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Vyatkin YA, Shakhparonov VV. Learning the native pond odor as one of the mechanisms of olfactory orientation in juvenile smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:57-63. [PMID: 37266670 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is an important mechanism of orientation in amphibians toward the breeding site. It is known that anurans can memorize the odor of the native pond during larval development and prefer this odor prior to the beginning of dispersion. However, such a mechanism in urodeles has not been studied yet. We conducted experiments on recognition of the odor of a native water body in juveniles of the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris. One group of larvae were reared in pure water (control), the other group in water with morpholine (10-7 mol/L). A few days after metamorphosis, the newts were tested under paired-choice conditions in a T-maze. A total of 73 newts from the experimental group and 47 newts from the control group were tested. The results of the experiment show that the newts in the experimental group preferred the morpholine solution, whereas the individuals of the control group made the choice randomly. We conclude that newts can learn the odor of the environment in which they developed and use this memory for orientation in later stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Aleksandrovich Vyatkin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, k.12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Vladimirovich Shakhparonov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, k.12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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2
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Libro P, Chiocchio A, De Rysky E, Di Martino J, Bisconti R, Castrignanò T, Canestrelli D. De novo transcriptome assembly and annotation for gene discovery in Salamandra salamandra at the larval stage. Sci Data 2023; 10:330. [PMID: 37244908 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a key process in ecology and evolutionary biology, as it shapes biodiversity patterns over space and time. Attitude to disperse is unevenly distributed among individuals within populations, and that individual personality can have pivotal roles in the shaping of this attitude. Here, we assembled and annotated the first de novo transcriptome of the head tissues of Salamandra salamandra from individuals, representative of distinct behavioral profiles. We obtained 1,153,432,918 reads, which were successfully assembled and annotated. The high-quality of the assembly was confirmed by three assembly validators. The alignment of contigs against the de novo transcriptome led to a mapping percentage higher than 94%. The homology annotation with DIAMOND led to 153,048 (blastx) and 95,942 (blastp) shared contigs, annotated on NR, Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL. The domain and site protein prediction led to 9850 GO-annotated contigs. This de novo transcriptome represents reliable reference for comparative gene expression studies between alternative behavioral types, for comparative gene expression studies within Salamandra, and for whole transcriptome and proteome studies in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Libro
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiocchio
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Erika De Rysky
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jessica Di Martino
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberta Bisconti
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Castrignanò
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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3
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Le Sage EH, Unkefer MK, Duncan SI, Cundiff JA, Rissler L, Crespi EJ. Neuroendocrine correlates of juvenile amphibian behaviors across a latitudinal cline. Horm Behav 2022; 146:105263. [PMID: 36155911 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the macrogeographic and neuroendocrine correlates of behavioral variation exhibited by juveniles, an important life stage for dispersal, across the expansive range of the wood frog. By rearing animals from eggs in a common garden then using a novel environment test, we uniquely demonstrated differential expression of juvenile behaviors among 16 populations spanning 8° latitude. On the individual level, cluster analysis indicated three major behavior profiles and principal component analysis resolved four unique axes of behavior, including escape, foraging, food intake, feeding efficiency. We found that increased escape behavior was associated with lower adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced circulating corticosterone (CORT) levels, however, foraging and food intake behaviors were not associated with either resting or ACTH-induced CORT. At the population level, the expression of foraging behaviors increased with latitude while food intake behaviors declined with latitude, which raised several hypotheses of eco-evolutionary processes likely driving this variation. Given that these behaviors covary along the same ecological gradient as locally adapted developmental traits, genomic studies in this species could provide deep insights into how HPA/I activity is associated with the eco-evolutionary processes that structure intraspecific variation in morphology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Le Sage
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Margaret K Unkefer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sarah I Duncan
- Department of Biology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer A Cundiff
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Leslie Rissler
- Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman WA, USA
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4
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Jreidini N, Green DM. Dispersal without drivers: Intrinsic and extrinsic variables have no impact on movement distances in a terrestrial amphibian. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9368. [PMID: 36203625 PMCID: PMC9526034 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive movements are often thought to be multicausal and driven by individual body size, sex, conspecific density, environmental variation, personality, and/or other variables. Yet such variables often do not account for most of the variation among dispersive movements in nature, leaving open the possibility that dispersion may be indeterministic. We assessed the amount of variation in 24 h movement distances that could be accounted for by potential drivers of displacement with a large empirical dataset of movement distances performed by Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) on the northern shore of Lake Erie at Long Point, Ontario (2002-2021, incl.). These toads are easy to sample repeatedly, can be identified individually and move parallel to the shoreline as they forage at night, potentially dispersing to new refuge sites. Using a linear mixed-effect model that incorporated random effect terms to account for sampling variance and inter-annual variation, we found that all potential intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of movement accounted for virtually none of the variation observed among 24 h distances moved by these animals, whether over short or large spatial scales. We examined the idea of movement personality by testing variance per individual toad and found no evidence of individuality in movement distances. We conclude that deterministic variables, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, neither can be shown to nor are necessary to drive movements in this population over all spatial scales. Stochastic, short time-scale movements, such as daily foraging movements, can instead accumulate over time to produce large spatial-scale movements that are dispersive in nature.
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Does Exposure to Predator Cues Influence Movement Behavior of Postmetamorphic Juvenile Rana aurora? J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1670/21-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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DiLeo MF, Nonaka E, Husby A, Saastamoinen M. Effects of environment and genotype on dispersal differ across departure, transfer and settlement in a butterfly metapopulation. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220322. [PMID: 35673865 PMCID: PMC9174707 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Active dispersal is driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors at the three stages of departure, transfer and settlement. Most empirical studies capture only one stage of this complex process, and knowledge of how much can be generalized from one stage to another remains unknown. Here we use genetic assignment tests to reconstruct dispersal across 5 years and 232 habitat patches of a Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation. We link individual dispersal events to weather, landscape structure, size and quality of habitat patches, and individual genotype to identify the factors that influence the three stages of dispersal and post-settlement survival. We found that nearly all tested factors strongly affected departure probabilities, but that the same factors explained very little variation in realized dispersal distances. Surprisingly, we found no effect of dispersal distance on post-settlement survival. Rather, survival was influenced by weather conditions, quality of the natal habitat patch, and a strong interaction between genotype and occupancy status of the settled habitat patch, with more mobile genotypes having higher survival as colonists rather than as immigrants. Our work highlights the multi-causality of dispersal and that some dispersal costs can only be understood by considering extrinsic and intrinsic factors and their interaction across the entire dispersal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. DiLeo
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arild Husby
- Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Burgess SM, Garrick RC. The effect of sampling density and study area size on landscape genetics inferences for the Mississippi slimy salamander ( Plethodon mississippi). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6289-6304. [PMID: 34141218 PMCID: PMC8207395 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In landscape genetics, it is largely unknown how choices regarding sampling density and study area size impact inferences upon which habitat features impede vs. facilitate gene flow. While it is recommended that sampling locations be spaced no further apart than the average individual's dispersal distance, for low-mobility species, this could lead to a challenging number of sampling locations, or an unrepresentative study area. We assessed the effects of sampling density and study area size on landscape genetic inferences for a dispersal-limited amphibian, Plethodon mississippi, via analysis of nested datasets. Microsatellite-based genetic distances among individuals were divided into three datasets representing sparse sampling across a large study area, dense sampling across a small study area, or sparse sampling across the same small study area. These datasets were a proxy for gene flow (i.e., the response variable) in maximum-likelihood population effects models that assessed the nature and strength of their relationship with each of five land-use classes (i.e., potential predictor variables). Comparisons of outcomes were based on the rank order of effect, sign of effect (i.e., gene flow resistance vs. facilitation), spatial scale of effect, and functional relationship with gene flow. The best-fit model for each dataset had the same sign of effect for hardwood forests, manmade structures, and pine forests, indicating the impacts of these land-use classes on dispersal and gene flow in P. mississippi are robust to sampling scheme. Contrasting sampling densities led to a different inferred functional relationship between agricultural areas and gene flow. Study area size appeared to influence the scale of effect of manmade structures and the sign of effect of pine forests. Our findings provided evidence for an influence of sampling density, study area size, and sampling effort upon inferences. Accordingly, we recommend iterative subsampling of empirical datasets and continued investigation into the sensitivities of landscape genetic analyses using simulations.
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Cayuela H, Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Teulier L, Martínez-Solano Í, Léna JP, Merilä J, Muths E, Shine R, Quay L, Denoël M, Clobert J, Schmidt BR. Determinants and Consequences of Dispersal in Vertebrates with Complex Life Cycles: A Review of Pond-Breeding Amphibians. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1086/707862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goossens S, Wybouw N, Van Leeuwen T, Bonte D. The physiology of movement. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32042434 PMCID: PMC7001223 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-0192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Movement, from foraging to migration, is known to be under the influence of the environment. The translation of environmental cues to individual movement decision making is determined by an individual's internal state and anticipated to balance costs and benefits. General body condition, metabolic and hormonal physiology mechanistically underpin this internal state. These physiological determinants are tightly, and often genetically linked with each other and hence central to a mechanistic understanding of movement. We here synthesise the available evidence of the physiological drivers and signatures of movement and review (1) how physiological state as measured in its most coarse way by body condition correlates with movement decisions during foraging, migration and dispersal, (2) how hormonal changes underlie changes in these movement strategies and (3) how these can be linked to molecular pathways. We reveale that a high body condition facilitates the efficiency of routine foraging, dispersal and migration. Dispersal decision making is, however, in some cases stimulated by a decreased individual condition. Many of the biotic and abiotic stressors that induce movement initiate a physiological cascade in vertebrates through the production of stress hormones. Movement is therefore associated with hormone levels in vertebrates but also insects, often in interaction with factors related to body or social condition. The underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms are currently studied in few model species, and show -in congruence with our insights on the role of body condition- a central role of energy metabolism during glycolysis, and the coupling with timing processes during migration. Molecular insights into the physiological basis of movement remain, however, highly refractory. We finalise this review with a critical reflection on the importance of these physiological feedbacks for a better mechanistic understanding of movement and its effects on ecological dynamics at all levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Goossens
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Winandy L, Cote J, Di Gesu L, Pellerin F, Trochet A, Legrand D. Local predation risk and matrix permeability interact to shape movement strategy. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurane Winandy
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Lucie Di Gesu
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Félix Pellerin
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Audrey Trochet
- CNRS, UMR5321, Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale >Moulis France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- CNRS, UMR5321, Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale >Moulis France
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Trochet A, Le Chevalier H, Calvez O, Ribéron A, Bertrand R, Blanchet S. Influence of substrate types and morphological traits on movement behavior in a toad and newt species. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6053. [PMID: 30643673 PMCID: PMC6330043 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inter-patch movements may lead to genetic mixing, decreasing both inbreeding and population extinction risks, and is hence a crucial aspect of amphibian meta-population dynamics. Traveling through heterogeneous landscapes might be particularly risky for amphibians. Understanding how these species perceive their environment and how they move in heterogeneous habitats is an essential step in explaining metapopulation dynamics and can be important for predicting species’ responses to climate change and for conservation policy and management. Methods Using an experimental approach, the present study focused on the movement behavior (crossing speed and number of stops) on different substrates mimicking landscape components (human-made and natural substrates) in two amphibian species contrasting in locomotion mode: the common toad (Bufo bufo), a hopping and burrowing anuran and the marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus), a walking salamander. We tested the hypothesis that species reaction to substrate is dependent on specific ecological requirements or locomotion modes because of morphological and behavioral differences. Results In both species, substrate type influenced individual crossing speed, with individuals moving faster on soil than on concrete substrate. We also demonstrated that long-legged individuals moved faster than individuals with short legs. In both species, the number of stops was higher in females than in males. In common toads, the number of stops did not vary between substrates tested, whereas in marbled newts the number of stops was higher on concrete than on soil substrate. Discussion We highlighted that concrete substrate (mimicking roads) negatively affect the crossing speed of both studied species, with an effect potentially higher in marbled newts. Our findings corroborate negative effects of such heterogeneous landscapes on movement behavior of two amphibian species, which may have implications for the dynamics of metapopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Trochet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse, France.,Station d'Ecologie Théorioque et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Hugo Le Chevalier
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse, France.,Station d'Ecologie Théorioque et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Olivier Calvez
- Station d'Ecologie Théorioque et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Alexandre Ribéron
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Bertrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorioque et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France.,Center for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse, France.,Station d'Ecologie Théorioque et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
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12
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Fine-scale genetic structure in a salamander with two reproductive modes: Does reproductive mode affect dispersal? Evol Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-018-9957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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