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Tiedemann R, Riesch R, Tomowski M, Havenstein K, Schlupp J, Berbel-Filho WM, Schlupp I. Genetic and phenotypic diversification in a widespread fish, the Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna). BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38951779 PMCID: PMC11218414 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Widespread species often experience significant environmental clines over the area they naturally occupy. We investigated a widespread livebearing fish, the Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) combining genetic, life-history, and environmental data, asking how structured populations are. Sailfin mollies can be found in coastal freshwater and brackish habitats from roughly Tampico, Veracruz in Mexico to Wilmington, North Carolina, in the USA. In addition, they are found inland on the Florida peninsula. Using microsatellite DNA, we genotyped 168 individuals from 18 populations covering most of the natural range of the Sailfin molly. We further determined standard life-history parameters for both males and females for these populations. Finally, we measured biotic and abiotic parameters in the field. We found six distinct genetic clusters based on microsatellite data, with very strong indication of isolation by distance. However, we also found significant numbers of migrants between adjacent populations. Despite genetic structuring we did not find evidence of cryptic speciation. The genetic clusters and the migration patterns do not match paleodrainages. Life histories vary between populations but not in a way that is easy to interpret. We suggest a role of humans in migration in the sailfin molly, for example in the form of a ship channel that connects southern Texas with Louisiana which might be a conduit for fish migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Maxi Tomowski
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Havenstein
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Schlupp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Amazon, amazon.com, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Waldir Miron Berbel-Filho
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- International Stock Center for Livebearing Fishes, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- International Stock Center for Livebearing Fishes, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Trait variation in a successful global invader: a large-scale analysis of morphological variance and integration in the brown trout. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Riesch R, Araújo MS, Bumgarner S, Filla C, Pennafort L, Goins TR, Lucion D, Makowicz AM, Martin RA, Pirroni S, Langerhans RB. Resource competition explains rare cannibalism in the wild in livebearing fishes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8872. [PMID: 35600676 PMCID: PMC9109233 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Márcio S. Araújo
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Stuart Bumgarner
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Caitlynn Filla
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Department of Anthropology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Laura Pennafort
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Taylor R. Goins
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Darlene Lucion
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Amber M. Makowicz
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Ryan A. Martin
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Sara Pirroni
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - R. Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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Shift towards Opportunistic Life-History of Sleeper in Response to Multi-Decadal Overfishing. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding long-term changes in life-history traits is central to assessing and managing freshwater fisheries. In this study, we explored how life-history traits have shifted in association with long-term change in population status for a native fish species (freshwater sleeper, Odontobutis sinensis, a by-catch species of shrimp traps) in the middle Yangtze lakes, China. We assessed the life-history traits of the species from Honghu Lake in 2016, where abundance had been dramatically lower following about 60 years of high fishing pressure, and made comparisons to similar data from Liangzi Lake (1957), when fishing intensity was low and abundance was high, and Bao’an Lake (1993–1994), when about 10 years of intense exploitation had occurred and abundance had greatly declined. Modern Honghu Lake sleeper exhibit life-history traits that are substantially more opportunistic compared to both of the historical populations. Modern fish were larger at age-1 and had significantly faster growth rates, a higher prevalence of sexually mature individuals and increased fecundities. Fish from the historical samples were larger and had higher age class diversity and delayed sexual maturation. Combined, the data suggest that faster growth towards early sexual maturation and reduced body sizes are associated with destabilized populations and ecosystems. Similar life-history patterns are common in other declined fish populations under exploitation. Recovering historic fish life-history dynamics requires conservation management policies aimed at reducing harvest and improving floodplain habitats.
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Vinterstare J, Ekelund Ugge GMO, Hulthén K, Hegg A, Brönmark C, Nilsson PA, Zellmer UR, Lee M, Pärssinen V, Sha Y, Björnerås C, Zhang H, Gollnisch R, Herzog SD, Hansson LA, Škerlep M, Hu N, Johansson E, Langerhans RB. Predation risk and the evolution of a vertebrate stress response: Parallel evolution of stress reactivity and sexual dimorphism. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1554-1567. [PMID: 34464014 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Predation risk is often invoked to explain variation in stress responses. Yet, the answers to several key questions remain elusive, including the following: (1) how predation risk influences the evolution of stress phenotypes, (2) the relative importance of environmental versus genetic factors in stress reactivity and (3) sexual dimorphism in stress physiology. To address these questions, we explored variation in stress reactivity (ventilation frequency) in a post-Pleistocene radiation of live-bearing fish, where Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) inhabit isolated blue holes that differ in predation risk. Individuals of populations coexisting with predators exhibited similar, relatively low stress reactivity as compared to low-predation populations. We suggest that this dampened stress reactivity has evolved to reduce energy expenditure in environments with frequent and intense stressors, such as piscivorous fish. Importantly, the magnitude of stress responses exhibited by fish from high-predation sites in the wild changed very little after two generations of laboratory rearing in the absence of predators. By comparison, low-predation populations exhibited greater among-population variation and larger changes subsequent to laboratory rearing. These low-predation populations appear to have evolved more dampened stress responses in blue holes with lower food availability. Moreover, females showed a lower ventilation frequency, and this sexual dimorphism was stronger in high-predation populations. This may reflect a greater premium placed on energy efficiency in live-bearing females, especially under high-predation risk where females show higher fecundities. Altogether, by demonstrating parallel adaptive divergence in stress reactivity, we highlight how energetic trade-offs may mould the evolution of the vertebrate stress response under varying predation risk and resource availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerker Vinterstare
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gustaf M O Ekelund Ugge
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Kaj Hulthén
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hegg
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer Brönmark
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Anders Nilsson
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ursula Ronja Zellmer
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lee
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Varpu Pärssinen
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yongcui Sha
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Björnerås
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Raphael Gollnisch
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon D Herzog
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Škerlep
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nan Hu
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Johansson
- Aquatic Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Randall Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences, W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Hulthén K, Hill JS, Jenkins MR, Langerhans RB. Predation and Resource Availability Interact to Drive Life-History Evolution in an Adaptive Radiation of Livebearing Fish. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.619277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation risk and resource availability are two primary factors predicted by theory to drive the evolution of life histories. Yet, disentangling their roles in life-history evolution in the wild is challenging because (1) the two factors often co-vary across environments, and (2) environmental effects on phenotypes can mask patterns of genotypic evolution. Here, we use the model system of the post-Pleistocene radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) inhabiting blue holes to provide a strong test of the roles of predation and resources in life-history evolution, as the two factors do not co-vary in this system and we attempted to minimize environmental effects by raising eight populations under common laboratory conditions. We tested a priori predictions of predation- and resource-driven evolution in five life-history traits. We found that life-history evolution in Bahamas mosquitofish largely reflected complex interactions in the effects of predation and resource availability. High predation risk has driven the evolution of higher fecundity, smaller offspring size, more frequent reproduction, and slower growth rate—but this predation-driven divergence primarily occurred in environments with relatively high resource availability, and the effects of resources on life-history evolution was generally greater within environments having high predation risk. This implies that resource-driven selection on life histories overrides selection from predators when resources are particularly scarce. While several results matched a priori predictions, with the added nuance of interdependence among selective agents, some did not. For instance, only resource levels, not predation risk, explained evolutionary change in male age at maturity, with more rapid sexual maturation in higher-resource environments. We also found faster (not slower) juvenile growth rates within low-resource and low-predation environments, probably caused by selection in these high-competition scenarios favoring greater growth efficiency. Our approach, using common-garden experiments with a natural system of low- and high-predation populations that span a continuum of resource availability, provides a powerful way to deepen our understanding of life-history evolution. Overall, it appears that life-history evolution in this adaptive radiation has resulted from a complex interplay between predation and resources, underscoring the need for increased attention on more sophisticated interactions among selective agents in driving phenotypic diversification.
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Pärssinen V, Hulthén K, Brönmark C, Björnerås C, Ekelund Ugge G, Gollnisch R, Hansson L, Herzog SD, Hu N, Johansson E, Lee M, Rengefors K, Sha Y, Škerlep M, Vinterstare J, Zhang H, Langerhans RB, Nilsson PA. Variation in predation regime drives sex‐specific differences in mosquitofish foraging behaviour. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaj Hulthén
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
| | | | | | - Gustaf Ekelund Ugge
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
- Univ. of Skövde, School of Bioscience Skövde Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Nan Hu
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
| | - Emma Johansson
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
| | - Marcus Lee
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
| | | | - Yongcui Sha
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
| | - Martin Škerlep
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
| | | | - Huan Zhang
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Hydrobiology Wuhan China
| | - R. Brian Langerhans
- North Carolina State Univ., Dept of Biological Sciences and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology Raleigh USA
| | - P. Anders Nilsson
- Lund Univ., Aquatic Ecology, Dept of Biology Lund Sweden
- Karlstad Univ., River Ecology and Management Research Group RivEM, Dept of Environmental and Life Sciences Karlstad Sweden
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Langerhans RB, Rosa-Molinar E. A Novel Body Plan Alters Diversification of Body Shape and Genitalia in Live-Bearing Fish. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.619232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major evolutionary innovations can greatly influence subsequent evolution. While many major transitions occurred in the deep past, male live-bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae) more recently evolved a novel body plan. This group possesses a three-region axial skeleton, with one region—the ano-urogenital region—representing a unique body region accommodating male genitalic structures (gonopodial complex). Here we evaluate several hypotheses for the evolution of diversity in this region and examine its role in the evolution of male body shape. Examining Gambusia fishes, we tested a priori predictions for (1) joint influence of gonopodial-complex traits on mating performance, (2) correlated evolution of gonopodial-complex traits at macro- and microevolutionary scales, and (3) predator-driven evolution of gonopodial-complex traits in a post-Pleistocene radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish. We found the length of the sperm-transfer organ (gonopodium) and its placement along the body (gonopodial anterior transposition) jointly influenced mating success, with correlational selection favoring particular trait combinations. Despite these two traits functionally interacting during mating, we found no evidence for their correlated evolution at macro- or microevolutionary scales. In contrast, we did uncover correlated evolution of modified vertebral hemal spines (part of the novel body region) and gonopodial anterior transposition at both evolutionary scales, matching predictions of developmental connections between these components. Developmental linkages in the ano-urogenital region apparently play key roles in evolutionary trajectories, but multiple selective agents likely act on gonopodium length and cause less predictable evolution. Within Bahamas mosquitofish, evolution of hemal-spine morphology, and gonopodial anterior transposition across predation regimes was quite predictable, with populations evolving under high predation risk showing more modified hemal spines with greater modifications and a more anteriorly positioned gonopodium. These changes in the ano-urogenital vertebral region have facilitated adaptive divergence in swimming abilities and body shape between predation regimes. Gonopodium surface area, but not length, evolved as predicted in Bahamas mosquitofish, consistent with a previously suggested tradeoff between natural and sexual selection on gonopodium size. These results provide insight into how restructured body plans offer novel evolutionary solutions. Here, a novel body region—originally evolved to aid sperm transfer—was apparently co-opted to alter whole-organism performance, facilitating phenotypic diversification.
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Yilmaz AR, Diamond SE, Martin RA. Evidence for the evolution of thermal tolerance, but not desiccation tolerance, in response to hotter, drier city conditions in a cosmopolitan, terrestrial isopod. Evol Appl 2021; 14:12-23. [PMID: 33519953 PMCID: PMC7819561 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities are often hotter and drier compared with nearby undeveloped areas, but how organisms respond to these multifarious stressors associated with urban heat islands is largely unknown. Terrestrial isopods are especially susceptible to temperature and aridity stress as they have retained highly permeable gills from their aquatic ancestors. We performed a two temperature common garden experiment with urban and rural populations of the terrestrial isopod, Oniscus asellus, to uncover evidence for plastic and evolutionary responses to urban heat islands. We focused on physiological tolerance traits including tolerance of heat, cold, and desiccation. We also examined body size responses to urban heat islands, as size can modulate physiological tolerances. We found that different mechanisms underlie responses to urban heat islands. While evidence suggests urban isopods may have evolved higher heat tolerance, urban and rural isopods had statistically indistinguishable cold and desiccation tolerances. In both populations, plasticity to warmer rearing temperature diminished cold tolerance. Although field-collected urban and rural isopods were the same size, rearing temperature positively affected body size. Finally, larger size improved desiccation tolerance, which itself was influenced by rearing temperature. Our study demonstrates how multifarious changes associated with urban heat islands will not necessarily contribute to contemporary evolution in each of the corresponding physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Yilmaz
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ryan A. Martin
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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