The ICCs for CBCT-MDM superimposition were larger than 0.99 in all items. MDM superimposition was an efficient, accurate and reliable method for evaluating teeth movement in adults, although its reliability is slightly lower than CBCT maxillary superimposition.
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Thomas PM. Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Simulation in Orthognathic Surgery. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2020; 28:73-82. [PMID: 32741516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cxom.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mai DDP, Stucki S, Gkantidis N. Assessment of methods used for 3-dimensional superimposition of craniofacial skeletal structures: a systematic review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9263. [PMID: 32547877 PMCID: PMC7278889 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background So far, several techniques have been recommended for the assessment of craniofacial changes through skeletal tissue superimposition, but the evidence that supports them remains unexplored. The purpose of the present study is to assess the available literature on skeletal-tissue superimpositions of serial craniofacial CT or CBCT images used to detect morphological changes. Materials and Methods Medline (via Pubmed), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Open Grey and Grey Literature Report were searched (last search: 17.11.2019) using specific terms that fulfilled the requirements of each database in the context of the study aim. Hand searches were also performed. The outcomes of interest were the accuracy, precision, or agreement between skeletal-tissue superimposition techniques to assess changes in the morphology of craniofacial structures. Studies of any design with sample size ≥3 were assessed by two authors independently. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019143356). Results Out of 832 studies, fifteen met the eligibility criteria. From the 15 included studies, 12 have shown high total risk of bias, one low risk of bias, and two studies have shown unclear risk of bias. Thirteen out of the 15 studies showed high applicability concerns, two unclear and no study had low applicability concerns. There was high heterogeneity among studies regarding the type of participants, sample size, growth status, machines, acquisition parameters, superimposition techniques, assessment techniques and outcomes measured. Fourteen of them were performed on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and one on Computed Tomography (CT) derived 3D models. Most of the studies (eleven) used voxel-based registration, one landmark-based registration and three studies compared different registration techniques, which include the surface-based registration. Concerning the area of interest, nine studies focused on the anterior cranial base and certain facial structures, four on maxillary structures and four on mandibular structures. Non-growing participants were included in six studies, growing in eight, whereas one study had both. Conclusion Most of the available studies had methodological shortcomings and high applicability concerns. At the moment, certain voxel-based and surface-based superimpositions seem to work properly and to be superior to landmark-based superimposition. However, further research in the field is required to develop and properly validate these techniques on different samples, through high quality studies with low applicability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dinh-Phuc Mai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Stucki
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chen G, Al Awadi M, Chambers DW, Lagravère-Vich MO, Xu T, Oh H. The three-dimensional stable mandibular landmarks in patients between the ages of 12.5 and 17.1 years. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:153. [PMID: 32460733 PMCID: PMC7251715 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the aid of implants, Björk identified two-dimensional mandibular stable structures in cephalograms during facial growth. However, we do not know what the three-dimensional stable structures are with certainty. The purpose of this study was to identify the most stable mandibular landmarks in growing patients using three-dimensional images. Methods The sample was comprised of two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken about 4.6 years apart in 20 growing patients between the ages of 12.5 (T1) and 17.1 years (T2). After head orientation, landmarks were located on the chin (Pog), internal symphysis (Points C, D and E), and mandibular canals, which included the mental foramina (MF and MFA) and mandibular foramina (MdF). The linear distance change between Point C and these landmarks was measured on each CBCT to test stability through time. The reliability of the suggested stable landmarks was also evaluated. Results The total distance changes between Point C and points D, E, Pog, MF, and MFA were all less than 1.0 mm from T1 to T2. The reliability measures of these landmarks, which were measured by the Cronbach alpha, were above 0.94 in all three dimensions for each landmark. From T1 to T2, the distance changes from Point C to the right and left mandibular foramina were 3.39 ± 3.29 mm and 3.03 ± 2.83 mm, respectively. Conclusions During a growth period that averaged 4.6 years, ranging from 11.2 to 19.8 years old, the structures that appeared relatively stable and could be used in mandibular regional superimpositions included Pog, landmarks on the inferior part of the internal symphysis, and the mental foramen. The centers of the mandibular foramina and the starting points of the mandibular canal underwent significant changes in the transverse and sagittal dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mona Al Awadi
- Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - David William Chambers
- Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Manuel O Lagravère-Vich
- Associate Professor of Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Heesoo Oh
- Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
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Tonin RH, Iwaki Filho L, Yamashita AL, Ferraz FWDS, Tolentino EDS, Previdelli ITDS, Brum B, Iwaki LCV. Accuracy of 3D virtual surgical planning for maxillary positioning and orientation in orthognathic surgery. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 23:229-236. [PMID: 31925879 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective and observational study evaluated the accuracy of a 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) for the maxillary positioning and orientation in patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, comparing the planned and postoperative outcomes. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Seventy consecutive patients of both sexes, who were submitted to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery between 2015 and 2019 were included in our study. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients were evaluated by fusing preoperative planning and postoperative outcome using cone-beam computed tomography scan evaluation. Three-dimensional VSP and postoperative outcomes were compared by using three linear and three angular measurements. The main outcome interest was the difference between the VSP movement, and the surgical movement obtained. The success criterion adopted was a mean linear difference of <2 mm and a mean angular difference of <4°. RESULTS Results were analysed using a linear mixed model with fixed and random effects, at α = .05. No significant statistical differences were found for linear and angular measurements between the planned and postsurgical outcomes (P > .05). All overlapping points presented values within the range considered clinically irrelevant (<2 mm; <1°). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional VSP was executed with a high degree of accuracy. When comparing the planned and postsurgical outcomes, all overlapping points presented values within the range considered clinically irrelevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flávio Wellington da Silva Ferraz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Clinics Hospital of Medicine School and University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beatriz Brum
- Statistic Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Yatabe M, Prieto JC, Styner M, Zhu H, Ruellas AC, Paniagua B, Budin F, Benavides E, Shoukri B, Michoud L, Ribera N, Cevidanes L. 3D superimposition of craniofacial imaging-The utility of multicentre collaborations. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22 Suppl 1:213-220. [PMID: 31074129 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of 3D image registration and superimposition have contributed to better understanding growth changes and clinical outcomes. The use of 3D dental and craniofacial imaging in dentistry requires validate image analysis methods for improved diagnosis, treatment planning, navigation and assessment of treatment response. Volumetric 3D images, such as cone-beam computed tomography, can now be superimposed by voxels, surfaces or landmarks. Regardless of the image modality or the software tools, the concepts of regions or points of reference affect all quantitative of qualitative assessments. This study reviews current state of the art in 3D image analysis including 3D superimpositions relative to the cranial base and different regional superimpositions, the development of open source and commercial tools for 3D analysis, how this technology has increased clinical research collaborations from centres all around the globe, some insight on how to incorporate artificial intelligence for big data analysis and progress towards personalized orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Yatabe
- Department for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Martin Styner
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Antonio Carlos Ruellas
- Department for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Erika Benavides
- Department for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brandon Shoukri
- Department for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Loic Michoud
- Department for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nina Ribera
- Department for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lucia Cevidanes
- Department for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Huang J, Hu J, Luo R, Xie S, Wang Z, Ye Y. Linear measurements of sinus floor elevation based on voxel-based superimposition of cone beam computed tomography images. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:1048-1053. [PMID: 31392828 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postsurgical evaluation of sinus floor elevation regularly involves linear measurements of the elevated volumes in the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The accuracy of measurements could be compromised due to ill-defined sinus floor outline if implants are placed simultaneously. PURPOSE The aim was to examine a CBCT superimposition method to improve the measurement accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients who received transalveolar sinus floor elevation with immediate implantation were enrolled. CBCTs before and after surgery were transformed into digital imaging and communications in medicine format and imported into the Dolphin Imaging software. Voxel-based superimposition was automated to merge the files. In the superimposed image, parameters including alveolar bone height, protruded implant length, and total elevated height were measured. The superimposition and measurements were performed independently by two examiners and in two timepoints with 1-week time interval. We used intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to analyze the interexaminer and intraexaminer agreements. RESULTS Of measured parameters, the mean of difference between two timepoints ranged from 0.18 to 0.26 mm by examiner 1, and from 0.16 to 0.20 mm by examiner 2. ICCs were equal or greater than 0.98, indicating perfect intraexaminer agreement. For interexaminer reliability, the largest mean of difference was 0.27 mm in measuring alveolar bone height between two examiners. ICCs were greater than 0.98, showing perfect interexaminer agreement. CONCLUSIONS The voxel-based superimposition of pre- and post-surgical CBCT images with Dolphin Imaging is an effective and reliable way for linear measurements so as to assess the surgical outcome. There is minimal effect on reproducibility of measured data by different timepoints or performers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongchun Luo
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Accuracy and reliability of mandibular digital model registration with use of the mucogingival junction as the reference. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 127:351-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Shaheen E, Shujaat S, Saeed T, Jacobs R, Politis C. Three-dimensional planning accuracy and follow-up protocol in orthognathic surgery: a validation study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wärmländer SKTS, Garvin H, Guyomarc'h P, Petaros A, Sholts SB. Landmark Typology in Applied Morphometrics Studies: What's the Point? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1144-1153. [PMID: 30365240 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Landmarks are the hallmark of biological shape analysis as discrete anatomical points of correspondence. Various systems have been developed for their classification. In the most widely used system, developed by Bookstein in the 1990s, landmarks are divided into three distinct types based on their anatomical locations and biological significance. As Bookstein and others have argued that different landmark types possess different qualities, e.g., that Type 3 landmarks contain deficient information about shape variation and are less reliably measured, researchers began using landmark types as justification for selecting or avoiding particular landmarks for measurement or analysis. Here, we demonstrate considerable variation in landmark classifications among 17 studies using geometric morphometrics (GM), due to disagreement in the application of both Bookstein's landmark typology and individual landmark definitions. A review of the literature furthermore shows little correlation between landmark type and measurement reproducibility, especially when factors such as differences in measurement tools (calipers, digitizer, or computer software) and data sources (dry crania, 3D models, or 2D images) are considered. Although landmark typology is valuable when teaching biological shape analysis, we find that employing it in research design introduces confusion without providing useful information. Instead, researchers should choose landmark configurations based on their ability to test specific research hypotheses, and research papers should include justifications of landmark choices along with landmark definitions, details on landmark collection methods, and appropriate interobserver and intraobserver analyses. Hence, while the landmarks themselves are crucial for GM, we argue that their typology is of little use in applied studies. Anat Rec, 302:1144-1153, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,UCLA/Getty Conservation Programme, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Commercial and Business Law, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Heather Garvin
- Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Pierre Guyomarc'h
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, B8, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Anja Petaros
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, 587 58, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sabrina B Sholts
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
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Sam A, Currie K, Oh H, Flores-Mir C, Lagravére-Vich M. Reliability of different three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks in cone-beam computed tomography : A systematic review. Angle Orthod 2018; 89:317-332. [PMID: 30423256 DOI: 10.2319/042018-302.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric radiography is an integral part of orthodontic patient diagnosis and treatment planning. One must be mindful of its limitations as it indeed is a 2D representation of a vaster three-dimensional (3D) object. Issues with projection errors, landmark identification, and measurement inaccuracies impose significant limitations, which may now be overcome with the advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A systematic review of the reliability of different 3D cephalometric landmarks in CBCT imaging was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic database searches were administered until October 2017 using PubMed, MEDLINE via OvidSP, EBMR and EMBASE via OvidSP, Scopus, and Web of Science. Google Scholar was used as an adjunctive search tool. RESULTS Thirteen articles considering CBCT scans of human subjects from preexisting data sets were selected and reviewed. Most of the studies had methodological limitations and were of moderate quality. Because of their heterogeneity, key data from each could not be combined and were reported qualitatively. Overall, in 3D, midsagittal plane landmarks demonstrated greater reliability compared with bilateral landmarks. A minimum number of dental landmarks were reported, although most were recommended for use. CONCLUSIONS Further research is required to evaluate the reliability of 3D cephalometric landmarks when evaluating 3D craniofacial complexes.
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