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Jiang W, Wang Y, Cao Z, Chen Y, Si C, Sun X, Huang S. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in periodontitis: From mechanisms to therapeutic strategy. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:853-863. [PMID: 37332252 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease of tooth-supporting tissue and has become the leading cause of adult tooth loss. The most central pathological features of periodontitis are tissue damage and inflammatory reaction. As the energy metabolism center of eukaryotic cells, mitochondrion plays a notable role in various processes, such as cell function and inflammatory response. When the intracellular homeostasis of mitochondrion is disrupted, it can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and inability to generate adequate energy to maintain basic cellular biochemical reactions. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the initiation and development of periodontitis. The excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, imbalance of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial DNA damage can all affect the development and progression of periodontitis. Thus, targeted mitochondrial therapy is potentially promising in periodontitis treatment. In this review, we summarize the above mitochondrial mechanism in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and discuss some potential approaches that can exert therapeutic effects on periodontitis by modulating mitochondrial activity. The understanding and summary of mitochondrial dysfunction in periodontitis might provide new research directions for pathological intervention or treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jiang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zelin Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenli Si
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu J, Wang X, Xue F, Zheng M, Luan Q. Abnormal mitochondrial structure and function are retained in gingival tissues and human gingival fibroblasts from patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:94-103. [PMID: 34826335 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The abnormal structure and function of mitochondria in cells is closely associated with inflammatory diseases. However, the physiology of mitochondria within gingival tissues and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the structure profile and function of mitochondria in gingival tissues and in HGFs derived from patients with or without CP. These features of mitochondria in HGFs were further analyzed when HGFs were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g). METHODS Gingival tissues and HGFs were collected from CP and healthy patients. Mitochondrial structure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Tissues or cells lysis was performed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantification, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were used to determine mtDNA copy numbers. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate autophagy-related protein (ATG)-5, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), and mitochondrial matrix protein pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 2 (PDK2) levels in tissues and HGFs from CP and healthy individuals. RESULTS Tissues and HGFs from CP showed a significant greater mitochondrial structure destruction, lower mtDNA level, increased ATG5, LC3-II, and lower PDK2 protein levels than those of healthy individuals. In addition, LPS from P.g also triggered the same results in HGFs from healthy donors. Moreover, the challenge of HGFs from CP with LPS worsened these parameters. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial structure and function within gingival tissues and HGFs from CP individuals were abnormal compared to those from healthy donors, and LPS could promote mitochondrial destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Portes J, Bullón B, Quiles JL, Battino M, Bullón P. Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis Share Intracellular Disorders as the Main Meeting Point. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092411. [PMID: 34572060 PMCID: PMC8467361 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and periodontitis are two of the most prevalent diseases worldwide that negatively impact the quality of life of the individual suffering from them. They are part of the chronic inflammatory disease group or, as recently mentioned, non-communicable diseases, with inflammation being the meeting point among them. Inflammation hitherto includes vascular and tissue changes, but new technologies provide data at the intracellular level that could explain how the cells respond to the aggression more clearly. This review aims to emphasize the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, which are marked by different impaired central regulators including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired immune system and autophagy pathways, oxidative stress, and the crosstalk between adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). All of them are the shared background behind both diseases that could explain its relationship. These should be taken in consideration if we would like to improve the treatment outcomes. Currently, the main treatment strategies in diabetes try to reduce glycemia index as the most important aspect, and in periodontitis try to reduce the presence of oral bacteria. We propose to add to the therapeutic guidelines the handling of all the intracellular disorders to try to obtain better treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Portes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatriz Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (B.B.)
| | - José Luis Quiles
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Physiology, University Campus of Cartuja, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, C/Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Tronto 10A, 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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