1
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Han Y, Hu Q, Gong N, Yan H, Khan NU, Du Y, Sun H, Zhao Q, Peng W, Li Z, Zhang Z, Li J. Natural variation in MORE GRAINS 1 regulates grain number and grain weight in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1440-1458. [PMID: 38780111 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Grain yield is determined mainly by grain number and grain weight. In this study, we identified and characterized MORE GRAINS1 (MOG1), a gene associated with grain number and grain weight in rice (Oryza sativa L.), through map-based cloning. Overexpression of MOG1 increased grain yield by 18.6%-22.3% under field conditions. We determined that MOG1, a bHLH transcription factor, interacts with OsbHLH107 and directly activates the expression of LONELY GUY (LOG), which encodes a cytokinin-activating enzyme and the cell expansion gene EXPANSIN-LIKE1 (EXPLA1), positively regulating grain number per panicle and grain weight. Natural variations in the promoter and coding regions of MOG1 between Hap-LNW and Hap-HNW alleles resulted in changes in MOG1 expression level and transcriptional activation, leading to functional differences. Haplotype analysis revealed that Hap-HNW, which results in a greater number and heavier grains, has undergone strong selection but has been poorly utilized in modern lowland rice breeding. In summary, the MOG1-OsbHLH107 complex activates LOG and EXPLA1 expression to promote cell expansion and division of young panicles through the cytokinin pathway, thereby increasing grain number and grain weight. These findings suggest that Hap-HNW could be used in strategies to breed high-yielding temperate japonica lowland rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qianfeng Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nuo Gong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah Khan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanxiu Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Rice Industrial Technology Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zichao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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2
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Cao MX, Li SZ, Li HJ. MpMLO1 controls sperm discharge in liverwort. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1027-1038. [PMID: 38831045 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In bryophytes, sexual reproduction necessitates the release of motile sperm cells from a gametophyte into the environment. Since 1856, this process, particularly in liverworts, has been known to depend on water. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon has remained elusive. Here we identify the plasma membrane protein MpMLO1 in Marchantia polymorpha, a model liverwort, as critical for sperm discharge from antheridia. The MpMLO1-expressing tip cells among the sperm-wrapping jacket cells undergo programmed cell death upon antheridium maturation to facilitate sperm discharge after the application of water and even hypertonic solutions. The absence of MpMLO1 leads to reduced cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in tip cells, preventing cell death and consequently sperm discharge. Our findings reveal that MpMLO1-mediated programmed cell death in antheridial tip cells, regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics, is essential for sperm release, elucidating a key mechanism in bryophyte sexual reproduction and providing insights into terrestrial plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Zeng P, Xie T, Shen J, Liang T, Yin L, Liu K, He Y, Chen M, Tang H, Chen S, Shabala S, Zhang H, Cheng J. Potassium transporter OsHAK9 regulates seed germination under salt stress by preventing gibberellin degradation through mediating OsGA2ox7 in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:731-748. [PMID: 38482956 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity has a major impact on rice seed germination, severely limiting rice production. Herein, a rice germination defective mutant under salt stress (gdss) was identified by using chemical mutagenesis. The GDSS gene was detected via MutMap and shown to encode potassium transporter OsHAK9. Phenotypic analysis of complementation and mutant lines demonstrated that OsHAK9 was an essential regulator responsible for seed germination under salt stress. OsHAK9 is highly expressed in germinating seed embryos. Ion contents and non-invasive micro-test technology results showed that OsHAK9 restricted K+ efflux in salt-exposed germinating seeds for the balance of K+/Na+. Disruption of OsHAK9 significantly reduced gibberellin 4 (GA4) levels, and the germination defective phenotype of oshak9a was partly rescued by exogenous GA3 treatment under salt stress. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the disruption of OsHAK9 improved the GA-deactivated gene OsGA2ox7 expression in germinating seeds under salt stress, and the expression of OsGA2ox7 was significantly inhibited by salt stress. Null mutants of OsGA2ox7 created using clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 approach displayed a dramatically increased seed germination ability under salt stress. Overall, our results highlight that OsHAK9 regulates seed germination performance under salt stress involving preventing GA degradation by mediating OsGA2ox7, which provides a novel clue about the relationship between GA and OsHAKs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaxin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Taokai Liang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Lu Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haijuan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sunlu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Sun Z, Mei T, Tan X, Feng T, Li R, Duan S, Zhao H, Ye Y, Liu B, Zhou A, Ai H, Huang X. The ldp1 Mutation Affects the Expression of Auxin-Related Genes and Enhances SAM Size in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:759. [PMID: 38592751 PMCID: PMC10975181 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Panicle type is one of the important factors affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, and the identification of regulatory genes in panicle development can provide significant insights into the molecular network involved. This study identified a large and dense panicle 1 (ldp1) mutant produced from the Wuyunjing 7 (WYJ7) genotype, which displayed significant relative increases in panicle length, number of primary and secondary branches, number of grains per panicle, grain width, and grain yield per plant. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of ldp1 was relatively larger at the bract stage (BM), with a significantly increased number of primary (PBM) and secondary branch (SBM) meristematic centers, indicating that the ldp1 mutation affects early stages in SAM development Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of meristem tissues from WYJ7 and ldp1 at the BM, PBM, and SBM developmental stages indicated that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highest (1407) during the BM stage. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that genes in one module (turquoise) are associated with the ldp1 phenotype and highly expressed during the BM stage, suggesting their roles in the identity transition and branch differentiation stages of rice inflorescences. Hub genes involved in auxin synthesis and transport pathways, such as OsAUX1, OsAUX4, and OsSAUR25, were identified. Moreover, GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs in the turquoise module and the 1407 DEGs in the BM stage revealed that a majority of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism and auxin signaling pathway were differentially expressed between WYJ and ldp1. The genetic analysis indicated that the ldp1 phenotype is controlled by a recessive monogene (LDP1), which was mapped to a region between 16.9 and 18.1 Mb on chromosome seven. This study suggests that the ldp1 mutation may affect the expression of key genes in auxin synthesis and signal transduction, enhance the size of SAM, and thus affect panicle development. This study provides insights into the molecular regulatory network underlying rice panicle morphogenesis and lays an important foundation for further understanding the function and molecular mechanism of LDP1 during panicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglun Sun
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tianrun Mei
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xuan Tan
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tingting Feng
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ruining Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Sumei Duan
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Heming Zhao
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yafeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, China; (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Binmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, China; (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Aifeng Zhou
- Anhui Xin Fu Xiang Tian Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd., Maanshan 238200, China;
| | - Hao Ai
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China; (Z.S.); (T.M.); (X.T.); (T.F.); (R.L.); (S.D.); (H.Z.)
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5
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Lindsay P, Swentowsky KW, Jackson D. Cultivating potential: Harnessing plant stem cells for agricultural crop improvement. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:50-74. [PMID: 38130059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Meristems are stem cell-containing structures that produce all plant organs and are therefore important targets for crop improvement. Developmental regulators control the balance and rate of cell divisions within the meristem. Altering these regulators impacts meristem architecture and, as a consequence, plant form. In this review, we discuss genes involved in regulating the shoot apical meristem, inflorescence meristem, axillary meristem, root apical meristem, and vascular cambium in plants. We highlight several examples showing how crop breeders have manipulated developmental regulators to modify meristem growth and alter crop traits such as inflorescence size and branching patterns. Plant transformation techniques are another innovation related to plant meristem research because they make crop genome engineering possible. We discuss recent advances on plant transformation made possible by studying genes controlling meristem development. Finally, we conclude with discussions about how meristem research can contribute to crop improvement in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Lindsay
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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6
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Wakeman A, Bennett T. Auxins and grass shoot architecture: how the most important hormone makes the most important plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6975-6988. [PMID: 37474124 PMCID: PMC10690731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are a group of grasses cultivated by humans for their grain. It is from these cereal grains that the majority of all calories consumed by humans are derived. The production of these grains is the result of the development of a series of hierarchical reproductive structures that form the distinct shoot architecture of the grasses. Being spatiotemporally complex, the coordination of grass shoot development is tightly controlled by a network of genes and signals, including the key phytohormone auxin. Hormonal manipulation has therefore been identified as a promising potential approach to increasing cereal crop yields and therefore ultimately global food security. Recent work translating the substantial body of auxin research from model plants into cereal crop species is revealing the contribution of auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signalling to the development of grass shoot architecture. This review discusses this still-maturing knowledge base and examines the possibility that changes in auxin biology could have been a causative agent in the evolution of differences in shoot architecture between key grass species, or could underpin the future selective breeding of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wakeman
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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7
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Yu L, Yao M, Mao L, Ma T, Nie Y, Ma H, Shao K, An H, Zhao J. Rice DSP controls stigma, panicle and tiller primordium initiation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2358-2373. [PMID: 37523341 PMCID: PMC10579714 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Tiller and seed number are key determinants of rice (Oryza sativa) yield. These traits are mainly affected by tiller, panicle, spikelet and stigma formation, but to date, no single gene involved in the development of all these organs has been identified. Here, we found a rice mutant defective stigma and panicle (dsp) with greatly reduced numbers of tillers and panicle branches, and ovaries lacking stigmas, due to defects in primordium initiation. We cloned DSP using sequencing-based mapping and verified its function with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. DSP encodes a transcription factor containing an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain that recognizes the GCC motif and a transcription-activating domain at the site of 244-314 that contains an angiosperm-related (AR) motif. Mutating the AR motif resulted in the dsp mutant phenotypes, whereas mutating the AP2/ERF domain led to seedling death. DSP directly regulated PINOID (PID) expression to determine the emergence of rice stigmas, and PID overexpression partially rescued the stigma defect in the dsp cr2-8 and dsp mutants. Moreover, DSP indirectly affected LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) expression to determine tiller primordium formation and synergistically regulated panicle primordium development. Our results indicated that DSP was a key regulator that modulated different genetic pathways to control the initiation of stigma primordia, the axillary meristem formation of tillers and panicle branches, which revealed their molecular mechanisms and cross-networks, laying the vital foundation for rice yield and trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Min Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lianlian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanshen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haoli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongqiang An
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Liu E, Zhu S, Du M, Lyu H, Zeng S, Liu Q, Wu G, Jiang J, Dang X, Dong Z, Hong D. LAX1, functioning with MADS-box genes, determines normal palea development in rice. Gene 2023; 883:147635. [PMID: 37442304 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Normal floral organ development in rice is necessary for grain formation. Many MADS-box family genes that belong to ABCDE model have been widely implicated in rice flower development. The LAX1 allele encodes a plant-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which is the main regulator of axillary meristem formation in rice. However, the molecular mechanisms of LAX1 allele together with MADS-box family genes underlying palea development have not been reported. We found a short palea mutant plant in a population of indica rice variety 9311 treated with cobalt 60. We report the map-based cloning and characterization of lax1-7, identified as a new mutant allele of the LAX1 locus, and the role of its wild-type allele LAX1 in rice palea development. Through complementary experiments, combined with genetic and molecular biological analyses, the function of the LAX1 allele was determined. We showed that LAX1 allele is expressed specifically in young spikelets and encodes a nucleus-localized protein. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the LAX1 protein physically interacts with OsMADS1, OsMADS6 and OsMADS7. The LAX1 allele is pleiotropic for the maintenance of rice palea identity via cooperation with MADS-box genes and other traits, including axillary meristem initiation, days to heading, plant height, panicle length and spikelet fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbao Liu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shangshang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyu Du
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huineng Lyu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Siyuan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiangming Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Guocan Wu
- Ningde Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ningde 355017, China
| | - Jianhua Jiang
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiaojing Dang
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhiyao Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Jilin 136000, China
| | - Delin Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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9
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Liu J, Shi X, Zhong T, Jie W, Xu R, Ding Y, Ding C. PINOID and PIN-FORMED Paralogous Genes Are Required for Leaf Morphogenesis in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1146-1158. [PMID: 37540575 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays an essential role in modulating leaf development. However, its role in leaf development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that PINOID (OsPID) and two Sister-of-PIN1s, termed PIN-FORMED1c (OsPIN1c) and OsPIN1d, are necessary for rice leaf development. The ospin1c ospin1d null mutant lines presented severe defects in leaf morphogenesis, including drooping and semi-drooping blades, an abnormally thickened sheath and lamina joint, and fused leaves with absent ligules and auricles. Loss-of-function ospid mutants displayed generally similar leaf morphology but lacked leaf fusion. Interestingly, misshaped leaf genesis displayed a preference for being ipsilateral. In addition, OsPIN1c and OsPID were commonly localized in the initiating leaf primordia. Furthermore, accompanied by the more severe organ morphogenesis in the ospin1c ospin1d ospid triple mutant, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many genes essential for leaf development have an altered expression level. Together, this study furthers our understanding of the role auxin transport plays during leaf development in monocot rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi'an Shi
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhui Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Jie
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wu H, Xie D, Jia P, Tang Z, Shi D, Shui G, Wang G, Yang W. Homeostasis of flavonoids and triterpenoids most likely modulates starch metabolism for pollen tube penetration in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1757-1772. [PMID: 37221659 PMCID: PMC10440988 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, the timely delivery of sperm cell nuclei by pollen tube (PT) to the ovule is vital for double fertilization. Penetration of PT into maternal stigma tissue is a critical step for sperm cell nuclei delivery, yet little is known about the process. Here, a male-specific and sporophytic mutant xt6, where PTs are able to germinate but unable to penetrate the stigma tissue, is reported in Oryza sativa. Through genetic study, the causative gene was identified as Chalcone synthase (OsCHS1), encoding the first enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis. Indeed, flavonols were undetected in mutant pollen grains and PTs, indicating that the mutation abolished flavonoid biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the phenotype cannot be rescued by exogenous application of quercetin and kaempferol as reported in maize and petunia, suggesting a different mechanism exists in rice. Further analysis showed that loss of OsCHS1 function disrupted the homeostasis of flavonoid and triterpenoid metabolism and led to the accumulation of triterpenoid, which inhibits significantly α-amylase activity, amyloplast hydrolysis and monosaccharide content in xt6, these ultimately impaired tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reduced ATP content and lowered the turgor pressure as well. Our findings reveal a new mechanism that OsCHS1 modulates starch hydrolysis and glycometabolism through modulating the metabolic homeostasis of flavonoids and triterpenoids which affects α-amylase activity to maintain PT penetration in rice, which contributes to a better understanding of the function of CHS1 in crop fertility and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Mao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Jiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peng‐Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zuo‐Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Qiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Hou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guo‐Dong Wang
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Meng S, Xiang H, Yang X, Ye Y, Han L, Xu T, Liu Y, Wang F, Tan C, Qi M, Li T. Effects of Low Temperature on Pedicel Abscission and Auxin Synthesis Key Genes of Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119186. [PMID: 37298137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress usually causes the abscission of floral organs and a decline in fruit setting rate, seriously reducing tomato yield. Auxin is one of the key hormones that affects the abscission of plant floral organs; the YUCCA (YUC) family is a key gene in the auxin biosynthesis pathway, but there are few research reports on the abscission of tomato flower organs. This experiment found that, under low temperature stress, the expression of auxin synthesis genes increased in stamens but decreased in pistils. Low temperature treatment decreased pollen vigor and pollen germination rate. Low night temperature reduced the tomato fruit setting rate and led to parthenocarpy, and the treatment effect was most obvious in the early stage of tomato pollen development. The abscission rate of tomato pTRV-Slfzy3 and pTRV-Slfzy5 silenced plants was higher than that of the control, which is the key auxin synthesis gene affecting the abscission rate. The expression of Solyc07g043580 was down-regulated after low night temperature treatment. Solyc07g043580 encodes the bHLH-type transcription factor SlPIF4. It has been reported that PIF4 regulates the expression of auxin synthesis and synthesis genes, and is a key protein in the interaction between low temperature stress and light in regulating plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hengzuo Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yunzhu Ye
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Leilei Han
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Changhua Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
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12
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Zhu W, Yang C, Yong B, Wang Y, Li B, Gu Y, Wei S, An Z, Sun W, Qiu L, He C. An enhancing effect attributed to a nonsynonymous mutation in SOYBEAN SEED SIZE 1, a SPINDLY-like gene, is exploited in soybean domestication and improvement. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1375-1392. [PMID: 36068955 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) was domesticated from its wild relative Glycine soja. One-hundred-seed weight is one of the most important domesticated traits determining soybean yield; however, its underlying genetic basis remains elusive. We characterized a soybean seed size 1 (sss1) mutant featuring large seeds compared to its wild-type background. Positional cloning revealed that the candidate gene GmSSS1 encoded a SPINDLY homolog and was co-located in a well-identified quantitative trait locus (QTL)-rich region on chromosome 19. Knocking out GmSSS1 resulted in small seeds, while overexpressing GmSSS1/Gmsss1 induced large seeds. Modulating GmSSS1/Gmsss1 in transgenic plants can positively influence cell expansion and cell division. Relative to GmSSS1, one mutation leading to an E to Q substitution at the 182nd residue in Gmsss1 conferred an enhancing effect on seed weight. GmSSS1 underwent diversification in wild-type and cultivated soybean, and the alleles encoding the Gmsss1-type substitution of 182nd -Q, which originated along the central and downstream parts of the Yellow River, were selected and expanded during soybean domestication and improvement. We cloned the causative gene for the sss1 mutant, which is linked with a seed weight QTL, identified an elite allele of this gene for increasing seed weight, and provided new insights into soybean domestication and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongzhe Gu
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Siming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenghong An
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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13
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Gou H, Nai G, Lu S, Ma W, Chen B, Mao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of PIN gene family under phytohormone and abiotic stresses in Vitis Vinifera L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1905-1919. [PMID: 36484025 PMCID: PMC9723067 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The auxin efflux transport proteins PIN-formed (PIN) has wide adaptability to hormone and abiotic stress, but the response mechanism of PINs in grape remains unclear. In this study, 12 members of VvPINs were identified and distributed on 8 chromosomes. The PIN genes of five species were divided into two subgroups, and the similarity of exons/introns and motifs of VvPIN genes were found in the same subgroup. Meanwhile, according to the examination of conserved motifs, the motif 3 included the conserved structure NPNTY. The promoter region of VvPIN gene family contained various cis-acting elements, which were related to light, abiotic stress, and hormones which are essential for growth and development. Additionally, VvPIN1, VvPIN9, and VvPIN11 proteins simultaneously interacted with the ARF, ABC, PINOID, GBF1, and VIT_08s0007g09010. The results of qRT-PCR revealed that the majority of the VvPINs were highly induced by NAA, GA3, ABA, MeJA, SA, NaCl, low-temperature (4 ℃), and PEG treatments, and the results were consistent with the prediction of the cis-acting elements. Moreover, the expression profile and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that VvPIN genes were expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. The subcellular localization of VvPIN1 in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that VvPIN1 was localized at the plasma membrane. Collectively, this study revealed that PIN genes could respond to various abiotic stresses, and provided a framework for regulating the expression of PIN genes to enhance the resistance of the grape. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01239-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojie Nai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
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14
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Chun Y, Kumar A, Li X. Genetic and molecular pathways controlling rice inflorescence architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010138. [PMID: 36247571 PMCID: PMC9554555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice inflorescence is one of the major organs in determining grain yield. The genetic and molecular regulation on rice inflorescence architecture has been well investigated over the past years. In the present review, we described genes regulating rice inflorescence architecture based on their roles in meristem activity maintenance, meristem identity conversion and branch elongation. We also introduced the emerging regulatory pathways of phytohormones involved in rice inflorescence development. These studies show the intricacies and challenges of manipulating inflorescence architecture for rice yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ashmit Kumar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Nausori, Fiji
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Dai D, Zhang H, He L, Chen J, Du C, Liang M, Zhang M, Wang H, Ma L. Panicle Apical Abortion 7 Regulates Panicle Development in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169487. [PMID: 36012754 PMCID: PMC9409353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of grains per panicle significantly contributes to rice yield, but the regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we reported a loss-of-function mutant, panicle apical abortion 7 (paa7), which exhibited panicle abortion and degeneration of spikelets on the apical panicles during the late stage of young panicle development in rice. High accumulations of H2O2 in paa7 caused programmed cell death (PCD) accompanied by nuclear DNA fragmentation in the apical spikelets. Map-based cloning revealed that the 3 bp "AGC" insertion and 4 bp "TCTC" deletion mutation of paa7 were located in the 3'-UTR regions of LOC_Os07g47330, which was confirmed through complementary assays and overexpressed lines. Interestingly, LOC_Os07g47330 is known as FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP). Thus, PAA7 could be a novel allele of FZP. Moreover, the severe damage for panicle phenotype in paa7/lax2 double mutant indicated that PAA7 could crosstalk with Lax Panicle 2 (LAX2). These findings suggest that PAA7 regulates the development of apical spikelets and interacts with LAX2 to regulate panicle development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Food Crops, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chengxing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Minmin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liangyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-63370323
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16
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Tissue specificity and responses to abiotic stresses and hormones of PIN genes in rice. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Liu J, Shi X, Chang Z, Ding Y, Ding C. Auxin Efflux Transporters OsPIN1c and OsPIN1d Function Redundantly in Regulating Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Panicle Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:305-316. [PMID: 34888695 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of auxin in plant growth and development is well known. Pathways related to auxin synthesis, transport and signaling have been extensively studied in recent years, and the PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein family has been identified as being pivotal for polar auxin transport and distribution. However, research focused on the functional characterization of PIN proteins in rice is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of OsPIN1c and OsPIN1d in the japonica rice variety (Nipponbare) using gene knockout and high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis. The results showed that OsPIN1c and OsPIN1d were mainly expressed in young panicles and exhibited a redundant function. Furthermore, OsPIN1c or OsPIN1d loss-of-function mutants presented a mild phenotype compared with the wild type. However, in addition to significantly decreased plant height and tiller number, panicle development was severely disrupted in double-mutant lines of OsPIN1c and OsPIN1d. Severe defects included smaller inflorescence meristem and panicle sizes, fewer primary branches, elongated bract leaves, non-degraded hair and no spikelet growth. Interestingly, ospin1cd-3, a double-mutant line with functional retention of OsPIN1d, showed milder defects than those observed in other mutants. Additionally, several critical regulators of reproductive development, such as OsPID, LAX1, OsMADS1 and OsSPL14/IPA1, were differentially expressed in ospin1c-1 ospin1d-1, supporting the hypothesis that OsPIN1c and OsPIN1d are involved in regulating panicle development. Therefore, this study provides novel insights into the auxin pathways that regulate plant reproductive development in monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi'an Shi
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Chang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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18
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Lanassa Bassukas AE, Xiao Y, Schwechheimer C. Phosphorylation control of PIN auxin transporters. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102146. [PMID: 34974229 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The directional transport of the phytohormone auxin is required for proper plant development and tropic growth. Auxin cell-to-cell transport gains directionality through the polar distribution of 'canonical' long PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers. In recent years, AGC kinases, MAP kinases, Ca2+/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE-RELATED KINASEs and receptor kinases have been implicated in the control of PIN activity, polarity and trafficking. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in understanding the posttranslational regulation of PINs by these different protein kinase families. The proposed regulation of PINs by AGC kinases after salt stress and by the stress-activated MAP kinases suggest that abiotic and biotic stress factors may modulate auxin transport and thereby plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis E Lanassa Bassukas
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Yao Xiao
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Du Y, Wu B, Xing Y, Zhang Z. Conservation and divergence: Regulatory networks underlying reproductive branching in rice and maize. J Adv Res 2022; 41:179-190. [PMID: 36328747 PMCID: PMC9637487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching pattern in maize and rice determines the inflorescence architecture and thus the final grain yield. The branching pattern is determined by meristem size, bud initiation and outgrowth, and controlled by endogenous and external factors. Genetic control of inflorescence branching including CLV-WUS feedback loop, Auxin-cytokinin crosstalk and miR156/SPL/miR172 in maize and rice is summarized. The comprehensive genetic networks associated with crop branching, will promote the transformation of molecular designs breeding based on regulatory networks via genome editing, then produce optimized inflorescence architecture.
Background Cereal crops are a major source of raw food and nutrition for humans worldwide. Inflorescence of cereal crops is their reproductive organ, which also contributes to crop productivity. The branching pattern in flowering plant species not only determines inflorescence architecture but also determines the grain yield. There are good reviews describing the grass inflorescence architecture contributing to the final grain yield. However, very few discuss the aspects of inflorescence branching. Aim of review This review aimed at systematically and comprehensively summarizing the latest progress in the field of conservation and divergence of genetic regulatory network that controls inflorescence branching in maize and rice, provide strategies to efficiently utilize the achievements in reproductive branching for crop yield improvement, and suggest a potential regulatory network underlying the inflorescence branching and vegetative branching system. Key scientific concepts of review Inflorescence branching is the consequence of a series of developmental events including the initiation, outgrowth, determinacy, and identity of reproductive axillary meristems, and it is controlled by a complex functional hierarchy of genetic networks. Initially, we compared the inflorescence architecture of maize and rice; then, we reviewed the genetic regulatory pathways controlling the inflorescence meristem size, bud initiation, and outgrowth, and the key transition steps that shape the inflorescence branching in maize and rice; additionally, we summarized strategies to effectively apply the recent advances in inflorescence branching for crop yield improvement. Finally, we discussed how the newly discovered hormones coordinate the regulation of inflorescence branching and yield traits. Furthermore, we discussed the possible reason behind distinct regulatory pathways for vegetative and inflorescence branching.
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Wu K, Duan X, Zhu Z, Sang Z, Duan J, Jia Z, Ma L. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of Magnolia denudata leaf buds during long-term cold acclimation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 34625030 PMCID: PMC8501692 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magonlia denudata is an important perennial tree species of the Magnoliaceae family, known for its ornamental value, resistance to smoke pollution and wind, role in air purification, and robust cold tolerance. In this study, a high-throughput transcriptome analysis of leaf buds was performed, and gene expression following artificial acclimation 22 °C, 4 °C and 0 °C, was compared by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Over 426 million clean reads were produced from three libraries (22 °C, 4 °C and 0 °C). A total of 74,503 non-redundant unigenes were generated, with an average length of 1173.7 bp (N50 = 1548). Based on transcriptional results, 357 and 235 unigenes were identified as being upregulated and downregulated under cold stress conditions, respectively. Differentially expressed genes were annotated using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. The transcriptomic analysis focused on carbon metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction associated with cold acclimation. Transcription factors such as those in the basic helix-loop-helix and AP2/ERF families were found to play an important role in M. denudata cold acclimation. CONCLUSION M. denudata exhibits responses to non-freezing cold temperature (4 °C) to increase its cold tolerance. Cold resistance was further strengthened with cold acclimation under freezing conditions (0 °C). Cold tolerance genes, and cold signaling transcriptional pathways, and potential functional key components for the regulation of the cold response were identified in M. denudata. These results provide a basis for further studies, and the verification of key genes involved in cold acclimation responses in M. denudata lays a foundation for developing breeding programs for Magnoliaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjing Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forestry Science Research Institute of Wufeng County, Wufeng, 443400, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Duan
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- College of Forestry, Engineering Technology Research Center of Pinus tabuliformis of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Luyi Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Genome-wide identification and function characterization of GATA transcription factors during development and in response to abiotic stresses and hormone treatments in pepper. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:265-280. [PMID: 33624251 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop whose production and quality are severely reduced under adverse environmental stress conditions. The GATA transcription factors belonging to type IV zinc-finger proteins, play a significant role in regulating light morphogenesis, nitrate assimilation, and organ development in plants. However, the functional characteristics of GATA gene family during development and in response to environmental stresses have not yet been investigated in pepper. In this study, a total of 28 pepper GATA (CaGATA) genes were identified. To gain an overview of the CaGATAs, we analyzed their chromosomal distribution, gene structure, conservative domains, cis-elements, phylogeny, and evolutionary relationship. We divided 28 CaGATAs into four groups distributed on 10 chromosomes, and identified 7 paralogs in CaGATA family of pepper and 35 orthologous gene pairs between CaGATAs and Arabidopsis GATAs (AtGATAs). The results of promoter cis-element analysis and the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that CaGATA genes were involved in regulating the plant growth and development and the responses to various abiotic stresses and hormone treatments in pepper. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that most CaGATA genes were preferentially expressed in flower buds, flowers, and leaves. Several CaGATA genes, especially CaGATA14, were significantly regulated under multiple abiotic stresses, and CaGATA21 and CaGATA27 were highly responsive to phytohormone treatments. Taken together, our results lay a foundation for the biological function analysis of GATA gene family in pepper.
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Shen C, Li G, Dreni L, Zhang D. Molecular Control of Carpel Development in the Grass Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635500. [PMID: 33664762 PMCID: PMC7921308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carpel is the ovule-bearing female reproductive organ of flowering plants and is required to ensure its protection, an efficient fertilization, and the development of diversified types of fruits, thereby it is a vital element of most food crops. The origin and morphological changes of the carpel are key to the evolution and adaption of angiosperms. Progresses have been made in elucidating the developmental mechanisms of carpel establishment in the model eudicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana, while little and fragmentary information is known in grasses, a family that includes many important crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying potential pathways of carpel development in grasses, including carpel identity determination, morphogenesis, and floral meristem determinacy. The known role of transcription factors, hormones, and miRNAs during grass carpel formation is summarized and compared with the extensively studied eudicot model plant Arabidopsis. The genetic and molecular aspects of carpel development that are conserved or diverged between grasses and eudicots are therefore discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Ludovico Dreni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
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