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Caminati M, Durić-Filipović I, Arasi S, Peroni DG, Živković Z, Senna G. Respiratory allergies in childhood: Recent advances and future challenges. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26:702-10. [PMID: 26582212 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The burden of allergic airway diseases still represents a major health problem in childhood. Despite many different options are currently available for the diagnostic work-up and management, the overall disease control in terms of impact on quality of life, morbidity and mortality, is not yet satisfactory. The extreme variability of individual risk factors and severity determinants may account for it. On the other side, the knowledge of the multifaceted allergy background could pave the way to primary prevention, early intervention and disease course modification. In fact, most of current research is focusing on the identification of biological and clinical predictive markers of allergy and asthma onset. This review aims at summarizing the latest achievements concerning the complex inter-relation between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, and their impact on prevention strategies and early identification of at risk subjects. An update on the diagnostic and monitoring tools as well as an insight into the newest treatments options is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caminati
- Allergy Unit, Verona University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Arasi
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diego G Peroni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Zorica Živković
- Children's Hospital for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical Center 'Dr Dragisa Misovic', Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, European University, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Allergy Unit, Verona University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
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Fukutani KF, Nascimento-Carvalho CM, Van der Gucht W, Wollants E, Khouri R, Dierckx T, Van Ranst M, Houspie L, Bouzas ML, Oliveira JR, Barral A, Van Weyenbergh J, de Oliveira CI. Pathogen transcriptional profile in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with acute respiratory tract infection. J Clin Virol 2015. [PMID: 26209405 PMCID: PMC7106536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
nCounter enables detection of pathogen transcripts in NPA with low RNA input. nCounter detects, in a single reaction, the presence of multiple pathogens in NPA. nCounter displayed a good agreement with Real-Time PCR for RSV.
Background Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) present a significant morbidity and pose a global health burden. Patients are frequently treated with antibiotics although ARI are most commonly caused by virus, strengthening the need for improved diagnostic methods. Objectives Detect viral and bacterial RNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from children aged 6–23 months with ARI using nCounter. Study design A custom-designed nCounter probeset containing viral and bacterial targets was tested in NPA of ARI patients. Results Initially, spiked control viral RNAs were detectable in ≥6.25 ng input RNA, indicating absence of inhibitors in NPA. nCounter applied to a larger NPA sample (n = 61) enabled the multiplex detection of different pathogens: RNA viruses Parainfluenza virus (PIV 1–3) and RSV A-B in 21%, Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 5%, Bocavirus (BoV), CoV, Influenza virus (IV) A in 3% and, Rhinovirus (RV) in 2% of samples, respectively. RSV A-B was confirmed by Real Time PCR (86.2–96.9% agreement). DNA virus (AV) was detected at RNA level, reflecting viral replication, in 10% of samples. Bacterial transcripts from Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae were detected in 77, 69, 26, 8, 3 and 2% of samples, respectively. Conclusion nCounter is robust and sensitive for the simultaneous detection of viral (both RNA and DNA) and bacterial transcripts in NPA with low RNA input (<10 ng). This medium-throughput technique will increase our understanding of ARI pathogenesis and may provide an evidence-based approach for the targeted and rational use of antibiotics in pediatric ARI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi F Fukutani
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM)-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cristiana M Nascimento-Carvalho
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Winke Van der Gucht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Wollants
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM)-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Tim Dierckx
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Houspie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maiara L Bouzas
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM)-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camila I de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM)-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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