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Barrero A, Traba J, Tarjuelo R. Increased density of conspecifics caused niche contraction in a multispecific passerine assemblage. Ecology 2024; 105:e4296. [PMID: 38527496 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Competition is a prominent mechanism driving population dynamics and structuring community assemblage, which can be investigated by linking shifts in species' ecological niche and the densities of sympatric species because the ecological release from competitive constraints is a density-dependent process. In this work we determine how a steppe passerine community segregates their ecological niches and evaluate the role of competition in inducing changes in the ecological niche of species. We built multidimensional ecological niches (with Gaussian kernel density estimators) using data on the habitat features used by 10 bird species collected from seven sites in the natural steppes of Central Spain over 2 consecutive years. We computed distance and niche similarity metrics to explore the ecological niche partitioning of the bird community. Next, we ran multivariate linear regression models to evaluate the effects of conspecific and heterospecific density (as proxies of intraspecific and interspecific competition, respectively) on niche breadth and/or position of the three most abundant species. We found low niche overlap in the community assemblage but varying levels of niche similarity among pairs of species, which could increase the likelihood of current competition operating in the community. However, we found no effect of heterospecific density on niche breadth or position, although conspecific density was negatively related to niche breadth. Contrary to predictions of competition theory, increased density of conspecifics caused niche contraction. Our results from a multispecies system contribute to advanced knowledge of the biotic mechanisms structuring wildlife communities within the framework of ecological niche theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Barrero
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (TEG-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Traba
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (TEG-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Tarjuelo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (iuFOR), Universidad de Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
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2
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Tasser E, Unterthurner B, Agreiter A, Gerstgrasser L, Giardino M, Tappeiner U, Walde J, Rüdisser J. Drivers of spatio-temporal population dynamics of game species in a mountain landscape. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2740. [PMID: 38302587 PMCID: PMC10834489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the end of the nineteenth century, socio-economic changes have greatly altered the Central European landscape and the structural and functional quality of habitats. Urban sprawl areas have appeared, a reduction of multiple forest uses has resulted in the densification of forests and agricultural land use has changed fundamentally through specialisation and intensification. Many of these changes affect biodiversity. To determine the important drivers of spatio-temporal dynamics of the population of 28 game species, we first considered a total of 130 potential explanatory variables. Second, we aggregated the main drivers of single-species models for habitat guilds. Third, we evaluated the results to aid in the development and implementation of mitigation measures for different ecoregions. We used harvest data as a surrogate for population density from 1875 to 2014 in South Tyrol, Italy. In generalised linear models, we used environmental characteristics such as climate, landscape diversity and structures, land cover, hunting, wildlife diseases, competition and predation, land-use type, and intensity (including pesticide use) as explanatory variables to predict the spatio-temporal dynamics of game species. The important drivers are land use and management changes (intensification in the agriculturally favourable areas, extensification or abandonment in the unfavourable areas) as well as associated changes in the landscape features, diversity and structure, and hunting management. Climatic variables, interspecific competition and diseases only play a subordinate role. The dynamics of the habitat guilds and their drivers provide concrete indications for measures to maintain or improve the habitat quality for the investigated species. Particularly important are transfer payments to ensure extensive agricultural use, increasingly through the takeover of personnel costs, but also for the installation of an independent body that monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of the measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Tasser
- Eurac Research, Institute of Alpine Environment, Drususallee 1, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy.
| | - Birgith Unterthurner
- Eurac Research, Institute of Alpine Environment, Drususallee 1, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy
- South Tyrolian Hunting Association, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Agreiter
- Office for Hunting and Fisheries, Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Giardino
- Eurac Research, Institute of Alpine Environment, Drususallee 1, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Ulrike Tappeiner
- Eurac Research, Institute of Alpine Environment, Drususallee 1, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janette Walde
- Department of Statistics, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Barrero A, Ovaskainen O, Traba J, Gómez‐Catasús J. Co‐occurrence patterns in a steppe bird community: insights into the role of dominance and competition. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Barrero
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Dept of Ecology, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid (TEG-UAM) Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid (CIBC‐UAM) Madrid Spain
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Science, Univ. of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Univ. of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Juan Traba
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Dept of Ecology, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid (TEG-UAM) Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid (CIBC‐UAM) Madrid Spain
| | - Julia Gómez‐Catasús
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Dept of Ecology, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid (TEG-UAM) Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid (CIBC‐UAM) Madrid Spain
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4
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Marino A, Rodríguez V. Competitive exclusion and herbivore management in a context of livestock‐wildlife conflict. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marino
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC) Centro Nacional Patagónico‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Bvd. Brown Puerto Madryn CP U9120 ACD Argentina
| | - Victoria Rodríguez
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC) Centro Nacional Patagónico‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Bvd. Brown Puerto Madryn CP U9120 ACD Argentina
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Wells HBM, Crego RD, Ekadeli J, Namoni M, Kimuyu DM, Odadi WO, Porensky LM, Dougill AJ, Stringer LC, Young TP. Less Is More: Lowering Cattle Stocking Rates Enhances Wild Herbivore Habitat Use and Cattle Foraging Efficiency. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.825689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a quarter of the world’s land surface is grazed by cattle and other livestock, which are replacing wild herbivores and widely regarded as drivers of global biodiversity declines. The effects of livestock presence versus absence on wild herbivores are well documented. However, the environmental context-specific effects of cattle stocking rate on biodiversity and livestock production are poorly understood, precluding nuanced rangeland management recommendations. To address this, we used a long term exclosure experiment in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem in central Kenya that selectively excludes cattle (at different stocking rates), wild mesoherbivores, and megaherbivores. We investigated the individual and interactive effects of cattle stocking rate (zero/moderate/high) and megaherbivore (>1,000 kg) accessibility on habitat use (measured as dung density) by two dominant wild mesoherbivores (50–1,000 kg; zebra Equus quagga and eland Taurotragus oryx) across the “wet” and “dry” seasons. To explore potential tradeoffs or co-benefits between cattle production and wildlife conservation, we tested for individual and interactive effects of cattle stocking rate and accessibility by wild mesoherbivores and megaherbivores (collectively, large wild herbivores) on the foraging efficiency of cattle across both seasons. Eland habitat use was reduced by cattle at moderate and high stocking rates across both dry and wet seasons and regardless of megaherbivore accessibility. We observed a positive effect of megaherbivores on zebra habitat use at moderate, but not high, stocking rates. Cattle foraging efficiency (g dry matter step–1 min–1) was lower in the high compared to moderate stocking rate treatments during the dry season, and was non-additively reduced by wild mesoherbivores and high cattle stocking rates during the wet season. These results show that high stocking rates are detrimental to wild mesoherbivore habitat use and cattle foraging efficiency, while reducing to moderate stocking rates can benefit zebra habitat use and cattle foraging efficiency. Our findings demonstrate that ecosystem management and restoration efforts across African rangelands that involve reducing cattle stocking rates may represent a win-win for wild herbivore conservation and individual performance of livestock.
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Behavioural Indicators of Intra- and Inter-Specific Competition: Sheep Co-Grazing with Guanaco in the Patagonian Steppe. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113333. [PMID: 34828064 PMCID: PMC8614449 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In extensive livestock ranching, where animals are maintained at high numbers, competition between individuals is expected, but not generally assumed. To compensate for reduced food availability, herbivores modify their feeding behaviour, which can be used as an indicator of competition. We investigated behavioural changes of domestic sheep in Chilean Patagonia in response to herd size, food availability, and the presence of a wild competitor, the guanaco, considered a problem for sheep production by ranchers. Large sheep herds were associated with a decrease in sheep grazing, while food availability increased time spent feeding. Guanaco had no effect on sheep behaviours. Behavioural changes were mostly associated with competition between individual sheep and not with guanaco. We suggest that to improve sheep production, ranchers should focus on sheep management at appropriate herd sizes according to grassland capacities. Abstract In extensive livestock production, high densities may inhibit regulation processes, maintaining high levels of intraspecific competition over time. During competition, individuals typically modify their behaviours, particularly feeding and bite rates, which can therefore be used as indicators of competition. Over eight consecutive seasons, we investigated if variation in herd density, food availability, and the presence of a potential competitor, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), was related with behavioural changes in domestic sheep in Chilean Patagonia. Focal sampling, instantaneous scan sampling, measures of bite and movement rates were used to quantify behavioural changes in domestic sheep. We found that food availability increased time spent feeding, while herd density was associated with an increase in vigilant behaviour and a decrease in bite rate, but only when food availability was low. Guanaco presence appeared to have no impact on sheep behaviour. Our results suggest that the observed behavioural changes in domestic sheep are more likely due to intraspecific competition rather than interspecific competition. Consideration of intraspecific competition where guanaco and sheep co-graze on pastures could allow management strategies to focus on herd density, according to rangeland carrying capacity.
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Carmona CP, Bueno CG, Toussaint A, Träger S, Díaz S, Moora M, Munson AD, Pärtel M, Zobel M, Tamme R. Fine-root traits in the global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature 2021; 597:683-687. [PMID: 34588667 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits determine how individual plants cope with heterogeneous environments. Despite large variability in individual traits, trait coordination and trade-offs1,2 result in some trait combinations being much more widespread than others, as revealed in the global spectrum of plant form and function (GSPFF3) and the root economics space (RES4) for aboveground and fine-root traits, respectively. Here we combine the traits that define both functional spaces. Our analysis confirms the major trends of the GSPFF and shows that the RES captures additional information. The four dimensions needed to explain the non-redundant information in the dataset can be summarized in an aboveground and a fine-root plane, corresponding to the GSPFF and the RES, respectively. Both planes display high levels of species aggregation, but the differentiation among growth forms, families and biomes is lower on the fine-root plane, which does not include any size-related trait, than on the aboveground plane. As a result, many species with similar fine-root syndromes display contrasting aboveground traits. This highlights the importance of including belowground organs to the GSPFF when exploring the interplay between different natural selection pressures and whole-plant trait integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aurele Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alison D Munson
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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9
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Pozo RA, Cusack JJ, Acebes P, Malo JE, Traba J, Iranzo EC, Morris-Trainor Z, Minderman J, Bunnefeld N, Radic-Schilling S, Moraga CA, Arriagada R, Corti P. Reconciling livestock production and wild herbivore conservation: challenges and opportunities. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:750-761. [PMID: 34103191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing food security and preventing further loss of biodiversity are two of humanity's most pressing challenges. Yet, efforts to address these challenges often lead to situations of conflict between the interests of agricultural production and those of biodiversity conservation. Here, we focus on conflicts between livestock production and the conservation of wild herbivores, which have received little attention in the scientific literature. We identify four key socio-ecological challenges underlying such conflicts, which we illustrate using a range of case studies. We argue that addressing these challenges will require the implementation of co-management approaches that promote the participation of relevant stakeholders in processes of ecological monitoring, impact assessment, decision-making, and active knowledge sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pozo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, 2260000, Chile.
| | - J J Cusack
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - P Acebes
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J E Malo
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J Traba
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - E C Iranzo
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Z Morris-Trainor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Minderman
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - N Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - S Radic-Schilling
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - C A Moraga
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; School of Natural Resources and Environment, and Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, University of Florida, FL, USA; Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego-Patagonia y Antártica (Fundación CEQUA), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - R Arriagada
- Department of Ecosystems and Environment, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Socioeconomic Impact of Environmental Policies (CESIEP), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR(2)), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Corti
- Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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10
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Wong MKL, Carmona CP. Including intraspecific trait variability to avoid distortion of functional diversity and ecological inference: Lessons from natural assemblages. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark K. L. Wong
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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11
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Carmona CP, Tamme R, Pärtel M, de Bello F, Brosse S, Capdevila P, González-M R, González-Suárez M, Salguero-Gómez R, Vásquez-Valderrama M, Toussaint A. Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabf2675. [PMID: 33771870 PMCID: PMC7997514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although one-quarter of plant and vertebrate species are threatened with extinction, little is known about the potential effect of extinctions on the global diversity of ecological strategies. Using trait and phylogenetic information for more than 75,000 species of vascular plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and freshwater fish, we characterized the global functional spectra of each of these groups. Mapping extinction risk within these spectra showed that larger species with slower pace of life are universally threatened. Simulated extinction scenarios exposed extensive internal reorganizations in the global functional spectra, which were larger than expected by chance for all groups, and particularly severe for mammals and amphibians. Considering the disproportionate importance of the largest species for ecological processes, our results emphasize the importance of actions to prevent the extinction of the megabiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación, CSIC-UV, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5 Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté stoce 1, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sébastien Brosse
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Pol Capdevila
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave., BS8 1TQ Bristol, UK
| | - Roy González-M
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Carrera 1 #16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuela González-Suárez
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Maribel Vásquez-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Concepción, Chile
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
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12
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González-M R, Posada JM, Carmona CP, Garzón F, Salinas V, Idárraga-Piedrahita Á, Pizano C, Avella A, López-Camacho R, Norden N, Nieto J, Medina SP, Rodríguez-M GM, Franke-Ante R, Torres AM, Jurado R, Cuadros H, Castaño-Naranjo A, García H, Salgado-Negret B. Diverging functional strategies but high sensitivity to an extreme drought in tropical dry forests. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:451-463. [PMID: 33316132 PMCID: PMC9292319 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought events have negative effects on forest diversity and functioning. At the species level, however, these effects are still unclear, as species vary in their response to drought through specific functional trait combinations. We used long-term demographic records of 21,821 trees and extensive databases of traits to understand the responses of 338 tropical dry forests tree species to ENSO2015 , the driest event in decades in Northern South America. Functional differences between species were related to the hydraulic safety-efficiency trade-off, but unexpectedly, dominant species were characterised by high investment in leaf and wood tissues regardless of their leaf phenological habit. Despite broad functional trait combinations, tree mortality was more widespread in the functional space than tree growth, where less adapted species showed more negative net biomass balances. Our results suggest that if dry conditions increase in this ecosystem, ecological functionality and biomass gain would be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy González-M
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan M Posada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Fabián Garzón
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Viviana Salinas
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahita
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario "Joaquín Antonio Uribe" (JAUM), Cll. 73 # 51D-14, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camila Pizano
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Icesi, Cll. 18 # 122-135 Pance, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Avella
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cr. 5 Este # 15-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - René López-Camacho
- Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cr. 5 Este # 15-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Nieto
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra P Medina
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gina M Rodríguez-M
- Fundación Ecosistemas Secos de Colombia, Cll. 5A, Bogotá, # 70C-31, Colombia
| | - Rebeca Franke-Ante
- Dirección Territorial Caribe, Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Cll. 17 # 4-06, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Alba M Torres
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valle, Cll. 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Rubén Jurado
- Asociación GAICA, Cll. 11A # 32-21, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Hermes Cuadros
- Programa de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Km. 7 vía Puerto, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Hernando García
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
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13
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Iranzo EC, Traba J, Mata C, Acebes P, Malo JE. Habitat structure and association with ungulates drive habitat selection and grouping behaviour of lesser rhea (
Rhea pennata
subsp.
pennata
). AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza C. Iranzo
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Edificio SaelzerCampus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
- Terrestrial Ecology Group‐TEG Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Traba
- Terrestrial Ecology Group‐TEG Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Mata
- Terrestrial Ecology Group‐TEG Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Acebes
- Terrestrial Ecology Group‐TEG Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan E. Malo
- Terrestrial Ecology Group‐TEG Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
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14
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Cappa FM, Giannoni SM, Ontiveros Y, Borghi CE. Direct and indirect effects of roads on activity patterns of the largest South American artiodactyl (Lama guanicoe) in a hyper-arid landscape. Mamm Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Carmona CP, de Bello F, Mason NWH, Lepš J. Trait probability density (TPD): measuring functional diversity across scales based on TPD with R. Ecology 2019; 100:e02876. [PMID: 31471976 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Functional diversity (FD) has the potential to address many ecological questions, from impacts of global change on biodiversity to ecological restoration. There are several methods estimating the different components of FD. However, most of these methods can only be computed at limited spatial scales and cannot account for intraspecific trait variability (ITV), despite its significant contribution to FD. Trait probability density (TPD) functions (which explicitly account for ITV) reflect the probabilistic nature of niches. By doing so, the TPD approach reconciles existing methods for estimating FD within a unifying framework, allowing FD to be partitioned seamlessly across multiple scales (from individuals to species, and from local to global scales), and accounting for ITV. We present methods to estimate TPD functions at different spatial scales and probabilistic implementations of several FD concepts, including the primary components of FD (functional richness, evenness, and divergence), functional redundancy, functional rarity, and solutions to decompose beta FD into nested and unique components. The TPD framework has the potential to unify and expand analyses of functional ecology across scales, capturing the probabilistic and multidimensional nature of FD. The R package TPD (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=TPD) will allow users to achieve more comparative results across regions and case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Norman W H Mason
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
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16
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Abstract
With the growing human population, and their improving wealth, it is predicted that there will be significant increases in demand for livestock products (mainly meat and milk). Recent years have demonstrated that the growth in livestock production has generally had significant impacts on wildlife worldwide; and these are, usually, negative. Here I review the interactions between livestock and wildlife and assess the mechanisms through which these interactions occur. The review is framed within the context of the socio-ecological system whereby people are as much a part of the interaction between livestock and wildlife as the animal species themselves. I highlight areas of interaction that are mediated through effects on the forage supply (vegetation) - neutral, positive and negative - however, the review broadly analyses the impacts of livestock production activities. The evidence suggests that it is not the interaction between the species themselves but the ancillary activities associated with livestock production (e.g. land use change, removal of predators, provision of water points) that are the major factors affecting the outcome for wildlife. So in future, there are two key issues that need to be addressed - first, we need to intensify livestock production in areas of 'intensive' livestock production in order to reduce the pressure for land use change to meet the demand for meat (land sparing). And second, if wildlife is to survive in areas where livestock production dominates, it will have to be the people part of the socio-ecological system that sees the benefits of having wildlife co-exist with livestock on farming lands (land sharing and win-win).
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17
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Iranzo EC, Wittmer HU, Traba J, Acebes P, Mata C, Malo JE. Predator occurrence and perceived predation risk determine grouping behavior in guanaco (Lama guanicoe
). Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza C. Iranzo
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-TEG, Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Heiko U. Wittmer
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Juan Traba
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-TEG, Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Acebes
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-TEG, Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Mata
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-TEG, Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Juan E. Malo
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-TEG, Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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18
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Diffusive dispersal in a growing ungulate population: guanaco expansion beyond the limits of protected areas. MAMMAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-017-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Herfindal I, Lande US, Solberg EJ, Rolandsen CM, Roer O, Wam HK. Weather affects temporal niche partitioning between moose and livestock. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Herfindal
- I. Herfindal , Dept of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Støbet Lande
- U. S. Lande, Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Inst. of Bioeconomy Research, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Erling Johan Solberg
- E. J. Solberg and C. M. Rolandsen, Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christer Moe Rolandsen
- E. J. Solberg and C. M. Rolandsen, Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Roer
- O. Roer, Faun Naturforvaltning AS, Fyresdal, Norway
| | - Hilde Karine Wam
- H. K. Wam, Div. of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Inst. of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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