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Gao Q, Wang K, Huang J, Dou P, Miao Z. Exploring the Structure and Substance Metabolism of a Medicago sativa L. Stem Base. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6225. [PMID: 38892413 PMCID: PMC11172634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The stem base of alfalfa is a critical part for its overwintering, regeneration, and yield. To better understand the specificity and importance of the stem base, we analyzed the structure, metabolic substances, and transcriptome of the stem base using anatomical techniques, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and compared it with stems and roots. The anatomical structure shows that the ratio of xylem to phloem changes at the base of the stem. A total of 801 compounds involved in 91 metabolic pathways were identified from the broadly targeted metabolome. Transcriptome analysis revealed 4974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the stem base compared to the stem, and 5503 DEGs compared to the root. Comprehensive analyses of differentially accumulated compounds (DACs) and DEGs, in the stem base vs. stem, identified 10 valuable pathways, including plant hormone signal transduction, zeatin biosynthesis, α-Linolenic acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, carbon metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. The pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and carbon metabolism were also identified by comparing the stem base with the roots. Taken together, the stem base of alfalfa is the transition region between the stem and root in morphology; in terms of material metabolism, its growth, development, and function are regulated through hormones and sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100107, China; (Q.G.); (J.H.); (P.D.); (Z.M.)
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2
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Lorenzo CD, García-Gagliardi P, Gobbini ML, Freytes SN, Antonietti MS, Mancini E, Dezar CA, Watson G, Yanovsky MJ, Cerdán PD. MsTFL1A delays flowering and regulates shoot architecture and root development in Medicago sativa. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024; 37:229-242. [PMID: 37133696 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE MsTFL1A is an important gene involved in flowering repression in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) which conditions not only above-ground plant shoot architecture but also root development and growth. Delayed flowering is an important trait for forage species, as it allows harvesting of high-quality forage for a longer time before nutritional values decline due to plant architecture changes related to flowering onset. Despite the relevance of delayed flowering, this trait has not yet been thoroughly exploited in alfalfa. This is mainly due to its complex genetics, sensitivity to inbreeding and to the fact that delayed flowering would be only advantageous if it allowed increased forage quality without compromising seed production. To develop new delayed-flowering varieties, we have characterized the three TERMINAL FLOWERING 1 (TFL1) family of genes in alfalfa: MsTFL1A, MsTFL1B and MsTFL1C. Constitutive expression of MsTFL1A in Arabidopsis caused late flowering and changes in inflorescence architecture, indicating that MsTFL1A is the ortholog of Arabidopsis TFL1. Overexpression of MsTFL1A in alfalfa consistently led to delayed flowering in both controlled and natural field conditions, coupled to an increase in leaf/stem ratio, a common indicator of forage quality. Additionally, overexpression of MsTFL1A reduced root development, reinforcing the role of MsTFL1A not only as a flowering repressor but also as a regulator of root development.We conclude that the precise manipulation of MsTFL1A gene expression may represent a powerful tool to improve alfalfa forage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Lorenzo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro García-Gagliardi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Gobbini
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago N Freytes
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana S Antonietti
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Mancini
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Dezar
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR), CONICET, S2000EZP, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerónimo Watson
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR), CONICET, S2000EZP, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo J Yanovsky
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cerdán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang F, Wang X, Li Y, Long R, Li M, Li X, Wang Q, Yang Q, Kang J. Overexpression of MsDREB1C Modulates Growth and Improves Forage Quality in Tetraploid Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1237. [PMID: 38732451 PMCID: PMC11085332 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
DREB has been reported to be involved in plant growth and response to environmental factors. However, the function of DREB in growth and development has not been elucidated in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial tetraploid forage cultivated worldwide. In this study, an ortholog of MtDREB1C was characterized from alfalfa and named MsDREB1C accordingly. MsDREB1C was significantly induced by abiotic stress. The transcription factor MsDREB1C resided in the nucleus and had self-transactivation activity. The MsDREB1C overexpression (OE) alfalfa displayed growth retardation under both long-day and short-day conditions, which was supported by decreased MsGA20ox and upregulated MsGA2ox in the OE lines. Consistently, a decrease in active gibberellin (GA) was detected, suggesting a negative effect of MsDREB1C on GA accumulation in alfalfa. Interestingly, the forage quality of the OE lines was better than that of WT lines, with higher crude protein and lower lignin content, which was supported by an increase in the leaf-stem ratio (LSR) and repression of several lignin-synthesis genes (MsNST, MsPAL1, MsC4H, and Ms4CL). Therefore, this study revealed the effects of MsDREB1C overexpression on growth and forage quality via modifying GA accumulation and lignin synthesis, respectively. Our findings provide a valuable candidate for improving the critical agronomic traits of alfalfa, such as overwintering and feeding value of the forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yajing Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xianyang Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
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4
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Zhang Z, Xu P, Duan Z, Lu L, Nan Z, Zhang J. Overexpression of P5CDH from Cleistogenes songorica improves alfalfa growth performance under field drought conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108551. [PMID: 38537382 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Water stress affects the metabolic regulation and delays the growth and development of alfalfa, causing a reduction in biomass. New alfalfa germplasm was created with improved drought tolerance in greenhouse conditions by introducing the key gene P5CDH1 from C. songorica, a xerophytic grass. However, the field adaptability and response mechanism of new drought-tolerant alfalfa germplasms under water stress are still unclear. In the present study, the yield and quality traits of transgenic CsP5CDH1 alfalfa lines under water stress and normal irrigation conditions were measured and analyzed for two years. The genetic variance components of the tested traits were calculated from the data fitted by the mixed linear model. The plant height of all lines showed significant genotypic variation (σ2g) (P < 0.05), and the stem diameter, stem number, and dry weight of all lines had a significant genotype × environment interaction (σ2ge) (P < 0.05). The heritability (H) of plant height, stem diameter, stem number, dry weight and leaf-to-stem ratio of alfalfa lines were 0.87, 0.52, 0.59, 0.52 and 0.50, respectively. There were significant genotype × environment interactions (σ2ge) (P < 0.05) for the quality traits of all lines. The heritabilities (H) of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were 0.65 and 0.64, respectively. The results of transcriptional expression analysis with RNA-seq showed that the genes MsProDH1, MsProDH4, MsProDH5, MsP5CDH1, MsP5CS5, MsP5CS9, and MsP5CR1, which are involved in the proline metabolism pathway, played an important role in the drought tolerance of innovative alfalfa germplasm. Under water stress, with the regulation of key genes in the proline metabolism pathway, the proline content of all alfalfa lines increased to varying degrees. Among them, the proline content in the shoots and roots of transgenic line L6 was 7.29 times and 12.22 times that under normal irrigation conditions, respectively. The present study helped to clarify that the new germplasm of alfalfa transformed with the CsP5CDH gene synthesized a large amount of proline under water stress, and effectively slowed leaf water loss, thus improving the drought resistance of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zhen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Liyan Lu
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
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5
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Jiang X, Zhang L, Li Y, Long R, Yang Q, Kang J. Functional Characterization of the MsFKF1 Gene Reveals Its Dual Role in Regulating the Flowering Time and Plant Height in Medicago sativa L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:655. [PMID: 38475501 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Alfalfa (M. sativa), a perennial legume forage, is known for its high yield and good quality. As a long-day plant, it is sensitive to changes in the day length, which affects the flowering time and plant growth, and limits alfalfa yield. Photoperiod-mediated delayed flowering in alfalfa helps to extend the vegetative growth period and increase the yield. We isolated a blue-light phytohormone gene from the alfalfa genome that is an ortholog of soybean FKF1 and named it MsFKF1. Gene expression analyses showed that MsFKF1 responds to blue light and the circadian clock in alfalfa. We found that MsFKF1 regulates the flowering time through the plant circadian clock pathway by inhibiting the transcription of E1 and COL, thus suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS T a1 (FTa1) transcription. In addition, transgenic lines exhibited higher plant height and accumulated more biomass in comparison to wild-type plants. However, the increased fiber (NDF and ADF) and lignin content also led to a reduction in the digestibility of the forage. The key genes related to GA biosynthesis, GA20OX1, increased in the transgenic lines, while GA2OX1 decreased for the inactive GA transformation. These findings offer novel insights on the function of MsFKF1 in the regulation of the flowering time and plant height in cultivated M. sativa. These insights into MsFKF1's roles in alfalfa offer potential strategies for molecular breeding aimed at optimizing flowering time and biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Li Q, Guan C, Zhao Y, Duan X, Yang Z, Zhu J. Salicylic acid alleviates Zn-induced inhibition of growth via enhancing antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism in alfalfa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115500. [PMID: 37757624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is considered as one of the heavy metal pollutants in soil affecting agriculture. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that can mitigate effects against various abiotic stresses in plants, however, its exploration to improve Zn stress tolerance in alfalfa plants is still elusive. Thus, in the present study, exogenous SA treatment was conducted on alfalfa plants under Zn stress. The effects of exogenous SA on the physiological effects of alfalfa plants and the expression levels related genes were studied. This study tested the biomass, relative water content, chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic capacity, proline and soluble sugar contents, detected the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), glutathione biosynthesis, and endogenous SA levels, and quantified the genes associated with the antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism-mediated Zn stress. The results showed that exogenous SA could elevate the physiological adaptability of alfalfa plants through enhancing photosynthesis, proline and soluble sugar levels, stimulating antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism, and inducing the transcription level of related genes, thereby diminishing oxidative stress, inhibiting excessive Zn accumulation of alfalfa plants, increasing tolerance to Zn stress, and reducing the toxicity of Zn. Collectively, the application of SA alleviates Zn toxicity in alfalfa plants. The findings gave first insights into the regulatory mechanism of the Zn stress tolerance of alfalfa by exogenous SA and this might have positive implications for managing other plants which are suffering Zn stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
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Wolabu TW, Mahmood K, Jerez IT, Cong L, Yun J, Udvardi M, Tadege M, Wang Z, Wen J. Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of alfalfa FLOWERING LOCUS Ta1 (MsFTa1) leads to delayed flowering time with improved forage biomass yield and quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1383-1392. [PMID: 36964962 PMCID: PMC10281603 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family that is widely cultivated as a forage crop for its high yield, forage quality and related agricultural and economic benefits. Alfalfa is a photoperiod sensitive long-day (LD) plant that can accomplish its vegetative and reproductive phases in a short period of time. However, rapid flowering can compromise forage biomass yield and quality. Here, we attempted to delay flowering in alfalfa using multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of FLOWERING LOCUS Ta1 (MsFTa1), a key floral integrator and activator gene. Four guide RNAs (gRNAs) were designed and clustered in a polycistronic tRNA-gRNA system and introduced into alfalfa by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Ninety-six putative mutant lines were identified by gene sequencing and characterized for delayed flowering time and related desirable agronomic traits. Phenotype assessment of flowering time under LD conditions identified 22 independent mutant lines with delayed flowering compared to the control. Six independent Msfta1 lines containing mutations in all four copies of MsFTa1 accumulated significantly higher forage biomass yield, with increases of up to 78% in fresh weight and 76% in dry weight compared to controls. Depending on the harvesting schemes, many of these lines also had reduced lignin, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content and significantly higher crude protein (CP) and mineral contents compared to control plants, especially in the stems. These CRISPR/Cas9-edited Msfta1 mutants could be introduced in alfalfa breeding programmes to generate elite transgene-free alfalfa cultivars with improved forage biomass yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezera W. Wolabu
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityOklahomaArdmoreUSA
| | - Kashif Mahmood
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityOklahomaArdmoreUSA
| | - Ivone Torres Jerez
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityOklahomaArdmoreUSA
| | - Lili Cong
- College of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Jianfei Yun
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityOklahomaArdmoreUSA
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Million Tadege
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityOklahomaArdmoreUSA
| | - Zengyu Wang
- College of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityOklahomaArdmoreUSA
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Galindo-Sotomonte L, Jozefkowicz C, Gómez C, Stritzler M, Frare R, Bottero E, Tajima H, Blumwald E, Ayub N, Soto G. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of a polyester synthase-like gene delays flowering time in alfalfa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:953-956. [PMID: 36840757 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE T-DNA and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of polyester synthase-like genes delays flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Thus, we here present the first report of edited alfalfa with delayed flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galindo-Sotomonte
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Jozefkowicz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Stritzler
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Frare
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilia Bottero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nicolas Ayub
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soto
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET-INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Genética (IGEAF, INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Wang Y, Li Y, Tian Z, Duan T. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Alters Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) Defense Enzyme Activities and Volatile Organic Compound Contents in Response to Pea Aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum) Infestation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121308. [PMID: 36547641 PMCID: PMC9787922 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) infestation leads to withering, reduced yield, and lower quality of the host plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been found to enhance their host plants’ nutrient uptake, growth, and resistance to biotic stresses, including pathogen infection and insect pest infestation. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of AM fungus Rhizophagus intraradices on alfalfa defense responses to pea aphid infestation. Aphid infestation did not affect the colonization of AM fungus. The inoculation of AM fungus, on average, enhanced alfalfa catalase and the contents of salicylic acid and trypsin inhibitor by 101, 9.05, and 7.89% compared with non-mycorrhizal alfalfa, respectively. In addition, polyphenol oxidase activities significantly increased by six-fold after aphid infestation in mycorrhizal alfalfa. Moreover, the fungus significantly (p < 0.05) improved alfalfa shoot N content, net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and shoot dry weight in aphid infected treatment. The aphid infestation changed the total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in alfalfa, while AM fungus enhanced the contents of methyl salicylate (MeSA). The co-expression network analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed VOCs analysis showed that three DEGs, namely MS.gene23894, MS.gene003889, and MS.gene012415, positively correlated with MeSA both in aphid and AM fungus groups. In conclusion, AM fungus increased alfalfa’s growth, defense enzyme activities, hormones, and VOCs content and up-regulated VOC-related genes to enhance the alfalfa’s resistance following aphid infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingde Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-152-1409-5029
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10
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Harada A, Tsuji N, Fujimoto N, Matsuo M, Saito M, Kanzawa N. Heterologous expression of flowering locus T promotes flowering but does not affect diurnal movement in the legume Lotus japonicus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:155-163. [PMID: 35937532 PMCID: PMC9300419 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering locus T (FT) is known to promote flowering in response to photoperiodic conditions and has recently been shown to contribute to other phenomenon, such as diurnal stomatal movement. In legumes, FTs are classified into three subtypes, though the role of each subtype is not well defined. It has been reported that when FT of Lotus japonicus (LjFT) is heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, LjFT functions as a mobile florigen to promote flowering, similar to Arabidopsis FT (AtFT). In this study, we expressed AtFT in L. japonicus using the SUC2 promoter and showed that heterologous expression of AtFT was able to promote flowering in the plant. We also showed that AtFT expression does not affect stomatal closing nor nyctinastic leaf movement. These findings contribute to our understanding of flower development and have potential application to breeding or plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Harada
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Nanami Tsuji
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Nozomi Fujimoto
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Mia Matsuo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Miha Saito
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanzawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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11
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Integrative Analyses of Transcriptomes and Metabolomes Reveal Associated Genes and Metabolites with Flowering Regulation in Common Vetch ( Vicia sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126818. [PMID: 35743262 PMCID: PMC9224626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important source of protein for livestock and human consumption, Vicia sativa is cultivated worldwide, but its seed production is hampered at high altitudes because of the short frost-free period. Flowering represents the transition from a vegetative to a reproductive period, and early flowering benefits plant seed production at high altitudes. However, the molecular mechanisms of flowering regulation in V. sativa remain elusive. In the present study, two V. sativa accessions with different flowering characteristics were used: Lan3 (early-flowering) was cultivated by our laboratory, and 503 (late-flowering) was selected from 222 V. sativa accessions after three years of field experiments. The shoot samples (shoot tip length = 10 cm) of these two accessions were collected 63, 70, and 77 days after sowing, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of the flowering process was identified by integrative analyses of the transcriptomes and metabolomes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment showed that the synthesis and signal transduction of plant hormone pathways were the most enriched pathways in 4274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and in 259 differential metabolites between Lan3 and 503. Moreover, the contents of three metabolites related to salicylic acid biosynthesis and the transcription levels of two DEGs related to salicylic acid signal transduction in Lan3 were higher than those in 503. Further verification in various accessions indicated that salicylic acid metabolism may be involved in the flowering regulation process of V. sativa. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the flowering mechanism and for promoting breeding research in V. sativa.
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12
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Jiang X, Yang T, Zhang F, Yang X, Yang C, He F, Long R, Gao T, Jiang Y, Yang Q, Wang Z, Kang J. RAD-Seq-Based High-Density Linkage Maps Construction and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Flowering Time Trait in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899681. [PMID: 35720570 PMCID: PMC9199863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial forage crop known as the "Queen of Forages." To dissect the genetic mechanism of flowering time (FT) in alfalfa, high-density linkage maps were constructed for both parents of an F1 mapping population derived from a cross between Cangzhou (P1) and ZhongmuNO.1 (P2), consisting of 150 progenies. The FT showed a transgressive segregation pattern in the mapping population. A total of 13,773 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers was obtained by using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and distributed on 64 linkage groups, with a total length of 3,780.49 and 4,113.45 cM and an average marker interval of 0.58 and 0.59 cM for P1 and P2 parent, respectively. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses were performed using the least square means of each year as well as the best linear unbiased prediction values across 4 years. Sixteen QTLs for FT were detected for P1 and 22 QTLs for P2, accounting for 1.40-16.04% of FT variation. RNA-Seq analysis at three flowering stages identified 5,039, 7,058, and 7,996 genes that were differentially expressed between two parents, respectively. Based on QTL mapping, DEGs analysis, and functional annotation, seven candidate genes associated with flowering time were finally detected. This study discovered QTLs and candidate genes for alfalfa FT, making it a useful resource for breeding studies on this essential crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xijiang Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changfu Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei He
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Ma L, Zhang Y, Wen H, Liu W, Zhou Y, Wang X. Silencing of MsD14 Resulted in Enhanced Forage Biomass through Increasing Shoot Branching in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:939. [PMID: 35406919 PMCID: PMC9003486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Branching is one of the key determinants of plant architecture that dramatically affects crop yield. As alfalfa is the most important forage crop, understanding the genetic basis of branching in this plant can facilitate breeding for a high biomass yield. In this study, we characterized the strigolactone receptor gene MsD14 in alfalfa and demonstrated that MsD14 was predominantly expressed in flowers, roots, and seedpods. Furthermore, we found that MsD14 expression could significantly respond to strigolactone in alfalfa seedlings, and its protein was located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytomembrane. Most importantly, transformation assays demonstrated that silencing of MsD14 in alfalfa resulted in increased shoot branching and forage biomass. Significantly, MsD14 could physically interact with AtMAX2 and MsMAX2 in the presence of strigolactone, suggesting a similarity between MsD14 and AtD14. Together, our results revealed the conserved D14-MAX2 module in alfalfa branching regulation and provided candidate genes for alfalfa high-yield molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Hongyu Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Characteristic Crops Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China;
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (H.W.)
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14
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Chiurazzi MJ, Nørrevang AF, García P, Cerdán PD, Palmgren M, Wenkel S. Controlling flowering of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) by inducing dominant mutations. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:205-214. [PMID: 34761872 PMCID: PMC9303315 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breeding plants with polyploid genomes is challenging because functional redundancy hampers the identification of loss-of-function mutants. Medicago sativa is tetraploid and obligate outcrossing, which together with inbreeding depression complicates traditional breeding approaches in obtaining plants with a stable growth habit. Inducing dominant mutations would provide an alternative strategy to introduce domestication traits in plants with high gene redundancy. Here we describe two complementary strategies to induce dominant mutations in the M. sativa genome and how they can be relevant in the control of flowering time. First, we outline a genome-engineering strategy that harnesses the use of microProteins as developmental regulators. MicroProteins are small proteins that appeared during genome evolution from genes encoding larger proteins. Genome-engineering allows us to retrace evolution and create microProtein-coding genes de novo. Second, we provide an inventory of genes regulated by microRNAs that control plant development. Making respective gene transcripts microRNA-resistant by inducing point mutations can uncouple microRNA regulation. Finally, we investigated the recently published genomes of M. sativa and provide an inventory of breeding targets, some of which, when mutated, are likely to result in dominant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Junior Chiurazzi
- NovoCrops CenterUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
| | - Anton Frisgaard Nørrevang
- NovoCrops CenterUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
| | - Pedro García
- Fundación Instituto LeloirIIBBA‐CONICETAvenida Patricias Argentinas 435Buenos Aires1405Argentina
| | - Pablo D. Cerdán
- Fundación Instituto LeloirIIBBA‐CONICETAvenida Patricias Argentinas 435Buenos Aires1405Argentina
| | - Michael Palmgren
- NovoCrops CenterUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
| | - Stephan Wenkel
- NovoCrops CenterUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871Denmark
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15
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Yang R, Wu Z, Bai C, Sun Z, Wang M, Huo Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhou H, Dai S, Liu W, Fu C. Overexpression of PvWOX3a in switchgrass promotes stem development and increases plant height. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:252. [PMID: 34848686 PMCID: PMC8633294 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important perennial, noninvasive, tall ornamental grass that adds color and texture to gardens and landscapes. Moreover, switchgrass has been considered a forage and bioenergy crop because of its vigorous growth, low-input requirements, and broad geography. Here, we identified PvWOX3a from switchgrass, which encodes a WUSCHEL-related homeobox transcription factor. Transgenic overexpression of PvWOX3a in switchgrass increased stem length, internode diameter, and leaf blade length and width, all of which contributed to a 95% average increase in dry weight biomass compared with control plants. Yeast one-hybrid and transient dual-luciferase assays showed that PvWOX3a can repress the expression of gibberellin 2-oxidase and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase through apparently direct interaction with their promoter sequences. These results suggested that overexpression of PvWOX3a could increase gibberellin and cytokinin levels in transgenic switchgrass plants, which promotes cell division, elongation, and vascular bundle development. We also overexpressed PvWOX3a in a transgenic miR156-overexpressing switchgrass line that characteristically exhibited more tillers, thinner internodes, and narrower leaf blades. Double transgenic switchgrass plants displayed significant increases in internode length and diameter, leaf blade width, and plant height but retained a tiller number comparable to that of plants expressing miR156 alone. Ultimately, the double transgenic switchgrass plants produced 174% more dry-weight biomass and 162% more solubilized sugars on average than control plants. These findings indicated that PvWOX3a is a viable potential genetic target for engineering improved shoot architecture and biomass yield of horticulture, fodder, and biofuel crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shanghai Normal University, 201418, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhu Huo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Shanghai Normal University, 201418, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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16
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Chen L, He F, Long R, Zhang F, Li M, Wang Z, Kang J, Yang Q. A global alfalfa diversity panel reveals genomic selection signatures in Chinese varieties and genomic associations with root development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1937-1951. [PMID: 34487430 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop worldwide. However, little is known about the effects of breeding status and different geographical populations on alfalfa improvement. Here, we sequenced 220 alfalfa core germplasms and determined that Chinese alfalfa cultivars form an independent group, as evidenced by comparisons of FST values between different subgroups, suggesting that geographical origin plays an important role in group differentiation. By tracing the influence of geographical regions on the genetic diversity of alfalfa varieties in China, we identified 350 common candidate genetic regions and 548 genes under selection. We also defined 165 loci associated with 24 important traits from genome-wide association studies. Of those, 17 genomic regions closely associated with a given phenotype were under selection, with the underlying haplotypes showing significant differences between subgroups of distinct geographical origins. Based on results from expression analysis and association mapping, we propose that 6-phosphogluconolactonase (MsPGL) and a gene encoding a protein with NHL domains (MsNHL) are critical candidate genes for root growth. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information for alfalfa improvement via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei He
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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17
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Freytes SN, Canelo M, Cerdán PD. Regulation of Flowering Time: When and Where? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102049. [PMID: 33975153 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In seasonal flowering, plants need to monitor environmental variables. A combination of photoreceptors and the circadian clock initiate signals that regulate a network of genes in the leaf vascular system which communicates through mobile FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) proteins, with the shoot apical meristem (SAM). At the SAM, a second network of genes is turned on specifically in certain cell domains, established by a second mobile protein, TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), to ensure that flowering signals are translated into floral meristems at the flanks of the SAM but without compromising the nature of the SAM itself. Here, we provide an update on recent findings about the integration of light signals upstream of FT and tissue-specific events that occur in the SAM to balance flower production with SAM endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nicolás Freytes
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Micaela Canelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cerdán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina.
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18
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Ma L, Yi D, Yang J, Liu X, Pang Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Analysis and Functional Study of CCT Gene Family in Medicago truncatula. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040513. [PMID: 32316208 PMCID: PMC7238248 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The control of flowering time has an important impact on biomass and the environmental adaption of legumes. The CCT (CO, COL and TOC1) gene family was elucidated to participate in the molecular regulation of flowering in plants. We identified 36 CCT genes in the M. truncatula genome and they were classified into three distinct subfamilies, PRR (7), COL (11) and CMF (18). Synteny and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CCT genes occurred before the differentiation of monocot and dicot, and CCT orthologous genes might have diversified among plants. The diverse spatial-temporal expression profiles indicated that MtCCT genes could be key regulators in flowering time, as well as in the development of seeds and nodules in M. truncatula. Notably, 22 MtCCT genes with typical circadian rhythmic variations suggested their different responses to light. The response to various hormones of MtCCT genes demonstrated that they participate in plant growth and development via varied hormones dependent pathways. Moreover, six MtCCT genes were dramatically induced by salinity and dehydration treatments, illustrating their vital roles in the prevention of abiotic injury. Collectively, our study provides valuable information for the in-depth investigation of the molecular mechanism of flowering time in M. truncatula, and it also provides candidate genes for alfalfa molecular breeding with ideal flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (D.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Dengxia Yi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (D.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (D.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (D.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.L.)
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.M.); (D.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6287-6460
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