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Berger A, Pérez-Valera E, Blouin M, Breuil MC, Butterbach-Bahl K, Dannenmann M, Besson-Bard A, Jeandroz S, Valls J, Spor A, Subramaniam L, Pétriacq P, Wendehenne D, Philippot L. Microbiota responses to mutations affecting NO homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39329426 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and microorganisms are pivotal for plant growth and productivity. Several plant molecular mechanisms that shape these microbial communities have been identified. However, the importance of nitric oxide (NO) produced by plants for the associated microbiota remains elusive. Using Arabidopsis thaliana isogenic mutants overproducing NO (nox1, NO overexpression) or down-producing NO (i.e. nia1nia2 impaired in the expression of both nitrate reductases NR1/NIA1 and NR2/NIA2; the 35s::GSNOR1 line overexpressing nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and 35s::AHB1 line overexpressing haemoglobin 1 (AHB1)), we investigated how altered NO homeostasis affects microbial communities in the rhizosphere and in the roots, soil microbial activity and soil metabolites. We show that the rhizosphere microbiome was affected by the mutant genotypes, with the nox1 and nia1nia2 mutants causing opposite shifts in bacterial and fungal communities compared with the wild-type (WT) Col-0 in the rhizosphere and roots, respectively. These mutants also exhibited distinctive soil metabolite profiles than those from the other genotypes while soil microbial activity did not differ between the mutants and the WT Col-0. Our findings support our hypothesis that changes in NO production by plants can influence the plant microbiome composition with differential effects between fungal and bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berger
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Valera
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Manuel Blouin
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Angélique Besson-Bard
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Josep Valls
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1366 OENO - Axe Molécules À Intérêt Biologique, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Aymé Spor
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Logapragasan Subramaniam
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1366 OENO - Axe Molécules À Intérêt Biologique, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000, Dijon, France
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Rachowka J, Anielska-Mazur A, Bucholc M, Stephenson K, Kulik A. SnRK2.10 kinase differentially modulates expression of hub WRKY transcription factors genes under salinity and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135240. [PMID: 37621885 PMCID: PMC10445769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In nature, all living organisms must continuously sense their surroundings and react to the occurring changes. In the cell, the information about these changes is transmitted to all cellular compartments, including the nucleus, by multiple phosphorylation cascades. Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1 Related Protein Kinases (SnRK2s) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom and key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways in the plant response to osmotic stress and salinity. The main deleterious effects of salinity comprise water deficiency stress, disturbances in ion balance, and the accompanying appearance of oxidative stress. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at the early stages of salt stress are involved in triggering intracellular signaling required for the fast stress response and modulation of gene expression. Here we established in Arabidopsis thaliana that salt stress or induction of ROS accumulation by treatment of plants with H2O2 or methyl viologen (MV) induces the expression of several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the WRKY DNA-Binding Protein (WRKY) family. Their induction by salinity was dependent on SnRK2.10, an ABA non-activated kinase, as it was strongly reduced in snrk2.10 mutants. The effect of ROS was clearly dependent on their source. Following the H2O2 treatment, SnRK2.10 was activated in wild-type (wt) plants and the induction of the WRKY TFs expression was only moderate and was enhanced in snrk2.10 lines. In contrast, MV did not activate SnRK2.10 and the WRKY induction was very strong and was similar in wt and snrk2.10 plants. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the WRKY33, WRKY40, WRKY46, and WRKY75 transcription factors have a similar target range comprising numerous stress-responsive protein kinases. Our results indicate that the stress-related functioning of SnRK2.10 is fine-tuned by the source and intracellular distribution of ROS and the co-occurrence of other stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Li Z, Liu J, Ma W, Li X. Characteristics, Roles and Applications of Proteinaceous Elicitors from Pathogens in Plant Immunity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020268. [PMID: 36836624 PMCID: PMC9960299 DOI: 10.3390/life13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In interactions between pathogens and plants, pathogens secrete many molecules that facilitate plant infection, and some of these compounds are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which induce immune responses. Molecules in both pathogens and plants that trigger immune responses in plants are termed elicitors. On the basis of their chemical content, elicitors can be classified into carbohydrates, lipopeptides, proteinaceous compounds and other types. Although many studies have focused on the involvement of elicitors in plants, especially on pathophysiological changes induced by elicitors in plants and the mechanisms mediating these changes, there is a lack of up-to-date reviews on the characteristics and functions of proteinaceous elicitors. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date knowledge on several important families of pathogenic proteinaceous elicitors (i.e., harpins, necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) and elicitins), focusing mainly on their structures, characteristics and effects on plants, specifically on their roles in plant immune responses. A solid understanding of elicitors may be helpful to decrease the use of agrochemicals in agriculture and gardening, generate more resistant germplasms and increase crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Junnan Liu
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Wenting Ma
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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4
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Borrowman S, Kapuganti JG, Loake GJ. Expanding roles for S-nitrosylation in the regulation of plant immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:357-368. [PMID: 36513331 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Following pathogen recognition, plant cells produce a nitrosative burst resulting in a striking increase in nitric oxide (NO), altering the redox state of the cell, which subsequently helps orchestrate a plethora of immune responses. NO is a potent redox cue, efficiently relayed between proteins through its co-valent attachment to highly specific, powerfully reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiols, resulting in formation of protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). This process, known as S-nitrosylation, can modulate the function of target proteins, enabling responsiveness to cellular redox changes. Key targets of S-nitrosylation control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the transcription of immune-response genes, the triggering of the hypersensitive response (HR) and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Here, we bring together recent advances in the control of plant immunity by S-nitrosylation, furthering our appreciation of how changes in cellular redox status reprogramme plant immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Borrowman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | | | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK; Centre for Engineering Biology, Max Born Crescent, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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Janků M, Jedelská T, Činčalová L, Sedlář A, Mikulík J, Luhová L, Lochman J, Petřivalský M. Structure-activity relationships of oomycete elicitins uncover the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in triggering plant defense responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111239. [PMID: 35487652 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elicitins are proteinaceous elicitors that induce the hypersensitive response and plant resistance against diverse phytopathogens. Elicitin recognition by membrane receptors or high-affinity sites activates a variety of fast responses including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), leading to induction of plant defense genes. Beta-cryptogein (CRY) is a basic β-elicitin secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that shows high necrotic activity in some plant species, whereas infestin 1 (INF1) secreted by the oomycete P. infestans belongs to acidic α-elicitins with a significantly weaker capacity to induce necrosis. We compared several mutated forms of β-CRY and INF1 with a modulated capacity to trigger ROS and NO production, bind plant sterols and induce cell death responses in cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi. We evidenced a key role of the lysine residue in position 13 in basic elicitins for their biological activity and enhancement of necrotic effects of acidic INF1 by the replacement of the valine residue in position 84 by larger phenylalanine. Studied elicitins activated in differing intensity signaling pathways of ROS, NO and phytohormones jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, known to be involved in triggering of hypersensitive response and establishment of systemic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Janků
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Činčalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Sedlář
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Mikulík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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6
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Midgley KA, van den Berg N, Swart V. Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061139. [PMID: 35744657 PMCID: PMC9229607 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, of which several hundred organisms are considered among the most devastating plant pathogens—especially members of the genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora spp. have a large repertoire of effectors that aid in eliciting a susceptible response in host plants. What is of increasing interest is the involvement of Phytophthora effectors in regulating programed cell death (PCD)—in particular, the hypersensitive response. There have been numerous functional characterization studies, which demonstrate Phytophthora effectors either inducing or suppressing host cell death, which may play a crucial role in Phytophthora’s ability to regulate their hemi-biotrophic lifestyle. Despite several advances in techniques used to identify and characterize Phytophthora effectors, knowledge is still lacking for some important species, including Phytophthora cinnamomi. This review discusses what the term PCD means and the gap in knowledge between pathogenic and developmental forms of PCD in plants. We also discuss the role cell death plays in the virulence of Phytophthora spp. and the effectors that have so far been identified as playing a role in cell death manipulation. Finally, we touch on the different techniques available to study effector functions, such as cell death induction/suppression.
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Mazur R, Maszkowska J, Anielska-Mazur A, Garstka M, Polkowska-Kowalczyk L, Czajkowska A, Zmienko A, Dobrowolska G, Kulik A. The SnRK2.10 kinase mitigates the adverse effects of salinity by protecting photosynthetic machinery. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2785-2802. [PMID: 34632500 PMCID: PMC8644180 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SNF1-Related protein kinases Type 2 (SnRK2) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom. They are key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways in the plant response to osmotic stress. Here we established that SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10, ABA-nonactivated kinases, are activated in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes during the early response to salt stress and contribute to leaf growth retardation under prolonged salinity but act by maintaining different salt-triggered mechanisms. Under salinity, snrk2.10 insertion mutants were impaired in the reconstruction and rearrangement of damaged core and antenna protein complexes in photosystem II (PSII), which led to stronger non-photochemical quenching, lower maximal quantum yield of PSII, and lower adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light intensity. The observed effects were likely caused by disturbed accumulation and phosphorylation status of the main PSII core and antenna proteins. Finally, we found a higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the snrk2.10 mutant leaves under a few-day-long exposure to salinity which also could contribute to the stronger damage of the photosynthetic apparatus and cause other deleterious effects affecting plant growth. We found that the snrk2.4 mutant plants did not display substantial changes in photosynthesis. Overall, our results indicate that SnRK2.10 is activated in leaves shortly after plant exposure to salinity and contributes to salt stress tolerance by maintaining efficient photosynthesis and preventing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Maszkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Anielska-Mazur
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Polkowska-Kowalczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czajkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zmienko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grazyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Solanský M, Mikulášek K, Zapletalová M, Petřivalský M, Chiltz A, Zdráhal Z, Leborgne-Castel N, Lochman J. The oligomeric states of elicitins affect the hypersensitive response and resistance in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3219-3234. [PMID: 33475728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful plant defence against microbial pathogens is based on early recognition and fast activation of inducible responses. Key mechanisms include detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns by membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors that induce a basal resistance response. A well-described model of such responses to pathogens involves the interactions between Solanaceae plants and proteinaceous elicitors secreted by oomycetes, called elicitins. It has been hypothesized that the formation of oligomeric structures by elicitins could be involved in their recognition and activation of defensive transduction cascades. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using several approaches, and we observed differences in tobacco plant responses induced by the elicitin β-cryptogein (β-CRY) and its homodimer, β-CRYDIM. We also found that the C-terminal domain of elicitins of other ELI (true-elicitin) clades plays a significant role in stabilization of their oligomeric structure and restraint in the cell wall. In addition, covalently cross-linking β-CRYDIM impaired the formation of signalling complexes, thereby reducing its capacity to elicit the hypersensitive response and resistance in the host plant, with no significant changes in pathogenesis-related protein expression. By revealing the details of the effects of β-CRY dimerization on recognition and defence responses in tobacco, our results shed light on the poorly understood role of elicitins' oligomeric structures in the interactions between oomycetes and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Solanský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Mikulášek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zapletalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Annick Chiltz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Leborgne-Castel
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
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Roudaire T, Héloir MC, Wendehenne D, Zadoroznyj A, Dubrez L, Poinssot B. Cross Kingdom Immunity: The Role of Immune Receptors and Downstream Signaling in Animal and Plant Cell Death. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612452. [PMID: 33763054 PMCID: PMC7982415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both plants and animals are endowed with sophisticated innate immune systems to combat microbial attack. In these multicellular eukaryotes, innate immunity implies the presence of cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors able to detect danger signal referred as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Membrane-associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), receptor-like kinases (RLKs), and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are employed by these organisms for sensing different invasion patterns before triggering antimicrobial defenses that can be associated with a form of regulated cell death. Intracellularly, animals nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors or plants nucleotide-binding domain (NBD)-containing leucine rich repeats (NLRs) immune receptors likely detect effectors injected into the host cell by the pathogen to hijack the immune signaling cascade. Interestingly, during the co-evolution between the hosts and their invaders, key cross-kingdom cell death-signaling macromolecular NLR-complexes have been selected, such as the inflammasome in mammals and the recently discovered resistosome in plants. In both cases, a regulated cell death located at the site of infection constitutes a very effective mean for blocking the pathogen spread and protecting the whole organism from invasion. This review aims to describe the immune mechanisms in animals and plants, mainly focusing on cell death signaling pathways, in order to highlight recent advances that could be used on one side or the other to identify the missing signaling elements between the perception of the invasion pattern by immune receptors, the induction of defenses or the transmission of danger signals to other cells. Although knowledge of plant immunity is less advanced, these organisms have certain advantages allowing easier identification of signaling events, regulators and executors of cell death, which could then be exploited directly for crop protection purposes or by analogy for medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Roudaire
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aymeric Zadoroznyj
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,LNC UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,LNC UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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10
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Wurm CJ, Lindermayr C. Nitric oxide signaling in the plant nucleus: the function of nitric oxide in chromatin modulation and transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:808-818. [PMID: 33128375 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in a vast number of physiologically important processes in plants, such as organ development, stress resistance, and immunity. Transduction of NO bioactivity is generally achieved by post-translational modification of proteins, with S-nitrosation of cysteine residues as the predominant form. While traditionally the subcellular location of the factors involved was of lesser importance, recent studies identified the connection between NO and transcriptional activity and thereby raised the question about the route of NO into the nuclear sphere. Identification of NO-affected transcription factors and chromatin-modifying histone deacetylases implicated the important role of NO signaling in the plant nucleus as a regulator of epigenetic mechanisms and gene transcription. Here, we discuss the relationship between NO and its directly regulated protein targets in the nuclear environment, focusing on S-nitrosated chromatin modulators and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Wurm
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Jedelská T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Nitric oxide signalling in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:848-863. [PMID: 33367760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is involved in the regulation of multiple processes during their growth, development, reproduction, responses to the external environment, and biotic interactions. It has become evident that NO is produced and used as a signalling and defence cue by both partners in multiple forms of plant interactions with their microbial counterparts, ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic modes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of NO in plant-pathogen interactions, focused on biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic fungi and oomycetes. Actual advances and gaps in the identification of NO sources and fate in plant and pathogen cells are discussed. We review the decisive role of time- and site-specific NO production in germination, oriented growth, and active penetration by filamentous pathogens of the host tissues, as well in pathogen recognition, and defence activation in plants. Distinct functions of NO in diverse interactions of host plants with fungal and oomycete pathogens of different lifestyles are highlighted, where NO in interplay with reactive oxygen species governs successful plant colonization, cell death, and establishment of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Li ZC, Ren QW, Guo Y, Ran J, Ren XT, Wu NN, Xu HY, Liu X, Liu JZ. Dual Roles of GSNOR1 in Cell Death and Immunity in Tetraploid Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:596234. [PMID: 33643341 PMCID: PMC7902495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.596234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) is the key enzyme that regulates cellular homeostasis of S-nitrosylation. Although extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the roles of GSNOR1 in tetraploid Nicotiana species have not been investigated previously. To study the function of NtGSNOR1, we knocked out two NtGSNOR1 genes simultaneously in Nicotiana tabacum using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/caspase 9 (Cas9) technology. To our surprise, spontaneous cell death occurred on the leaves of the CRISPR/Cas9 lines but not on those of the wild-type (WT) plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 negatively regulates cell death. The natural cell death on the CRISPR/Cas9 lines could be a result from interactions between overaccumulated nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This spontaneous cell death phenotype was not affected by knocking out two Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 genes (NtEDS11a/1b) and thus was independent of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. Unexpectedly, we found that the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants displayed a significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced resistance to paraquat-induced cell death compared to WT plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 functions as a positive regulator of the paraquat-induced cell death. The increased resistance to the paraquat-induced cell death of the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants was correlated with the reduced level of H2O2 accumulation. Interestingly, whereas the N gene-mediated resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was significantly enhanced (p < 0.001), the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout lines. In summary, our results indicate that NtGSNOR1 functions as both positive and negative regulator of cell death under different conditions and displays distinct effects on resistance against viral and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qian-Wei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Ran
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ni-Ni Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hui-Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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13
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Wang H, Kou X, Wu C, Fan G, Li T. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Are Involved in Methyl Jasmonate-Regulated Response against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Blueberries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13632-13640. [PMID: 33185095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The involvement and the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced immune responses in blueberries against Botrytis cinerea was explored using diphenylene iodonium (DPI, NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger). MeJA induced NO and H2O2 burst and enhanced the resistance of blueberries by elevating defense-related enzymes and the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, the above impacts stimulated by MeJA were weakened by DPI and destroyed by cPTIO. Furthermore, cPTIO abolished the increment in H2O2 by regulating the activities of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, whereas DPI weakened the increase in H2O2 but barely affected the generation of NO and the activity of nitric oxide synthase elevated by MeJA. These results indicated that NO and H2O2 were involved in the MeJA-induced resistance in blueberries, and NO worked upstream of H2O2 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Gongjian Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
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Das U, Rahman MM, Roy ZR, Rahman MM, Kabir AH. Morpho-physiological retardations due to iron toxicity involve redox imbalance rather than photosynthetic damages in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:55-63. [PMID: 32906022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) toxicity is a major nutritional disorder that affects growth and yield in plants. Understanding the responses or damages due to Fe-toxicity may provide useful knowledge to improve tomato varieties. This study investigates the physiological and molecular responses in Fe-toxic tomato plants. The tomato plants were grown in separate hydroponic containers with two concentrations of Fe-EDTA (25 μM and 5 mM) in addition to the other nutrient elements. Fe-toxicity showed a severe reduction in growth parameters, which was accompanied by the increased electrolyte leakage and cell death in tomato. However, the SPAD score, quantum efficiency of PSII, and photosynthesis performance index did not show any changes in leaves, suggesting that damages due to Fe-toxicity are not related to the photosynthetic disturbance in tomato. The FCR (ferric chelate reductase) activity in root along with the Fe concentration in root and shoot significantly increased, being consistent with the upregulation of Fe-related genes (SlNramp1 and SlFRO1) in roots. It suggests that inefficiency to cope with elevated Fe is closely linked to Fe mobilization and uptake in roots of tomato. Consequently, this sensitive genotype was more prone to oxidative damages because of the inefficient antioxidant defense linked to antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. In conclusion, the growth retardation in Fe-toxic tomato is not related to photosynthetic inefficiency but highly associated with oxidative injuries in cells. These findings could be targeted in breeding or transgenic program to improve tomato plants sensitive to Fe toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Das
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Motiur Rahman
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zuthika Rani Roy
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Li Y, Han Y, Qu M, Chen J, Chen X, Geng X, Wang Z, Chen S. Apoplastic Cell Death-Inducing Proteins of Filamentous Plant Pathogens: Roles in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Front Genet 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32676100 PMCID: PMC7333776 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous pathogens, such as phytopathogenic oomycetes and fungi, secrete a remarkable diversity of apoplastic effector proteins to facilitate infection, many of which are able to induce cell death in plants. Over the past decades, over 177 apoplastic cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) have been identified in filamentous oomycetes and fungi. An emerging number of studies have demonstrated the role of many apoplastic CDIPs as essential virulence factors. At the same time, apoplastic CDIPs have been documented to be recognized by plant cells as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The recent findings of extracellular recognition of apoplastic CDIPs by plant leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs) have greatly advanced our understanding of how plants detect them and mount a defense response. This review summarizes the latest advances in identifying apoplastic CDIPs of plant pathogenic oomycetes and fungi, and our current understanding of the dual roles of apoplastic CDIPs in plant-filamentous pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Han
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Qu
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Yu Z, Cao J, Zhu S, Zhang L, Peng Y, Shi J. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Enhances Disease Resistance by Nitrosylation and Inhibition of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Peach Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:543. [PMID: 32670301 PMCID: PMC7326068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule, participates in defense responses during plant-pathogen interactions. S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is found to be an active intracellular NO storage center and regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in plants. However, the role of GSNOR in NO-induced disease resistance is not clear. In this research, the effects of NO and GSNOR inhibitor (N6022) on the defense response of harvested peach fruit to Monilinia fructicola infection were investigated. It was found that the disease incidence and lesion diameter of peach fruits were markedly (P < 0.05) reduced by NO and GSNOR inhibitor. However, the expression of GSNOR was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by NO only during 2-6 h. Analyses using iodo-TMT tags to detect the nitrosylation sites of GSNOR revealed that the sulfhydryl group of the 85-cysteine site was nitrosylated after NO treatment in peach fruit at 6 and 12 h, suggesting that exogenous NO enhances disease resistance via initial inhibition of gene expression and the S-nitrosylation of GSNOR, thereby inhibiting GSNOR activity. Moreover, NO and GSNOR inhibitor enhanced the expression of systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-related genes, such as pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR1), nonexpressor of PR1 (NPR1), and TGACG-binding factor 1 (TGA1). These results demonstrated that S-nitrosylation of GSNOR protein and inhibition of GSNOR activity contributed to the enhanced disease resistance in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jixuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shuhua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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17
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Camejo D, Guzmán-Cedeño A, Vera-Macias L, Jiménez A. Oxidative post-translational modifications controlling plant-pathogen interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:110-117. [PMID: 31563091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition is linked to the perception of microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering a specific and transient accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the pathogen attack site. The apoplastic oxidative "burst" generated at the pathogen attack site depends on the ROS-generator systems including enzymes such as plasma membrane NADP (H) oxidases, cell wall peroxidases and lipoxygenase. ROS are cytotoxic molecules that inhibit invading pathogens or signalling molecules that control the local and systemic induction of defence genes. Post-translational modifications induced by ROS are considered as a potential signalling mechanism that can modify protein structure and/or function, localisation and cellular stability. Thus, this review focuses on how ROS are essential molecules regulating the function of proteins involved in the plant response to a pathogen attack through post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain; Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Guzmán-Cedeño
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador; University, School of Agriculture and Livestock, ULEAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - L Vera-Macias
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
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18
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Hussain A, Yun BW, Kim JH, Gupta KJ, Hyung NI, Loake GJ. Novel and conserved functions of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4877-4886. [PMID: 31089684 PMCID: PMC6760305 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as a key signalling molecule in plants. The chief mechanism for the transfer of NO bioactivity is thought to be S-nitrosylation, the addition of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). The enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) indirectly controls the total levels of cellular S-nitrosylation, by depleting S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the major cellular NO donor. Here we show that depletion of GSNOR function impacts tomato (Solanum lycopersicum. L) fruit development. Thus, reduction of GSNOR expression through RNAi modulated both fruit formation and yield, establishing a novel function for GSNOR. Further, depletion of S. lycopersicum GSNOR (SlGSNOR) additionally impacted a number of other developmental processes, including seed development, which also has not been previously linked with GSNOR activity. In contrast to Arabidopsis, depletion of GSNOR function did not influence root development. Further, reduction of GSNOR transcript abundance compromised plant immunity. Surprisingly, this was in contrast to previous data in Arabidopsis that reported that reducing Arabidopsis thaliana GSNOR (AtGSNOR) expression by antisense technology increased disease resistance. We also show that increased SlGSNOR expression enhanced pathogen protection, uncovering a potential strategy to enhance disease resistance in crop plants. Collectively, our findings reveal, at the genetic level, that some but not all GSNOR activities are conserved outside the Arabidopsis reference system. Thus, manipulating the extent of GSNOR expression may control important agricultural traits in tomato and possibly other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nam-In Hyung
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence:
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Production, Signaling, and Scavenging Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species in Fruit-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122994. [PMID: 31248143 PMCID: PMC6627859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in fruit–pathogen interaction, which largely depends on their different levels in cells. Fruit recognition of a pathogen immediately triggers an oxidative burst that is considered an integral part of the fruit defense response. ROS are also necessary for the virulence of pathogenic fungi. However, the accumulation of ROS in cells causes molecular damage and finally leads to cell death. In this review, on the basis of data regarding ROS production and the scavenging systems determining ROS homeostasis, we focus on the role of ROS in fruit defense reactions against pathogens and in fungi pathogenicity during fruit–pathogen interaction.
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20
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Bègue H, Mounier A, Rosnoblet C, Wendehenne D. Toward the understanding of the role of CDC48, a major component of the protein quality control, in plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:34-44. [PMID: 30709491 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionally conserved chaperone-like protein CDC48 (cell division cycle 48) is a major component of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathways in animal and yeast and, more generally, of the protein quality control machinery. In plants, CDC48 plays essential regulatory functions in development and the possibly that it contributes to protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system has been reported. In this review we described recent findings highlighting a role for CDC48 in plant immunity. First data indicated that CDC48 is S-nitrosylated in plant cells undergoing an immune response, regulates the turnover of immune receptors and mediates the degradation of viral proteins. Furthermore its overexpression was associated to an exacerbated hypersensitive-like cell death. We also designed and reported here the first CDC48 interactome. The corresponding data confirm the closed interaction of CDC48 with components of the UPS and shed light on its putative regulatory function of S-adenosyl-methionine synthesis and metabolism. More generally, these investigations further support the concept that plant cells facing pathogen attack finely regulate the protein quality control machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Bègue
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Arnaud Mounier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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21
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Lindermayr C, Durner J. Nitric oxide sensor proteins with revolutionary potential. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3507-3510. [PMID: 29947809 PMCID: PMC6022558 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Calvo-Begueria L, Rubio MC, Martínez JI, Pérez-Rontomé C, Delgado MJ, Bedmar EJ, Becana M. 2018. Redefining nitric oxide production in legume nodules through complementary insights from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and specific fluorescent probes. Journal of Experimental Botany 69, 3703–3714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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22
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Umbreen S, Lubega J, Cui B, Pan Q, Jiang J, Loake GJ. Specificity in nitric oxide signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3439-3448. [PMID: 29767796 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and their cognate redox signalling networks pervade almost all facets of plant growth, development, immunity, and environmental interactions. The emerging evidence implies that specificity in redox signalling is achieved by a multilayered molecular framework. This encompasses the production of redox cues in the locale of the given protein target and protein tertiary structures that convey the appropriate local chemical environment to support redox-based, post-translational modifications (PTMs). Nascent nitrosylases have also recently emerged that mediate the formation of redox-based PTMs. Reversal of these redox-based PTMs, rather than their formation, is also a major contributor of signalling specificity. In this context, the activities of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase and thioredoxin h5 (Trxh5) are a key feature. Redox signalling specificity is also conveyed by the unique chemistries of individual RNS which is overlaid on the structural constraints imposed by tertiary protein structure in gating access to given redox switches. Finally, the interactions between RNS and ROS (reactive oxygen species) can also indirectly establish signalling specificity through shaping the formation of appropriate redox cues. It is anticipated that some of these insights might function as primers to initiate their future translation into agricultural, horticultural, and industrial biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Umbreen
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jibril Lubega
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Beimi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Normal University-Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Qiaona Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Normal University-Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Normal University-Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Jiangsu Normal University-Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
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Nicolas-Francès V, Grandperret V, Liegard B, Jeandroz S, Vasselon D, Aimé S, Klinguer A, Lamotte O, Julio E, de Borne FD, Wendehenne D, Bourque S. Evolutionary diversification of type-2 HDAC structure, function and regulation in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 269:66-74. [PMID: 29606218 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 HDACs (HD2s) are plant-specific histone deacetylases that play diverse roles during development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study we characterized the six tobacco genes encoding HD2s that mainly differ by the presence or the absence of a typical zinc finger in their C-terminal part. Of particular interest, these HD2 genes exhibit a highly conserved intron/exon structure. We then further investigated the phylogenetic relationships among the HD2 gene family, and proposed a model of the genetic events that led to the organization of the HD2 family in Solanaceae. Absolute quantification of HD2 mRNAs in N. tabacum and in its precursors, N. tomentosiformis and N. sylvestris, did not reveal any pseudogenization of any of the HD2 genes, but rather specific regulation of HD2 expression in these three species. Functional complementation approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that the four zinc finger-containing HD2 proteins exhibit the same biological function in response to salt stress, whereas the two HD2 proteins without zinc finger have different biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Nicolas-Francès
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Vincent Grandperret
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Benjamin Liegard
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Damien Vasselon
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Aimé
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- ERL CNRS 6300, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Emilie Julio
- Institut du Tabac, Domaine de la Tour, LBCM, 24100, Bergerac, France.
| | | | - David Wendehenne
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Stéphane Bourque
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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24
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He H, Huang W, Oo TL, Gu M, Zhan J, Wang A, He LF. Nitric oxide suppresses aluminum-induced programmed cell death in peanut ( Arachis hypoganea L.) root tips by improving mitochondrial physiological properties. Nitric Oxide 2018; 74:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Alber NA, Sivanesan H, Vanlerberghe GC. The occurrence and control of nitric oxide generation by the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1074-1085. [PMID: 27987212 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is bifurcated such that electrons from ubiquinol are passed to oxygen via the usual cytochrome path or through alternative oxidase (AOX). We previously showed that knockdown of AOX in transgenic tobacco increased leaf concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), implying that an activity capable of generating NO had been effected. Here, we identify the potential source of this NO. Treatment of leaves with antimycin A (AA, Qi -site inhibitor of Complex III) increased NO amount more than treatment with myxothiazol (Myxo, Qo -site inhibitor) despite both being equally effective at inhibiting respiration. Comparison of nitrate-grown wild-type with AOX knockdown and overexpression plants showed a negative correlation between AOX amount and NO amount following AA. Further, Myxo fully negated the ability of AA to increase NO amount. With ammonium-grown plants, neither AA nor Myxo strongly increased NO amount in any plant line. When these leaves were supplied with nitrite alongside the AA or Myxo, then the inhibitor effects across lines mirrored that of nitrate-grown plants. Hence the ETC, likely the Q-cycle of Complex III generates NO from nitrite, and AOX reduces this activity by acting as a non-energy-conserving electron sink upstream of Complex III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Hampavi Sivanesan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
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26
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Li L, Shu S, Xu Q, An YH, Sun J, Guo SR. NO accumulation alleviates H 2 O 2 -dependent oxidative damage induced by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 stress in the leaves of pumpkin-grafted cucumber seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:33-45. [PMID: 27935073 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), two important signaling molecules, are stimulated in plants by abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the role of NO and its interplay with H2 O2 in the response of self-grafted (S-G) and salt-tolerant pumpkin-grafted (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) cucumber seedlings to 80 mM Ca(NO3 )2 stress. Endogenous NO and H2 O2 production in S-G seedlings increased in a time-dependent manner, reaching maximum levels after 24 h of Ca(NO3 )2 stress. In contrast, a transient increase in NO production, accompanied by H2 O2 accumulation, was observed at 2 h in rootstock-grafted plants. Nw -Nitro-l-Arg methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), tungstate, an inhibitor of nitrate reductase (NR), and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethy-limidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a scavenger of NO, were found to significantly inhibit NO accumulation induced by salt stress in rootstock-grafted seedlings. H2 O2 production was unaffected by these stress conditions. Ca(NO3 )2 stress-induced NO accumulation was blocked by pretreatment with an H2 O2 scavenger (dimethylthiourea, DMTU) and an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium, DPI). In addition, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), as well as the activities and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes, were significantly decreased by salt stress in rootstock grafted seedlings after pretreatment with these above inhibitors; antioxidant enzyme transcript levels and activities were higher in rootstock-grafted seedlings compared with S-G seedlings. These results suggest that rootstock grafting could alleviate the oxidative damage induced by Ca(NO3 )2 stress in cucumber seedlings, an effect that may be attributable to the involvement of NO in H2 O2 -dependent antioxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hong An
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Shi-Rong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian 223800, China
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Rosnoblet C, Bègue H, Blanchard C, Pichereaux C, Besson-Bard A, Aimé S, Wendehenne D. Functional characterization of the chaperon-like protein Cdc48 in cryptogein-induced immune response in tobacco. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:491-508. [PMID: 26662183 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cdc48, a molecular chaperone conserved in different kingdoms, is a member of the AAA+ family contributing to numerous processes in mammals including proteins quality control and degradation, vesicular trafficking, autophagy and immunity. The functions of Cdc48 plant orthologues are less understood. We previously reported that Cdc48 is regulated by S-nitrosylation in tobacco cells undergoing an immune response triggered by cryptogein, an elicitin produced by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea. Here, we inv estigated the function of NtCdc48 in cryptogein signalling and induced hypersensitive-like cell death. NtCdc48 was found to accumulate in elicited cells at both the protein and transcript levels. Interestingly, only a small proportion of the overall NtCdc48 population appeared to be S-nitrosylated. Using gel filtration in native conditions, we confirmed that NtCdc48 was present in its hexameric active form. An immunoprecipitation-based strategy following my mass spectrometry analysis led to the identification of about a hundred NtCdc48 partners and underlined its contribution in cellular processes including targeting of ubiquitylated proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation, subcellular trafficking and redox regulation. Finally, the analysis of cryptogein-induced events in NtCdc48-overexpressing cells highlighted a correlation between NtCdc48 expression and hypersensitive cell death. Altogether, this study identified NtCdc48 as a component of cryptogein signalling and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rosnoblet
- Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cédex, France
| | - Hervé Bègue
- Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cédex, France
| | - Cécile Blanchard
- Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cédex, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale - CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne,, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Angélique Besson-Bard
- Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cédex, France
| | - Sébastien Aimé
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cédex, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cédex, France
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28
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Pan J, Wang W, Li D, Shu Z, Ye X, Chang P, Wang Y. Gene expression profile indicates involvement of NO in Camellia sinensis pollen tube growth at low temperature. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:809. [PMID: 27756219 PMCID: PMC5070194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a critical signaling molecule in the low-temperature stress responses in plants, including polarized pollen tube growth in Camellia sinensis. Despite this, the potential mechanisms underlying the participation of NO in pollen tube responses to low temperature remain unclear. Here, we investigate alterations to gene expression in C. sinensis pollen tubes exposed to low-temperature stress and NO using RNA-Seq technology, in order to find the potential candidate genes related to the regulation of pollen tube elongation by NO under low-temperature stress. RESULTS Three libraries were generated from C. sinensis cv. 'Longjingchangye' pollen tubes cultured at 25 °C (CsPT-CK) and 4 °C (CsPT-LT) or with 25 μM DEA NONOate (CsPT-NO). The number of unigenes found for the three biological replications were 39,726, 40,440 and 41,626 for CsPT-CK; 36,993, 39,070 and 39,439 for CsPT-LT; and 39,514, 38,298 and 39,061 for CsPT-NO. A total of 36,097 unique assembled and annotated sequences from C. sinensis pollen tube reads were found in a BLAST search of the following databases: NCBI non-redundant nucleotide, Swiss-prot protein, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins, and Gene Ontology. The absolute values of log2Ratio > 1 and probability > 0.7 were used as the thresholds for significantly differential gene expression, and 766, 497 and 929 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found from the comparison analyses of the CK-VS-LT, CK-VS-NO and LT-VS-NO libraries, respectively. Genes related to metabolism and signaling pathways of plant hormones, transcription factors (TFs), vesicle polarized trafficking, cell wall biosynthesis, the ubiquitination machinery of the ubiquitin system and species-specific secondary metabolite pathways were mainly observed in the CK-VS-LT and CK-VS-NO libraries. CONCLUSION Differentially expressed unigenes related to the inhibition of C. sinensis pollen tube growth under low temperature and NO are identified in this study. The transcriptomic gene expression profiles present a valuable genomic tool to improve studying the molecular mechanisms underlying low-temperature tolerance in pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Pan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Dongqin Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zaifa Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Pinpin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Bègue H, Jeandroz S, Blanchard C, Wendehenne D, Rosnoblet C. Structure and functions of the chaperone-like p97/CDC48 in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3053-3060. [PMID: 27717811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chaperone-like p97 is a member of the AAA+ ATPase enzyme family that contributes to numerous cellular activities. P97 has been broadly studied in mammals (VCP/p97) and yeasts (CDC48: Cell Division Cycle 48/p97) and numerous investigations highlighted that this protein is post-translationally regulated, is structured in homohexamer and interacts with partners and cofactors that direct it to distinct cellular signalization pathway including protein quality control and degradation, cell cycle regulation, genome stability, vesicular trafficking, autophagy and immunity. SCOPE OF REVIEW p97 is also conserved in plants (CDC48) but its functions are less understood. In the present review we intended to present the state of the art of the structure, regulation and functions of CDC48 in plants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Evidence accumulated underline that CDC48 plays a crucial role in development, cell cycle regulation and protein turnover in plants. Furthermore, its involvement in plant immunity has recently emerged and first interacting partners have been identified, shedding light on its putative cellular activities. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Identification of emerging functions of CDC48 in plants opens new roads of research in immunity and provides new insights into the mechanisms of protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Bègue
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Cécile Blanchard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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30
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Sandor R, Der C, Grosjean K, Anca I, Noirot E, Leborgne-Castel N, Lochman J, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Plasma membrane order and fluidity are diversely triggered by elicitors of plant defence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5173-85. [PMID: 27604805 PMCID: PMC5014163 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although plants are exposed to a great number of pathogens, they usually defend themselves by triggering mechanisms able to limit disease development. Alongside signalling events common to most such incompatible interactions, modifications of plasma membrane (PM) physical properties could be new players in the cell transduction cascade. Different pairs of elicitors (cryptogein, oligogalacturonides, and flagellin) and plant cells (tobacco and Arabidopsis) were used to address the issue of possible modifications of plant PM biophysical properties induced by elicitors and their links to other events of the defence signalling cascade. We observed an increase of PM order whatever the elicitor/plant cell pair used, provided that a signalling cascade was induced. Such membrane modification is dependent on the NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, cryptogein, which is the sole elicitor able to trap sterols, is also the only one able to trigger an increase in PM fluidity. The use of cryptogein variants with altered sterol-binding properties confirms the strong correlation between sterol removal from the PM and PM fluidity enhancement. These results propose PM dynamics as a player in early signalling processes triggered by elicitors of plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sandor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Kevin Grosjean
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Iulia Anca
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Noirot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Leborgne-Castel
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Wang N, Liu M, Guo L, Yang X, Qiu D. A Novel Protein Elicitor (PeBA1) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NC6 Induces Systemic Resistance in Tobacco. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:757-67. [PMID: 27194952 PMCID: PMC4870718 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we reported a novel protein elicitor from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NC6 induced systemic resistance (ISR) in tobacco. The purification was executed by ion-exchange chromatography, native-page extraction and HPLC, and the amino acid sequence was identified by mass spectrometry. This recombinant elicitor protein, expressed in Escherichia coli by an E1 expression vector, had good thermal stability, and the elicitor caused a clearly defined hypersensitive response (HR) necrosis in tobacco leaves. It could also trigger early defence events, including generation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2 (-)) and phenolic-compound accumulation. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) results indicated that several plant defence genes, including the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive PR1a, PR1b, PR5, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), as well as the jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive PDF1.2 and CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1), were all up-regulated. Moreover, infiltration conferred systemic resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dewen Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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32
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Thalineau E, Truong HN, Berger A, Fournier C, Boscari A, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S. Cross-Regulation between N Metabolism and Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling during Plant Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:472. [PMID: 27092169 PMCID: PMC4824785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved a complex immune system which helps them cope with pathogen attacks. However, the capacity of a plant to mobilize different defense responses is strongly affected by its physiological status. Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient that can play an important role in plant immunity by increasing or decreasing plant resistance to pathogens. Although no general rule can be drawn about the effect of N availability and quality on the fate of plant/pathogen interactions, plants' capacity to acquire, assimilate, allocate N, and maintain amino acid homeostasis appears to partly mediate the effects of N on plant defense. Nitric oxide (NO), one of the products of N metabolism, plays an important role in plant immunity signaling. NO is generated in part through Nitrate Reductase (NR), a key enzyme involved in nitrate assimilation, and its production depends on levels of nitrate/nitrite, NR substrate/product, as well as on L-arginine and polyamine levels. Cross-regulation between NO signaling and N supply/metabolism has been evidenced. NO production can be affected by N supply, and conversely NO appears to regulate nitrate transport and assimilation. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that N availability partly controls plant resistance to pathogens by controlling NO homeostasis. Using the Medicago truncatula/Aphanomyces euteiches pathosystem, we showed that NO homeostasis is important for resistance to this oomycete and that N availability impacts NO homeostasis by affecting S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity in roots. These results could therefore explain the increased resistance we noted in N-deprived as compared to N-replete M. truncatula seedlings. They open onto new perspectives for the studies of N/plant defense interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Thalineau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Hoai-Nam Truong
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Antoine Berger
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR, INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRSSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Carine Fournier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR, INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRSSophia Antipolis, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
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Corpas FJ. Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) in Plants Under Physiological and Adverse Environmental Conditions: Current View. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2016:97-119. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/124_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Kovacs I, Holzmeister C, Wirtz M, Geerlof A, Fröhlich T, Römling G, Kuruthukulangarakoola GT, Linster E, Hell R, Arnold GJ, Durner J, Lindermayr C. ROS-Mediated Inhibition of S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase Contributes to the Activation of Anti-oxidative Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1669. [PMID: 27891135 PMCID: PMC5102900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a signaling molecule in plants being involved in diverse physiological processes like germination, root growth, stomata closing and response to biotic and abiotic stress. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as a biological NO donor has a very important function in NO signaling since it can transfer its NO moiety to other proteins (trans-nitrosylation). Such trans-nitrosylation reactions are equilibrium reactions and depend on GSNO level. The breakdown of GSNO and thus the level of S-nitrosylated proteins are regulated by GSNO-reductase (GSNOR). In this way, this enzyme controls S-nitrosothiol levels and regulates NO signaling. Here we report that Arabidopsis thaliana GSNOR activity is reversibly inhibited by H2O2in vitro and by paraquat-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Light scattering analyses of reduced and oxidized recombinant GSNOR demonstrated that GSNOR proteins form dimers under both reducing and oxidizing conditions. Moreover, mass spectrometric analyses revealed that H2O2-treatment increased the amount of oxidative modifications on Zn2+-coordinating Cys47 and Cys177. Inhibition of GSNOR results in enhanced levels of S-nitrosothiols followed by accumulation of glutathione. Moreover, transcript levels of redox-regulated genes and activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes are increased in gsnor-ko plants, which may contribute to the enhanced resistance against oxidative stress. In sum, our results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent inhibition of GSNOR is playing an important role in activation of anti-oxidative mechanisms to damping oxidative damage and imply a direct crosstalk between ROS- and NO-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Kovacs
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Holzmeister
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Gaby Römling
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Gitto T. Kuruthukulangarakoola
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Eric Linster
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg J. Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Lindermayr,
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Ptáčková N, Klempová J, Obořil M, Nedělová S, Lochman J, Kašparovský T. The effect of cryptogein with changed abilities to transfer sterols and altered charge distribution on extracellular alkalinization, ROS and NO generation, lipid peroxidation and LOX gene transcription in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:82-95. [PMID: 26433637 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogein, a protein from oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea, induces a hypersensitive cell death in Nicotiana tabacum. We prepared a new series of cryptogein mutant proteins with altered abilities to bind sterols and with altered charge distribution in the proteins. The effect of the mutations on the cryptogein ability to induce plant defence mechanisms associated with hypersensitive cell death were examined. Our results with new mutants support the previous findings that the sterol binding does not influence synthesis of ROS, cytosol acidification and development of leaf necrosis as these events seem to be more likely affected by the charge distribution and the overall protein structure. This hypothesis was also applicable on other mechanisms involved in the execution of plant cell death such as the NO generation, the stimulation of lipid peroxidation (determination of malondialdehyde and hydroxy fatty acids levels) and LOX gene transcription. In addition, the ability to bind sterols was found to serve not only for pathogen utilisation in its own metabolism but also to have an important function for the destabilization of plant membrane facilitating the pathogen spread inside the plant tissue as well as intensively contributing to the development of plant cell death. Considering the insertion of charged amino acid residues in the protein structure, the change localized in the protein surface affected its biological activity more effectively than that change inside the protein cavity. Moreover, the insertion of negative charged amino acids influenced mainly the events involved in the early phase of defence reaction, while the positive residues affected especially the necrotic activity of cryptogein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ptáčková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klempová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Obořil
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Nedělová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lochman
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašparovský
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Chaki M, Shekariesfahlan A, Ageeva A, Mengel A, von Toerne C, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Identification of nuclear target proteins for S-nitrosylation in pathogen-treated Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:115-26. [PMID: 26259180 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a significant signalling molecule involved in the regulation of many different physiological processes in plants. One of the most imperative regulatory modes of action of NO is protein S-nitrosylation--the covalent attachment of an NO group to the sulfur atom of cysteine residues. In this study, we focus on S-nitrosylation of Arabidopsis nuclear proteins after pathogen infection. After treatment of Arabidopsis suspension cell cultures with pathogens, nuclear proteins were extracted and treated with the S-nitrosylating agent S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). A biotin switch assay was performed and biotin-labelled proteins were purified by neutravidin affinity chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. A total of 135 proteins were identified, whereas nuclear localization has been described for 122 proteins of them. 117 of these proteins contain at least one cysteine residue. Most of the S-nitrosylated candidates were involved in protein and RNA metabolism, stress response, and cell organization and division. Interestingly, two plant-specific histone deacetylases were identified suggesting that nitric oxide regulated epigenetic processes in plants. In sum, this work provides a new collection of targets for protein S-nitrosylation in Arabidopsis and gives insight into the regulatory function of NO in the nucleus during plant defense response. Moreover, our data extend the knowledge on the regulatory function of NO in events located in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chaki
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Azam Shekariesfahlan
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ageeva
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mengel
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Trapet P, Kulik A, Lamotte O, Jeandroz S, Bourque S, Nicolas-Francès V, Rosnoblet C, Besson-Bard A, Wendehenne D. NO signaling in plant immunity: a tale of messengers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:72-9. [PMID: 24713571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas involved in a myriad of plant physiological processes including immune responses. How NO mediates its biological effects in plant facing microbial pathogen attack is an unresolved question. Insights into the molecular mechanisms by which it propagates signals reveal the contribution of this simple gas in complex signaling pathways shared with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the second messenger Ca(2+). Understanding of the subtle cross-talks operating between these signals was greatly improved by the recent identification and the functional analysis of proteins regulated through S-nitrosylation, a major NO-dependent post-translational protein modification. Overall, these findings suggest that NO is probably an important component of the mechanism coordinating and regulating Ca(2+) and ROS signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trapet
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anna Kulik
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- CNRS, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- AgroSup Dijon, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Bourque
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas-Francès
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Besson-Bard
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Espinosa F, Garrido I, Álvarez-Tinaut MC. Reflexions on some aspects of the interactions among ROS, RNS, and Ca(2+) in response to a mycorrhizal or a pathogenic fungus. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1049789. [PMID: 26366845 PMCID: PMC4883917 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1049789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo redox activities in the apoplast of axenically cultured intact seedling roots (superoxide anion generation, and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities) in contact with the compatible arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) were clearly attenuated in comparison with those in contact with the pathogenic fungus (PF) or treated with MeJA, even at the early stages of treatment. Contact of roots with the AMF did not enhance the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid glycosides), while contact with the PF significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of all phenolic fractions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species both seemed to be involved in these responses from the first moments of contact, but the fluorescence imaging of roots showed that ROS were mainly accumulated in the apoplast while NO was mainly stored in the cytosol. In conclusion, intact olive seedling roots clearly differentiated between AMF and PF.
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Detection and function of nitric oxide during the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis thaliana: Where there’s a will there’s a way. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nitric oxide as a secondary messenger during stomatal closure as a part of plant immunity response against pathogens. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao J, Yi H. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis response to sulfur dioxide fumigation. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:989-99. [PMID: 24889700 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) supplies the basic sulfur element to promote plant growth, yet at the same time it is a harmful air pollutant. Currently, the mechanisms of plant adaptation to SO2 stress are largely unknown. Pathways of SO2 metabolism, a range of networks of interacting regulatory signals and defense mechanisms triggered in resistance to SO2 stress, have not yet been clarified. We performed transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis plants fumigated with 30 mg m(-3) SO2 for 72 h and untreated controls using microarrays. This identified 2,780 significantly up- or down-regulated genes in plants response to SO2 stress, indicating a possible genome-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome. Significant changes in the transcript abundance of genes that participated in SO2 metabolic pathways indicated that numerous sulfites were involved in sulfur assimilatory pathways directly and away from sulfite oxidative pathways. Furthermore, the up-regulation of components involved in reactive oxygen species generating and scavenging pathways demonstrated altered redox homeostasis. Transcripts encoding key components in nitric oxide biosynthesis pathways were simultaneously up-regulated by SO2 exposure. In addition, transcripts associated with putative biotic stress were also up-regulated. Therefore, SO2 evokes a comprehensive reprogramming of metabolic pathways, consistent with up-regulation of transcripts involved in tolerance and defense mechanisms, in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China,
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