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González-Ferrero T, Bergonti M, Marcon L, Minguito-Carazo C, Tilves Bellas C, Pesquera Lorenzo JC, Martínez-Sande JL, González-Melchor L, García-Seara FJ, Fernández-López JA, González-Juanatey JR, Heidbuchel H, Sarkozy A, Rodríguez-Mañero M. Characterization of patients with extensive left atrial myopathy referred for atrial fibrillation ablation: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02467-6. [PMID: 38922425 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although atrial fibrosis has a relevant impact on ablation success rate, experimental studies have reported that extensive fibrosis may be accompanied by a reduced burden secondary to a prominent depression of atrial excitability. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify clinical and echocardiographic factors associated with extensive left atrial myopathy (ELAM), to analyze the predictive ability of established scores (AF score, APPLE, and DR-FLASH) and assess outcomes in terms of AF recurrence, left atrial flutter, and post-procedural heart failure admissions. METHODS A total of 950 consecutive patients undergoing the first AF ablation were included. A 3D electroanatomical mapping system (CARTO3, Biosense Webster) was created using a multipolar mapping catheter (PentaRay, Biosense Webster). ELAM was defined as ≥ 50% low voltage area. A subanalysis with four groups was also created (< 10%; 10-20%; 10-20%; and > 30%). Logistic regressions, Cox proportional hazards models, and log-rank test were used to test the predictors independently associated with the presence of ELAM and AF recurrence. The model was prospectively validated in a cohort of 150 patients obtaining an excellent ability for prediction AUC 0.90 (CI 95% 0.84-0.96). RESULTS Overall, 78 (8.42%) presented ELAM. Age, female sex, persistent AF, first-degree AV block, and E/e' were significant predictors. The model incorporating these factors outperformed the existing scores (AUC = 0.87). During a mean follow-up of 20 months (IQR 9 to 36), patients with ELAM presented a higher rate of AF recurrence (42.02% vs 26.01%, p = 0.030), left atrial flutter (26.03% vs 8.02%, p < 0.001), and post-procedural heart failure admissions (12.01% vs 0.61%, p < 0.001) than non-ELAM patients. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the incidence and clinical factors associated with ELAM in AF, highlighting age, female, persistent AF, first-degree AV block, and E/e'. Importantly, the presence of ELAM is associated with poorer outcomes in terms of recurrence and HF admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teba González-Ferrero
- Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco Bergonti
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Marcon
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carlos Minguito-Carazo
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Tilves Bellas
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Pesquera Lorenzo
- Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Heart Rhythm Management Center, University Hospital of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - José Luis Martínez-Sande
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laila González-Melchor
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García-Seara
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Alberto Fernández-López
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrea Sarkozy
- Heart Rhythm Management Center, University Hospital of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Moisés Rodríguez-Mañero
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Area and Coronary Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Huang W, Sun H, Luo Y, Tang Y, Xiong S, Long Y, Liu H. Including hemoglobin levels and female sex provide the additional predictive value of the APPLE score for atrial fibrillation recurrence post-catheter ablation. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023:S1109-9666(23)00229-4. [PMID: 38128779 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We probed whether the addition of hemoglobin (HGB) or the female sex (SEX) as variables would provide additional prognostic value to the APPLE score. METHODS An optimized APPLE score was used to evaluate the AF recurrence risk in the consecutive populations with AF post-catheter ablation including the development (n = 562) and validation (n = 239) cohorts. RESULTS In the populations of AF recurrence, most patients were female sex (103/164, 62.8%), and had the lower HGB levels. After adjusting for the APPLE score, HGB level (Odds Ratio [OR], 0.828; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.749-0.915; P < 0.001) and female sex (OR, 1.596; 95% CI, 1.140-2.235; P = 0.006) independently predicted AF recurrence. Adjusting the APPLE score by HGB variable improved its predictive ability for AF recurrence (C-statistic value from 0.675 to 0.711, P = 0.010), which also increased the C-indexes in the external validation (from 0.653 to 0.725, p = 0.023). The female sex variable also enhanced the C-statistic value of the APPLE score for AF recurrence at both development and external validation (C-indices from 0.675 to 0.691, P = 0.004; C-indices from 0.653 to 0.704, p = 0.037, respectively). Decision curve analysis showed that the HGB plus APPLE score was better than the SEX plus APPLE score in predicting AF recurrence in two following AF populations. CONCLUSION The inclusion of HGB level and female sex variables improved the predictability and clinical usefulness of adjusted APPLE score. Adjustment of the APPLE score by HGB levels may provide better predictive value than inclusion of the female sex variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huaxin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
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Mihajlovic M, Simic J, Marinkovic M, Kovacevic V, Kocijancic A, Mujovic N, Potpara TS. Sex-related differences in self-reported treatment burden in patients with atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1029730. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1029730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTreatment burden (TB) is defined as the patient’s workload of healthcare and its impact on patient functioning and wellbeing. High TB can lead to non-adherence, a higher risk of adverse outcomes and lower quality of life (QoL). We have previously reported a higher TB in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) vs. those with other chronic conditions. In this analysis, we explored sex-related differences in self-reported TB in AF patients.Materials and methodsA single-center, prospective study included consecutive patients with AF under drug treatment for at least 6 months before enrollment from April to June 2019. Patients were asked to voluntarily and anonymously answer the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ). All patients signed the written consent for participation.ResultsOf 331 patients (mean age 65.4 ± 10.3 years, mean total AF history 6.41 ± 6.62 years), 127 (38.4%) were females. The mean TB was significantly higher in females compared to males (53.7 vs. 42.6 out of 170 points, p < 0.001), and females more frequently reported TB ≥ 59 points than males (37.8% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.001). In females, on multivariable analysis of the highest TB quartile (TB ≥ 59), non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant (NOAC) use [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.319; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.12–0.83, P = 0.019], while in males, catheter ablation and/or ECV of AF (OR 0.383; 95% CI 0.18–0.81, P = 0.012) were negatively associated with the highest TB quartile.ConclusionOur study was the first to explore the sex-specific determinants of TB in AF patients. Females had significantly higher TB compared with males. Approximately 2 in 5 females and 1 in 5 males reported TB ≥ 59 points, previously shown to be an unacceptable burden of treatment for patients. Using a NOAC rather than vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in females and a rhythm control strategy in males could decrease TB to acceptable values.
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4
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Gomez SE, Fazal M, Nunes JC, Shah S, Perino AC, Narayan SM, Tamirisa KP, Han JK, Rodriguez F, Baykaner T. Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in atrial fibrillation management: rate and rhythm control. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022:10.1007/s10840-022-01383-x. [PMID: 36224481 PMCID: PMC10097842 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects around 6 million Americans. AF management involves pharmacologic therapy and/or interventional procedures to control rate and rhythm, as well as anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Different populations may respond differently to distinct management strategies. This review will describe disparities in rate and rhythm control and their impact on outcomes among women and historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups. METHODS This is a narrative review exploring the topic of sex and racial and/or ethnic disparities in rate and rhythm management of AF. We describe basic terminology, summarize AF epidemiology, discuss diversity in clinical research, and review landmark clinical trials. RESULTS Despite having higher rates of traditional AF risk factors, Black and Hispanic adults have lower risk of AF than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, although those with AF experience more severe symptoms and report lower quality-of-life scores than NHW patients with AF. NHW patients receive antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversions, and invasive therapies more frequently than Black and Hispanic patients. Women have lower rates of AF than men, but experience more severe symptoms, heart failure, stroke, and death after AF diagnosis. Women and people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds are inadequately represented in AF trials; prevalence findings may be a result of underdetection. CONCLUSION Race, ethnicity, and gender are social determinants of health that may impact the prevalence, evolution, and management of AF. This impact reflects differences in biology as well as disparities in treatment and representation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Muhammad Fazal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julio C Nunes
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shayena Shah
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander C Perino
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Janet K Han
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tina Baykaner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Yakimenka A, Labib D, Dykstra S, Mikami Y, Satriano A, Flewitt J, Feuchter P, Rivest S, Howarth AG, Lydell CP, Quinn FR, Wilton SB, White JA. Influence of Sex-Based Differences in Cardiac Phenotype on Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Isolation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:894592. [PMID: 35966521 PMCID: PMC9366168 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.894592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a commonly engaged therapy for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Prior studies have documented elevated AF recurrence rates among females vs. males. Sex-specific mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the sex-based differences in cardiac phenotype and their influence on (AF) recurrence following first-time PVI.MethodsA total of 204 consecutive patients referred for first-time PVI and 101 healthy subjects were prospectively studied by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Multi-chamber volumetric and functional measures were assessed by sex-corrected Z-score analyses vs. healthy subjects. Patients were followed for a median of 2.6 years for the primary outcome of clinical AF recurrence. Multivariable analyses adjusting for age and comorbidities were performed to identify independent predictors of AF recurrence.ResultsAF recurrence following first PVI occurred in 41% of males and 59% of females (p = 0.03). Females were older with higher prevalence of hypertension and thyroid disorders. Z-score-based analyses revealed significantly reduced ventricular volumes, greater left atrial (LA) volumes, and reduced LA contractility in females vs. males. Multivariable analysis revealed each of LA minimum and pre-systolic volumes and booster EF Z-scores to be independently associated with AF recurrence, providing respective hazard ratios of 1.10, 1.19, and 0.89 (p = 0.001, 0.03, and 0.01).ConclusionAmong patients referred for first time PVI, females were older and demonstrated significantly poorer LA contractile health vs. males, the latter independently associated with AF recurrence. Assessment of LA contractile health may therefore be of value to identify female patients at elevated risk of AF recurrence. Factors influencing female patient referral for PVI at more advanced stages of atrial disease warrant focused investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Yakimenka
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dina Labib
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Steven Dykstra
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yoko Mikami
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alessandro Satriano
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Flewitt
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Patricia Feuchter
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra Rivest
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Howarth
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carmen P. Lydell
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - F. Russell Quinn
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen B. Wilton
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - James A. White
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: James A. White,
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6
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Darden D, Duong T, Du C, Munir MB, Han FT, Reeves R, Saw J, Zeitler EP, Al-Khatib SM, Russo AM, Minges KE, Curtis JP, Freeman JV, Hsu JC. Sex Differences in Procedural Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Insights From the NCDR LAAO Registry. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:1275-1284. [PMID: 34379072 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as an alternative to anticoagulation for select patients with atrial fibrillation; however, women have been underrepresented in clinical trials of LAAO, and sex-specific subanalyses are limited. Objective To evaluate the sex differences in the baseline characteristics of patients undergoing LAAO implant and in the in-hospital outcomes after LAAO implant. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 49 357 patients in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry LAAO Registry undergoing LAAO with the Watchman device between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019, were included in this study. Exposure Female or male sex. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were aborted or canceled procedure, major adverse event, any adverse event, prolonged hospital stay longer than 1 day, and death. Unadjusted and multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to assess sex differences in in-hospital adverse events. Results In this cohort study of 49 357 patients (mean [SD] age, 76.1 [8.0] years), 20 388 women (41.3%) and 28 969 (58.7%) men underwent LAAO. Compared with men, women were older and had a higher prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, prior stroke, and uncontrolled hypertension but a lower prevalence of congestive heart failure, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. After multivariable adjustment, there were no differences in aborted or canceled procedures between women and men (613 [3.0%] vs 851 [2.9%]; odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% CI, 0.90-1.13). Women were more likely than men to experience any adverse event (1284 [6.3%] vs 1144 [3.9%]; P < .001; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.49-1.77; P < .001) or major adverse event (827 [4.1%] vs 567 [2.0%]; P < .001; OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.82-2.34; P < .001) owing to pericardial effusion requiring drainage (241 [1.2%] vs 144 [0.5%]) or major bleeding (349 [1.7%] vs 244 [0.8%]). Women were also more likely than men to experience a hospital stay longer than 1 day (3272 [16.0%] vs 3355 [11.6%]; P < .001; adjusted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.38-1.54; P < .001) or death (adjusted OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.31-3.09; P = .001), although death was rare and absolute differences were minimal (58 [0.3%] vs 37 [0.1%]; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that, compared with men, women have a significantly higher risk of in-hospital adverse events after LAAO. Further research aimed at risk reduction, particularly strategies to reduce the risk of pericardial effusion and major bleeding, in women undergoing LAAO is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Darden
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Thao Duong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chengan Du
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Muhammad Bilal Munir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Frederick T Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ryan Reeves
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jacqueline Saw
- Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily P Zeitler
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Sana M Al-Khatib
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrea M Russo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Services, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Karl E Minges
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Health Administration and Policy, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeptha P Curtis
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James V Freeman
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan C Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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7
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Natale V, Mohanty S, Trivedi C, Baqai FM, Gallinghouse J, Della Rocca DG, Gianni C, MacDonald B, Mayedo A, Burkhardt JD, Gallinghouse GJ, Al-Ahmad A, Horton R, Bassiouny M, Di Biase L, Natale A. Arrhythmia profile and ablation-outcome in elderly women with atrial fibrillation undergoing first catheter ablation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 44:835-842. [PMID: 33742711 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the arrhythmia profile and ablation outcome in women with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged ≥75 years. METHODS A total of 573 consecutive female patients undergoing first AF ablation were classified into group 1: ≥75 years (n = 221) and group 2: < 75 years (n = 352). Isolation of PVs, posterior wall and superior vena cava was performed in all. Non-PV triggers from other areas were ablated based on operator's discretion. RESULTS Group 1 had higher prevalence of hypertension (154 (69.7%) vs. 188 (53.4%), p < .001) and non-paroxysmal AF (136 (61.5%) vs. 126 (35.8%), p < .001). Non-PV triggers were detected in 194 (87.8%) patients from group 1 and 143 (40.6%) from group 2 (p < .001) and were ablated in 152 (68.8%) and 114 (32.4%) from group 1 and 2 respectively. Remaining patients (group 1: 69/221 and group 2: 238/352) received no additional ablation. At 4 years, 109 (49.3%) and 185 (52.6%) from group 1 and 2, respectively, were arrhythmia-free, p = .69. When stratified by ablation-strategy, success-rate was similar across groups in patients receiving non-PV trigger ablation (96 (63.2%) in group 1 and 76 (66.7%) in group 2, p = .61), whereas it was significantly lower in group 1 patients not receiving additional ablation compared to those from group 2 (13 (18.8%) vs. 109 (45.8%), p < .001). CONCLUSION Non-paroxysmal AF was more common in women aged ≥75 years. Furthermore, significantly higher number of non-PV triggers were detected in elderly women and ablation of those provided similar ablation success as that in women aged < 75 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Natale
- Department of Pediatrics, Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Mohanty
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Chintan Trivedi
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Faiz M Baqai
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Gallinghouse
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Carola Gianni
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan MacDonald
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Angel Mayedo
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John David Burkhardt
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Amin Al-Ahmad
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rodney Horton
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamed Bassiouny
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Luigi Di Biase
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Montefiore Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Natale
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA.,Interventional Electrophysiology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA.,Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Plášek J, Wichterle D, Peichl P, Čihák R, Jarkovský P, Roubíček T, Stojadinović P, Hašková J, Kautzner J. Gender differences in major vascular complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:647-656. [PMID: 33428307 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) has a considerable risk of procedural complications. Major vascular complications (MVCs) appear to be the most frequent. This study investigated gender differences in MVCs in patients undergoing CA for AF in a high-volume tertiary center. METHODS A total of 4734 CAs for AF (65% paroxysmal, 26% repeated procedures) were performed at our center between January 2006 and August 2018. Patients (71% males) aged 60 ± 10 years and had a body mass index of 29 ± 4 kg/m2 at the time of the procedure. Radiofrequency point-by-point ablation was employed in 96.3% of procedures with the use of three-dimensional navigation systems and facilitated by intracardiac echocardiography. Pulmonary vein isolation was mandatory; cavotricuspid isthmus and left atrial substrate ablation were performed in 22% and 38% procedures, respectively. MVCs were defined as those that resulted in permanent injury, required intervention, or prolonged hospitalization. Their rates and risk factors were compared between genders. RESULTS A total of 112 (2.4%) MVCs were detected: 54/1512 (3.5%) in females and 58/3222 (1.8%) in males (p < .0001). On multivariate analysis, lower body height was the only risk factor for MVCs in females (p = .0005). On the contrary, advanced age was associated with MVCs in males (p = .006). CONCLUSION Females have a higher risk of MVCs following CA for AF compared to males. This difference is driven by lower body size in females. Low body height in females and advanced age in males are independent predictors of MVCs. Ultrasound-guided venipuncture lowered the MVC rate in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Plášek
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ostrava and Medical School, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Palacky University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Wichterle
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Medical School, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Peichl
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Čihák
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Jarkovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cardiology, Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Roubíček
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Predrag Stojadinović
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hašková
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Palacky University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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9
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Volgman AS, Benjamin EJ, Curtis AB, Fang MC, Lindley KJ, Naccarelli GV, Pepine CJ, Quesada O, Vaseghi M, Waldo AL, Wenger NK, Russo AM. Women and atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 32:2793-2807. [PMID: 33332669 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a growing problem in the United States and worldwide, imposing a high individual and health system burden, including increased resource consumption due to repeated hospitalizations, stroke, dementia, heart failure, and death. This comprehensive review summarizes the most recent data on sex-related differences in risks associated with AF. Women with AF have increased risk of stroke and death compared to men, and possible reasons for this disparity are explored. Women also continue to have worse symptoms and quality of life, and poorer outcomes with stroke prevention, as well as with rate and rhythm control management strategies. Many current rhythm control treatment strategies for AF, including cardioversion and ablation, are used less frequently in women as compared to men, whereas women are more likely to be treated with rate control strategies or antiarrhythmic drugs. Sex differences should be considered in treating women with AF to improve outcomes and women and men should be offered the same interventions for AF. We need to improve the evidence base to understand if variation in utilization of rate and rhythm control management between men and women represents health inequities or appropriate clinical judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne B Curtis
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Margaret C Fang
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Odayme Quesada
- The Christ Hospital Women's Heart Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marmar Vaseghi
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Albert L Waldo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nanette K Wenger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrea M Russo
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Campbell ML, Larson J, Farid T, Westerman S, Lloyd MS, Shah AD, Leon AR, El-Chami MF, Merchant FM. Sex-based differences in procedural complications associated with atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:3176-3186. [PMID: 32966681 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women undergoing atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (AFCA) have higher rates of vascular complications and major bleeding. However, most studies have been underpowered to detect differences in rarer complications such as stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and procedural mortality. METHODS We performed a systematic review of databases (PubMed, World of Science, and Embase) to identify studies published since 2010 reporting AFCA complications by sex. Six complications of interest were (1) vascular/groin complications; (2) pericardial effusion/tamponade; (3) stroke/TIA; (4) permanent phrenic nerve injury; (5) major bleeding; and (6) procedural mortality. For meta-analysis, random effects models were used when heterogeneity between studies was ≥50% (vascular complications and major bleeding) and fixed effects models for other endpoints. RESULTS Of 5716 citations, 19 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 244,353 patients undergoing AFCA, of whom 33% were women. Women were older (65.3 ± 11.2 vs. 60.4 ± 13.2 years), more likely hypertensive (60.6% vs. 55.5%) and diabetic (18.3% vs. 16.5%), and had higher CHA2 DS2 -VASc scores (3.0 ± 1.8 vs. 1.4 ± 1.4) (p < .0001 for all comparisons). The rates of all six complications were significantly higher in women. However, despite statistically significant differences, the overall incidences of major complications were very low in both sexes: stroke/TIA (women 0.51% vs. men 0.39%) and procedural mortality (women 0.25% vs. men 0.19%). CONCLUSION Women experience significantly higher rates of AFCA complications. However, the incidence of major procedural complications is very low in both sexes. The higher rate of complications in women may be partially attributable to older age and a higher prevalence of comorbidities at the time of ablation. More detailed studies are needed to better define the mechanisms of increased risk in women and to identify strategies for closing the sex gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Larson
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Talha Farid
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cardiology Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stacy Westerman
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cardiology Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael S Lloyd
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cardiology Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anand D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cardiology Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Angel R Leon
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cardiology Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mikhael F El-Chami
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cardiology Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Faisal M Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cardiology Division, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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Long-term safety and effectiveness of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation using a porous tip contact force-sensing catheter from the SMART SF trial. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020; 61:63-69. [PMID: 32462550 PMCID: PMC8195769 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The prospective, multicenter SMART SF trial demonstrated the acute safety and effectiveness of the 56-hole porous tip irrigated contact force (CF) catheter for drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) ablation with a low primary adverse event rate (2.5%), leading to FDA approval of the catheter. Here, we are reporting the long-term effectiveness and safety results that have not yet been reported. Methods Ablations were performed using the 56-hole porous tip irrigated CF catheter guided by the 3D mapping system stability module. The primary effectiveness endpoint was freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia (including atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, and/or atrial flutter), based on electrocardiographic data at 12 months. Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence occurring 3 months post procedure, acute procedural failures such as lack of entrance block confirmation of all PVs, and undergoing repeat procedure for atrial fibrillation in the evaluation period (91 to 365 days post the initial ablation procedure) were considered to be effectiveness failures. Results Seventy-eight patients (age 64.8 ± 9.7 years; male 52.6%; Caucasian 96.2%) participated in the 12-month effectiveness evaluation. Mean follow-up time was 373.5 ± 45.4 days. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of freedom from 12-month atrial tachyarrhythmia was 74.9%. Two procedure-related pericardial effusion events were reported at 92 and 180 days post procedure. There were no pulmonary vein stenosis complications or deaths reported through the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusions The SMART SF 12-month follow-up evaluation corroborates the early safety and effectiveness success previously reported for PAF ablation with STSF.
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12
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Tian XT, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. Gender Differences in Arrhythmias: Focused on Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 13:85-96. [PMID: 31637585 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are significant differences in clinical presentation and treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) between women and men. The primary goal of AF management is to restore sinus rhythm and to prevent various complications, including stroke and heart failure. In many areas of AF, such as prevalence, clinical manifestations, morbidity, risk factors, pathophysiology, treatment strategies, and complications, gender-specific variability is observed and needs to be further addressed by large-scale population researches or randomized clinical trials, which help to promote the customization of AF treatment programs, hence to maximize the success rate of AF therapy in both sexes. This review highlights our current understanding of these gender differences in AF and how these differences affect treatment decisions on AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, and Center Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, No. 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, and Center Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, No. 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, and Center Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, No. 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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13
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du Fay de Lavallaz J, Clerc O, Pudenz C, Illigens B, Kühne M. Sex-specific efficacy and safety of cryoballoon versus radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:1819-1829. [PMID: 31310375 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing healthcare burden, for which pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using cryoballoon (CB) or radiofrequency (RF) represent attractive therapies. Women are at higher risk of recurrence after AF ablation and present a specific complications profile. Therefore, a systematic catheter-specific assessment of pulmonary vein isolation is urgently needed in women. OBJECTIVE Systematically assessing the sex-specific efficacy/safety of CB vs RF ablation. METHODS We performed a structured database search of the scientific literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational prospective studies (OPS) comparing CB and RF ablation efficacy at 1 year. We investigated the reporting of sex-specific analyses and assessed the comparative sex-specific efficacy, safety and procedural characteristics of CB vs RF using random-effect meta-regression accounting for the proportion of enrolled women. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included (18 OPS and 5 RCTs) for a total of 13 509 patients. Sex-specific outcomes by ablation device were reported in two and sex-specific regression in four studies, none of which took the ablation device into account. Meta-regression accounting for the proportion of enrolled women showed no significant difference in outcomes between RF or CB. CONCLUSION The sex-specific reporting in trials comparing CB to RF is extremely low. A quantitative meta-regression using the percentage of enrolled women as sex-specific indicator did not show any difference between CB and RF but acknowledging the low percentage of enrolled women and the lack of sex-specific data, further research including patient-level data is urgently needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Clerc
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Pudenz
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Illigens
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Kühne
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Kaiser DW, Fan J, Schmitt S, Than CT, Ullal AJ, Piccini JP, Heidenreich PA, Turakhia MP. Gender Differences in Clinical Outcomes after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 2:703-710. [PMID: 29623299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore gender differences in real-world outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Background Compared to men, women with AF have greater thromboembolic risk and tend to be more symptomatic. Catheter ablation is generally more effective than antiarrhythmic drug therapy alone. However, there is limited data on the influence of gender on AF ablation outcomes. Methods We analyzed medical claims of 45 million United States patients enrolled in a variety of employee-sponsored and fee-for-service plans. We identified patients who underwent an AF ablation from 2007 to 2011 and evaluated 30-day safety and one-year effectiveness outcomes. Results Of the 21,091 patients who underwent an AF ablation, 7,460 (29%) were female. Women, compared to men, were older (62±11 vs. 58±11 years), had higher CHADS2 (1.2±1.1 vs. 1.0±1.0), higher CHA2DS2-VASc (2.9±1.5 vs. 1.6±1.4), and higher Charlson comorbidity index scores (1.2±1.3 vs. 1.0±1.2)(p<0.001 for all). Following ablation, women had higher risk of 30-day complications of hemorrhage (2.7 vs. 2.0%,p<0.001) and tamponade (3.8 vs. 2.9%,p<0.001). In multivariable analyses, women were more likely to have a re-hospitalization for AF (adjusted HR 1.12,p=0.009), but less likely to have repeat AF ablation (adjusted HR 0.92,p=0.04) or cardioversion (adjusted HR 0.75,p<0.001). Conclusion Women have increased hospitalization rates after AF ablation and are more likely to have a procedural complication. Despite the higher rate of hospital admissions for AF after ablation, women were less likely to undergo repeat ablation or cardioversion. These data call for greater examination of barriers and facilitators to sustain rhythm control strategies in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Kaiser
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jun Fan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Susan Schmitt
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Claire T Than
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Aditya J Ullal
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Paul A Heidenreich
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mintu P Turakhia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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15
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Odozynski G, Forno ARJD, Lewandowski A, Nascimento HG, d'Avila A. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Females: Understanding gender diferences. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:449-454. [PMID: 29723328 PMCID: PMC5967139 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is performed less
frequently in women. In addition, there is divergent information in the
literature regarding the effectiveness and safety for the ablative procedure
to females. Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and
outcomes in men and women undergoing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF)
ablation. Methods Cohort study of patients undergoing first-ever PAF catheter ablation
procedure refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. The information was taken from
patients’ records by means of a digital collection instrument and indexed to
an online database (Syscardio®). Clinical characteristics and
procedures were compared between each gender (M x F), adopting a level of
statistical significance of 5%. The primary endpoint associated with
efficacy was freedom from atrial arrhythmia over the follow-up time. Results 225 patients were included in the study, 64 (29%) women and 161 (71%) men.
Women presented more symptoms due to AF according to the CCS-SAF score (1.8
± 0.8M x 2.3 ± 0.8F p = 0.02) and higher CHADS2 score compared
to men (0.9 ± 0.8M x 1.2 ± 1F). Post-ablation recurrence
occurred in 20% of the patients, with no difference based on gender (21% M x
20% F p = 0.52). The rate of complications was less than 3% for both groups
(p = 0.98). Conclusion Women undergoing the first-ever PAF catheter ablation procedure present
similar complication rate and clinical outcome compared to men. These
findings suggest that the current underutilization of AF catheter ablation
in women may represent a discrepancy in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Odozynski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Florianópolis, SC - Brazil.,Serviço de Arritmia e Marcapasso - Hospital SOS Cardio - Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
| | | | - Andrei Lewandowski
- Serviço de Arritmia e Marcapasso - Hospital SOS Cardio - Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
| | | | - André d'Avila
- Serviço de Arritmia e Marcapasso - Hospital SOS Cardio - Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
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16
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Raeisi-Giglou P, Volgman AS, Patel H, Campbell S, Villablanca A, Hsich E. Advances in Cardiovascular Health in Women over the Past Decade: Guideline Recommendations for Practice. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:128-139. [PMID: 28714810 PMCID: PMC5815443 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death in women. It is estimated that 44 million women in the United States are either living with or at risk for heart disease. This article highlights the recent significant progress made in improving care, clinical decision-making, and policy implications for women with CVD. We provide our perspective supported by evidence-based advances in cardiovascular research and clinical care guidelines in seven areas: (1) primary CVD prevention and community heart care, (2) secondary prevention of CVD, (3) stroke, (4) heart failure and cardiomyopathies, (5) ischemia with nonobstructive coronary artery disease, (6) spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and (7) arrhythmias and device therapies. Advances in these fields have improved the lives of women living with and at risk for heart disease. With increase awareness, partnership with national organizations, sex-specific research, and changes in policy, the morbidity and mortality of CVD in women can be further reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annabelle Santos Volgman
- Rush Heart Center for Women Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hena Patel
- Rush Heart Center for Women Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Amparo Villablanca
- Women's Cardiovascular Medicine Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eileen Hsich
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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17
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Deng H, Bai Y, Shantsila A, Fauchier L, Potpara TS, Lip GYH. Clinical scores for outcomes of rhythm control or arrhythmia progression in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Clin Res Cardiol 2017; 106:813-823. [PMID: 28560516 PMCID: PMC5613037 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-017-1123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are commonly managed with rhythm control strategy, but the natural history of this common arrhythmia leads itself to progression from paroxysmal to persistent or permanent AF, and recurrences are evident despite rhythm control treatments using cardioversion or catheter ablation. Numerous clinical factors have been associated with outcomes of rhythm control or arrhythmia progression in patients with AF. The more common factors have been used to formulate risk stratification scores, to help predict the outcomes of rhythm control treatments or AF progression. This review article provides an overview on the published clinical risk scores related to outcomes of rhythm control strategy or AF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University, Beijing, China
| | - Alena Shantsila
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Laurent Fauchier
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Tatjana S Potpara
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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