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Jiang M, Zhang H, Song Y, Chen J, Bai J, Tang J, Wang Q, Fotopoulos V, Zhu QH, Yang R, Li R. Transcription factor OsbZIP10 modulates rice grain quality by regulating OsGIF1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38981001 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and optimizing the process of grain filling helps the quest to maximize rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed yield and quality, yet the intricate mechanisms at play remain fragmented. Transcription factors (TFs) are major players in the gene networks underlying the grain filling process. Here, we employed grain incomplete filling (OsGIF1)/cell wall invertase 2, a key gene involved in grain filling, to explore its upstream TFs and identified a bZIP family TF, OsbZIP10, to be a transcriptional activator of OsGIF1. Rice grains of the knockouts of OsbZIP10 showed increased white-core rates but lower amylose content (AC), leading to better eating and cooking qualities in all genetic backgrounds investigated, though the impact of mutations in OsbZIP10 on grain weight depended on genetic background. Multi-omics analyses suggested that, in addition to OsGIF1, multiple genes involved in different biological processes contributing to grain filling were targeted by OsbZIP10, including OsAGPS1, a gene encoding the ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) small subunit, and genes contributing to homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. Distinct genetic make-up was observed in OsbZIP10 between japonica and indica rice varieties, with the majority varieties of each subspecies belonging to two different haplotypes that were closely associated with AC. Overexpressing the haplotype linked to high-AC in the low-AC genetic background increased AC. Overall, this study sheds crucial light on the significance of the OsbZIP10-OsGIF1 module in the determination of rice grain quality, offering a potential avenue for genetic engineering of rice to produce seeds with tailored attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Song
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Technology Institute Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, 3603, Cyprus
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
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Wan C, Yang H, Chen Y, Li Y, Cao Y, Zhang H, Duan X, Ge J, Tao J, Wang Q, Dang P, Feng B, Gao J. Insights into starch synthesis and amino acid composition of common buckwheat in response to phosphate fertilizer management strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133587. [PMID: 38960252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the response and the regulatory mechanism of common buckwheat starch, amylose, and amylopectin biosynthesis to P management strategies, field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 using three phosphorus (P) levels. Results revealed that the application of 75 kg hm-2 phosphate fertilizer significantly enhanced amylopectin and total starch content in common buckwheat, leading to improved grain weight and starch yield, and decreased starch granule size. The number of upregulated differentially expressed proteins induced by phosphate fertilizer increased with the application rate, with 56 proteins identified as shared differential proteins between different P levels, primarily associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Phosphate fertilizer inhibited amylose synthesis by downregulating granule-bound starch synthase protein expression and promoted amylopectin accumulation by upregulating 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme and starch synthase proteins expression. Additionally, Phosphate fertilizer primarily promoted the accumulation of hydrophobic and essential amino acids. These findings elucidate the mechanism of P-induced starch accumulation and offer insights into phosphate fertilizer management and high-quality cultivation of common buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Youxiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yuchen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Haokuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xuyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jiahao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jincai Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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3
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Yang Y, Zhou L, Feng L, Jiang J, Huang L, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Liu Q. Deciphering the Role of Waxy Gene Mutations in Enhancing Rice Grain Quality. Foods 2024; 13:1624. [PMID: 38890853 PMCID: PMC11171567 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amylose content (AC) stands as a pivotal determinant of rice grain quality, primarily governed by the Waxy gene (Wx). The allelic variation within this gene, particularly the presence of the Wxmp allele derived from the ancestral Wxmq allele, significantly influences AC and is prevalent among soft japonica rice varieties in southern China. Although both alleles are associated with lower AC, there remains a paucity of detailed understanding regarding the interplay between specific functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these alleles and the overarching rice grain quality. To investigate this, we engineered three distinct transgenic rice lines, each harboring the Wxmp, Wxmq, or Wxb-5c alleles in the background of the glutinous rice cultivar Nip(wx). This suite of transgenic rice lines showcased varying degrees of grain transparency inversely correlated to AC, which in turn influenced other physicochemical properties of the rice grains, such as taste value of cooked rice, gel consistency, and starch pasting properties. Additionally, analyses of gene expression and enzyme activity revealed that the functional SNPs, Ex4-53G to A and Ex5-53T to C, lead to a decline in the activity of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) without altering expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Agro-Biology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Linhao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lichun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Agro-Biology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Tang W, Chen H, Zhang S, Tang J, Lin J, Fang X, Chen G, Zhang Y. A Novel Allele in the Promoter of Wx Decreases Gene Expression and Confers Lower Apparent Amylose Contents in Japonica Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:745. [PMID: 38475591 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Wx is the key gene that controls amylose content (AC), and various alleles have been found in rice populations. Wxb is the major allele in japonica and produces moderate AC (15~18%). It was recently found that editing the promoter of Wx could produce a series of alleles that have different Wx activities. Although some studies have edited the promoter, few studies have focused on the natural variations in Wx. Here, we used the Rice3K database to investigate variations in the Wx promoter and found that the allele Wx1764178 (A/G) has a higher LD (linkage disequilibrium) with the two key SNPs (1765751, T/G; 1768006, A/C), which could produce different Wx alleles and influence AC, as reported previously. Further study showed that the Wx1764178 allele (A/G) is functional and influences the expression of Wx positively. Editing the A allele using CRISPR‒Cas9 produced 36 and 3 bp deletions and caused a decrease in the expression of Wx. The apparent amylose content (AAC) in the edited lines was decreased by 7.09% and 11.50% compared with that of the wild type, which was the japonica variety Nipponbare with Wxb and the A allele at 1764178, while a complementary line with the G allele showed a lower AAC than the A allele with no effect on other agronomic traits. The AAC of the edited lines showed a higher increase than that of the wild type (Nipponbare, Wxb) in low-nitrogen conditions relative to high-nitrogen conditions. We also developed a dCAPS marker to identify the allele and found that the G allele has widely been used (82.95%) in japonica-bred varieties from Jiangsu Province, China. Overall, we found a functional allele (Wx1764178, A/G) in the Wx promoter that could affect AAC in japonica cultivars and be developed as markers for quality improvement in rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haiyuan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Suobing Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianwen Fang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Gaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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5
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Zhang S, Fan X, Malde AK, Gilbert RG. Development of a model for granule-bound starch synthase I activity using free-energy calculations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127589. [PMID: 37871724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a branched polymer of glucose with two components, both of which have (1 → 4)-α linear links and (1 → 6)-α branch points: amylopectin, of high molecular weight with many short branches, and amylose, of lower molecular weight and only a few long-chain branches. Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) is one of the main enzymes controlling amylose synthesis and chain-length distribution. As production of different GBSSI mutants is time-consuming and laborious, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used here to predict the binding of different GBSSI mutants to a representative amylose fragment. The simulations were atomistic, with explicit solvent and docking, a method successfully used to understand the binding of wild-type GBSSI to amylose fragments. The binding of GBSSI to G5 (a pentasaccharide amylose fragment) is combined with free-energy calculations employing a thermodynamic integration method to predict the effects of mutations on enzyme activity. Ten GBSSI mutants with different enzyme activities were analyzed to find the structural and energy changes among different single amino-acid mutants and their possible relationship to starch characteristics. Comparing the structural changes and the relative binding free energy of G5 to the wild type GBSSI and GBSSI mutants, it was found that mutants with negative binding energy (lower than -2.0 kcal/mol) are more likely to have higher enzyme activity and amylose content compared to the wild type. This theoretical paper used simulations and robust free energy calculations to interpret in planta data with potential predictions as to what mutants might be generated to give desired properties. This study can be used to help develop grains with improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Zhang
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Alpeshkumar K Malde
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Jin SK, Xu LN, Leng YJ, Zhang MQ, Yang QQ, Wang SL, Jia SW, Song T, Wang RA, Tao T, Liu QQ, Cai XL, Gao JP. The OsNAC24-OsNAP protein complex activates OsGBSSI and OsSBEI expression to fine-tune starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2224-2240. [PMID: 37432878 PMCID: PMC10579716 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch accounts for up to 90% of the dry weight of rice endosperm and is a key determinant of grain quality. Although starch biosynthesis enzymes have been comprehensively studied, transcriptional regulation of starch-synthesis enzyme-coding genes (SECGs) is largely unknown. In this study, we explored the role of a NAC transcription factor, OsNAC24, in regulating starch biosynthesis in rice. OsNAC24 is highly expressed in developing endosperm. The endosperm of osnac24 mutants is normal in appearance as is starch granule morphology, while total starch content, amylose content, chain length distribution of amylopectin and the physicochemical properties of the starch are changed. In addition, the expression of several SECGs was altered in osnac24 mutant plants. OsNAC24 is a transcriptional activator that targets the promoters of six SECGs; OsGBSSI, OsSBEI, OsAGPS2, OsSSI, OsSSIIIa and OsSSIVb. Since both the mRNA and protein abundances of OsGBSSI and OsSBEI were decreased in the mutants, OsNAC24 functions to regulate starch synthesis mainly through OsGBSSI and OsSBEI. Furthermore, OsNAC24 binds to the newly identified motifs TTGACAA, AGAAGA and ACAAGA as well as the core NAC-binding motif CACG. Another NAC family member, OsNAP, interacts with OsNAC24 and coactivates target gene expression. Loss-of-function of OsNAP led to altered expression in all tested SECGs and reduced the starch content. These results demonstrate that the OsNAC24-OsNAP complex plays key roles in fine-tuning starch synthesis in rice endosperm and further suggest that manipulating the OsNAC24-OsNAP complex regulatory network could be a potential strategy for breeding rice cultivars with improved cooking and eating quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kui Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qiu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Lian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Wen Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-An Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ping Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory /Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Wang L, Liu L, Zhao J, Li C, Wu H, Zhao H, Wu Q. Granule-bound starch synthase in plants: Towards an understanding of their evolution, regulatory mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111843. [PMID: 37648115 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Amylose content (AC) is a significant quality trait in starchy crops, affecting their processing and application by the food and non-food industries. Therefore, fine-tuning AC in these crops has become a focus for breeders. Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is the core enzyme that directly determines the AC levels. Several excellent reviews have summarized key progress in various aspects of GBSS research in recent years, but they mostly focus on cereals. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of GBSS research in monocots and dicots, focusing on the molecular characteristics, evolutionary relationships, expression patterns, molecular regulation mechanisms, and applications. We also discuss future challenges and directions for controlling AC in starchy crops, and found simultaneously increasing both the PTST and GBSS gene expression levels may be an effective strategy to increase amylose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Linling Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Huala Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China.
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8
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Yang Q, Yuan Y, Liu J, Han M, Li J, Jin F, Feng B. Transcriptome analysis reveals new insights in the starch biosynthesis of non-waxy and waxy broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123155. [PMID: 36610580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Broomcorn millet is a popular cereal with health benefits, and its grains are rich in starch. However, the differences in the pathway and key genes involved in starch biosynthesis of waxy and non-waxy broomcorn millet grain remain unclear. Therefore, the grain and starch physicochemical index and transcriptomic analyses of two genotypes of broomcorn millet were conducted at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days after pollination. The phenotypic and physiological results indicated that the starch synthetic process of non-waxy and waxy broomcorn millet was significantly different. The amylose, amylopectin, and total starch contents of non-waxy broomcorn millet were 1.99, 4.74, and 6.73 mg/grain, while those of waxy broomcorn millet were 0.34, 5.94, and 6.28 mg/grain, respectively. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that 106 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly enriched in the "amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism", "pyruvate metabolism", "galactose metabolism", and "starch and sucrose metabolism" pathways. The WGCNA suggested that a total of 31 hub genes were correlated with starch biosynthesis. These findings provide a new approach to studying the starch synthesis in broomcorn millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengru Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Sharma V, Jahan K, Kumar P, Puri A, Sharma VK, Mishra A, Bharatam PV, Sharma D, Rishi V, Roy J. Mechanistic insights into granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI.L539P) allele in high amylose starch biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 36564499 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amylose fraction of grain starch is correlated with a type of resistant starch with better nutritional quality. Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) is the known starch synthase, responsible for elongation of linear amylose chains. GBSSI expression, activity, and binding to starch and other proteins are the key factors that can affect amylose content. Previously, a QTL, qhams7A.1 carrying GBSSI mutant allele, was identified through QTL mapping using F2 population of the high amylose mutant line, 'TAC 75'. This high amylose mutant line has >2-fold higher amylose content than wild variety 'C 306'. In this study, we characterized this novel mutant allele, GBSSI.L539P. In vitro starch synthase activity of GBSSI.L539P showed improved activity than the wild type (GBSSI-wt). When expressed in yeast glycogen synthase mutants (Δgsy1gsy2), GBSSI-wt and GBSSI.L539P partially complemented the glycogen synthase (gsy1gsy2) activity in yeast. Structural analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and homology modelling showed no significant structural distortion in the mutant enzyme. Molecular docking studies suggested that the residue Leu539 is distant from the catalytic active site (ADP binding pocket) and had no detectable conformational changes in active site. Both wild and mutant enzymes were assayed for starch binding in vitro, and demonstrating higher affinity of the GBSSI.L539P mutant for starch than the wild type. The present study indicated that distant residue (L539P) influenced GBSSI activity by affecting its starch-binding ability. Therefore, it may be a potential molecular target for enhanced amylose content in grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kousar Jahan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradhika Puri
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishnu K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ankita Mishra
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - P V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Rishi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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10
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Feng X, Rahman MM, Hu Q, Wang B, Karim H, Guzmán C, Harwood W, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Tang H, Jiang Y, Qi P, Deng M, Ma J, Lan J, Wang J, Chen G, Lan X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. HvGBSSI mutation at the splicing receptor site affected RNA splicing and decreased amylose content in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003333. [PMID: 36212333 PMCID: PMC9538149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Granule-bound starch synthase I (HvGBSSI) is encoded by the barley waxy (Wx-1) gene and is the sole enzyme in the synthesis of amylose. Here, a Wx-1 mutant was identified from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized barley population. There were two single-base mutations G1086A and A2424G in Wx-1 in the mutant (M2-1105). The G1086A mutation is located at the 3' splicing receptor (AG) site of the fourth intron, resulting in an abnormal RNA splicing. The A2424G mutation was a synonymous mutation in the ninth intron. The pre-mRNA of Wx-1 was incorrectly spliced and transcribed into two abnormal transcripts. The type I transcript had a 6 bp deletion in the 5' of fifth exon, leading to a translated HvGBSSI protein lacking two amino acids with a decreased starch-binding capacity. In the type II transcript, the fourth intron was incorrectly cleaved and retained, resulting in the premature termination of the barley Wx-1 gene. The mutations in the Wx-1 decreased the enzymatic activity of the HvGBSSI enzyme and resulted in a decreased level in amylose content. This work sheds light on a new Wx-1 gene inaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Md. Mostafijur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hassan Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Biochemical markers for low glycemic index and approaches to alter starch digestibility in rice. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Zhu Q, Zhang M, Liu B, Wen F, Yang Z, Liu J. Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling of a Novel Isolate Chlorella sorokiniana G32 (Chlorophyta) Displaying Enhanced Starch Accumulation at High Growth Rate Under Mixotrophic Condition. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:760307. [PMID: 35069466 PMCID: PMC8770532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.760307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sorokiniana is one of the most productive microalgal species with a high potential for the production of biofuels and other high value-added molecules. Many studies have focused on its capability of mixotrophic growth using reduced organic carbon and growth pattern shift between autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. In this study, we investigated growth patterns of a novel isolate, C. sorokiniana G32, under mixotrophic growth conditions supplemented with a low level (1.25 g L-1) and a high level (5 g L-1) of glucose. Physiological, transcriptomic (i.e., RNA-seq), and metabolomic (i.e., LC-MS/MS) methods were used. We showed that peak growth based on OD680nm absorbance is ∼4-fold higher with high glucose vs. low glucose supplementation. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) in G32 mixotrophic cultures with high or low glucose supplementation remains identical to that of G32 phototrophic growth. We also found that the conversion rate between absorbance-based cell density and cell dry weight with high glucose supplementation was lower than with low glucose. This suggests that more cell biomass is produced under high glucose treatment than with low glucose. The result was confirmed via sucrose density gradient centrifugation. It is likely that accumulation of high concentration of starch may account for this effect. Transcriptomic analysis of G32 cultures (i.e., via RNA-seq) in response to reciprocal change of glucose levels reveals that expression of a subset of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is correlated with the amount of glucose supplementation. These DEGs are designated as glucose-specific responsive (GSR) genes. GSR genes are enriched for a number of energy metabolic pathways. Together with metabolomics data (i.e., LC-MS/MS), we show that under high-level supplementation, glucose is preferentially oxidized through an oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Collectively, our results indicate the mechanism of regulation of glucose assimilation and energy metabolism in G32 under mixotrophic conditions with different levels of glucose supplementation revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. We propose that C. sorokiniana G32 has the potential for the production of high value-added molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhu
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bingying Liu
- Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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13
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Zhao S, Wang H, Chen H, Lin L, Liu Q, Wei C. Screening and identification of rice non-floury endosperm mutants with different starch components. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Zhang H, Xu H, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Wang F, Zhu Y. Genetic Control and High Temperature Effects on Starch Biosynthesis and Grain Quality in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:757997. [PMID: 34975940 PMCID: PMC8718882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.757997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Grain quality is one of the key targets to be improved for rice breeders and covers cooking, eating, nutritional, appearance, milling, and sensory properties. Cooking and eating quality are mostly of concern to consumers and mainly determined by starch structure and composition. Although many starch synthesis enzymes have been identified and starch synthesis system has been established for a long time, novel functions of some starch synthesis genes have continually been found, and many important regulatory factors for seed development and grain quality control have recently been identified. Here, we summarize the progress in this field as comprehensively as possible and hopefully reveal some underlying molecular mechanisms controlling eating quality in rice. The regulatory network of amylose content (AC) determination is emphasized, as AC is the most important index for rice eating quality (REQ). Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of REQ, especially AC influenced by high temperature which is concerned as a most harmful environmental factor during grain filling is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Zhang S, Li C, Gilbert RG, Malde AK. Understanding the Binding of Starch Fragments to Granule-Bound Starch Synthase. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4730-4737. [PMID: 34669391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) plays a major role, that of chain elongation, in the biosynthesis of amylose, a starch component with mostly (1 → 4)-α connected long chains of glucose with a few (1 → 6)-α branch points. Chain-length distributions (CLDs) of amylose affect functional properties, which can be controlled by changing appropriate residues on granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). Knowing the binding of GBSS and amylose at a molecular level can help better determine the key amino acids on GBSS that affect CLDs of amylose for subsequent use in molecular engineering. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent and docking approaches were used in this study to build a model of the binding between rice GBSS and amylose. Amylose fragments containing 3-12 linearly linked glucose units were built to represent the starch fragments. The stability of the complexes, interactions between GBSS and sugars, and difference in structure/conformation of bound and free starch fragments were analyzed. The study found that starch/amylose fragments with 5 or 6 glucose units were suitable for modeling starch binding to GBSS. The removal of an interdomain disulfide on GBSS was found to affect both GBSS and starch stability. Key residues that could affect the binding ability were also indicated. This model can help rationalize the design of mutants and suggest ways to make single-point mutations, which could be used to develop plants producing starches with improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cheng Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alpeshkumar K Malde
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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Huang L, Tan H, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu Q. Starch biosynthesis in cereal endosperms: An updated review over the last decade. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100237. [PMID: 34746765 PMCID: PMC8554040 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a vital energy source for living organisms and is a key raw material and additive in the food and non-food industries. Starch has received continuous attention in multiple research fields. The endosperm of cereals (e.g., rice, corn, wheat, and barley) is the most important site for the synthesis of storage starch. Around 2010, several excellent reviews summarized key progress in various fields of starch research, serving as important references for subsequent research. In the past 10 years, many achievements have been made in the study of starch synthesis and regulation in cereals. The present review provides an update on research progress in starch synthesis of cereal endosperms over the past decade, focusing on new enzymes and non-enzymatic proteins involved in starch synthesis, regulatory networks of starch synthesis, and the use of elite alleles of starch synthesis-related genes in cereal breeding programs. We also provide perspectives on future research directions that will further our understanding of cereal starch biosynthesis and regulation to support the rational design of ideal quality grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongyan Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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17
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Gann PJ, Esguerra M, Counce PA, Srivastava V. Genotype-dependent and heat-induced grain chalkiness in rice correlates with the expression patterns of starch biosynthesis genes. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:165-176. [PMID: 37283703 PMCID: PMC10168090 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Starch biosynthesis is a complex process underlying grain chalkiness in rice in a genotype-dependent manner. Coordinated expression of starch biosynthesis genes is important for producing translucent rice grains, while disruption in this process leads to opaque or chalky grains. To better understand the dynamics of starch biosynthesis genes in grain chalkiness, six rice genotypes showing variable chalk levels were subjected to gene expression analysis during reproductive stages. In the chalky genotypes, peak expression of the large subunit genes of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), encoding the first key step in starch biosynthesis, occurred in the stages before grain filling commenced, creating a gap with the upregulation of starch synthase genes, granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and starch synthase IIA (SSIIA). Whereas, in low-chalk genotypes, AGPase large subunit genes expressed at later stages, generally following the expression patterns of GBSSI and SSIIA. However, heat treatment altered the expression in a genotype-dependent manner that was accompanied by transformed grain morphology and increased chalkiness. The suppression of AGPase subunit genes during early grain filling stages was observed in the chalky genotypes or upon heat treatment, which could result in a limited pool of ADP-Glucose for synthesizing amylose and amylopectin, the major components of the starch. This suboptimal starch biosynthesis process could subsequently lead to inefficient grain filling and air pockets that contribute to chalkiness. In summary, this study suggests a mechanism of grain chalkiness based on the expression patterns of the starch biosynthesis genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James Gann
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
| | | | - Paul Allen Counce
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
- Rice Research and Extension CenterStuttgartARUSA
| | - Vibha Srivastava
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
- Department of HorticultureUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
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18
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Zhang C, Yang Y, Chen S, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhou L, Lu Y, Li Q, Fan X, Tang S, Gu M, Liu Q. A rare Waxy allele coordinately improves rice eating and cooking quality and grain transparency. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:889-901. [PMID: 32886440 PMCID: PMC8246539 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa), amylose content (AC) is the major factor that determines eating and cooking quality (ECQ). The diversity in AC is largely attributed to natural allelic variation at the Waxy (Wx) locus. Here we identified a rare Wx allele, Wxmw , which combines a favorable AC, improved ECQ and grain transparency. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of Wx genomic sequences from 370 rice accessions, we speculated that Wxmw may have derived from recombination between two important natural Wx alleles, Wxin and Wxb . We validated the effects of Wxmw on rice grain quality using both transgenic lines and near-isogenic lines (NILs). When introgressed into the japonica Nipponbare (NIP) background, Wxmw resulted in a moderate AC that was intermediate between that of NILs carrying the Wxb allele and NILs with the Wxmp allele. Notably, mature grains of NILs fixed for Wxmw had an improved transparent endosperm relative to soft rice. Further, we introduced Wxmw into a high-yielding japonica cultivar via molecular marker-assisted selection: the introgressed lines exhibited clear improvements in ECQ and endosperm transparency. Our results suggest that Wxmw is a promising allele to improve grain quality, especially ECQ and grain transparency of high-yielding japonica cultivars, in rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Xueju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Jihui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Shuzhu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
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19
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Huang L, Sreenivasulu N, Liu Q. Waxy Editing: Old Meets New. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:963-966. [PMID: 32828690 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Waxy (Wx) gene that governs amylose synthesis is an old but widely used target in improving the quality of starchy crops. New genome-editing strategies are being deployed to create beneficial Wx alleles with finely tuned amylose content (AC). Precise targeting must be combined with traditional approaches to develop healthier and high-quality breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Applied Functional Genomics Cluster, Grain Quality and Nutrition Centre, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos 4030, Philippines.
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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20
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Shao Y, Peng Y, Mao B, Lv Q, Yuan D, Liu X, Zhao B. Allelic variations of the Wx locus in cultivated rice and their use in the development of hybrid rice in China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232279. [PMID: 32369522 PMCID: PMC7199927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To make better use of global germplasm resources for improving the eating quality of hybrid rice, using the resequencing data from the 3,000 rice genomes project (3K RGP), the allelic variations of the rice Wx locus were analysed. With the exception of five rare alleles discovered for the first time in our study, most of these alleles were known alleles of Wx. Furthermore, a set of Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers based on these Wx alleles have been developed, and thirty-six main parents of hybrid rice from 1976 to 2018 were selected for Wx genotyping. The results showed that only three Wx alleles existed in the main parents of hybrids, and the allelic combination of the hybrids changed from Wxa/Wxb and Wxlv/Wxb to Wxb/Wxb with the development of hybrid rice. Wxb is widely used in the male parents of hybrid rice. Wxa and Wxlv were used in the female parents of early hybrid rice, and they were gradually replaced by Wxb. In the future, more favourable Wx alleles from cultivated rice should be identified, introduced, and effectively used to improve hybrid rice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Shao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Bigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Qiming Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Dingyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Xionglun Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (BZ)
| | - Bingran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (BZ)
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21
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Gurunathan S, Ramadoss BR, Mudili V, Siddaiah C, Kalagatur NK, Bapu JRK, Mohan CD, Alqarawi AA, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Starch Biosynthetic Genes Associated With Increased Resistant Starch Concentration in Rice Mutant. Front Genet 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31803220 PMCID: PMC6872638 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant Starch (RS), plays a crucial role in human health and nutrition by controlling glucose metabolism. RS or dietary fibre content in rice is low because it goes through a variety of process before it is ready for cooking and consumption. Hence, this study was carried out to develop a rice mutant with increased RS. The rice mutant (γ278) with increased RS was developed by utilizing gamma (γ) rays as a mutagen. Mutant γ278 was characterized for mutations in the starch biosynthetic genes viz., GBSSI, SSI, SSIIa, SSIIIa, SBEIa, and SBEIIb to reveal the functional mutations/variations led to high RS content in rice. A total of 31 sequence variants/mutations in six genes were identified. We report the discovery of three deleterious mutation/variants each in GBSSI, SSIIa, and SSIIIa with the potential to increase RS content in rice. Further, wild × mutant crosses were made to develop an F2 population to study the effect of combination of deleterious mutations. The SNP (GBSSI:ssIIa:ssIIIa) combination responsible for high RS content in F2 population was identified and recorded highest amylose content (AC) (26.18%) and RS (8.68%) content. In conclusion, this marker combination will be highly useful to develop a rice variety with increased RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Gurunathan
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Venkataramana Mudili
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology, Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Zhang L, Zhao L, Zhang J, Cai X, Liu Q, Wei C. Relationships between transparency, amylose content, starch cavity, and moisture of brown rice kernels. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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He W, Lin L, Wang J, Zhang L, Liu Q, Wei C. Inhibition of starch branching enzymes in waxy rice increases the proportion of long branch-chains of amylopectin resulting in the comb-like profiles of starch granules. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:177-187. [PMID: 30466583 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Starches with comb-like profiles have been detected in some cereal endosperms with inhibiting expression of starch branching enzyme (SBE). Although amylose is considered to be an important factor in the formation of the comb-like profile, the details remain unclear. In this study, a transgenic rice line (GLXN-SBEI/IIb-) was derived from japonica waxy rice cultivar Guang-ling-xiang-nuo (GLXN) through antisense RNA inhibition of both SBEI and SBEIIb. The expression and activity of SBEI, SBEIIb and SBEIIa were declined. The GLXN-SBEI/IIb- endosperm contained large and small starch granules, and these starch granules had the comb-like profiles. The comb-like profiles of starches were detected in GLXN-SBEI/IIb- endosperm after 10 days after flowering with gradually increasing proportion of long branch-chains of amylopectin. The long branch-chains of amylopectin were responsible for forming the comb-like profiles at the outer region of starch granules. The gradually decreasing expression of SBEs influenced the synthesis of amylopectin during endosperm development, resulting in different structure between the inner and outer regions of starch granules from GLXN-SBEI/IIb- endosperm. The above results indicated that the long branch-chains of amylopectin, not amylose, led to the formation of comb-like profiles of starch granules in cereal crops with inhibiting expression of SBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lingshang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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24
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The relationship between enzyme hydrolysis and the components of rice starches with the same genetic background and amylopectin structure but different amylose contents. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Li QF, Huang LC, Chu R, Li J, Jiang MY, Zhang CQ, Fan XL, Yu HX, Gu MH, Liu QQ. Down-Regulation of SSSII-2 Gene Expression Results in Novel Low-Amylose Rice with Soft, Transparent Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9750-9760. [PMID: 30160954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although soft rice, with low amylose content (AC), has high eating and cooking quality (ECQ), its appearance is poor due to the opaque endosperm. Here, a novel soft rice with low AC but a transparent appearance was generated by knocking-down the expression of SSSII-2, a gene encoding one isoform of soluble starch synthase (SSS). The physicochemical properties of the SSSII-2 RNAi rice are quite different from the control but more like the popular soft rice "Nanjing 46". The taste value assay further demonstrated that the ECQ of SSSII-2 RNAi rice was as high as "Nanjing 46", but only SSSII-2 RNAi rice retained the transparent endosperm under low moisture conditions. Further examination showed that the different morphologies and fine structures of the starch granules may contribute to the specific properties of SSSII-2 RNAi rice. Therefore, SSSII-2 has potential application in future high quality rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Rui Chu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Mei-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Heng-Xiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Ming-Hong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
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26
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A Novel Mutation of OsPPDKB, Encoding Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase, Affects Metabolism and Structure of Starch in the Rice Endosperm. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082268. [PMID: 30072633 PMCID: PMC6121672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch, as a main energy storage substance, plays an important role in plant growth and human life. Despite the fact that several enzymes and regulators involved in starch biosynthesis have been identified, the regulating mechanism of starch synthesis is still unclear. In this study, we isolated a rice floury endosperm mutant M14 from a mutant pool induced by 60Co. Both total starch content and amylose content in M14 seeds significantly decreased, and starch thermal and pasting properties changed. Compound starch granules were defected in the floury endosperm of M14 seeds. Map-based cloning and a complementation test showed that the floury endosperm phenotype was determined by a gene of OsPPDKB, which encodes pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK, EC 2.7.9.1). Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that PPDK was localized in chloroplast and cytoplasm, the chOsPPDKB highly expressed in leaf and leaf sheath, and the cyOsPPDKB constitutively expressed with a high expression in developing endosperm. Moreover, the expression of starch synthesis-related genes was also obviously altered in M14 developing endosperm. The above results indicated that PPDK played an important role in starch metabolism and structure in rice endosperm.
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27
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Gao M, Zhang S, Luo C, He X, Wei S, Jiang W, He F, Lin Z, Yan M, Dong W. Transcriptome analysis of starch and sucrose metabolism across bulb development in Sagittaria sagittifolia. Gene 2018; 649:99-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Zhang H, Xu H, Feng M, Zhu Y. Suppression of OsMADS7 in rice endosperm stabilizes amylose content under high temperature stress. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:18-26. [PMID: 28429576 PMCID: PMC5785353 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High temperature significantly alters the amylose content of rice, resulting in mature grains with poor eating quality. However, only few genes and/or quantitative trait loci involved in this process have been isolated and the molecular mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. Here, we describe a floral organ identity gene, OsMADS7, involved in stabilizing rice amylose content at high temperature. OsMADS7 is greatly induced by high temperature at the early filling stage. Constitutive suppression of OsMADS7 stabilizes amylose content under high temperature stress but results in low spikelet fertility. However, rice plants with both stable amylose content at high temperature and normal spikelet fertility can be obtained by specifically suppressing OsMADS7 in endosperm. GBSSI is the major enzyme responsible for amylose biosynthesis. A low filling rate and high expression of GBSSI were detected in OsMADS7 RNAi plants at high temperature, which may be correlated with stabilized amylose content in these transgenic seeds under high temperature. Thus, specific suppression of OsMADS7 in endosperm could improve the stability of rice amylose content at high temperature, and such transgenic materials may be a valuable genetic resource for breeding rice with elite thermal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease ControlKey Laboratory of Creative AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease ControlKey Laboratory of Creative AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease ControlKey Laboratory of Creative AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease ControlKey Laboratory of Creative AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
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29
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Li Q, Liu X, Zhang C, Jiang L, Jiang M, Zhong M, Fan X, Gu M, Liu Q. Rice Soluble Starch Synthase I: Allelic Variation, Expression, Function, and Interaction With Waxy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1591. [PMID: 30483281 PMCID: PMC6243471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Starch, which is composed of amylose and amylopectin, is the key determinant of rice quality. Amylose is regulated by the Waxy (Wx) gene, whereas amylopectin is coordinated by various enzymes including eight soluble starch synthases (SSSs), of which SSSI accounts for ∼70% of the total SSS activity in cereal endosperm. Although great progress has been made in understanding SSSI gene expression and function, allelic variation and its effects on gene expression, rice physicochemical properties and qualities, and interactions with the Wx gene remain unclear. Herein, SSSI nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed in 165 rice varieties using five distinct molecular markers, three of which reside in an SSSI promoter and might account for a higher expression of the SSSIi allele in indica ssp. than of the SSSIj allele in japonica ssp. The results of SSSI promoter-Beta-Glucuronidase (β-GUS) analysis were consistent with the expression results. Moreover, analysis of near isogenic lines (NILs) in the Nipponbare (Nip) background showed that Nip (SSSIi ) and Nip (SSSIj ) differed in their thermal properties, gel consistency (GC), and granule crystal structure. Knockdown of SSSI expression using the SSSI-RNA interference (RNAi) construct in both japonica and indica backgrounds caused consistent changes in most tested physicochemical characteristics except GC. Moreover, taste value analysis (TVA) showed that introduction of the SSSI allele in indica or knockdown of SSSI expression in japonica cultivars significantly reduced the comprehensive taste value, which was consistent with the superior taste of japonica against indica. Furthermore, to test the potential interaction between SSSI and different Wx alleles, three NILs within the Wx locus were generated in the indica cv. Longtefu (LTF) background, which were designated as LTF (Wxa ), LTF (Wxb ), and LTF (wx). The SSSI-RNAi construct was also introduced into these three NILs, and physiochemical analysis confirmed that the knockdown of SSSI significantly increased the rice apparent amylose content (AAC) only in the Wxa and Wxb background and caused different changes in GC in the NILs. Therefore, the effect of SSSI variation on rice quality also depends on its crosstalk with other factors, especially the Wx gene. These findings provide fundamental knowledge for future breeding of rice with premium eating and cooking qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaoquan Liu,
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Wambugu P, Ndjiondjop M, Furtado A, Henry R. Sequencing of bulks of segregants allows dissection of genetic control of amylose content in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:100-110. [PMID: 28499072 PMCID: PMC5785344 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amylose content (AC) is a key quality trait in rice. A cross between Oryza glaberrima (African rice) and Oryza sativa (Asian rice) segregating for AC was analysed by sequencing bulks of individuals with high and low AC. SNP associated with the granule bound starch synthase (GBSS1) locus on chromosome 6 were polymorphic between the bulks. In particular, a G/A SNP that would result in an Asp to Asn mutation was identified. This amino acid substitution may be responsible for differences in GBSS activity as it is adjacent to a disulphide linkage conserved in all grass GBSS proteins. Other polymorphisms in genomic regions closely surrounding this variation may be the result of linkage drag. In addition to the variant in the starch biosynthesis gene, SNP on chromosomes 1 and 11 linked to AC was also identified. SNP was found in the genes encoding the NAC and CCAAT-HAP5 transcription factors that have previously been linked to starch biosynthesis. This study has demonstrated that the approach of sequencing bulks was able to identify genes on different chromosomes associated with this complex trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peterson Wambugu
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Present address:
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)Genetic Resources Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | | | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Robert Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
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Zhang C, Chen S, Ren X, Lu Y, Liu D, Cai X, Li Q, Gao J, Liu Q. Molecular Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Rice with Different Amylose Contents Resulting from Modification of OsGBSSI Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2222-2232. [PMID: 28241110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OsGBSSI, encoded by the Waxy (Wx) gene, is the key enzyme in the synthesis of amylose chains. Transgenic rice lines with various GBSSI activities were previously developed via site-directed mutagenesis of the Wx gene in the glutinous cultivar Guanglingxiangnuo (GLXN). In this study, grain morphology, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties were investigated in four transgenic lines with modified OsGBSSI activity and differences in amylose content. A milky opaque appearance was observed in low- and non-amylose rice grains due to air spaces in the starch granules. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) analyses showed that although OsGBSSI can synthesize intermediate and extra-long amylopectin chains, it is mainly responsible for the longer amylose chains. Amylose content was positively correlated with trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, pasting time, pasting temperature, and gelatinization temperature and negatively with gel consistency, breakdown viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy, and crystallinity. Overall, the findings suggest that OsGBSSI may be also involved in amylopectin biosynthesis, in turn affecting grain appearance, thermal and pasting properties, and the crystalline structure of starches in the rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Derui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuling Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiping Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
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Kuang Q, Xu J, Wang K, Zhou S, Liu X. Structure and digestion of hybrid Indica rice starch and its biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:402-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Birla DS, Malik K, Sainger M, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal R, Jaiwal PK. Progress and challenges in improving the nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativaL.). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2455-2481. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1084992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shikha Birla
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kapil Malik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Manish Sainger
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Darshna Chaudhary
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pawan K. Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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