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Edgar AK, Chong LX, Wood-Bradley R, Armitage JA, Narayanan A, Macfarlane S. The role of extended reality in optometry education: a narrative review. Clin Exp Optom 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38944747 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2024.2366366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of digitally based pedagogies, such as extended reality (XR) - a group of simulated learning environments that include virtual simulation, virtual reality, and augmented reality - has prompted optometry educators to seek evidence to guide the implementation of these teaching and learning activities within their curricula. Looking more broadly across the medical and allied health fields, there is a wealth of evidence to guide the incorporation of XR, as it is increasingly being integrated into the curricula of other select health professions disciplines. Educators from these disciplines continue to explore and embed XR in practice. This narrative review summarises the findings and appraises the literature on the use of XR in optometry education. It identifies the learning domains in which XR has been implemented in optometry education and proposes areas for further investigation. The review questions the technology-focused approach that has driven the literature within the review and calls for richer pedagogical foundations with suggestions for future research agendas. As such, this narrative review provides optometry educators with new ways of understanding XR and its relationship with the curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Edgar
- Deakin Learning Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Luke X Chong
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | - Anuradha Narayanan
- Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Elite School of Optometry, Chennai, India
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Garcia-Queiruga J, Pena-Verdeal H, Sabucedo-Villamarin B, Giraldez MJ, Garcia-Resua C, Yebra-Pimentel E. Meibomian gland secretion quality association with ocular parameters in university students during COVID- 19 restrictions. Int Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10792-023-02632-2. [PMID: 36692700 PMCID: PMC9873396 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if the Meibomian Gland (MG) secretion quality is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort, hours of Video Display Terminals (VDT) use, eyelid margin abnormalities, conjunctival hyperemia, and Meibomian Gland Loss Area (MGLA) in a sample of university students. METHODS An online survey that included an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and an extra question about hours of VDT use recruited an initial sample of 183 participants. Only 120 participants that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were scheduled for a battery of ocular surface and MG specific exam. The tests include: 1) meibometry, 2) slit lamp exploration of eyelid margin abnormalities (irregularity, hyperemia and MG orifices plugging), MG secretion quality and conjunctival hyperemia, and 3) Meibography. RESULTS Significant positive correlations between the MG secretion quality and eyelid margin hyperemia, MG orifices plugging, MGLA, nasal conjunctival hyperemia, and temporal conjunctival hyperemia (Spearman Rho; all r>0.186, p<0.042) were found. Multivariate regression found association between OSDI with hours of VDT use (B=0.316, p=0.007), and eyelid hyperemia (B=0.434, p≤ 0.001). A statistical association between MG secretion quality and eyelid margin hyperemia, MG orifices plugging, MGLA and conjunctival hyperemia (Fisher's exact; all p<0.039) were found. Multivariate regression found association between MG secretion quality with MG orifices plugging (B=0.295, p=0.004) and meibometry (B=-0.001, p=0.029). CONCLUSION Participants with higher values in MG secretion quality have higher values in eyelid margin hyperemia, MG plugging, MGLA, and conjunctival hyperemia. No direct relationship between MG secretion quality and hours of VDT use or OSDI were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Garcia-Queiruga
- GI-2092 - Optometry, Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Hugo Pena-Verdeal
- GI-2092 - Optometry, Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belén Sabucedo-Villamarin
- GI-2092 - Optometry, Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria J Giraldez
- GI-2092 - Optometry, Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Resua
- GI-2092 - Optometry, Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Yebra-Pimentel
- GI-2092 - Optometry, Department of Applied Physics (Optometry Area), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Subramanian A. Two years on: what has COVID-19 taught us about online (telerehabilitation) visual impairment teaching clinics? Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:91-93. [PMID: 36122576 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahalya Subramanian
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
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Doron R, Eichler R, Rajhans V. Effectiveness of online learning in improving optometry student's reflective abilities. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2022:S1888-4296(22)00066-8. [PMID: 36400680 PMCID: PMC9666351 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optometry education strives to develop competencies required for reflective practice in its pupils. The forced changes in academia during COVID-19 pandemic, rapid switching to online methods imposed serious challenges on the training of reflective skills. We hypothesize that the synchronous online sessions of case-based reflections are effective in imparting training for reflective practice in optometry students. METHODS A prospective study was done with planned, synchronous, online, small group workshops for case-based reflections through the second year of optometry program during 'introduction to patient care' course. The reflective competencies were measured with a modified Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS) at the beginning and towards conclusion. Data was analysed with Mann-Whitney one tail test and qualitative thematic methods. RESULTS Total of 104 students participated in the study. The aggregate score showed significant improvement (p<0.05) in students' reflective ability. A rising trend was seen in each component namely self-reflection, empathetic and communication reflections. DISCUSSIONS The results demonstrate that the reflective skills can be developed using virtual patient experiences, case-based reflective practices conducted in synchronous small group workshops in online mode. Students perceived it as useful activity in developing themselves as healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravid Doron
- Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Eichler
- Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vidyut Rajhans
- Laxmi College of Optometry, Laxmi Eye Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India.
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Lek JJ, Lim HS, Narayanan A, Neuville JM, Srinivasan K, Yang JSM, Cham KM. How six optometry institutions in the Asia-Pacific region adapted their teachings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 105:658-663. [DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2075252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia Lek
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui Shan Lim
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences (Optometry), Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Krithica Srinivasan
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Kwang Meng Cham
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Szilagyi C, Tartaglia A, Palmer PK, Fleenor DW, Jackson-Jordan E, Knoll Sweeney S, Slaven JE. COVID-19 and Clinical Pastoral Education: How ACPE Educators Pivoted Amid the Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2022; 76:37-47. [PMID: 35060791 PMCID: PMC8926918 DOI: 10.1177/15423050211073572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) programs faced extraordinary challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined how ACPE-certified educators responded to maintain program delivery. Survey results (n = 210) suggested a substantial and abrupt increase in remote delivery for CPE instruction and supervised clinical practice, primarily driven by those previously fully in-person. Respondents reported abrupt changes impacted 1152 students. Participants rated their utilization and helpfulness of professional, organizational, and technology resources during the pivot and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David W. Fleenor
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - James E. Slaven
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Subramanian A. Remote visual impairment teaching clinics during COVID-19 at a university optometry school. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:630-631. [PMID: 33742714 PMCID: PMC8251242 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahalya Subramanian
- Division of Optometry and Visual SciencesCity, University of LondonLondonUK
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Jonuscheit S, Lam AK, Schmid KL, Flanagan JG, Martin R, Troilo D. . Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:632. [PMID: 33742726 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Kc Lam
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Jin H, Zhang M, He Q, Gu J. Over 200 million students being taught online in China during COVID-19: Will online teaching become the routine model in medical education? Asian J Surg 2021; 44:672. [PMID: 33663934 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic, Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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