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Muthupandian S, Arockiaraj J, Belete MA. A commentary on 'The use of multilayer perceptron and radial basis function: an artificial intelligence model to predict progression of oral cancer': correspondence. Int J Surg 2024; 110:2438-2439. [PMID: 38668666 PMCID: PMC11020071 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melaku A. Belete
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Aamir R, Rauf F, Iqbal F, Yousuf S, Rehman A, Sheikh AK, Muhammad S. Immunohistochemical Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:157-162. [PMID: 38268382 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression has been implicated in several tumors and is associated with increased tumor advancement as well as a potential drug target. The objective of the study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and their demographic and pathologic parameters. METHODS This study was a comparative cross-sectional analytical study. It was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, from March 2021 to February 2022. The sample size was calculated through G Power. Thirty-eight cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 38 cases of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. χ 2 tests and Fisher exact tests were applied to compare categorical variables. RESULTS Mean age of OSCC was 61.6±13.9, with age range from 26 to 90 years. The male-to-female ratio for OSCC was 2.16:1. Buccal mucosa was the most common site involved (34.2%). The most common histologic type was well-differentiated OSCC (71.05%) followed by poorly differentiated (16%) and moderately differentiated (13.15%). The mean age of OPMDs cases was 59.16 ± 10.81 with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.2. Buccal mucosa was the common site (55.3%), followed by the tongue (18.4%). The OPMDs with dysplasia were 55.2%, and without dysplasia were 44.8%. A total of 55.7% of cases of OSCC showed positive EGFR expression as compared with 36.9% OPMDs cases. A higher number of low-grade OSCC cases showed increased EGFR positivity (59.3%) as compared with high grade (45.45%). EGFR positivity in OPMD cases without dysplasia was 41.2% as compared with cases with dysplasia (33.3%). The EGFR expression in OPMD cases was higher in the ≤50 age group ( P =0.001) and in females ( P =0.032), which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS EGFR expression by Immunohistochemistry may not be a helpful prognostic marker to determine the risk of OPMDs progressing to higher grades of dysplasia or invasive cancer. However, further studies relating this tumor marker to stage, lymph node metastasis, hematogenous metastasis, survival outcomes, and treatment response may give useful information regarding the utility of this marker.
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Caponio VCA, Vieira E Silva FF, Pérez-Jardón A, Álvarez-Calderón-Iglesias Ó, Gándara-Vila P, Pannone G, Pérez-Sayáns M. Predictive value of CDKN2A/p16 INK4a expression in the malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154656. [PMID: 37406376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is still challenging. Despite the diagnostic ascertainment by bioptic examination, this method is poorly informative of the prognosis and subsequent malignant transformation. Prognosis is based on histological findings by grading of dysplasia. Immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4a has been investigated in different studies, with controversial results. In this scenario, we systematically revised the current evidence about p16INK4a immunohistochemical expression and the risk of malignization of OPMDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS After a proper set of keywords combination, 5 databases were accessed and screened to select eligible studies. The protocol was previously registered on PROSPERO (Protocol ID: CRD42022355931). Data were obtained directly from the primary studies as a measure to determine the relationship between CDKN2A/P16INK4a expression and the malignant transformation of OPMDs. Heterogeneity and publication bias were investigated by different tools, such as Cochran's Q test, Galbraith plot and Egger and Begg Mazumdar's rank tests. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed a twofold increased risk to malignant development (RR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.36-2.96 - I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis did not highlight any relevant heterogeneity. Galbraith plot showed that no individual study could be considered as an important outlier. CONCLUSION Pooled analysis showed that p16INK4a assessment may arise adjunct tool to dysplasia grading, leading to an optimized determination of the potential progression to cancer of OPMDs. The p16INK4a overexpression analysis by immunohistochemistry techniques has a multitude of virtues that may facilitate its incorporation in the day-to-day prognostic study of OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Fábio França Vieira E Silva
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Jardón
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Óscar Álvarez-Calderón-Iglesias
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pilar Gándara-Vila
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kalaimani G, Rao UDK, Joshua E, Ranganathan K. E-cadherin Expression in Premalignant Lesions, Premalignant Conditions, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Normal Mucosa: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44266. [PMID: 37772225 PMCID: PMC10528546 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multi-step process. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step in the progression of OSCC. One of the components that influence EMT is E-cadherin. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of E-cadherin in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), various grades of epithelial dysplasia, OSCC, and to compare it with the expression in the normal mucosa. Material and methods E-cadherin immunohistochemical detection was done using a monoclonal antibody of clone EP-6TM and the PolyExcel HRP/DAB chromogen detection system. A total of 100 samples, were divided into four groups, which included epithelial dysplasia (group 2) (30 cases), oral submucous fibrosis (group 3) (OSMF-30 cases), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (group 4) (OSCC-30 cases), which was compared with normal mucosa (group 1) (10 cases). The positive control used for E-cadherin was ductal breast carcinoma. Results All the cases of normal mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, and OSMF showed positivity for E-cadherin expression. In OSCC, 97% of cases expressed E-cadherin except one case. Out of 30 cases of epithelial dysplasia, 53% of mild epithelial dysplasia had a moderate intensity of expression and 75% had a mild intensity of E-cadherin expression. In moderately differentiated OSCC, 82% of cases showed mild intensity. Tissue localization of the E-cadherin stain in the basal layer decreased from normal mucosa to grades of epithelial dysplasia and OSCC. The pattern of E-cadherin staining in all the cases of group I, group II, and group III was membranous. In 97% of OSCC cases, both membranous and cytoplasmic staining were seen. Conclusion E-cadherin expression was reduced in increasing grades of epithelial dysplasia, OSCC, and OSMF compared to that of normal mucosa. E-cadherin expression is reduced as the lesions progress to malignancy. Hence, E-cadherin can be considered a surrogate marker of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Devi K Rao
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Elizabeth Joshua
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Kannan Ranganathan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Das R, Misra SR, Pradhan S. A simple clinicaapproach to diagnose oral erythroplakia, the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma! Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106126. [PMID: 36130471 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Das
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Satya Ranjan Misra
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Saplin Pradhan
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Al-Saud LM, Alolyet LM, Alenezi DS. The Effects of Selected Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness of a Single-shade Universal Resin Composite: In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068221129020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effects of selected alcohol-free mouthwashes with different formulations (zinc-hydroxyapatite, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium fluoride) on the surface microhardness of a single-shade universal resin composite. Materials and Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens (8 × 2 mm) from the universal resin composite (Omnichroma®), and a nano-hybrid composite (Tetric® N-Ceram) were prepared. After polymerization, baseline surface microhardness values were recorded using Vickers microhardness tester. The samples from each material were randomly assigned to 4 groups ( n = 10) and immersed in 20 ml of the mouthwashes: Biorepair®, Listerine®, Colgate® Optic White, and distilled water (control). The samples were kept in the immersion solutions for 24 hours, and post-immersion microhardness values were recorded. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-tests at p < .05. Results: Significant reduction in microhardness was observed in all resin composite groups after immersion in the mouthwashes compared to baseline values ( p < .0001). The highest microhardness reduction in Omnichroma® group was observed after immersion in Colgate® Optic White; and Tetric® N-Ceram group after immersion in Listerine® mouthwash. For both materials, the least reduction in microhardness was observed after immersion in Biorepair®. Microhardness values for Omnichroma were significantly higher than Tetric® N-Ceram ( p < .0001). However, Omnichroma exhibited a significantly greater reduction in microhardness after immersion in the tested mouthwashes. Conclusion: In vitro simulated use of the investigated mouthwashes negatively affected the surface microhardness of both tested resin composites. The observed effects were both mouthwash and material dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loulwa M. Al-Saud
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina M. Alolyet
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Padin-Iruegas E, Chamorro-Petronacci CM, Sines-Cajade I, Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Blanco-Carrión A, Pérez-Jardón A, Gándara-Vila P, Pérez-Sayans M. DNA Methylation by Bisulfite Next-Generation Sequencing for MLH1 and MGMT in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Potentially Malignant Disorders: An Integrative Analysis towards Field Cancerization. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070878. [PMID: 35888599 PMCID: PMC9322644 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: MGMT methylation is a well-described biomarker in several solid tumors and MLH1 seems to occur in the initial stages of oral carcinogenesis. The aims of this study were to evaluate MHL1 and MGMT methylation levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and to integrate this information with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Materials and Methods: To determine the percentage of gene methylation in MLH1 and MGMT, pyrosequencing analysis was conducted. Samples were divided as follows: (1) patients diagnosed with OSCC (N = 16); (2) patients with OPDM who developed OSCC in the same location (N = 47); and (3) patients with OPDM who developed OSCC in a different location (N = 22). As a validation cohort in this study, data from The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database, particularly regarding Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, was used. Results: Overall MLH1 methylation levels of 8.6 ± 11.5% and 8.1 ± 9.2% for MGMT were obtained. With regard to MHL1, the OSCC presented the highest degree of methylation with 9.3 ± 7.3% (95%CI 5.1–13.6), and with regards to MGMT, the simultaneous malignancy group presented the highest degree of methylation with 10 ± 13.5% (95%CI 6–10), although no significant differences were found between the groups (p = 0.934 and p = 0.515, respectively). The estimated survival was higher for MGMT methylated cases (19.1 months, 95%CI 19.1–19.1) than for unmethylated cases (9.4 months, 95%CI 6–12.8), but not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results did not show a correlation between MGMT and MLH1 methylation and any clinicopathological feature or survival in our institutional cohort. MLH1 methylation was present mainly in OSCC, whilst MGMT in OPMD represented a modest contribution to field cancerization, with an overall consistency with the TCGA database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Padin-Iruegas
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Area, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Vigo, 36001 Pontevedra, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Cintia M. Chamorro-Petronacci
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Iria Sines-Cajade
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-636-67-67-84
| | - Andrés Blanco-Carrión
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alba Pérez-Jardón
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Pilar Gándara-Vila
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayans
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Lafuente-Ibáñez de Mendoza I, Pérez-Sayáns M, Pérez-Jardón A, Chamorro-Petronacci CM, Blanco-Carrión A, Aguirre-Urízar JM. Critical update, systematic review, and meta-analysis of oral erythroplakia as an oral potentially malignant disorder. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:585-593. [PMID: 35488780 PMCID: PMC9545979 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma. This critical systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to estimate the malignant development rate of oral erythroplakia and identify the associated risk factors. Methods We performed a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS, with keywords “erythroplakia,” “erythroplasia,” “malignant transformation,” “malignant development,” “malignization,” “carcinogenesis,” “oral cancer,” “oral squamous cell carcinoma,” “mouth neoplasm,” and “prognosis.” Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random‐effects model. Results Ten observational studies with 441 patients met the inclusion criteria, whose mean malignant development rate was 12.7% and with a mean follow‐up period of patients of 6.66 years. In the initial biopsy, 42.8% of oral erythroplakia were already squamous cell carcinoma. The buccal mucosa was the most frequent location of oral erythroplakia, but the floor of the mouth was the most common site of malignant development. All patients who underwent malignant development showed epithelial dysplasia on the initial diagnostic biopsy. Conclusion Overall malignant development rate of OE in the meta‐analysis was 19.9%. We could not associate any specific clinicopathological feature with the malignant development. The presence of epithelial dysplasia in the initial biopsy remains the worst prognostic factor. Further observational studies on OE are needed, with well‐established diagnostic criteria and good clinical follow‐up, in order to identify the true risk of malignant development of oral erythroplakia and the related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), ORALRES group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Jardón
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), ORALRES group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cintia M Chamorro-Petronacci
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), ORALRES group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Blanco-Carrión
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), ORALRES group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguirre-Urízar
- Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, University of the Basque Country/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Molecular Signatures of Tumour and Its Microenvironment for Precise Quantitative Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An International Multi-Cohort Diagnostic Validation Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061389. [PMID: 35326543 PMCID: PMC8945999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) poses a problem for accurate prognosis that impacts on treatment strategy and patient outcome. A holistic assessment based on gene expression signatures from both the tumour cells and their microenvironment is necessary to provide a more precise prognostic assessment than just tumour cell signatures alone. METHODS We reformulated our previously established multigene qPCR test, quantitative Malignancy Index Diagnostic System (qMIDS) with new genes involved in matrix/stroma and immune modulation of the tumour microenvironment. An algorithm calculates and converts a panel of 16 gene mRNA expression levels into a qMIDS index to quantify risk of malignancy for each sample. RESULTS The new qMIDSV2 assay was validated in a UK oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cohort (n = 282) of margin and tumour core samples demonstrating significantly better diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.945) compared to previous qMIDSV1 (AUC = 0.759). Performance of qMIDSV2 were independently validated in Chinese (n = 35; AUC = 0.928) and Indian (n = 95; AUC = 0.932) OSCC cohorts. Further, 5-year retrospective analysis on an Indian dysplastic lesion cohort (n = 30) showed that qMIDSV2 was able to significantly differentiate between lesions without transformation and those with malignant transformation. CONCLUSIONS This study validated a novel multi-gene qPCR test on a total of 535 tissue specimens from UK, China and India, demonstrating a rapid minimally invasive method that has a potential application for dysplasia risk stratification. Further study is required to establish if qMIDSV2 could be used to improve OPMD patient management, guide treatment strategy and reduce oral cancer burden.
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10
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Cai X, Zhang H, Li T. The role of SPP1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:732-741. [PMID: 34489157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a low 5-year survival rate. Mounting evidence suggests that oral potentially malignant disorders, such as oral leukoplakia (OLK), may progress to HNSCC. Given that OLK and HNSCC are often insidious and asymptomatic, the identification of markers of OLK malignant transformation and therapeutic targets in HNSCC is critical. Using various online tools and publicly available gene expression datasets, the secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene (SPP1) was identified as a significant differentially expressed gene among OLK, HNSCC, and non-cancerous tissues. SPP1 mRNA levels were elevated in HNSCC tissues and were associated with cancer stage, tumor grade, and human papillomavirus infection status. High SPP1 mRNA levels were correlated with poor overall survival of HNSCC patients. In contrast, SPP1 mutations were not significantly associated with overall survival, although their frequency in HNSCC was very low (0.6%). Furthermore, SPP1 expression levels in HNSCC were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The study results suggest that SPP1 may represent a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Research Unit of Precision Pathological Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Research Unit of Precision Pathological Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - T Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Research Unit of Precision Pathological Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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McCord C, Kiss A, Magalhaes MA, Leong IT, Jorden T, Bradley G. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Precursor Lesions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:873-884. [PMID: 34193432 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may be associated with precursor lesions known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Few studies have reported on how OPMD diagnosis affects early detection and outcome of OSCC. We reviewed a large series of OSCC to determine the proportion that was associated with preceding OPMD and to compare the outcome of OSCC with or without precursor. Cases of oral-oropharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2015 were retrieved from the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) and matched to records of OPMD between 2001 and 2015 in two large oral pathology diagnostic services and the pathology databases of two hospitals with oral pathology services, to identify cases with precursor. Of 10,987 cancer cases, 378 (3.44%) had a preceding OPMD. Patients living in Central Ontario were more likely to have OPMD diagnosed before carcinoma than those in North Ontario (4.73% vs. 1.63%, P = 0.05). 329 of 5,257 cases of oral cancer were linked to a precursor, compared with 24 of 4,174 cases of oropharyngeal cancer (6.26% vs. 0.57%, P < 0.0001). Oral cancers with precursor were predominantly diagnosed at stage I (49.30%), compared with those without precursor, where stage IV disease predominated (41.28%). Sixty-nine of 309 (22.33%) patients with precursor-associated oral cancer have died of disease, compared with 1,551 of 4,656 (33.31%) patients without a precursor (P = 0.02). We conclude that patients with OSCC associated with a precursor had significantly lower odds of dying from disease. The beneficial effect of precursor lesion diagnosis on outcome is related to a higher proportion of stage I disease. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: OSCC causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially if diagnosed at late stages. Precursor lesions to OSCC can be recognized by clinical examination. Our study shows that early diagnosis of OSCC at the precursor stage can improve the outcome of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McCord
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A Magalhaes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iona T Leong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Jorden
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Bradley
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Lipsky MS, Su S, Crespo CJ, Hung M. Men and Oral Health: A Review of Sex and Gender Differences. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211016361. [PMID: 33993787 PMCID: PMC8127762 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211016361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex and gender related health disparities in oral health remain an underappreciated and often over looked aspect of well-being. The goal of this narrative review is to identify sex and gender related oral health disparities by summarizing the current literature related to differences in oral health between men and women. The review identified that men are more likely to: ignore their oral health, have poorer oral hygiene habits, and experience higher rates of periodontal disease, oral cancer, and dental trauma. Men also visit dentists less frequently and compared to women seek oral treatment more often for an acute problem and less often for disease prevention. Women exhibit more positive attitudes about dental visits, greater oral health literacy, and demonstrate better oral health behaviors than men. Men disproportionately develop periodontal diseases due to a combination of biological and gender related reasons including immune system factors, hormone differences, poorer oral hygiene behaviors, and greater tobacco use. There is a male to female ratio of 2:1 for oral cancer, largely attributable to more tobacco use, heavier use of alcohol, and longer sun exposure. Minority men experience a disproportionate burden of oral health disparities because of both their gender and race/ethnic identities. In conclusion, this review identifies several differences between men and women related to oral health and highlights the need for further research to better understand these disparities and how to incorporate them into developing prevention, education and treatment strategies to improve oral health in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Lipsky
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
- Oregon Health and Science University – Portland State University Institute on Aging, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sharon Su
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Carlos J. Crespo
- Oregon Health and Science University – Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Man Hung
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
- University of Utah Health, Society & Policy Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah School of Biological Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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The Potential of Raman Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Dysplastic and Malignant Oral Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040619. [PMID: 33557195 PMCID: PMC7913942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Raman spectroscopy, a light scattering technique that provides the biochemical fingerprint of a sample, was used on samples taken from patients with cancer and precancerous lesions. This information was then used to build a classifier to identify cancer and the precancerous phases. The ability to distinguish cancerous tissue from normal and precancerous tissue is diagnostically crucial as it can alter the patients’ prognosis and management. Moreover, as cellular changes are often present at the tumour margin, the ability to distinguish these changes from cancer can help in preserving more of the tissue and maintaining aesthetics and functionality for the patient. Abstract Early diagnosis, treatment and/or surveillance of oral premalignant lesions are important in preventing progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The current gold standard is through histopathological diagnosis, which is limited by inter- and intra-observer errors and sampling errors. The objective of this work was to use Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between benign, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia and OSCC in formalin fixed paraffin preserved (FFPP) tissues. The study included 72 different pathologies from which 17 were benign lesions, 20 mildly dysplastic, 20 moderately dysplastic, 10 severely dysplastic and 5 invasive OSCC. The glass substrate and paraffin wax background were digitally removed and PLSDA with LOPO cross-validation was used to differentiate the pathologies. OSCC could be differentiated from the other pathologies with an accuracy of 70%, while the accuracy of the classifier for benign, moderate and severe dysplasia was ~60%. The accuracy of the classifier was lowest for mild dysplasia (~46%). The main discriminating features were increased nucleic acid contributions and decreased protein and lipid contributions in the epithelium and decreased collagen contributions in the connective tissue. Smoking and the presence of inflammation were found to significantly influence the Raman classification with respective accuracies of 76% and 94%.
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14
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Wang R, Wang Y. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Oral Cancer Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1206. [PMID: 33530491 PMCID: PMC7865696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite easy access to the oral cavity and significant advances in treatment, the morbidity and mortality rates for oral cancer patients are still very high, mainly due to late-stage diagnosis when treatment is less successful. Oral cancer has also been found to be the most expensive cancer to treat in the United States. Early diagnosis of oral cancer can significantly improve patient survival rate and reduce medical costs. There is an urgent unmet need for an accurate and sensitive molecular-based diagnostic tool for early oral cancer detection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has gained increasing attention in cancer research due to its ability to elucidate qualitative and quantitative information of biochemical content and molecular-level structural changes in complex biological systems. The diagnosis of a disease is based on biochemical changes underlying the disease pathology rather than morphological changes of the tissue. It is a versatile method that can work with tissues, cells, or body fluids. In this review article, we aim to summarize the studies of infrared spectroscopy in oral cancer research and detection. It provides early evidence to support the potential application of infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions. The challenges and opportunities in clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
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15
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Schorn L, Rana M, Madry A, Ipaktchi R, Möllmann H, Gellrich NC, Rana M. Does autofluorescence help detect recurrent squamous cell carcinoma? A prospective clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:258-263. [PMID: 32593620 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.04.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 20% of patients experience local recurrences. In this study, the addition of autofluorescence to a standard incandescent light examination was evaluated to enhance detection rates of recurrences in OSCC. STUDY DESIGN Patients with OSCC who underwent follow-up examinations were included in this prospective cohort study. All patients (with or without recurrences) were examined clinically and with autofluorescence (using VELscope; Mectron, Cologne, Germany) and biopsy was used to examine suspect lesions for recurrences. Variables likely to influence results were analyzed. An analysis of dependencies, a general log-linear analysis, and a binary regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 26 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS The study included 195 patients and in 39 cases a biopsy was performed. Results showed significantly more recurrences with the addition of autofluorescence to the usual clinical examination (P ≥ .5). Sensitivity was 95.2% and specificity was 100%. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the advantages of adding autofluorescence to routine clinical assessments in OSCC follow-up examinations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS-ID: DRKS00004836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schorn
- Department for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Madiha Rana
- Department for Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Madry
- Department for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ramin Ipaktchi
- Department for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Henriette Möllmann
- Department for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Majeed Rana
- Department for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Celentano A, Glurich I, Borgnakke WS, Farah CS. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia-A systematic review of retrospective studies. Oral Dis 2020; 27:848-880. [PMID: 32306449 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review retrospective studies examining prognostic potentials of candidate biomarkers to stratify malignant progression of oral leukoplakia (OL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Evidence-Based Medicine and Web of Science databases targeted literature published through 29 March 2018. Inter-rater agreement was ascertained during title, abstract and full-text reviews. Eligibility evaluation and data abstraction from eligible studies were guided by predefined PICO questions and bias assessment by the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria. Biomarkers were stratified based on cancer hallmarks. RESULTS Eligible studies (n = 54/3,415) evaluated 109 unique biomarkers in tissue specimens from 2,762 cases (2,713 OL, 49 PVL). No biomarker achieved benchmarks for clinical application to detect malignant transformation. Inter-rater reliability was high, but 65% of included studies had high "Study Confounding" bias risk. CONCLUSION There was no evidence to support translation of candidate biomarkers predictive of malignant transformation of OL and PVL. Systematically designed, large, optimally controlled, collaborative, prospective and longitudinal studies with a priori-specified methods to identify, recruit, prospectively follow and test for malignant transformation are needed to enhance feasibility of prognostic biomarkers predicting malignant OL or PVL transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ingrid Glurich
- Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Wenche S Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, WA, Australia.,Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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17
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Pinto AC, Caramês J, Francisco H, Chen A, Azul AM, Marques D. Malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia-systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:600-611.e2. [PMID: 32249069 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies to determine the rate of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and assess the influence of demographic factors (age, gender, and geographic region) on the overall transformation rate. STUDY DESIGN A search was conducted for publications until July 2019 in 4 electronic databases and peer-reviewed journals. A manual search was performed on the bibliographies of the collected articles, and the authors were contacted for additional information. This study was previously registered with the trial number CRD42019126909 and study quality assessed through established methods. The results were expressed by means of proportions or odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. Meta-regression was undertaken to evaluate possible sources of heterogeneity, and funnel plot visual analysis was performed to assess publication bias. RESULTS The 34 observational epidemiologic studies included reported data on 26,209 patients with oral leukoplakia from 18 different countries. Meta-analysis of 32 studies (23,489 patients) presented an estimated overall mean proportion of malignant transformation rate of 9.70% (7.80-11.70) (I2 = 98.66%; τ2 < 0.001; χ2 = 23.18; degrees of freedom [df] = 31). When comparing genders, the odds ratio favored males with 0.622 (0.468-0.826) (I2 = 29.77%; τ2 = 0.089; χ2 = 22.78; df = 16). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the included studies in this systematic review, the results suggest that the malignant transformation rate was dependent on demographic factors and follow-up time. Future studies should include the development of guidelines to standardize the methodology for long-term follow-up assessment, thus reducing the risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Pinto
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Caramês
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisbon, Portugal; LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Francisco
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Chen
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Mano Azul
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal; Clínica Integrada de Medicina Oral, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Implantologia, Lisbon, Portugal; LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Lisbon, Portugal; Evidence Based Dentistry Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal.
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18
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Pires FR, Barreto ME, Nunes JG, Carneiro NS, Azevedo AB, Dos Santos TC. Oral potentially malignant disorders: clinical-pathological study of 684 cases diagnosed in a Brazilian population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e84-e88. [PMID: 31880285 PMCID: PMC6982984 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency and distribution of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) may vary among different populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical-pathological characteristics of OPMD diagnosed in a Brazilian oral pathology laboratory over a period of 11 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS All cases diagnosed as leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and actinic cheilitis from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed. Clinical information was obtained from laboratory forms and histological information was obtained from histological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS the final sample was comprised of 684 cases, of which 292 were males and 392 were females. The mean age was 58 years. The anatomical site most often involved was the lateral border of the tongue (23%), followed by the lower lip (20%), and by the buccal mucosa/vestibule (18%). Leukoplakia accounted for 82% of the sample (564 cases). The mean size of the leukoplakia and speckled leukoplakia lesions was 13 mm (ranging from 1 to 100 mm) and 15 mm (ranging from 5 to 30 mm), respectively (p=0.460). Males reported smoking and drinking alcohol more frequently than females (p=0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). In half of the cases, dysplasia was not histologically detected, while slight dysplasia was detected in 28% of the cases. The lesions from patients aged from 41 to 80 years presented moderate and severe dysplasia more often than lesions from patients in other age groups. CONCLUSIONS OPMD were more common in females in their sixties. Females were more frequently affected in all anatomical sites, except for the lips. Leukoplakia lesions were the most common OPMD, followed by actinic cheilitis. The lateral border of the tongue was the most affected anatomical site. OPMD located in the floor of the mouth/sublingual mucosa and lesions from older patients presented severe epithelial dysplasia with greater frequency.
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19
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Zhang X, Liu D, Dong H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Bian L. Factors associated with delay in presentation among patients for oral cancer. J Comp Eff Res 2019; 8:1003-1071. [PMID: 31290337 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine factors that influence delay in presentation among oral cancer patients. Materials & methods: A cross-sectional study with 128 Oral cancer patients receiving treatment from the Hospital of Stomatology, at Jilin University, in China, was conducted. Results: A total of 78 patients delayed seeking treatment for more than 3 weeks after noticing symptoms of oral anomaly. Patients who were male, farmers (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.617; 95% CI: 1.90–3.64), or currently smoking (OR = 4.651; 95% CI: 1.21–9.46), were more likely to delay. Patients alerted to the problem at a physical exam had much lower risk of delay than patients who discovered the disease independently (OR = 0.029; 95% CI: 0.01–0.30). Higher coping style scores (OR = 0.747; 95% CI: 0.47–1.18) and oral cancer knowledge scores (OR = 0.886; 95% CI: 0.60–2.01) were significantly correlated with shorter delays. Conclusion: Delay in presentation may be achieved through regular oral health screening and improved public education about factors influencing delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bingyan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijuan Bian
- Department of Cataract, Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:19-27. [PMID: 31110412 PMCID: PMC6503768 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_13_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than a decade, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the revised grading system for oral epithelial dysplasia in 2017. The revised classification has changes reflecting our evolution of understanding of the dysplastic process. Although the WHO 2017 three-tier grading system is the gold standard for histological diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders, it has certain limitations. Suggestions to overcome these limitations include the use of clinical determinants and molecular markers to supplement the grading system. It has also been suggested that a two-tier system may be more reproducible and clinically translatable for better management. These advances in the understanding of epithelial dysplasia are very important globally and for us in the Indian subcontinent, given the prevalence of habits (tobacco/areca nut) and burden of oral cancer in this part of the world. The following review traces the evolution of the grading system of dysplasia, its relevance and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Kavitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Coletta RD, Salo T. Myofibroblasts in oral potentially malignant disorders: Is it related to malignant transformation? Oral Dis 2018; 24:84-88. [PMID: 29480603 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In oral cancer, acquisition of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive fibroblasts, known as myofibroblasts or carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF), is an important event for progression and metastasis. However, the contribution of myofibroblasts in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) remains controversial. This systematic review provides evidence that immunodetection of myofibroblasts may identify oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) with high risk of malignant transformation, but does not represent an auxiliary tool to predict the malignant potential of leukoplakia and erythroplakia, the most common OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Salo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Villa A, Sonis S. Oral leukoplakia remains a challenging condition. Oral Dis 2018; 24:179-183. [PMID: 29480606 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Crispian Scully had many interests in the realm of oral diseases. But oral leukoplakia was one that piqued his curiosity when he was still an academic neophyte and remained a topic which he studied throughout his enormously productive career. It is easy to understand why. While the clinical manifestations of oral leukoplakia are common, we still do not fully understand why one version of the condition is benign, while another, similar in appearance, progresses to a malignancy. The diagnosis of oral leukoplakia is based on expert clinical and histopathological examamination. Management and treatment of leukoplakia remain challenging especially for large lesions and the proliferative subtype. This review aims to provide a general overview on leukoplakia, explore current challenges in its diagnosis and management and discuss the opportunities to better understand the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Sonis
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomodels LLC, Watertown, MA, USA
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23
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Hassona Y, Sawair F, Matarweh D, Abdalhamid A, Thweib D, Scully C. Oral Cancer Early Detection: What Do Patients Need To Know? JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2018; 33:865-869. [PMID: 28220285 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the educational needs of patients regarding early detection of oral cancer. A total of 790 patients without cancer were interviewed and shown a set of validated clinical images of various oral lesions including early oral cancer. Participants were asked about their perception of cancer and the action that they would take if they notice a similar lesion. Lower risk lesions (e.g., lumps) were more likely to be perceived as cancer (52.4%), while higher risk lesions (e.g., red patches) were least likely to be perceived as cancer (8.8%). The perceived appearance of the lesions was correlated with patients' perceived need for medical advice. Higher risk lesions were less likely to make patients feel the need to seek professional advice. High-risk patients were less aware about oral cancer appearance and were less likely to take action if they notice an oral lesion. Patients are not aware of the various presentations of early oral cancers, especially higher risk lesions. Patients need to know more about the clinical appearance of early oral cancer. The use of representative clinical images of early oral cancer and educational videos on self-inspection of oral mucosa is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Hassona
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan.
| | - F Sawair
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - D Matarweh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - A Abdalhamid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - D Thweib
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - C Scully
- University College London, London, UK
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Gandara-Vila P, Perez-Sayans M, Suarez-Penaranda JM, Gallas-Torreira M, Somoza-Martin J, Reboiras-Lopez MD, Blanco-Carrion A, Garcia-Garcia A. Survival study of leukoplakia malignant transformation in a region of northern Spain. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e413-e420. [PMID: 29924757 PMCID: PMC6051679 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder (PMD) of the oral cavity. The objectives of this study are to determine the clinicopathologic features in a group of patients with oral leukoplakia of Northern Spain (Galicia), determining the factors associated to clinical risk and analyzing the malignant transformation of these patients. Material and Methods We included 85 patients. We recorded sex and age, habits like alcohol and tobacco, size, clinical appearance, site, number of lesions, and presence or absence of dysplasia. We assess the association between risk factors and transformation and developed a logistic regression analysis. Finally we used the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test for the survival analysis. Results 7 patients (8.2%) had malignant transformation. The mean follow-up of the patients was 4.13 years versus 5.58 years of those who developed carcinoma. Only location and initial dysplasia have a statistically significant relationship with malignant transformation, but when applied the long rank test only the presence of dysplasia remains statistically significant(P<0,026). Oral Cancer Free Survival was 81.9% (0.150) at 11 years for the group without dysplasia. Conclusions We found that the presence of dysplasia is the only risk factor that is statistically related to the development of a carcinoma. Key words:Leukoplakia, oral cancer and oral precancer, follow-up, malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gandara-Vila
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Entrerrios s/n, Santiago de Compostela C.P. 15705,
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Yap T, Koo K, Cheng L, Vella LJ, Hill AF, Reynolds E, Nastri A, Cirillo N, Seers C, McCullough M. Predicting the Presence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Commonly Dysregulated MicroRNA in Oral Swirls. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:491-502. [PMID: 29764807 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral swirls are a noninvasive, rapidly collected source of salivary microRNA (miRNA) potentially useful in the early detection of disease states, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to predict the presence of OSCC using a panel of OSCC-related dysregulated miRNA found in oral swirls, identified jointly in data from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh-frozen specimens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to determine miRNA fold changes in FFPE OSCC specimens relative to histologically normal epithelium. These data were placed with NGS of fresh-frozen tissue data of The Cancer Genome Atlas database to select a panel of commonly dysregulated miRNA. This panel was then analyzed by RT-qPCR in RNA extracted from oral swirls collected from 30 patients with OSCC and 30 controls. Upregulation of miR-31 and miR-21 and downregulation of miR-99a, let-7c, miR-125b, and miR-100 were found between OSCC and controls in both FFPE and fresh-frozen samples. These miRNAs were studied in a training set of 15 OSCC versus 15 control oral swirls to develop a dysregulation score [AUC, 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-1.03] and classification tree. A test cohort of 15 OSCC versus 15 control oral swirls yielded a dysregulation score AUC of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-1.00) with the classification tree identifying 100% (15/15) of OSCC and 67% (10/15) of controls. This study debuts the use of OSCC-associated miRNA, commonly dysregulated in both FFPE and frozen specimens, in oral swirls to indicate the presence of OSCC with high accuracy. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 491-502. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kendrick Koo
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alf Nastri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Seers
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Nikitakis NG, Rassidakis GZ, Tasoulas J, Gkouveris I, Kamperos G, Daskalopoulos A, Sklavounou A. Alterations in the expression of DNA damage response-related molecules in potentially preneoplastic oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:637-649. [PMID: 29705090 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of DNA damage response (DDR) markers in potentially preneoplastic oral epithelial lesions (PPOELs). STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical expression of DDR markers (γΗ2 ΑΧ, pChk2, 53 BP1, p53, and phosphorylated at Ser 15 p53) was assessed in 41 oral leukoplakias, ranging from hyperplasia (H) to dysplasia (D) and in comparison with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal mucosa (NM). Statistical and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed. RESULTS γH2 AX immunoexpression demonstrated a gradual increase and upper layer extension from NM to H to higher D degrees to OSCC. pChk2 expression was minimal in NM, relatively low in PPOELs, with an increasing tendency from H to D, and higher in OSCC. 53 BP1 demonstrated higher levels in OSCC than in NM, whereas its expression in PPOELs was heterogeneous, gradually increasing according to D. p53 demonstrated progressively higher levels and upper layer extension from H to D to OSCC. Phosphorylated p53 was absent in NM and relatively low in PPOELs and OSCC. CONCLUSIONS DDR markers' expression is variable in PPOELs, showing a tendency to increase along with dysplasia. Activated DDR mechanisms may play an important protective role at early stages of oral carcinogenesis, but probably suffer progressive deregulation, eventually failing to suppress malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Jason Tasoulas
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gkouveris
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Kamperos
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Daskalopoulos
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Sklavounou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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SILVA LVDO, ARRUDA JAA, MARTELLI SJ, KATO CDNADO, NUNES LFM, VASCONCELOS ACU, TARQUINIO SBC, GOMES APN, GOMEZ RS, MESQUITA RA, SILVEIRA MMFD, SOBRAL APV. A multicenter study of biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions in a Brazilian pediatric population. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e20. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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28
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Holmstrup P. Oral erythroplakia-What is it? Oral Dis 2018; 24:138-143. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Holmstrup
- Section of Periodontology; Oral Microbiology; Oral Radiology; Oral Surgery; Oral Physiology; and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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29
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Castillo GDV, Blanc SLD, Sotomayor CE, Azcurra AI. Study of virulence factor of Candida species in oral lesions and its association with potentially malignant and malignant lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 91:35-41. [PMID: 29656214 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between malignant and premalignant lesions and the virulence factor profile of Candida spp. recovered from different oral lesions. DESIGN Candida spp. isolated from malignant lesions (squamous cell carcinoma, OC, n = 25), atypical lichen planus (AL, n = 11), chronic candidiasis (CC, n = 25), and asymptomatic carriers (WI, n = 15, control strains.) Isolates were identified in chromogenic medium, colony morphology and biochemical tests. The lipolytic and proteinase activity was determined on supplemented agar with olive oil and BSA, respectively. The biofilm formation with XTT reduction assay and cellular surface hydrophobicity (CSH) by water-hydrocarbon method were performed. RESULTS All isolates recovered from oral lesions produced the four virulence factors studied with significantly higher levels than in WI isolates. Interestingly, lipolytic activity was absent in WI isolates. The proteolytic activity was similar in AL and OC isolates. OC isolates showed significantly higher CSH values than other clinical isolates. Non-albicans species showed higher biofilm formation than C.albicans (P = 0.03.) There were no significant differences in virulence factors among species. A strong positive correlation was found between proteinase and lipase activity (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001), and between hydrophobicity and biofilm (R = 0.81, P < 0.0001.) CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that OC Candida isolates exhibited a significant higher attributes of virulence than other lesions fungus isolates, providing evidence about the association between Candida pathogenicity and lesions severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia López de Blanc
- Dpto. de Patología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Elena Sotomayor
- Dpto. de Bioquímica Clínica- CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Isabel Azcurra
- Dpto. de Biología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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Maheswari TNU, Venugopal A, Sureshbabu NM, Ramani P. Salivary micro RNA as a potential biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review. Tzu Chi Med J 2018; 30:55-60. [PMID: 29875583 PMCID: PMC5968743 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_114_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are oral mucosal disorders which have a high potential to turn into malignancy. A recent report suggests that 16%–62% of epithelial dysplasia cases of OPMD undergo malignant transformation, showing the need for early detection of malignancy in these disorders. Micro RNA (miRNA) plays an important role in cellular growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response, and hence, deregulation of miRNA is considered a signature of oral carcinogenesis. A search was done using MeSH terms in the PubMed, ScienceDirect databases, hand search, and finally, six studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 167 patients with oral cancer, 78 with OPMDs, 147 healthy controls, and 20 disease controls were analyzed for the expression of salivary miRNAs. Quality assessment based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used to obtain a risk of bias chart using Revman 5.3 software and it was proved that the study done by Zahran et al. in 2015 had a low risk of bias. The results of this study revealed upregulated miRNA 184 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and miRNA 21 with an AUC of 0.73 and downregulated miRNA 145 with an AUC of 0.68, which proved that these miRNAs are significant in detecting early malignancy in OPMD and should be further analyzed in various populations. This systematic review explored the potential of expression of salivary miRNA in OPMD for future studies. This could pave the way to utilize saliva as a surrogate marker in diagnosing early malignant changes in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Uma Maheswari
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Venugopal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivedhita Malli Sureshbabu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prathiba Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shrestha A, Marla V, Shrestha S, Agrawal D. Awareness of Undergraduate Dental and Medical Students Towards Oral Cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2017; 32:778-783. [PMID: 27018047 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-016-1023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignancy in Nepal and many other South East Asian countries, which is predisposed by a variety of potentially malignant oral diseases. Considering the importance of knowledge of health professionals and their role in early diagnosis and reduction of cancer statistics, this study aims to evaluate the awareness of undergraduate dental and medical students towards oral cancer. The study involved undergraduate dental and medical students of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from Carter to Ogden was distributed. One hundred forty-three dental and 311 medical students responded to the questionnaire. Significantly more dental (80.4 %) than medical students (36.0 %) were found to routinely examine the oral mucosa. Tobacco smoking and chewing were the most commonly recognized risk factors by both medical and dental students. Most of the students found ulcer as the common change associated with oral cancer. Only 30 out of the total students felt very well informed about oral cancer. This study has demonstrated a lack of awareness in some aspects of oral cancer among medical and dental students which highlights the need to frame new teaching methodologies. Similar studies from other health institutions would provide an insight regarding the same and could be a base for formulating a uniform curriculum in the implementation of knowledge regarding oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Shrestha
- Department of Oral Pathology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
| | - Vinay Marla
- Department of Oral Pathology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Sushmita Shrestha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Diksha Agrawal
- Department of Oral Pathology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) refer to epithelial lesions and conditions with an increased risk for malignant transformation; oral leukoplakia is the most commonly encountered. Overall, OPMDs have a low risk for malignant transformation, yet the challenge is the difficulty to reliably identify and predict which patients with OPMDs are at the highest risk for malignant transformation. Future research is needed to elucidate the molecular aspects of OPMDs, to improve current diagnostic strategies, leading to personalized management.
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Castagnola P, Gandolfo S, Malacarne D, Aiello C, Marino R, Zoppoli G, Ballestrero A, Giaretti W, Pentenero M. DNA aneuploidy relationship with patient age and tobacco smoke in OPMDs/OSCCs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184425. [PMID: 28877236 PMCID: PMC5587305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke habit, patient age, DNA aneuploidy and genomic DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. DNA aneuploidy was detected by high-resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) on DAPI stained nuclei obtained from multiple tissue samples from OPMDs/OSCCs in 220 consecutive patients. Nuclear genomic aberrations were determined in a subset of 65 patients by genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using DNA extracted from either diploid or aneuploid nuclei suspension sorted by FCM. DNA aneuploidy and mean nuclear genomic aberrations were associated with patients' age. In particular, DNA aneuploidy strongly associated with age in non-smoker OPMDs/OSCCs patients. OSCCs from smokers showed a lower prevalence of DNA aneuploidy compared to OSCCs from non-smokers. A higher occurrence of DNA aneuploidy (particularly in smokers' OPMDs) was observed in patients characterized by involvement of a single oral subsite. Our study suggests that: 1) DNA aneuploidy in non-smokers is mainly related to aging; 2) OPMDs/OSCCs involving multiple oral subsites in smokers are less likely to develop DNA aneuploidy compared to non-smokers; 3) OSCC development is characterized by both CIN and CIN-independent mechanisms and that the latter are more relevant in smokers. This study provides evidence that DNA diploid OPMDs may be considered at lower risk of cancerization than DNA aneuploid ones in non-smokers but not in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Castagnola
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Gandolfo
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Malacarne
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Aiello
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Marino
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Walter Giaretti
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Pentenero
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Hassona Y, Scully C, Abu Tarboush N, Baqain Z, Ismail F, Hawamdeh S, Sawair F. Oral Cancer Knowledge and Diagnostic Ability Among Dental Students. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2017; 32:566-570. [PMID: 26660959 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-015-0958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence the diagnostic ability of dental students with regards to oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders. Dental students at different levels of study were directly interviewed to examine their oral cancer knowledge and diagnostic ability using a validated and pre-tested survey instrument containing validated clinical images of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders. An oral cancer knowledge scale (0 to 31) was generated from correct responses on oral cancer general knowledge, and a diagnostic ability scale (0 to 100) was generated from correct selections of suspicious oral lesions. Knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 27 (mean 10.1 ± 6.0); mean knowledge scores increased with year of study; 5th year students had the highest mean knowledge score (19.1 ± 4.0), while 1st year students had the lowest (5.6 ± 3.5). Diagnostic ability scores increased with year of study and ranged from 0 to 88.5 % (mean 41.8 % ± 15.6). The ability to recognize suspicious oral lesions was significantly correlated with knowledge about oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (r = 0.28; P < 0.001). There is a need to improve oral cancer education curricula; increasing students' contact with patients who have oral lesions including oral cancer will help to improve their future diagnostic ability and early detection practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hassona
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, PO Box 11942, Jordan.
| | - C Scully
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Abu Tarboush
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Z Baqain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, PO Box 11942, Jordan
| | - F Ismail
- Department of Dentistry, The University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - S Hawamdeh
- Department of Dentistry, The University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - F Sawair
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, PO Box 11942, Jordan
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Villa A, Woo SB. Leukoplakia—A Diagnostic and Management Algorithm. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:723-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hirshberg A, Allon I, Novikov I, Ankri R, Ashkenazy A, Fixler D. Gold nanorods reflectance discriminate benign from malignant oral lesions. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1333-1339. [PMID: 28115253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based contrast agents have been used as an imaging tool for selectively detecting cancerous processes. We aimed to evaluate the detection sensitivity of reflection measurements of gold nanorods (GNRs) bio-conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (GNRs-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies in discriminating benign from premalignant and malignant human oral lesions. Tissue sections incubated with GNRs-EGFR and the reflectance spectrum was measured using hyperspectral microscopy. Reflectance intensity increased with the progression of the disease, lowest in the control group and increasing as the dysplastic changes increase (P<0.001 for linear trend of grade). Intensity was significantly higher in the moderate and severe dysplasias and cancer patients than in the controls and mild dysplasia (t test P=0.0003, Mann-Whitney P<0.0001). The GNRs reflection measurements can discriminate benign and mild dysplastic lesions from the more severe dysplasia and invasive cancer, suggesting an objective, not dependent on the qualification of a technician and with less interpretation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Hirshberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Irit Allon
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilya Novikov
- Biostatistical Unit, Gertner institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rinat Ankri
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Ashkenazy
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Curra M, Salvadori G, Junges R, Filho MS, Hugo FN, Martins MD. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis for the identification of potentially malignant disorders and malignant lip lesions. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e135. [PMID: 28001243 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of clinical diagnosis for lip lesions based on sensitivity and specificity. The retrospective analysis focused on the detection of lesions caused by potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) and malignant lesions (n = 1195). All cases were classified as benign, PMD, and malignant lesions. Concordance between diagnoses based on clinical examination and those based on histopathological analysis was assessed, and accuracy for the identification of PMD and malignant lesions was calculated. Histopathological analysis revealed 44 lesion types; PMD and malignant lesions comprised 8.3% of all cases. Compared with histopathological analysis, clinical examination showed 97.4% accuracy for the identification of non-malignant and potentially malignant/malignant cases. Degrees of specific sensitivity ranged from 34% to 77% for different lesions, and were highest for autoimmune (77%) and reactive (72%) lesions. Positive and negative predictive values for the identification of PMD and malignant lesions were 81.9% and 98.9%, respectively. Clinical examination showed a high degree of accuracy for the detection of PMD and malignant lip lesions, indicating good reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Curra
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Salvadori
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger Junges
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manoel Sant'ana Filho
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Center of Community Dental Health Research, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kalavrezos N, Scully C. Mouth Cancer for Clinicians Part 7: Cancer Diagnosis and Pre-treatment Preparation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:50-4, 57-60, 63-5. [PMID: 27024902 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2016.43.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This article offers the dental team an overview of diagnosis, diagnostic and pre-treatment procedures.
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Hassona Y, Taimeh D, Marahleh A, Scully C. YouTube as a source of information on mouth (oral) cancer. Oral Dis 2016; 22:202-8. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hassona
- Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Jordan; Amman Jordon
| | - D Taimeh
- Department of Dentistry; The University of Jordan Hospital; Amman Jordon
| | - A Marahleh
- Department of Dentistry; The University of Jordan Hospital; Amman Jordon
| | - C Scully
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health; University College London; London UK
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Jin LJ, Lamster IB, Greenspan JS, Pitts NB, Scully C, Warnakulasuriya S. Global burden of oral diseases: emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health. Oral Dis 2016; 22:609-19. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LJ Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - IB Lamster
- Department of Health Policy and Management; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - JS Greenspan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences; School of Dentistry at University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - NB Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| | - C Scully
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health; and University College; London UK
| | - S Warnakulasuriya
- King's College London Dental Institute; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer; London UK
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41
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Giagkou E, Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH. Mouth cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases. Oral Dis 2016; 22:260-4. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Giagkou
- Division of Gastroenterology; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - DK Christodoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - KH Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
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Kalavrezos N, Scully C. Mouth Cancer for Clinicians Part 6: Potentially Malignant Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 42:866-8, 871-4, 877. [PMID: 26749794 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2015.42.9.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team, in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This article offers the dental team an overview of oral potentially malignant disorders.
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43
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Castagnola P, Zoppoli G, Gandolfo S, Monticone M, Malacarne D, Cirmena G, Brown D, Aiello C, Maffei M, Marino R, Giaretti W, Pentenero M. Genomic DNA Copy Number Aberrations, Histological Diagnosis, Oral Subsite and Aneuploidy in OPMDs/OSCCs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142294. [PMID: 26540282 PMCID: PMC4634987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) characterized by the presence of dysplasia and DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs), may reflect chromosomal instability (CIN) and predispose to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Early detection of OPMDs with such characteristics may play a crucial role in OSCC prevention. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between CNAs, histological diagnosis, oral subsite and aneuploidy in OPMDs/OSCCs. Samples from OPMDs and OSCCs were processed by high-resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) to determine the relative nuclear DNA content. Additionally, CNAs were obtained for a subset of these samples by genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using DNA extracted from either diploid or aneuploid nuclei suspension sorted by FCM. Our study shows that: i) aneuploidy, global genomic imbalance (measured as the total number of CNAs) and specific focal CNAs occur early in the development of oral cancer and become more frequent at later stages; ii) OPMDs limited to tongue (TNG) mucosa display a higher frequency of aneuploidy compared to OPMDs confined to buccal mucosa (BM) as measured by DNA-FCM; iii) TNG OPMDs/OSCCs show peculiar features of CIN compared to BM OPMDs/OSCCs given the preferential association with total broad and specific focal CNA gains. Follow-up studies are warranted to establish whether the presence of DNA aneuploidy and specific focal or broad CNAs may predict cancer development in non-dysplastic OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- IRCCS AOU - San Martino -IST, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Gandolfo
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Brown
- J.-C. Heuson Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Massimo Maffei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Marino
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Monica Pentenero
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Xiao H, Langerman A, Zhang Y, Khalid O, Hu S, Cao CX, Lingen MW, Wong DT. Quantitative proteomic analysis of microdissected oral epithelium for cancer biomarker discovery. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:1011-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bolognesi C, Bonassi S, Knasmueller S, Fenech M, Bruzzone M, Lando C, Ceppi M. Clinical application of micronucleus test in exfoliated buccal cells: A systematic review and metanalysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 766:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Field EA, McCarthy CE, Ho MW, Rajlawat BP, Holt D, Rogers SN, Triantafyllou A, Field JK, Shaw RJ. The management of oral epithelial dysplasia: The Liverpool algorithm. Oral Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26198978 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
| | - C E McCarthy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - M W Ho
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - B P Rajlawat
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - D Holt
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S N Rogers
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRd), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - A Triantafyllou
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, UK
| | - J K Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team, in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. Clinical Relevance: This article offers the dental team a simplified overview of carcinogenesis, and a review of cancers that affect the oral region.
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48
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Zahran F, Ghalwash D, Shaker O, Al-Johani K, Scully C. Salivary microRNAs in oral cancer. Oral Dis 2015; 21:739-47. [PMID: 25784212 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the use of three salivary microRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-184, and miRNA-145) as possible markers for malignant transformation in oral mucosal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary whole unstimulated samples were collected from a study group of 100 subjects, consisting of 20 clinically healthy controls, 40 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) [20 with dysplastic lesions and 20 without dysplasia], 20 with biopsy-confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and 20 with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) as disease controls. Total RNA was isolated and purified from saliva samples using the microRNA Isolation Kit (Qiagen, UL). miRNA expression analysis was performed using qRT-PCR (Applied Biosystems). RESULTS There was a highly significant increase in salivary miRNA-21 and miRNA-184 in OSCC and PMD (with and without dysplasia) when compared to healthy and disease controls (P < 0.001). Conversely, miRNA-145 levels showed a highly significant decrease in OSCC and PMD overall (P < 0.001). RAS cases showed no significant difference from normal controls in any measured miRNA (P > 0.05). The only microRNA to discriminate between OSCC and PMD with dysplasia was miRNA-184. When receiver operating characteristic curves were designed for the three miRNAs, cutoff points delineating the occurrence of malignant change were a fourfold increase in miRNA-21 with specificity 65% and sensitivity 65%, a 0.6 decrease in miRNA-145, with specificity 70% and sensitivity 60%, and a threefold increase of miRNA-184, with specificity 75% and sensitivity 80%. Calculating the area under the curve revealed that miRNA-184 was the only one among the studied miRNAs that provided good diagnostic value. CONCLUSION Salivary determination of the miRNAs tested might furnish a noninvasive, rapid adjunctive aid for revealing malignant transformation in oral mucosal lesions, particularly miRNA-184.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zahran
- Division of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D Ghalwash
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - O Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - K Al-Johani
- Division of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Scully
- Emeritus Professor, UCL, London, UK
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Varoni E, Decani S, Franchini R, Baruzzi E, Lodi G. Macchie bianche o leucoplachia? Quando preoccuparsi? DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Automated classification of oral premalignant lesions using image cytometry and Random Forests-based algorithms. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:193-202. [PMID: 24817187 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A major challenge for the early diagnosis of oral cancer is the ability to differentiate oral premalignant lesions (OPL) at high risk of progressing into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from those at low risk. Our group has previously used high-resolution image analysis algorithms to quantify the nuclear phenotypic changes occurring in OPLs. This approach, however, requires a manual selection of nuclei images. Here, we investigated a new, semi-automated algorithm to identify OPLs at high risk of progressing into invasive SCC from those at low risk using Random Forests, a tree-based ensemble classifier. METHODS We trained a sequence of classifiers using morphometric data calculated on nuclei from 29 normal, 5 carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 28 SCC specimens. After automated discrimination of nuclei from other objects (i.e., debris, clusters, etc.), a nuclei classifier was trained to discriminate abnormal nuclei (8,841) from normal nuclei (5,762). We extracted voting scores from this trained classifier and created an automated nuclear phenotypic score (aNPS) to identify OPLs at high risk of progression. RESULTS The new algorithm showed a correct classification rate of 80% (80.6% sensitivity, 79.3% specificity) at the cellular level for the test set, and a correct classification rate of 75% (77.8% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity) at the tissue level with a negative predictive value of 76% and a positive predictive value of 74% for predicting progression among 71 OPLs, performed on par with the manual method in our previous study. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the newly developed aNPS algorithm serves as a crucial asset in the implementation of high-resolution image analysis in routine clinical pathology practice to identify lesions that require molecular evaluation or more frequent follow-up.
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