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Dermail A, Mitchell M, Foster T, Fakude M, Chen YR, Suriharn K, Frei UK, Lübberstedt T. Haploid identification in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1378421. [PMID: 38708398 PMCID: PMC11067884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1378421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) line production through in vivo maternal haploid induction is widely adopted in maize breeding programs. The established protocol for DH production includes four steps namely in vivo maternal haploid induction, haploid identification, genome doubling of haploid, and self-fertilization of doubled haploids. Since modern haploid inducers still produce relatively small portion of haploids among undesirable hybrid kernels, haploid identification is typically laborious, costly, and time-consuming, making this step the second foremost in the DH technique. This manuscript reviews numerous methods for haploid identification from different approaches including the innate differences in haploids and diploids, biomarkers integrated in haploid inducers, and automated seed sorting. The phenotypic differentiation, genetic basis, advantages, and limitations of each biomarker system are highlighted. Several approaches of automated seed sorting from different research groups are also discussed regarding the platform or instrument used, sorting time, accuracy, advantages, limitations, and challenges before they go through commercialization. The past haploid selection was focusing on finding the distinguishable marker systems with the key to effectiveness. The current haploid selection is adopting multiple reliable biomarker systems with the key to efficiency while seeking the possibility for automation. Fully automated high-throughput haploid sorting would be promising in near future with the key to robustness with retaining the feasible level of accuracy. The system that can meet between three major constraints (time, workforce, and budget) and the sorting scale would be the best option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abil Dermail
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Mariah Mitchell
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tyler Foster
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mercy Fakude
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yu-Ru Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Khundej Suriharn
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Guo L, Chao H, Yin Y, Li H, Wang H, Zhao W, Hou D, Zhang L, Zhang C, Li M. New insight into the genetic basis of oil content based on noninvasive three-dimensional phenotyping and tissue-specific transcriptome in Brassica napus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:88. [PMID: 37221547 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing seed oil content is the most important breeding goal in Brassica napus, and phenotyping is crucial to dissect its genetic basis in crops. To date, QTL mapping for oil content has been based on whole seeds, and the lipid distribution is far from uniform in different tissues of seeds in B. napus. In this case, the phenotype based on whole seeds was unable to sufficiently reveal the complex genetic characteristics of seed oil content. RESULTS Here, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of lipid was determined for B. napus seeds by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D quantitative analysis, and ten novel oil content-related traits were obtained by subdividing the seeds. Based on a high-density genetic linkage map, 35 QTLs were identified for 4 tissues, the outer cotyledon (OC), inner cotyledon (IC), radicle (R) and seed coat (SC), which explained up to 13.76% of the phenotypic variation. Notably, 14 tissue-specific QTLs were reported for the first time, 7 of which were novel. Moreover, haplotype analysis showed that the favorable alleles for different seed tissues exhibited cumulative effects on oil content. Furthermore, tissue-specific transcriptomes revealed that more active energy and pyruvate metabolism influenced carbon flow in the IC, OC and R than in the SC at the early and middle seed development stages, thus affecting the distribution difference in oil content. Combining tissue-specific QTL mapping and transcriptomics, 86 important candidate genes associated with lipid metabolism were identified that underlie 19 unique QTLs, including the fatty acid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme-related gene CAC2, in the QTLs for OC and IC. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides further insight into the genetic basis of seed oil content at the tissue-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxing Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huaixin Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dalin Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Tsuji T, Ono T, Taguchi H, Leong KH, Hayashi Y, Kumada S, Okada K, Onuki Y. Continuous Monitoring of the Hydration Behavior of Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets Using Time-Domain NMR. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:576-583. [PMID: 37394606 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) was used for continuous monitoring of the hydration behavior of hydrophilic matrix tablets. The model matrix tablets comprised high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The model tablets were immersed in water. Their T2 relaxation curves were acquired by TD-NMR with solid-echo sequence. A curve-fitting analysis was conducted on the acquired T2 relaxation curves to identify the NMR signals corresponding to the nongelated core remaining in the samples. The amount of nongelated core was estimated from the NMR signal intensity. The estimated values were consistent with the experiment measurement values. Next, the model tablets immersed in water were monitored continuously using TD-NMR. The difference in hydration behaviors of the HPMC and PEO matrix tablets was then characterized fully. The nongelated core of the HPMC matrix tablets disappeared more slowly than that of the PEO matrix tablets. The behavior of HPMC was significantly affected by the PEG content in the tablets. It is suggested that the TD-NMR method has potential to be utilized to evaluate the gel layer properties, upon replacement of the immersion medium: purified (nondeuterated) water is replaced with heavy (deuterated) water. Finally, drug-containing matrix tablets were tested. Diltiazem hydrochloride (a highly water-soluble drug) was employed for this experiment. Reasonable in vitro drug dissolution profiles, which were in accordance with the results from TD-NMR experiments, were observed. We concluded that TD-NMR is a powerful tool to evaluate the hydration properties of hydrophilic matrix tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuji
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Ono
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Hiromu Taguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kotaro Okada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Tsuji T, Kobayashi R, Hayashi Y, Kumada S, Mizuguchi M, Okada K, Onuki Y. Determination of Hardness of a Pharmaceutical Oral Jelly by Using <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> Relaxation Behavior Measured by Time-Domain NMR. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:558-565. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuji
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Kotaro Okada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Chiba Y, Okada K, Hayashi Y, Leong KH, Kumada S, Onuki Y. Characterization of the Salt and Free Base of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Based on NMR Relaxometry Measured by Time Domain NMR. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:162-168. [PMID: 35110437 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NMR relaxometry measurement by time domain NMR (TD-NMR) is a promising technique for characterizing the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This study is dedicated to identifying the salt and free base of APIs by NMR relaxometry measured by the TD-NMR technique. Procaine (PC) and tetracaine (TC) were selected as model APIs to be tested. By using conventional methods including powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, this study first confirmed that the salt and free base of the tested APIs differ from each other in their crystalline form. Subsequently, measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation were performed on the tested APIs using TD-NMR. The results demonstrated that these NMR relaxometry measurements have sufficient capacity to distinguish the difference between the free base and salt of the tested APIs. Furthermore, quantification of the composition of the binary powder blends consisting of salt and free bases was conducted by analyzing the acquired T1 and T2 relaxation curves. The analysis of the T1 relaxation curves provided a partly acceptable estimation: a good estimation of the composition was observed from PC powders, whereas for TC powders the estimation accuracy changed with the free base content in the binary blends. For the analysis on T2 relaxation curves, a precise estimation of the composition was observed from all the samples. From these findings, the NMR relaxometry measurement by TD-NMR, in particular the T2 relaxation measurement, is effective for evaluating the properties of APIs having different crystalline forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Chiba
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Kotaro Okada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Boukail S, Macharia M, Miculan M, Masoni A, Calamai A, Palchetti E, Dell'Acqua M. Genome wide association study of agronomic and seed traits in a world collection of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:330. [PMID: 34243721 PMCID: PMC8268170 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The climate crisis threatens sustainability of crop production worldwide. Crop diversification may enhance food security while reducing the negative impacts of climate change. Proso millet (Panicum milaceum L.) is a minor cereal crop which holds potential for diversification and adaptation to different environmental conditions. In this study, we assembled a world collection of proso millet consisting of 88 varieties and landraces to investigate its genomic and phenotypic diversity for seed traits, and to identify marker-trait associations (MTA). RESULTS Sequencing of restriction-site associated DNA fragments yielded 494 million reads and 2,412 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were used to study the diversity in the collection and perform a genome wide association study (GWAS). A genotypic diversity analysis separated accessions originating in Western Europe, Eastern Asia and Americas from accessions sampled in Southern Asia, Western Asia, and Africa. A Bayesian structure analysis reported four cryptic genetic groups, showing that landraces accessions had a significant level of admixture and that most of the improved proso millet materials clustered separately from landraces. The collection was highly diverse for seed traits, with color varying from white to dark brown and width spanning from 1.8 to 2.6 mm. A GWAS study for seed morphology traits identified 10 MTAs. In addition, we identified three MTAs for agronomic traits that were previously measured on the collection. CONCLUSION Using genomics and automated seed phenotyping, we elucidated phylogenetic relationships and seed diversity in a global millet collection. Overall, we identified 13 MTAs for key agronomic and seed traits indicating the presence of alleles with potential for application in proso breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Boukail
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mercy Macharia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mara Miculan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Masoni
- School of Agriculture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Dell'Acqua
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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Ohgi K, Hayashi Y, Tsuji T, Ito T, Leong KH, Usuda S, Kumada S, Okada K, Onuki Y. Time-domain NMR analysis for the determination of water content in pharmaceutical ingredients and wet granules. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120770. [PMID: 34111545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The application of time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) analysis to quantify water content in pharmaceutical ingredients is demonstrated. The initial phase of the study employed a range of disintegrants with defined amounts of added water (0-30% of the total weight) as samples; the disintegrants included croscarmellose sodium, corn starch, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, and crospovidone. After acquisition of the T2 relaxation curves of the samples by TD-NMR measurements, these curves were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) regression. According to the analysis, accurate and reliable PLS models were created that enabled accurate assessment of water content in the samples. A powder blend consisting of acetaminophen (paracetamol) and tablet excipients was also examined. Both a physical mixture of the powder blend and a wet granule prepared with a high-speed granulator were tested as samples in this study. Precise determination of water content in the powder blend was achieved by using the TD-NMR method. The accuracy of water content determination was equivalent to or better than that of the conventional loss on drying method. TD-NMR analysis samples were measured nondestructively and rapidly with low cost; thus, it could be a powerful quantitative method for determining water content in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ohgi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Terushi Ito
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shui Usuda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Kotaro Okada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Windt CW, Nabel M, Kochs J, Jahnke S, Schurr U. A Mobile NMR Sensor and Relaxometric Method to Non-destructively Monitor Water and Dry Matter Content in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:617768. [PMID: 33613603 PMCID: PMC7892787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.617768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Water content (WC) and dry matter content (DMC) are some of the most basic parameters to describe plant growth and yield, but are exceptionally difficult to measure non-invasively. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry may fill this methodological gap. It allows non-invasive detection of protons in liquids and solids, and on the basis of these measures, can be used to quantify liquid and dry matter contents of seeds and plants. Unfortunately, most existing NMR relaxometers are large, unwieldy and not suitable to measure intact plants or to be used under field conditions. In addition, currently the appropriate NMR relaxometric methods are poorly suited for non-expert use. We here present a novel approach to overcome these drawbacks. We demonstrate that a basic NMR relaxometer with the capability to accept intact plants, in combination with straightforward NMR and data processing methods, can be used as an NMR plant sensor to continuously, quantitatively and non-invasively monitor changes in WC and DMC. This can be done in vivo, in situ, and with high temporal resolution. The method is validated by showing that measured liquid and solid proton densities accurately reflect WC and DMC of reference samples. The NMR plant sensor is demonstrated in an experimental context by monitoring WC of rice leaves under osmotic stress, and by measuring the dynamics of water and dry matter accumulation during seed filling in a developing wheat ear. It is further demonstrated how the method can be used to estimate leaf water potential on the basis of changes in leaf water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel W. Windt
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Moritz Nabel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Kochs
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Biology Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Luthar Z, Zhou M, Golob A, Germ M. Breeding Buckwheat for Increased Levels and Improved Quality of Protein. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E14. [PMID: 33374117 PMCID: PMC7824328 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) are important sources of proteins with balanced amino-acid compositions, and thus of high nutritional value. The polyphenols naturally present in Tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat lower the true digestibility of the proteins. Digestion-resistant peptides are a vehicle for fecal excretion of steroids, and in this way, for bile acid elimination and reduction of cholesterol concentrations in serum. Buckwheat proteins are more effective compared to soy proteins for the prevention of gallstone formation. Tartary and common buckwheat grain that contains appropriate amounts of selenium-containing amino acids can be produced as functional food products. The protein-rich by-products of buckwheat are a good source of bioactive substances that can suppress colon carcinogenesis by reducing cell proliferation. The grain embryo is a rich source of proteins, so breeding buckwheat with larger embryos is a possible strategy to increase protein levels in Tartary and common buckwheat grain. However, chemical analysis of the grain is the most relevant criterion for assessing grain protein levels and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Z.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Z.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Z.L.); (A.G.)
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Ougi K, Okada K, Leong KH, Hayashi Y, Kumada S, Onuki Y. Effect of the molecular mobility of water adsorbed by disintegrants on storage-induced hydrolytic degradation of acetylsalicylic acid incorporated into tablets under humid conditions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Medeiros ADDE, Silva LJDA, Pereira MÁD, Oliveira AMS, Dias DCFS. High-throughput phenotyping of brachiaria grass seeds using free access tool for analyzing X-ray images. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92 Suppl 1:e20190209. [PMID: 32638865 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches based on image analysis can assist in phenotyping of biological characteristics, serving as support for decision-making in modern agribusiness. The aim of this study was to propose a method of high-throughput phenotyping of free access for processing of 2D X-ray images of brachiaria grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Ruziziensis) seeds, as well as correlate the parameters linked to the physiological potential of the seeds. The study was carried out by means of automated analysis of X-ray images of seeds in which a macro, called PhenoXray, was developed, responsible for digital image processing, for which a series of descriptors were obtained. After the X-ray analysis, a germination test was performed on the seeds and, from this, variables related to the physiological quality of the seeds were obtained. The use of the macro PhenoXray allowed large-scale phenotyping of seed X-rays in a simple, rapid, robust, and totally free manner. This study confirmed that the methodology is efficient for obtaining morphometric data and tissue integrity data in Brachiaria ruziziensis seeds and that parameters such as relative density, integrated density, and seed filling are closely related to the physiological attributes of seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- AndrÉ D DE Medeiros
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Departamento de Agronomia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - LaÉrcio J DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Departamento de Agronomia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - MÁrcio D Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Unidade Acadêmica Especializada em Ciências Agrárias, Macaiba, RN, Brazil
| | - Ariadne M S Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Departamento de Agronomia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise C F S Dias
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Departamento de Agronomia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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12
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Nguyen GN, Norton SL. Genebank Phenomics: A Strategic Approach to Enhance Value and Utilization of Crop Germplasm. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E817. [PMID: 32610615 PMCID: PMC7411623 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically diverse plant germplasm stored in ex-situ genebanks are excellent resources for breeding new high yielding and sustainable crop varieties to ensure future food security. Novel alleles have been discovered through routine genebank activities such as seed regeneration and characterization, with subsequent utilization providing significant genetic gains and improvements for the selection of favorable traits, including yield, biotic, and abiotic resistance. Although some genebanks have implemented cost-effective genotyping technologies through advances in DNA technology, the adoption of modern phenotyping is lagging. The introduction of advanced phenotyping technologies in recent decades has provided genebank scientists with time and cost-effective screening tools to obtain valuable phenotypic data for more traits on large germplasm collections during routine activities. The utilization of these phenotyping tools, coupled with high-throughput genotyping, will accelerate the use of genetic resources and fast-track the development of more resilient food crops for the future. In this review, we highlight current digital phenotyping methods that can capture traits during annual seed regeneration to enrich genebank phenotypic datasets. Next, we describe strategies for the collection and use of phenotypic data of specific traits for downstream research using high-throughput phenotyping technology. Finally, we examine the challenges and future perspectives of genebank phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giao N. Nguyen
- Australian Grains Genebank, Agriculture Victoria, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham 3400, Australia;
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Rudszuck T, Förster E, Nirschl H, Guthausen G. Low-field NMR for quality control on oils. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:777-793. [PMID: 30790362 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil is a prominent, but multifaceted material class with a wide variety of applications. Technical oils, crude oils as well as edibles are main subclasses. In this review, the question is addressed how low-field NMR can contribute in oil characterization as an analytical tool, mainly with respect to quality control. Prerequisite in the development of a quality control application, however, is a detailed understanding of the oils and of the measurement. Low-field NMR is known as a rich methodical toolbox that was and is explored and further developed to address questions about oils, their quality, and usability as raw materials, during production and formulation as well as in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rudszuck
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Förster
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gisela Guthausen
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Engler-Bunte Institute, Water Science and Technology, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Hesse L, Bunk K, Leupold J, Speck T, Masselter T. Structural and functional imaging of large and opaque plant specimens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3659-3678. [PMID: 31188449 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Three- and four-dimensional imaging techniques are a prerequisite for spatially resolving the form-structure-function relationships in plants. However, choosing the right imaging method is a difficult and time-consuming process as the imaging principles, advantages and limitations, as well as the appropriate fields of application first need to be compared. The present study aims to provide an overview of three imaging methods that allow for imaging opaque, large and thick (>5 mm, up to several centimeters), hierarchically organized plant samples that can have complex geometries. We compare light microscopy of serial thin sections followed by 3D reconstruction (LMTS3D) as an optical imaging technique, micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) based on ionizing radiation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which uses the natural magnetic properties of a sample for image acquisition. We discuss the most important imaging principles, advantages, and limitations, and suggest fields of application for each imaging technique (LMTS, µ-CT, and MRI) with regard to static (at a given time; 3D) and dynamic (at different time points; quasi 4D) structural and functional plant imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Hesse
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bunk
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Leupold
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tom Masselter
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Ito T, Okada K, Leong KH, Hirai D, Hayashi Y, Kumada S, Kosugi A, Onuki Y. A Time-Domain NMR Study of the State of Water in Wet Granules with Different Fillers and Its Contribution to the Wet Granulation Process and to the Characteristics of Granules. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:271-276. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terushi Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama
| | - Kotaro Okada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
| | - Daijiro Hirai
- Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Formulation Development Department
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama
- Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Formulation Development Department
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Formulation Development Department
| | - Atsushi Kosugi
- Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Formulation Development Department
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama
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16
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3D Reconstruction of Lipid Droplets in the Seed of Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6560. [PMID: 29700334 PMCID: PMC5920073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed is one of the most important and widely cultured oilseed crops for food and nonfood purposes worldwide. Neutral lipids are stored in lipid droplets (LDs) as fuel for germination and subsequent seedling growth. Most of the LD detection in seeds was still in 2D levels, and some of the details might have been lost in previous studies. In the present work, the configuration of LDs in seeds was obtained by confocal imaging combined with 3D reconstruction technology in Brassica napus. The size and shape of LDs, LD numbers, cell interval spaces and cell size were observed and compared at 3D levels in the seeds of different materials with high and low oil content. It was also revealed that different cells located in the same tissue exhibited various oil contents according to the construction at the 3D level, which was not previously reported in B. napus. The present work provides a new way to understand the differential in cell populations and enhance the seed oil content at the single cell level within seeds.
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17
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Salimi Khorshidi A, Storsley J, Malunga LN, Thandapilly SJ, Ames N. Advancing the science of wheat quality evaluation using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultrasound-based techniques. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Storsley
- Cereal Research Centre; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | | | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Cereal Research Centre; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Cereal Research Centre; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
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18
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Munz E, Rolletschek H, Oeltze-Jafra S, Fuchs J, Guendel A, Neuberger T, Ortleb S, Jakob PM, Borisjuk L. A functional imaging study of germinating oilseed rape seed. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1181-1190. [PMID: 28800167 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Germination, the process whereby a dry, quiescent seed springs to life, has been a focus of plant biologist for many years, yet the early events following water uptake, during which metabolism of the embryo is restarted, remain enigmatic. Here, the nature of the cues required for this restarting in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seed has been investigated. A holistic in vivo approach was designed to display the link between the entry and allocation of water, metabolic events and structural changes occurring during germination. For this, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with Fourier transform infrared microscopy, fluorescence-based respiration mapping, computer-aided seed modeling and biochemical tools. We uncovered an endospermal lipid gap, which channels water to the radicle tip, from whence it is distributed via embryonic vasculature toward cotyledon tissues. The resumption of respiration is initiated first in the endosperm, only later spreading to the embryo. Sugar metabolism and lipid utilization are linked to the spatiotemporal sequence of tissue rehydration. Together, this imaging study provides insights into the spatial aspects of key events in oilseed rape seeds leading to germination. It demonstrates how seed architecture predetermines the pattern of water intake, which sets the stage for the orchestrated restart of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Munz
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Steffen Oeltze-Jafra
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - André Guendel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 113 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stefan Ortleb
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Peter M Jakob
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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19
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The potential of nuclear magnetic resonance to track lipids in planta. Biochimie 2016; 130:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Chikayama E, Yamashina R, Komatsu K, Tsuboi Y, Sakata K, Kikuchi J, Sekiyama Y. FoodPro: A Web-Based Tool for Evaluating Covariance and Correlation NMR Spectra Associated with Food Processes. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040036. [PMID: 27775560 PMCID: PMC5192442 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foods from agriculture and fishery products are processed using various technologies. Molecular mixture analysis during food processing has the potential to help us understand the molecular mechanisms involved, thus enabling better cooking of the analyzed foods. To date, there has been no web-based tool focusing on accumulating Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra from various types of food processing. Therefore, we have developed a novel web-based tool, FoodPro, that includes a food NMR spectrum database and computes covariance and correlation spectra to tasting and hardness. As a result, FoodPro has accumulated 236 aqueous (extracted in D2O) and 131 hydrophobic (extracted in CDCl3) experimental bench-top 60-MHz NMR spectra, 1753 tastings scored by volunteers, and 139 hardness measurements recorded by a penetrometer, all placed into a core database. The database content was roughly classified into fish and vegetable groups from the viewpoint of different spectrum patterns. FoodPro can query a user food NMR spectrum, search similar NMR spectra with a specified similarity threshold, and then compute estimated tasting and hardness, covariance, and correlation spectra to tasting and hardness. Querying fish spectra exemplified specific covariance spectra to tasting and hardness, giving positive covariance for tasting at 1.31 ppm for lactate and 3.47 ppm for glucose and a positive covariance for hardness at 3.26 ppm for trimethylamine N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Chikayama
- Department of Information Systems, Niigata University of International and Information Studies, 3-1-1 Mizukino, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2292, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yamashina
- Department of Information Systems, Niigata University of International and Information Studies, 3-1-1 Mizukino, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2292, Japan.
| | - Keiko Komatsu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kenji Sakata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0810, Japan.
| | - Yasuyo Sekiyama
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan.
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21
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Kovalchuk N, Chew W, Sornaraj P, Borisjuk N, Yang N, Singh R, Bazanova N, Shavrukov Y, Guendel A, Munz E, Borisjuk L, Langridge P, Hrmova M, Lopato S. The homeodomain transcription factor TaHDZipI-2 from wheat regulates frost tolerance, flowering time and spike development in transgenic barley. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:671-87. [PMID: 26990681 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in the regulation of plant growth and development under stresses. Functions of the TaHDZipI-2 gene isolated from the endosperm of developing wheat grain were revealed. Molecular characterization of TaHDZipI-2 protein included studies of its dimerisation, protein-DNA interactions and gene activation properties using pull-down assays, in-yeast methods and transient expression assays in wheat cells. The analysis of TaHDZipI-2 gene functions was performed using transgenic barley plants. It included comparison of developmental phenotypes, yield components, grain quality, frost tolerance and the levels of expression of potential target genes in transgenic and control plants. Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 lines showed characteristic phenotypic features that included reduced growth rates, reduced biomass, early flowering, light-coloured leaves and narrowly elongated spikes. Transgenic lines produced 25-40% more seeds per spike than control plants, but with 50-60% smaller grain size. In vivo lipid imaging exposed changes in the distribution of lipids between the embryo and endosperm in transgenic seeds. Transgenic lines were significantly more tolerant to frost than control plants. Our data suggest the role of TaHDZipI-2 in controlling several key processes underlying frost tolerance, transition to flowering and spike development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Kovalchuk
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - William Chew
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Pradeep Sornaraj
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Nannan Yang
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Rohan Singh
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Andre Guendel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Eberhard Munz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Peter Langridge
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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