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Shaikh MH, Dawson A, Prokopec SD, Barrett JW, Y F Zeng P, Khan MI, Ryan SEB, Cecchini M, Palma DA, Mymryk JS, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. Loss of LRP1B expression drives acquired chemo and radio-resistance in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2023; 146:106580. [PMID: 37778229 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients typically experience excellent survival, 15-20 % of patients recur after treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers of treatment failure to guide treatment intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole genome sequencing was carried out on HPV+OPSCC patients who were primarily treated with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin) and radiation. We then explored whether the loss of LRP1Bwas sufficient to drive an aggressive phenotype, and promote a resistance to cisplatin and radiation therapy both in vitro using HPV+ cell lines (93VU147T, UMSCC47, UWO37 and UWO23) and in vivo. RESULTS Through integrative genomic analysis of three HPV+OPSCC tumour datasets, we identified that deletion of LRP1B was enriched in samples that recurred following chemo-radiation. Knockdown using siRNA in four HPV+ cell lines (UWO23, UWO37, UMSCC47 and 93VU147T) resulted in increased proliferation of all cases. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of LRP1B in the same cell line panel demonstrated increased proliferation, clonogenic growth and migration, as well as resistance to both cisplatin and radiation in LRP1B deleted cells compared to their respective non-targeting control cells. Cell line derived xenograft studies indicated that the LRP1B knockout tumours were more resistant to cisplatin and radiation therapy compared to their controls invivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our work implicates LRP1B deletion as a potential biomarker for identifying treatment resistant HPV+ OPSCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq H Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Dawson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E B Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Modic Z, Cemazar M, Markelc B, Cör A, Sersa G, Kranjc Brezar S, Jesenko T. HPV-positive murine oral squamous cell carcinoma: development and characterization of a new mouse tumor model for immunological studies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:376. [PMID: 37296466 PMCID: PMC10257320 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains is one of the risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Some patients with HPV-positive OSCC have a better prognosis and respond better to various treatment modalities, including radiotherapy or immunotherapy. However, since HPV can only infect human cells, there are only a few immunocompetent mouse models available that enable immunological studies. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop a transplantable immunocompetent mouse model of HPV-positive OSCC and characterize it in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Two monoclonal HPV-positive OSCC mouse cell lines were established by inducing the expression of HPV-16 oncogenes E6 and E7 in the MOC1 OSCC cell line using retroviral transduction. After confirming stable expression of HPV-16 E6 and E7 with quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining, the cell lines were further characterized in vitro using proliferation assay, wound healing assay, clonogenic assay and RNA sequencing. In addition, tumor models were characterized in vivo in C57Bl/6NCrl mice in terms of their histological properties, tumor growth kinetics, and radiosensitivity. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining of blood vessels, hypoxic areas, proliferating cells and immune cells was performed to characterize the tumor microenvironment of all three tumor models. RESULTS Characterization of the resulting MOC1-HPV cell lines and tumor models confirmed stable expression of HPV-16 oncogenes and differences in cell morphology, in vitro migration capacity, and tumor microenvironment characteristics. Although the cell lines did not differ in their intrinsic radiosensitivity, one of the HPV-positive tumor models, MOC1-HPV K1, showed a significantly longer growth delay after irradiation with a single dose of 15 Gy compared to parental MOC1 tumors. Consistent with this, MOC1-HPV K1 tumors had a lower percentage of hypoxic tumor area and a higher percentage of proliferating cells. Characteristics of the newly developed HPV-positive OSCC tumor models correlate with the transcriptomic profile of MOC1-HPV cell lines. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we developed and characterized a novel immunocompetent mouse model of HPV-positive OSCC that exhibits increased radiosensitivity and enables studies of immune-based treatment approaches in HPV-positive OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziva Modic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Cör
- Department of Research, Valdoltra Orthopedic Hospital, Jadranska cesta 31, Ankaran, Slovenia
- Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, Cankarjeva pot 5, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jesenko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Hamidavi Asl A, Shirkhoda M, Saffar H, Allameh A. Analysis of H-ras Mutations and Immunohistochemistry in Recurrence Cases of High-Grade Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:347-354. [PMID: 36374444 PMCID: PMC10293525 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is focused on the identification of gene mutations in H-ras which are probably associated with tumor recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) following conventional therapy. METHODS Surgically removed biopsies from OSCC patients without recurrence (n = 43) and biopsies from recurrent cases (n = 19) were analyzed. Also, gingival tissues (n = 5) from normal individuals were processed and considered as control. DNA was extracted and amplified using primers for exons 1 and 2 for the H-ras gene, and then DNA products were analyzed using Sanger's sequencing technique. Besides, H-ras expression was compared in samples by immunostaining (IHC), using anti-ras antibody. RESULTS Demographic data show that smoking habit in patients and recurrent tumors was ~ 44.1 and 78%, respectively. The major site of malignancy was tongue tissue (40-60%). The rate of pathological stage III/IV were 41.8 and 100% in primary tumors and recurrence malignancy respectively. The sequencing data showed that a specific mutation in H-ras gene, Gly12Ala (G6266A) in recurrence samples and primary cases was detected in ~ 66.6% and 10% respectively. Accumulation of H-ras protein in tissues was relatively high scores (> 5) in both primary and recurrence tumors. The H-ras mutation detected was associated with increased level of H-ras protein accumulated in the malignant cells (IHC data). CONCLUSION These data may suggest that regardless of the causes and factors involved, Gly12Ala (G6266A) is associated with recurrence in high-grade OSCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Hamidavi Asl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, POB, 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirkhoda
- Cancer Research Center of Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Cancer Research Center of Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, POB, 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
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Katirachi SK, Grønlund MP, Jakobsen KK, Grønhøj C, von Buchwald C. The Prevalence of HPV in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020451. [PMID: 36851665 PMCID: PMC9964223 DOI: 10.3390/v15020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important risk factor in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), but the association with oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of HPV infection in OCSCC. A systematic search on PubMed and EMBASE was performed, including articles assessing the prevalence of HPV-positive (HPV+) OCSCC published from January 2017 to December 2022. OCSCC was considered HPV+ by the detection of HPV DNA, HPV RNA, and/or p16 overexpression in the tumor mass. A meta-analysis was made determining the overall HPV+ OCSCC prevalence. We included 31 studies comprising 5007 patients from 24 countries. The study size ranged from 17 to 940 patients. The HPV+ OCSCC proportion variated widely and ranged from 0% to 37%. Tumors in the tongue were the predominant sublocation for HPV in the oral cavity. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall HPV+ OCSCC prevalence is 6% (95% CI; 3-10%), and only one study found HPV and OCSCC significantly associated. Thus, HPV may not be a necessary or a strong risk factor in OCSCC oncogenesis, and the possibility of a site misclassification of a mobile tongue with the root of the tongue cannot be excluded.
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Varoni EM, Lombardi N, Franchini R, D'Amore F, Noviello V, Cassani B, Moneghini L, Sardella A, Lodi G. Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and sexual behaviors in a young cohort of oral cancer survivors. Oral Dis 2020; 27:919-923. [PMID: 32871033 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Franchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Amore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Noviello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, Citogenetica e Patologia Molecolare, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Moneghini
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, Citogenetica e Patologia Molecolare, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cesaro S, Tsvetkova V, Traverso G, Cassaro M, Rugge M. Papilloma virus infection in oral malignancies: An Italian experience. Indian J Cancer 2019; 56:279-280. [PMID: 31389398 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_373_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cesaro
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Vassilena Tsvetkova
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Traverso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Cassaro
- Department of Pathology, ULSS 6, Camposampiero Hospital, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova; Veneto Cancer Registry, Veneto Region, Italy
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Pan C, Izreig S, Yarbrough WG, Issaeva N. NSD1 mutations by HPV status in head and neck cancer: differences in survival and response to DNA-damaging agents. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2019; 4:3. [PMID: 31321084 PMCID: PMC6613249 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-019-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Compared to HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), HPV-positive HNSCCs are associated with a favorable prognosis in part due to their improved treatment sensitivity. Inactivating mutations in NSD1 were shown to be a favorable prognostic biomarker in laryngeal cancers. Here, we characterize NSD1 mutations from the expanded The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC cohort (n = 522) and examine their prognostic implications based on HPV status of the tumor. We also begin to examine if NSD1 regulates response to platinum-based drugs and other DNA-damaging agents. Methods TCGA HNSCC samples were segregated by HPV and NSD1 mutations using cBioPortal and patient survival was determined. Pathogenicity of mutations was predicted using UMD-Predictor. NSD1-depleted cell lines were established by transfection with control or shRNAs against NSD1, followed by puromycin selection, and confirmed by qRT-PCR. Cell sensitivity to DNA damaging agents was assessed using short-term proliferation and long-term clonogenic survival assays. Results Among 457 HPV(-) tumors, 13% contained alterations in the NSD1 gene. The majority (61.3%) of NSD1 gene alterations in HPV(-) specimens were truncating mutations within or before the enzymatic SET domain. The remaining alterations included homozygous gene deletions (6.7%), missense point mutations (30.7%) and inframe deletions (1.3%). UMD-Predictor categorized 18 of 23 missense point mutations as pathogenic. For HPV(+) HNSCC (n = 65), 6 NSD1 mutations, comprised of two truncating (33%) and 4 missense point (66%) mutations, were identified. Three of the 4 missense point mutations were predicted to be pathogenic or probably pathogenic by UMD-Predictor. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined significantly improved survival of HPV(-) HNSCC patients whose tumors harbored NSD1 gene alterations, as compared to patients with wild-type NSD1 tumors. Interestingly, the survival effect of NSD1 mutations observed in HPV-negative HNSCC was reversed in HPV(+) tumors. Proliferation and clonogenic survival of two HPV(-) cell lines stably expressing control or NSD1 shRNAs showed that NSD1-depleted cells were more sensitive to cisplatin and carboplatin, but not to other DNA damaging drugs. Conclusions Genetic alterations in NSD1 hold potential as novel prognostic biomarkers in HPV(-) head and neck cancers. NSD1 mutations in HPV(+) cancers may also play a prognostic role, although this effect must be examined in a larger cohort. NSD1 downregulation results in improved sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin, but not to other DNA-damaging agents, in epithelial cells. Increased sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy agents associated with NSD1 depletion may contribute to improved survival in HPV(-) HNSCCs. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms through which NSD1 protects HPV(-) HNSCC cells from platinum-based therapy, as well as confirmation of NSD1 effect in HPV(+) HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pan
- 1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Said Izreig
- 1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- 2Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070 USA.,3Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- 2Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070 USA.,3Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Sharma U, Singhal P, Bandil K, Patle R, Kumar A, Neyaz K, Bose S, Kumar Dewan A, Mehrotra R, Sharma V, Bharadwaj M. Genetic variations of TLRs and their association with HPV/EBV, co-infection along with nicotine exposure in the development of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity in Indian population. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 61:38-49. [PMID: 31129425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being most preventable malignancies associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco products, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common malignancy in India. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TLRs in oral pre-cancerous, cancerous cases and their genotypic correlation with HPV/EBV, co-infection & lifestyle habits in Indian population. METHODS The present study was conducted on 300 subjects (100 OSCC, 50 pre-cancer & 150 controls). The amplification of TLRs gene and HPV/EBV co-infection was assessed by Nested PCR, PCR-RFLP and further confirmation by direct sequencing. RESULTS The TLR 9(-1486 T/C), revealed that the TT vs. CT + CC genotype had a ˜5-fold increased risk for the development of pre-cancerous lesions as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the risk of cancer was extremely pronounced in HPV/EBV, co-infection (p = 0.0141), implicating the possible interaction between TLR 9(-1486T/C) genotype and HPV infection in increasing cancer/pre-cancer risk. The 'G' allele of TLR 4(+896A/G) was also a higher risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions with 4.5 fold and statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The genotypic association of TLR 9(-1486T/C) in OSMF cases showed ˜8 fold increased risk and TLR 4(+896A/G) showed fourteen fold higher risk for leukoplakia (p < 0.0001, OR = 14.000). CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphism of TLR 9(-1486 T/C) and TLR 4(+896A/G) may influence the effects of HPV/EBV, co-infection and play the significant role in development of the disease. The significance of these TLRs seemed to be enhanced by tobacco chewing and smoking habits also, which act as an important etiological risk factor for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Sharma
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pallavi Singhal
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Kapil Bandil
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Rajeshwar Patle
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausar Neyaz
- Human Diagnostics R & D, DSS Imagetech Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Surojit Bose
- Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dewan
- Department of Surgical Oncology & Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India.
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Tan FH, Bai Y, Saintigny P, Darido C. mTOR Signalling in Head and Neck Cancer: Heads Up. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040333. [PMID: 30970654 PMCID: PMC6523933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is a central regulator of metabolism in all cells. It senses intracellular and extracellular signals and nutrient levels, and coordinates the metabolic requirements for cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Genetic alterations that deregulate mTOR signalling lead to metabolic reprogramming, resulting in the development of several cancers including those of the head and neck. Gain-of-function mutations in EGFR, PIK3CA, and HRAS, or loss-of-function in p53 and PTEN are often associated with mTOR hyperactivation, whereas mutations identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset that potentially lead to aberrant mTOR signalling are found in the EIF4G1, PLD1, RAC1, and SZT2 genes. In this review, we discuss how these mutant genes could affect mTOR signalling and highlight their impact on metabolic processes, as well as suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention, primarily in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Tan
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Charbel Darido
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Pan C, Issaeva N, Yarbrough WG. HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer: current knowledge of molecular biology and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2018; 3:12. [PMID: 31093365 PMCID: PMC6460765 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-018-0039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has significantly progressed over the last decades, and the concept that this disease can be subdivided into two distinct entities based on human papilloma virus (HPV) status has gained acceptance. To combat the constantly growing epidemic of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer, further investigation and characterization the unique features of the disease, along with the development and implementation of new, targeted therapies, is crucial. In this review, we summarize the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and molecular characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pan
- 1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- 2Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- 2Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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