1
|
You J, Ganann R, Wilson M, Carusone SC, MacNeil M, Whitmore C, Dafel A, Dhamanaskar R, Ling E, Dingman L, Falbo AT, Kirk M, Luyckx J, Petrie P, Weldon D, Boothe K, Abelson J. Public Engagement in Health Policy-Making for Older Adults: A Systematic Search and Scoping Review. Health Expect 2024; 27:e70008. [PMID: 39188109 PMCID: PMC11347750 DOI: 10.1111/hex.70008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the world's population ages, there has been increasing attention to developing health policies to support older adults. Engaging older adults in policy-making is one way to ensure that policy decisions align with their needs and priorities. However, ageist stereotypes often underestimate older adults' ability to participate in such initiatives. This scoping review aims to describe the characteristics and impacts of public engagement initiatives designed to help inform health policy-making for older adults. METHODS A systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature (English only) describing public engagement initiatives in health policy-making for older adults was conducted using six electronic databases, Google and the Participedia website. No geographical, methodological or time restrictions were applied to the search. Eligibility criteria were purposefully broad to capture a wide array of relevant engagement initiatives. The outcomes of interest included participants, engagement methods and reported impacts. RESULTS This review included 38 papers. The majority of public engagement initiatives were funded or initiated by governments or government agencies as a formal activity to address policy issues, compared to initiatives without a clear link to a specific policy-making process (e.g., research projects). While most initiatives engaged older adults as target participants, there was limited reporting on efforts to achieve participant diversity. Consultation-type engagement activities were most prevalent, compared to deliberative and collaborative approaches. Impacts of public engagement were frequently reported without formal evaluations. Notably, a few articles reported negative impacts of such initiatives. CONCLUSION This review describes how public engagement practices have been conducted to help inform health policy-making for older adults and the documented impacts. The findings can assist policymakers, government staff, researchers and seniors' advocates in supporting the design and execution of public engagement initiatives in this policy sector. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Older adult partners from the McMaster University Collaborative for Health and Aging provided strategic advice throughout the key phases of this review, including developing a review protocol, data charting and synthesis and interpreting and presenting the review findings. This collaborative partnership was an essential aspect of this review, enhancing its relevance and meaningfulness for older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwa You
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI)McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | | | - Michael Wilson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
- McMaster Health ForumHamiltonCanada
| | - Soo Chan Carusone
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI)McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
- McMaster Collaborative for Health and AgingHamiltonCanada
| | | | | | - Andrea Dafel
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI)McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | - Roma Dhamanaskar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI)McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | - Eugenia Ling
- School of NursingMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | - Lance Dingman
- McMaster Collaborative for Health and AgingHamiltonCanada
| | - A. Tina Falbo
- McMaster Collaborative for Health and AgingHamiltonCanada
| | - Michael Kirk
- McMaster Collaborative for Health and AgingHamiltonCanada
| | - Joyce Luyckx
- McMaster Collaborative for Health and AgingHamiltonCanada
| | | | - Donna Weldon
- McMaster Collaborative for Health and AgingHamiltonCanada
| | - Katherine Boothe
- Department of Political ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA)McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | - Julia Abelson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI)McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA)McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jang SG, Lee W, Ha J, Choi S. Is physical restraint unethical and illegal?: a qualitative analysis of Korean written judgments. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:94. [PMID: 38311777 PMCID: PMC10838439 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical restraint (PR) is used to ensure the safety of care recipients. However, this causes an ethical dilemma between the autonomy and dignity of the recipients and the provision of effective treatment by health workers. This study aimed to analyze legal and ethical situations related to the use of PR using written judgments. METHODS This study uses a qualitative retrospective design. Qualitative content analysis was performed on South Korean written judgments. A total of 38 cases from 2015 to 2021 were categorized. The types of court decisions and ethical dilemma situations were examined according to the four principles of bioethics, and the courts' judgments were compared. RESULTS Written judgments related to PR were classified into three types according to the appropriateness of PR use, the presence or absence of duty of care, and legal negligence. Ethical dilemmas were categorized into three situations depending on whether the four principles of bioethics were followed. The courts' decisions regarding the ethical dilemmas differed depending on the situational factors before and after the use of PR and the conflicting conditions of the ethical principles. CONCLUSIONS Health workers should consider legal and ethical requirements when determining whether to use PR to provide the care recipient with the necessary treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Won Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ha
- Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Department of Nursing, Catholic Kwandong University, 24, Beomil-ro 579, 25601, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Liu L, Ding Y, Song Y, Chan HYL. Staff's experiences of a culturally specific DEmentia Competence Education for Nursing home Taskforce (DECENT) programme: A qualitative process evaluation. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:176-185. [PMID: 37431932 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To understand participants' experiences with a culturally specific DEmentia Competence Education for Nursing home Taskforce programme within the contexts which was delivered. DESIGN An exploratory descriptive qualitative approach. METHODS Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted within one week with the participants upon their completion of the programme from July 2020 to January 2021. A purposive sample of participants with different demographic characteristics in five nursing homes was recruited to maximize the sample variation. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim for qualitative content analysis. Participation was on voluntary and anonymous basis. RESULTS Four major themes were identified, including perceived benefits of the programme (i.e., enhanced sensitivity to the needs of residents with dementia, increased communication with families of residents with dementia, facilitated guidance on care for residents with dementia), facilitators (i.e., comprehensive content, active learning, qualified trainer, intrinsic motivation and organizational support), barriers (i.e., busy working schedules, discrimination against care assistants' learning capability) and suggestions for improvement. CONCLUSION The results suggested the acceptability of the programme. The participants positively appraised the programme in enhancing their dementia-care competence. The facilitators, barriers and suggestions identified provide insights on improving programme implementation. IMPACT The qualitative findings from the process evaluation are pertinent to support the sustainability of dementia competence programme in nursing home setting. Future studies could address the modifiable barriers to enhance its effectiveness. REPORTING METHOD This study was reported in adherence to the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitatve studies (COREQ) checklist. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Nursing-home staff was involved in intervention development and delivery. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/POLICY The educational programme could be integrated into the routine practice in nursing homes to improve staff's dementia-care competence. More attention should be paid on the educational needs of the taskforce when implementing the educational programme in nursing homes. Organizational support is the precondition for the educational programme and cultivates a culture for practice change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yaping Ding
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yulei Song
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Helen Y L Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siegrist‐Dreier S, Thomann S, Barbezat I, Richter D, Schmitt K, Hahn S. Experience of patients with restraints in acute care hospitals and the view of their relatives: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2023; 10:7224-7232. [PMID: 37612841 PMCID: PMC10563431 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the experiences of patients and relatives with any form of restraints in somatic acute care hospitals. DESIGN Qualitative explorative design. METHODS Qualitative research methods were used. Participants were recruited through clinical nursing specialists in participating departments of a university hospital between June and August 2020. Individual interviews were conducted and analysed using content analysis. RESULTS Four interviews with patients and five interviews with relatives were conducted with a mean duration of 25 min. The following three topics emerged in the analysis as important: What was perceived as restraints, Assessing the experiences of restraint use on a continuum, and Lack of information about restrictive measures. Patients and relatives defined restraint very broadly and assessed the experiences of restraint on a continuum from positive to negative, with a more critical view from patients. Relatives clearly seemed to approve of the use of restraints in acute care hospitals because it provided them with a sense of security. In general, there seemed to be a lack of information about the use of restraint and its effects on patients and relatives alike. CONCLUSION The involvement of patients and relatives in the decision-making process about restraint use seems to be low. Healthcare professionals need to be better educated to be able to pass on adequate information and to involve patients and their relatives adequately in all processes of restraint use. However, when relatives are involved in decision-making as proxies for patients, it is important to consider that patients' and relatives' opinions on restraints may differ. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patients and relatives agreed to participate in the study and shared their experiences with us.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Siegrist‐Dreier
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in NursingBernSwitzerland
| | - Silvia Thomann
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in NursingBernSwitzerland
| | - Isabelle Barbezat
- Department of Nursing, Academic‐Practice‐PartnershipBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Dirk Richter
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in NursingBernSwitzerland
| | - Kai‐Uwe Schmitt
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in NursingBernSwitzerland
- Department of Nursing, Academic‐Practice‐PartnershipBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Sabine Hahn
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in NursingBernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thomann S, Zwakhalen S, Siegrist-Dreier S, Hahn S. Restraint practice in the somatic acute care hospital: A participant observation study. J Clin Nurs 2022; 32:2603-2615. [PMID: 35451093 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe daily restraint practices and the factors which influence their use, from an outsider's perspective. BACKGROUND A reduction in restraint use is recommended in health care. However, somatic acute care hospital settings currently lack effective reduction strategies. Thus far, hospital restraint practice is described in terms of quantitative assessments and the 'insider' view of healthcare professionals. However, as factors such as routine or personal beliefs seem to play a relevant role in restraint use, these approaches might be incomplete and biased. DESIGN A qualitative observation study design was employed. METHODS Fieldwork with unstructured participant observation was conducted at a department of geriatrics and a department of intensive care in Switzerland between November 2019 and January 2020. Data were recorded as field notes. The analysis was conducted iteratively in two coding cycles using descriptive coding followed by pattern coding. We adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). RESULTS A total of 67 hours of observation were conducted. We found that daily restraint practice can be described in three categories: the context in which restraints are used, the decision-making process on the use and continued use of restraints, and the avoidance of restraint use. Most processes and decisions seem to take place unconsciously, and their standardisation is weak. CONCLUSIONS The lack of standardisation favours intuitive and unreflective action, which is prompted by what is also known as heuristic decision-making. To transform daily restraint practice, a technical solution that leads restraint management in line with ethical and legal requirements might be useful. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The outsider perspective has allowed daily restraint practice to be described independently of existing routines, departmental cultures and personal attitudes. This is important to comprehensively describe restrictive practices, which is a prerequisite for the development of effective restraint reduction strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Thomann
- School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Zwakhalen
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Siegrist-Dreier
- School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Hahn
- School of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomann S, Hahn S, Bauer S, Richter D, Zwakhalen S. Variation in restraint use between hospitals: a multilevel analysis of multicentre prevalence measurements in Switzerland and Austria. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:367. [PMID: 33879134 PMCID: PMC8056521 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In restraint use in the somatic acute-care hospital setting, routine and institutional culture seem to play an important role. This implies that similar patient situations would be managed with restraints in one hospital, while in another hospital the situation would be managed without restraints. This practice variation appears to be ethically and legally questionable. The influence of organisation-specific factors such as the availability of guidelines is discussed. However, the relevance of such factors at the hospital level has been rarely investigated to date. Therefore, the aims of this study were a) to determine how much variance in restraint use can be explained on the hospital level (hospital general effect) and b) to examine the impact of organisational factors on restraint use (specific contextual effects). METHODS A secondary data analysis of cross-sectional multicentre data was performed. Data were collected during three quality measurements (2016-2018) in acute-care hospitals in Switzerland and Austria. Hospitalised patients from different medical specialties aged 18+ with informed consent were included. Descriptive analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS The study included 29,477 patients from a total of 140 hospitals. The 30-day prevalence rate of patients with at least one restraint was 8.7% (n = 2577). The availability of guidelines regarding restraint use and refresher courses for nursing staff were associated with less restraint use (odds ratios = 0.60 and 0.75). By adding the hospital as a random effect, the explained variance of the model increased from 24 to 55%. CONCLUSIONS The use of restraints varies widely between hospitals, even considering patient characteristics. The identification of situations in which restraints were used out of routine or institutional culture appears to be an important approach in restraint reduction. Investments in appropriate structures and employee knowledge can facilitate providing restraint-free care as much as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Thomann
- Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Hahn
- Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Department of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk Richter
- Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Bern University Hospital for Mental Health, Murtenstrasse 46, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3060 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Zwakhalen
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mullen R, Kydd A, Fleming A, McMillan L. A practical guide to the systematic application of nominal group technique. Nurse Res 2021; 29:14-20. [PMID: 33629547 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2021.e1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nominal group technique (NGT) is a highly structured, commonly used way of exploring areas of interest and developing consensus. However, it is sometimes conflated with focus group methods. AIM To provide a rationale for selecting NGT as a research method and to examine its systematic application in a doctoral Q-methodology study exploring nursing students' perspectives of preserving dignity in care. DISCUSSION An outline of NGT is provided, and it is distinguished from focus group methods. As well as providing a step-by-step guide to using NGT, each step is illustrated with its practical application in the study, and the lessons learned concerning the limitations and strengths of NGT in the context of one study are shared. CONCLUSION When applied systematically, NGT enables nurse researchers to collaborate in a meaningful and engaging way with participants and generate tangible outcomes relatively quickly. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This paper offers practical insight into the use of NGT to explore perceptions and develop consensus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Mullen
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Angela Kydd
- Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brugnolli A, Canzan F, Mortari L, Saiani L, Ambrosi E, Debiasi M. The Effectiveness of Educational Training or Multicomponent Programs to Prevent the Use of Physical Restraints in Nursing Home Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186738. [PMID: 32947851 PMCID: PMC7558973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review assesses the effectiveness of interventions to reduce physical restraint (PR) use in older people living in nursing homes or residential care facilities. A systematic search of studies published in four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINHAL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). The review included individual and cluster randomized controlled trials that compared educational training and multicomponent programs to avoid PR use. Risk bias of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. This review includes 16 studies in a qualitative synthesis that met the inclusion criteria, nine of them offered a multicomponent program and seven offered only educational training. The results of the 12 studies included in the meta-analysis showed a significant trend in favor of intervention over time and intensity of PR use tends to decrease. The review indicates that educational programs and other supplementary interventions should be effective, but the heterogeneous operative definition of physical restraints can make difficult data generalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brugnolli
- Centre of Higher Education for Health Sciences, 38122 Trento, Italy;
| | - Federica Canzan
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (L.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Luigina Mortari
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luisa Saiani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (L.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisa Ambrosi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (L.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Martina Debiasi
- Centre of Higher Education for Health Sciences, 38122 Trento, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pu L, Moyle W. Restraint use in residents with dementia living in residential aged care facilities: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2020; 31:2008-2023. [PMID: 32890437 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of restraint use in residents with dementia in the context of residential aged care facilities. BACKGROUND Restraints are commonly used in people with dementia living in residential aged care facilities to manage behaviours and reduce injuries, but the concept of restraint use in people with dementia remains ambiguous, and current practices to reduce restraint use in long-term care residents with dementia remain unclear. DESIGN A scoping review using the methodological frameworks of Arskey and O'Malley and colleagues. METHODS Nine databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ProQuest) were searched from 2005 to 20 May 2019. Articles were included if they were written in English, peer-reviewed and used any research method that described restraint use in residents with dementia living in residential care settings. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used. RESULTS From 1,585 articles, 23 met the inclusion criteria. There is a lack of a clear definition of restraint use, and the prevalence of restraint use varied from 30.7% to 64.8% depending on the different operational concepts. People with dementia were at a higher risk for restraint use, and the decision-making process for restraint use was largely ignored in the literature. The effect of staff educational interventions to reduce restraint use was inconsistent due to varying delivery duration and content. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of restraint use in people with dementia living in residential care settings remains high alongside the absence of a clear definition of restraint use. More research about the decision-making process involved in using restraint and development of effective interventions are needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Better education about the decision-making regarding staff, conditions of residents and organisations for restraint use is needed to improve the care for people with dementia living in care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Pu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|