1
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Singh P, Dosovitskiy G, Bekenstein Y. Bright Innovations: Review of Next-Generation Advances in Scintillator Engineering. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14029-14049. [PMID: 38781034 PMCID: PMC11155248 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on modern scintillators, the heart of ionizing radiation detection with applications in medical diagnostics, homeland security, research, and other areas. The conventional method to improve their characteristics, such as light output and timing properties, consists of improving in material composition and doping, etc., which are intrinsic to the material. On the contrary, we review recent advancements in cutting-edge approaches to shape scintillator characteristics via photonic and metamaterial engineering, which are extrinsic and introduce controlled inhomogeneity in the scintillator's surface or volume. The methods to be discussed include improved light out-coupling using photonic crystal (PhC) coating, dielectric architecture modification producing the Purcell effect, and meta-materials engineering based on energy sharing. These approaches help to break traditional bulk scintillators' limitations, e.g., to deal with poor light extraction efficiency from the material due to a typically large refractive index mismatch or improve timing performance compared to bulk materials. In the Outlook section, modern physical phenomena are discussed and suggested as the basis for the next generations of scintillation-based detectors and technology, followed by a brief discussion on cost-effective fabrication techniques that could be scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Solid
State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Georgy Dosovitskiy
- Solid
State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yehonadav Bekenstein
- Solid
State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- The
Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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2
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Liu HW, Su SS, Ma SY, Li T, Fang W, Ding Y, Liu ST, Zhang JR, Xiang HM, Zhou X, Yang S. Discovery and Structural Optimization of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carbolines as Novel Reactive Oxygen Species Inducers for Controlling Intractable Plant Bacterial Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37450840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been acknowledged as promising bactericidal targets against pesticide-resistant bacteria. Herein, to further excavate more excellent ROS inducers, simple 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives containing a 3-aminopropanamide moiety were prepared and assessed for their antibacterial potency. Notably, three promising compounds displayed significant antibacterial potency. Compound I29 exhibits excellent in vitro bioactivity, with an EC50 value of 5.73 μg/mL, and admirable in vivo activities (protective activity of 55.74% and curative activity of 65.50%) toward Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Compound I16 has good activity in vitro, with an EC50 of 3.43 μg/mL, and outstanding bioactivities in vivo (protective activity of 92.50% and curative activity of 59.68%) against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Compound I6 shows excellent in vitro bioactivity (EC50 = 2.86 μg/mL) and significant protective activity (94.02%) for preventing Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Antibacterial mechanism investigations indicate that these compounds disrupt the balance of the redox system to kill bacteria. These simple 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives are promising leads to the discovery of bactericidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Su
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yue Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Rong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu J, Knapp M, Jo M, Dill Z, Bridwell-Rabb J. Rieske Oxygenase Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization Reactions in Chlorophyll b Biosynthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1393-1403. [PMID: 36313167 PMCID: PMC9615114 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rieske oxygenases perform precise C-H bond functionalization reactions in anabolic and catabolic pathways. These reactions are typically characterized as monooxygenation or dioxygenation reactions, but other divergent reactions are also catalyzed by Rieske oxygenases. Chlorophyll(ide) a oxygenase (CAO), for example is proposed to catalyze two monooxygenation reactions to transform a methyl-group into the formyl-group of Chlorophyll b. This formyl group, like the formyl groups found in other chlorophyll pigments, tunes the absorption spectra of chlorophyllb and supports the ability of several photosynthetic organisms to adapt to environmental light. Despite the importance of this reaction, CAO has never been studied in vitro with purified protein, leaving many open questions regarding whether CAO can facilitate both oxygenation reactions using just the Rieske oxygenase machinery. In this study, we demonstrated that four CAO homologues in partnership with a non-native reductase convert a Chlorophyll a precursor, chlorophyllidea, into chlorophyllideb in vitro. Analysis of this reaction confirmed the existence of the proposed intermediate, highlighted the stereospecificity of the reaction, and revealed the potential of CAO as a tool for synthesizing custom-tuned natural and unnatural chlorophyll pigments. This work thus adds to our fundamental understanding of chlorophyll biosynthesis and Rieske oxygenase chemistry.
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4
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Xiao Y, Liu S, Zhang M, Tong F, Xu Z, Ford R, Zhang T, Shi X, Wu Z, Luo T. Plant Functional Groups Dominate Responses of Plant Adaptive Strategies to Urbanization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:773676. [PMID: 34917107 PMCID: PMC8669269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.773676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization causes alteration in atmospheric, soil, and hydrological factors and substantially affects a range of morphological and physiological plant traits. Correspondingly, plants might adopt different strategies to adapt to urbanization promotion or pressure. Understanding of plant traits responding to urbanization will reveal the capacity of plant adaptation and optimize the choice of plant species in urbanization green. In this study, four different functional groups (herbs, shrubs, subcanopies, and canopies, eight plant species totally) located in urban, suburban, and rural areas were selected and eight replicated plants were selected for each species at each site. Their physiological and photosynthetic properties and heavy metal concentrations were quantified to reveal plant adaptive strategies to urbanization. The herb and shrub species had significantly higher starch and soluble sugar contents in urban than in suburban areas. Urbanization decreased the maximum photosynthetic rates and total chlorophyll contents of the canopies (Engelhardtia roxburghiana and Schima superba). The herbs (Lophatherum gracile and Alpinia chinensis) and shrubs (Ardisia quinquegona and Psychotria rubra) species in urban areas had significantly lower nitrogen (N) allocated in the cell wall and leaf δ15N values but higher heavy metal concentrations than those in suburban areas. The canopy and subcanopy (Diospyros morrisiana and Cratoxylum cochinchinense) species adapt to the urbanization via reducing resource acquisition but improving defense capacity, while the herb and shrub species improve resource acquisition to adapt to the urbanization. Our current studies indicated that functional groups affected the responses of plant adaptive strategies to the urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Xiao
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Manyun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fuchun Tong
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tianlin Zhang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Wu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tushou Luo
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Bai J, Jin K, Qin W, Wang Y, Yin Q. Proteomic Responses to Alkali Stress in Oats and the Alleviatory Effects of Exogenous Spermine Application. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:627129. [PMID: 33868329 PMCID: PMC8049610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.627129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkali stress limits plant growth and yield more strongly than salt stress and can lead to the appearance of yellow leaves; however, the reasons remain unclear. In this study, we found that (1) the down-regulation of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and Pheophorbide a oxygenase in oats under alkali stress contributes to the appearance of yellow leaves (as assessed by proteome and western blot analyses). (2) Some oat proteins that are involved in the antioxidant system, root growth, and jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis are up-regulated in response to alkalinity and help increase alkali tolerance. (3) We added exogenous spermine to oat plants to improve their alkali tolerance, which resulted in higher chlorophyll contents and plant dry weights than in plants subjected to alkaline stress alone. This was due to up-regulation of chitinase and proteins related to chloroplast structure, root growth, and the antioxidant system. Spermine addition increased sucrose utilization efficiency, and promoted carbohydrate export from leaves to roots to increase energy storage in roots. Spermine addition also increased the IAA and JA contents required for root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Bai
- Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Jin,
| | - Wei Qin
- Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Hohhot, China
- Wei Qin,
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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6
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Larkum AWD, Grossman AR, Raven JA. Recent Advances in the Photosynthesis of Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotic Algae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Yao Y, Rao Y, Liu Y, Jiang L, Xiong J, Fan YJ, Shen Z, Sessler JL, Zhang JL. Aromaticity versus regioisomeric effect of β-substituents in porphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10152-10162. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maximizing the regioisomeric effect of β-substituents on photophysical properties of porphyrinoids through disruption of TT-conjugation and reducing the aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Yu Rao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Ying-Jie Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Institute for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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8
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Oliveira E, Bértolo E, Núñez C, Pilla V, Santos HM, Fernández‐Lodeiro J, Fernández‐Lodeiro A, Djafari J, Capelo JL, Lodeiro C. Green and Red Fluorescent Dyes for Translational Applications in Imaging and Sensing Analytes: A Dual-Color Flag. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:9-52. [PMID: 29318095 PMCID: PMC5754553 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Red and green are two of the most-preferred colors from the entire chromatic spectrum, and red and green dyes are widely used in biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immune-staining, and nanochemistry applications. Selective dyes with green and red excitable chromophores can be used in biological environments, such as tissues and cells, and can be irradiated with visible light without cell damage. This critical review, covering a period of five years, provides an overview of the most-relevant results on the use of red and green fluorescent dyes in the fields of bio-, chemo- and nanoscience. The review focuses on fluorescent dyes containing chromophores such as fluorescein, rhodamine, cyanine, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), 7-nitobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-yl, naphthalimide, acridine orange, perylene diimides, coumarins, rosamine, Nile red, naphthalene diimide, distyrylpyridinium, benzophosphole P-oxide, benzoresorufins, and tetrapyrrolic macrocycles. Metal complexes and nanomaterials with these dyes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Oliveira
- BIOSCOPE GroupUCIBIO-LAQV-REQUIMTEDepartamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516LisboaPortugal
- Proteomass Scientific SocietyRua dos Inventores, Madan Park2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Emilia Bértolo
- Biomolecular Research GroupSchool of Human and Life SciencesCanterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyCT1 1QUUK
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research UnitHospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS)27003LugoSpain
| | - Viviane Pilla
- Instituto de FísicaUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFUAv. João Naves de Ávila 2121Uberlândia, MG38400-902Brazil
| | - Hugo M. Santos
- BIOSCOPE GroupUCIBIO-LAQV-REQUIMTEDepartamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516LisboaPortugal
- Proteomass Scientific SocietyRua dos Inventores, Madan Park2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Javier Fernández‐Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE GroupUCIBIO-LAQV-REQUIMTEDepartamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516LisboaPortugal
- Proteomass Scientific SocietyRua dos Inventores, Madan Park2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Adrian Fernández‐Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE GroupUCIBIO-LAQV-REQUIMTEDepartamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516LisboaPortugal
- Proteomass Scientific SocietyRua dos Inventores, Madan Park2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Jamila Djafari
- BIOSCOPE GroupUCIBIO-LAQV-REQUIMTEDepartamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516LisboaPortugal
- Proteomass Scientific SocietyRua dos Inventores, Madan Park2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - José Luis Capelo
- BIOSCOPE GroupUCIBIO-LAQV-REQUIMTEDepartamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516LisboaPortugal
- Proteomass Scientific SocietyRua dos Inventores, Madan Park2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE GroupUCIBIO-LAQV-REQUIMTEDepartamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516LisboaPortugal
- Proteomass Scientific SocietyRua dos Inventores, Madan Park2829-516CaparicaPortugal
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Tadepalli S, Slocik JM, Gupta MK, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Bio-Optics and Bio-Inspired Optical Materials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12705-12763. [PMID: 28937748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Through the use of the limited materials palette, optimally designed micro- and nanostructures, and tightly regulated processes, nature demonstrates exquisite control of light-matter interactions at various length scales. In fact, control of light-matter interactions is an important element in the evolutionary arms race and has led to highly engineered optical materials and systems. In this review, we present a detailed summary of various optical effects found in nature with a particular emphasis on the materials and optical design aspects responsible for their optical functionality. Using several representative examples, we discuss various optical phenomena, including absorption and transparency, diffraction, interference, reflection and antireflection, scattering, light harvesting, wave guiding and lensing, camouflage, and bioluminescence, that are responsible for the unique optical properties of materials and structures found in nature and biology. Great strides in understanding the design principles adapted by nature have led to a tremendous progress in realizing biomimetic and bioinspired optical materials and photonic devices. We discuss the various micro- and nanofabrication techniques that have been employed for realizing advanced biomimetic optical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | | | | | | | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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10
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Matsubara S, Kunieda M, Wada A, Sasaki SI, Tamiaki H. Visible and near-infrared spectra of chlorosomal zinc chlorin self-aggregates dependent on their peripheral substituents at the 8-position. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Nowicka B, Kruk J. Powered by light: Phototrophy and photosynthesis in prokaryotes and its evolution. Microbiol Res 2016; 186-187:99-118. [PMID: 27242148 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a complex metabolic process enabling photosynthetic organisms to use solar energy for the reduction of carbon dioxide into biomass. This ancient pathway has revolutionized life on Earth. The most important event was the development of oxygenic photosynthesis. It had a tremendous impact on the Earth's geochemistry and the evolution of living beings, as the rise of atmospheric molecular oxygen enabled the development of a highly efficient aerobic metabolism, which later led to the evolution of complex multicellular organisms. The mechanism of photosynthesis has been the subject of intensive research and a great body of data has been accumulated. However, the evolution of this process is not fully understood, and the development of photosynthesis in prokaryota in particular remains an unresolved question. This review is devoted to the occurrence and main features of phototrophy and photosynthesis in prokaryotes. Hypotheses concerning the origin and spread of photosynthetic traits in bacteria are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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12
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Loughlin PC, Willows RD, Chen M. Hydroxylation of the C132 and C18 carbons of chlorophylls by heme and molecular oxygen. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Following extraction from photosynthetic organisms, chlorophylls are prone to reactions including demetalation, dephytylation and specific oxidations of the exocyclic ring E, termed allomerizations. Allomerization of chlorophylls has been well-characterized in methanol and to a lesser extent in aqueous solution. Here we detail novel allomerization-like reactions of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. In the presence of heme, detergent-solubilized chlorophyll a is hydroxylated at its C 132 position in ring E and, surprisingly, the C 18 position in ring D. Two major oxidation products are synthesized — a C 132- OH and a C 132- OH , C 18- OH derivative of chlorophyll a. We track the origin of the oxygen atoms added in these hydroxylated chlorophylls using 18 O 2 labeling and demonstrate that the additional oxygen atoms are derived from molecular oxygen. A similar heme-catalyzed reaction is also observed using chlorophyll b as a substrate. These results highlight the need for care when dealing with extracted chlorophylls and demonstrate an unusual hydroxylation of the C 18 position of chlorophylls in the presence of heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Loughlin
- ARC Center of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis and School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Robert D. Willows
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- ARC Center of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis and School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Tamiaki H, Tanaka T. Synthesis and physical properties of carbonylated chlorophyll derivatives. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Airs R, Temperton B, Sambles C, Farnham G, Skill S, Llewellyn C. Chlorophyllfand chlorophylldare produced in the cyanobacteriumChlorogloeopsis fritschiiwhen cultured under natural light and near-infrared radiation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3770-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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In vitro conversion of vinyl to formyl groups in naturally occurring chlorophylls. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6069. [PMID: 25119484 PMCID: PMC4132379 DOI: 10.1038/srep06069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical structural differences distinguishing chlorophylls in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms are either formyl substitution (chlorophyll b, d, and f) or the degree of unsaturation (8-vinyl chlorophyll a and b) of a side chain of the macrocycle compared with chlorophyll a. We conducted an investigation of the conversion of vinyl to formyl groups among naturally occurring chlorophylls. We demonstrated the in vitro oxidative cleavage of vinyl side groups to yield formyl groups through the aid of a thiol-containing compound in aqueous reaction mixture at room temperature. Heme is required as a catalyst in aqueous solution but is not required in methanolic reaction mixture. The conversion of vinyl- to formyl- groups is independent of their position on the macrocycle, as we observed oxidative cleavages of both 3-vinyl and 8-vinyl side chains to yield formyl groups. Three new chlorophyll derivatives were synthesised using 8-vinyl chlorophyll a as substrate: 8-vinyl chlorophyll d, [8-formyl]-chlorophyll a, and [3,8-diformyl]-chlorophyll a. The structural and spectral properties will provide a signature that may aid in identification of the novel chlorophyll derivatives in natural systems. The ease of conversion of vinyl- to formyl- in chlorophylls demonstrated here has implications regarding the biosynthetic mechanism of chlorophyll din vivo.
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Natural strategies for photosynthetic light harvesting. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:492-501. [PMID: 24937067 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are crucial for life on Earth as they provide food and oxygen and are at the basis of most energy resources. They have a large variety of light-harvesting strategies that allow them to live nearly everywhere where sunlight can penetrate. They have adapted their pigmentation to the spectral composition of light in their habitat, they acclimate to slowly varying light intensities and they rapidly respond to fast changes in light quality and quantity. This is particularly important for oxygen-producing organisms because an overdose of light in combination with oxygen can be lethal. Rapid progress is being made in understanding how different organisms maximize light harvesting and minimize deleterious effects. Here we summarize the latest findings and explain the main design principles used in nature. The available knowledge can be used for optimizing light harvesting in both natural and artificial photosynthesis to improve light-driven production processes.
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Xu M, Kinoshita Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of chlorophyll-f analogs possessing the 2-formyl group by modifying chlorophyll-a. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3997-4000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu M, Ptaszek M, Mass O, Minkler DF, Sommer RD, Bhaumik J, Lindsey JS. Regioselective β-pyrrolic electrophilic substitution of hydrodipyrrin–dialkylboron complexes facilitates access to synthetic models for chlorophyll f. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01508d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Synthesis of 5,10,15,20-tetra[6' -nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro- (indolino-2,2' -2H-chromen-5-yl)]porphyrin and its metal complexes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kühl M, Behrendt L, Trampe E, Qvortrup K, Schreiber U, Borisov SM, Klimant I, Larkum AWD. Microenvironmental Ecology of the Chlorophyll b-Containing Symbiotic Cyanobacterium Prochloron in the Didemnid Ascidian Lissoclinum patella. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:402. [PMID: 23226144 PMCID: PMC3510431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the cyanobacterium Prochloron was the first finding of a bacterial oxyphototroph with chlorophyll (Chl) b, in addition to Chl a. It was first described as Prochloron didemni but a number of clades have since been described. Prochloron is a conspicuously large (7-25 μm) unicellular cyanobacterium living in a symbiotic relationship, primarily with (sub-) tropical didemnid ascidians; it has resisted numerous cultivation attempts and appears truly obligatory symbiotic. Recently, a Prochloron draft genome was published, revealing no lack of metabolic genes that could explain the apparent inability to reproduce and sustain photosynthesis in a free-living stage. Possibly, the unsuccessful cultivation is partly due to a lack of knowledge about the microenvironmental conditions and ecophysiology of Prochloron in its natural habitat. We used microsensors, variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and imaging of O(2) and pH to obtain a detailed insight to the microenvironmental ecology and photobiology of Prochloron in hospite in the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella. The microenvironment within ascidians is characterized by steep gradients of light and chemical parameters that change rapidly with varying irradiances. The interior zone of the ascidians harboring Prochloron thus became anoxic and acidic within a few minutes of darkness, while the same zone exhibited O(2) super-saturation and strongly alkaline pH after a few minutes of illumination. Photosynthesis showed lack of photoinhibition even at high irradiances equivalent to full sunlight, and photosynthesis recovered rapidly after periods of anoxia. We discuss these new insights on the ecological niche of Prochloron and possible interactions with its host and other microbes in light of its recently published genome and a recent study of the overall microbial diversity and metagenome of L. patella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark
| | - Erik Trampe
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Schreiber
- Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Technical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Ingo Klimant
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Technical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Anthony W. D. Larkum
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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