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Li J, Li Q, Guo N, Xian Q, Lan B, Nangia V, Mo F, Liu Y. Polyamines mediate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on nitrogen reallocation and utilization to regulate grain number in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1016-1035. [PMID: 37813095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a serious threat to grain formation in wheat. Nitrogen (N) plays crucial roles in plant organ development; however, the physiological mechanisms by which drought stress affects plant N availability and mediates the formation of grains in spikes of winter wheat are still unclear. In this study, we determined that pre-reproductive drought stress significantly reduced the number of fertile florets and the number of grains formed. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that this was related to N metabolism, and in particular, the metabolism pathways of arginine (the main precursor for synthesis of polyamine) and proline. Continuous drought stress restricted plant N accumulation and reallocation rates, and plants preferentially allocated more N to spike development. As the activities of amino acid biosynthesis enzymes and catabolic enzymes were inhibited, more free amino acids accumulated in young spikes. The expression of polyamine synthase genes was down-regulated under drought stress, whilst expression of genes encoding catabolic enzymes was enhanced, resulting in reductions in endogenous spermidine and putrescine. Treatment with exogenous spermidine optimized N allocation in young spikes and leaves, which greatly alleviated the drought-induced reduction in the number of grains per spike. Overall, our results show that pre-reproductive drought stress affects wheat grain numbers by regulating N redistribution and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Nian Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qinglin Xian
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bing Lan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Vinay Nangia
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 6299-10112, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
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Mursalimov S, Matsumoto M, Urakubo H, Deineko E, Ohno N. Unusual nuclear structures in male meiocytes of wild-type rye as revealed by volume microscopy. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1159-1174. [PMID: 37490684 PMCID: PMC10809220 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During the analysis of plant male meiocytes coming from destroyed meiocyte columns (united multicellular structures formed by male meiocytes in each anther locule), a considerable amount of information becomes unavailable. Therefore, in this study intact meiocyte columns were studied by volume microscopy in wild-type rye for the most relevant presentation of 3-D structure of rye meiocytes throughout meiosis. METHODS We used two types of volume light microscopy: confocal laser scanning microscopy and non-confocal bright-field scanning microscopy combined with alcohol and aldehyde fixation, as well as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS Unusual structures, called nuclear protuberances, were detected. At certain meiotic stages, nuclei formed protuberances that crossed the cell wall through intercellular channels and extended into the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells, while all other aspects of cell structure appeared to be normal. This phenomenon of intercellular nuclear migration (INM) was detected in most meiocytes at leptotene/zygotene. No cases of micronucleus formation or appearance of binucleated meiocytes were noticed. There were instances of direct contact between two nuclei during INM. No influence of fixation or of mechanical impact on the induction of INM was detected. CONCLUSIONS Intercellular nuclear migration in rye may be a programmed process (a normal part of rye male meiosis) or a tricky artefact that cannot be avoided in any way no matter which approach to meiocyte imaging is used. In both cases, INM seems to be an obligatory phenomenon that has previously been hidden by limitations of common microscopic techniques and by 2-D perception of plant male meiocytes. Intercellular nuclear migration cannot be ignored in any studies involving manipulations of rye anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Urakubo
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0431, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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Ji W, Hu X, Kang M, Qiu X, Liu B, Tang L, Zhu Y, Cao W, Liu L. Effects of pre-anthesis low-temperature stress on the mineral components in wheat grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221466. [PMID: 37575945 PMCID: PMC10413566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The nutritional value of wheat is important to human health. Despite minerals being essential nutrients for the human body, they are often neglected in consideration of the nutritional quality of cereal grains. Extreme low-temperature events have become more frequent due to the current environmental unpredictability, and it is yet unknown how the mineral components in grains are affected by low temperature. Methods To provide valuable information for enhancing the nutritional quality of wheat under potential climatic conditions, we treated different cold-sensitive wheat cultivars at four low-temperature levels during the individual and combined stages of jointing and booting in controlled-environment phytotrons. Results and Discussion In general, the contents of P, K, Ca, and Zn in the cold-sensitive cultivar (Yangmai16) and K in the cold-tolerant cultivar (Xumai30) were enhanced by low temperature. However, the accumulation of minerals in mature grains was reduced under low-temperature treatment, except for P, Ca, and Zn in Yangmai16. In addition, the mineral content and accumulation in Yangmai16 (except for Fe) were more susceptible to low temperature during the combined stages, while the mineral content and accumulation of K, Fe, and Zn in Xumai30 were more susceptible to low temperature during the booting stage. Moreover, Yangmai16 under extremely low temperatures (T3 and T4) during booting and Xumai30 under all low-temperature treatments during the combined stages had lower comprehensive evaluation values. These findings offer a crucial reference for enhancing the nutritional quality of wheat grains under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Kang
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Yao D, Wang J, Peng W, Zhang B, Wen X, Wan X, Wang X, Li X, Ma J, Liu X, Fan Y, Sun G. Transcriptomic profiling of wheat stem during meiosis in response to freezing stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1099677. [PMID: 36714719 PMCID: PMC9878610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1099677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature injury in spring has seriously destabilized the production and grain quality of common wheat. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spring frost tolerance remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the response of a frost-tolerant wheat variety Zhongmai8444 to freezing stress at the meiotic stage. Transcriptome profiles over a time course were subsequently generated by high-throughput sequencing. Our results revealed that the prolonged freezing temperature led to the significant reductions in plant height and seed setting rate. Cell wall thickening in the vascular tissue was also observed in the stems. RNA-seq analyses demonstrated the identification of 1010 up-regulated and 230 down-regulated genes shared by all time points of freezing treatment. Enrichment analysis revealed that gene activity related to hormone signal transduction and cell wall biosynthesis was significantly modulated under freezing. In addition, among the identified differentially expressed genes, 111 transcription factors belonging to multiple gene families exhibited dynamic expression pattern. This study provided valuable gene resources beneficial for the breeding of wheat varieties with improved spring frost tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolan Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoneng Wan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Yinglun Fan
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Guozhong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Mursalimov S, Ohno N, Deineko E. Intercellular nuclear migration in cryofixed tobacco male meiocytes. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1371-1376. [PMID: 34812933 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, intercellular nuclear migration (INM), also known as cytomixis, was documented in cryofixed plant meiocytes for the first time. Intact tobacco inflorescences and flower buds as well as dissected individual anthers were cryofixed in liquid nitrogen by plunge freezing. Cryosubstituted and cryosectioned male meiocytes were analyzed by light microscopy. For cryosubstitution, the frozen material was kept in acetic alcohol at - 70 °C for 1 week. For cryosectioning, the frozen material was sectioned at - 20 °C, and fixed with precooled acetic alcohol. Fixation of the intact tobacco inflorescences in Carnoy's solution was used as a control. Microscopy revealed good preservation of cell structure in the cryofixed anthers, flower buds, and inflorescences. INM was detectable in all the studied cryofixed and chemically fixed samples. The cytological picture of INM observed in the cryofixed meiocytes did not noticeably differ from the picture obtained with the chemically fixed cells. These results indicate that INM is observable irrespective of whether a physical or chemical fixation method is employed, with minimal damage from handling. Our results contradict the notion that INM is a phenomenon caused by mechanical, osmotic, or chemical artifacts during sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Qari SH, Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Mahmood A, Naqve M, Nawaz M, Barbanti L, Alahdal MA, Aljabri M. Melatonin Induced Cold Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843071. [PMID: 35371159 PMCID: PMC8967244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the most limiting factors for plant growth and development. Cold stress adversely affects plant physiology, molecular and biochemical processes by determining oxidative stress, poor nutrient and water uptake, disorganization of cellular membranes and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore, to recover impaired plant functions under cold stress, the application of bio-stimulants can be considered a suitable approach. Melatonin (MT) is a critical bio-stimulant that has often shown to enhance plant performance under cold stress. Melatonin application improved plant growth and tolerance to cold stress by maintaining membrane integrity, plant water content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient and water uptake, redox homeostasis, accumulation of osmolytes, hormones and secondary metabolites, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through improved antioxidant activities and increase in expression of stress-responsive genes. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of MT induced cold tolerance and identify the diverse research gaps necessitating to be addressed in future research programs. This review discusses MT involvement in the control of various physiological and molecular responses for inducing cold tolerance. We also shed light on engineering MT biosynthesis for improving the cold tolerance in plants. Moreover, we highlighted areas where future research is needed to make MT a vital antioxidant conferring cold tolerance to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Naqve
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Lorenzo Barbanti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam A. Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang G, Hassan MA, Muhammad N, Arshad M, Chen X, Xu Y, Xu H, Ni Q, Liu B, Yang W, Li J. Comparative Physiology and Transcriptome Analysis of Young Spikes in Response to Late Spring Coldness in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:811884. [PMID: 35185984 PMCID: PMC8850991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.811884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Late spring coldness (LSC) is critical for wheat growth and development in the Huang-Huai valleys of China. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms for young spikes responding to low temperature (LT) stress during anther connective tissue formation phase (ACFP). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with low temperature, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat cultivars Xinmai26 (XM26: cold-sensitive) and Yannong19 (YN19: cold-tolerant) using RNA-seq data. Over 4000 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under low temperature conditions (T1: 4°C) and freezing conditions (T2: -4°C) compared with control (CK: 16°C). The number of DEGs associated with two cultivars at two low temperature treatments (T1: 4°C and T2: -4°C) were 834, 1,353, 231, and 1,882 in four comparison groups (Xinmai26-CK vs. Xinmai26-T1, Xinmai26-CK vs. Xinmai26-T2, Yannong19-CK vs. Yannong19-T1, and Yannong19-CK vs. Yannong19-T2), respectively. Furthermore, to validate the accuracy of RNA-seq, 16 DEGs were analyzed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Several transcriptome changes were observed through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional enrichment analysis in plant hormone signal transduction, circadian rhythm-plant, and starch and sucrose metabolism under low temperature. In addition, 126 transcription factors (TFs), including AP2-ERF, bHLH, WRKY, MYB, HSF, and members of the bZIP family, were considered as cold-responsive. It is the first study to investigate DEGs associated with low temperature stress at the transcriptome level in two wheat cultivars with different cold resistance capacities. Most likely, the variations in transcription factors (TFs) regulation, and starch and sucrose metabolism contribute to different cold resistance capacities in the two cultivars. Further, physiological activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), and sucrose contents were evaluated to investigate the negative impacts of low temperature in both cultivars. These findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to low temperature and potential candidate genes that required for improving wheat's capacity to withstand low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Jiang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Noor Muhammad
- Agronomy Forage Production Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Agriculture Department, Crop Reporting Service, Nankana Sahib, Pakistan
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghan Xu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenkang Yang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jincai Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
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Hassan MA, Xiang C, Farooq M, Muhammad N, Yan Z, Hui X, Yuanyuan K, Bruno AK, Lele Z, Jincai L. Cold Stress in Wheat: Plant Acclimation Responses and Management Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:676884. [PMID: 34305976 PMCID: PMC8299469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.676884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted variability in temperature is associated with frequent extreme low-temperature events. Wheat is a leading crop in fulfilling global food requirements. Climate-driven temperature extremes influence the vegetative and reproductive growth of wheat, followed by a decrease in yield. This review describes how low temperature induces a series of modifications in the morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular makeup of wheat and how it is perceived. To cope with these modifications, crop plants turn on their cold-tolerance mechanisms, characterized by accumulating soluble carbohydrates, signaling molecules, and cold tolerance gene expressions. The review also discusses the integrated management approaches to enhance the performance of wheat plants against cold stress. In this review, we propose strategies for improving the adaptive capacity of wheat besides alleviating risks of cold anticipated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xiang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Agronomy (Forage Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Yan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Hui
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Yuanyuan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Zhang Lele
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Jincai
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
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9
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Li P, Tian J, Guo C, Luo S, Li J. Interaction of gibberellin and other hormones in almond anthers: phenotypic and physiological changes and transcriptomic reprogramming. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:94. [PMID: 33931608 PMCID: PMC8087710 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature causes anther dysfunction, severe pollen sterility and, ultimately, major yield losses in crop plants. Previous studies have shown that the gibberellic acid (GA) metabolic pathway plays an important role in this process by regulating tapetum function and pollen development. However, the interaction mechanism of GA with other hormones mediating anther development is still unclear. Herein, we collected and analyzed almond (Amygdalus communis L.) anthers at the meiosis, tetrad, 1-nucleus, and mature 2-nucleus stages. The growth rate per 1000 anthers exhibited a significant positive correlation with the total bioactive GA compound content, and the levels of all bioactive GA compounds were highest in the 1-nucleus pollen stage. GA3 treatment experiments indicated that exogenous GA3 increased the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (tZ), and jasmonic acid (JA) and decreased the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA); moreover, GA3 improved pollen viability and quantities under cold conditions, whereas PP333 (paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) was antagonistic with GA3 in controlling anther development. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that GA played an important role in anther development by regulating the expression of other phytohormone pathway genes, dehydration-responsive element-binding/C-repeat binding factor (DREB1/CBF)-mediated signaling genes, and anther development pathway genes. Our results reveal the novel finding that GA interacts with other hormones to balance anther development under normal- and low-temperature conditions in almond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jia Tian
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Changkui Guo
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Shuping Luo
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
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Bokshi AI, Tan DKY, Thistlethwaite RJ, Trethowan R, Kunz K. Impact of elevated CO 2 and heat stress on wheat pollen viability and grain production. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:503-514. [PMID: 33444526 DOI: 10.1071/fp20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Periods of high temperature and an expected increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration as a result of global climate change are major threats to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Developing heat-tolerant wheat cultivars demands improved understanding of the impacts of high temperature and elevated CO2 on plant growth and development. This research investigated the interactive effects of heat stress and CO2 concentration on pollen viability and its relationship to grain formation and yield of wheat in greenhouse conditions. Nineteen wheat genotypes and a current cultivar, Suntop, were heat stressed at either meiosis or anthesis at ambient (400 µL L-1) or elevated (800 µL L-1) CO2. Elevated CO2 and heat stress at meiosis reduced pollen viability, spikelet number and grain yield per spike; however, increased tillering at the elevated CO2 level helped to minimise yield loss. Both heat-tolerant genotypes (e.g. genotype 1, 2, 10 or 12) and heat-sensitive genotypes (e.g. genotype 6 or 9) were identified and response related to pollen sensitivity and subsequent impacts on grain yield and yield components were characterised. A high-throughput protocol for screening wheat for heat stress response at elevated CO2 was established and meiosis was the most sensitive stage, affecting pollen viability, grain formation and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul I Bokshi
- The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Daniel K Y Tan
- The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Thistlethwaite
- The University of Sydney, I.A. Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Narrabri 2390, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; and The University of Sydney, I.A. Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Narrabri 2390, NSW, Australia
| | - Karolin Kunz
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Plant Sciences, Chair of Plant Nutrition, Freising 85354, Germany
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11
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Mursalimov S, Ohno N, Matsumoto M, Bayborodin S, Deineko E. Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals That Intercellular Nuclear Migration Occurs in Most Normal Tobacco Male Meiocytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672642. [PMID: 34025709 PMCID: PMC8138938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) was used here to study tobacco male meiosis. Three-dimensional ultrastructural analyses revealed that intercellular nuclear migration (INM) occurs in 90-100% of tobacco meiocytes. At the very beginning of meiosis, every meiocyte connected with neighboring cells by more than 100 channels was capable of INM. At leptotene and zygotene, the nucleus in most tobacco meiocytes approached the cell wall and formed nuclear protuberances (NPs) that crossed the cell wall through the channels and extended into the cytoplasm of a neighboring cell. The separation of NPs from the migrating nuclei and micronuclei formation were not observed. In some cases, the NPs and nuclei of neighboring cells appeared apposed to each other, and the gap between their nuclear membranes became invisible. At pachytene, NPs retracted into their own cells. After that, the INM stopped. We consider INM a normal part of tobacco meiosis, but the reason for such behavior of nuclei is unclear. The results obtained by SBF-SEM suggest that there are still many unexplored features of plant meiosis hidden by limitations of common types of microscopy and that SBF-SEM can turn over a new leaf in plant meiosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Laboratory of Plant Bioengineering, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- *Correspondence: Sergey Mursalimov
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sergey Bayborodin
- Laboratory of Plant Bioengineering, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Deineko
- Laboratory of Plant Bioengineering, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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12
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Zhang Z, Hu M, Xu W, Wang Y, Huang K, Zhang C, Wen J. Understanding the molecular mechanism of anther development under abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1-10. [PMID: 32930929 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The developmental stage of anther development is generally more sensitive to abiotic stress than other stages of growth. Specific ROS levels, plant hormones and carbohydrate metabolism are disturbed in anthers subjected to abiotic stresses. As sessile organisms, plants are often challenged to multiple extreme abiotic stresses, such as drought, heat, cold, salinity and metal stresses in the field, which reduce plant growth, productivity and yield. The development of reproductive stage is more susceptible to abiotic stresses than the vegetative stage. Anther, the male reproductive organ that generate pollen grains, is more sensitive to abiotic stresses than female organs. Abiotic stresses affect all the processes of anther development, including tapetum development and degradation, microsporogenesis and pollen development, anther dehiscence, and filament elongation. In addition, abiotic stresses significantly interrupt phytohormone, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, alter reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in anthers, which are strongly responsible for the loss of pollen fertility. At present, the precise molecular mechanisms of anther development under adverse abiotic stresses are still not fully understood. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to understand molecular control of anther development during abiotic stresses to engineer crops with better crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
| | - Menghui Hu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jie Wen
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
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13
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Mursalimov SR, Sidorchuk YV, Deineko EV. Cytological Techniques to Study Cytomixis in Plant Male Meiosis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2061:117-129. [PMID: 31583656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9818-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we describe cytological techniques to study cytomixis, a process of nuclear migration between plant cells, in squashed plant male meiocytes of Nicotiana tabacum and Secale cereale. To perform immunostaining or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on meiotic cells involved in cytomixis common protocols are modified. During preparation of specimens for subsequent cytological analysis, it is necessary not only to make DNA and proteins accessible to DNA probes and antibodies, but also to preserve cell cytoplasm. There are also some important modifications in the protocols applied for meiocytes of different plant species. Here we describe protocols for immunostaining and FISH in rigid tobacco male meiocytes with dense cytoplasm and thick callose wall, that tolerate hard squashing, and in soft rye male meiocytes, that are easily damaged upon squashing, both to study cytomixis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey R Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuriy V Sidorchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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14
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Lyu X, Chen S, Liao N, Liu J, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Characterization of watermelon anther and its programmed cell death-associated events during dehiscence under cold stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1551-1561. [PMID: 31463555 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The 'neglected' thermophile fruit crop of watermelon was first used as a model crop to study the PCD associated with anther dehiscence in cold-exposed condition during anther development. Anther dehiscence ensures normal pollen release and successful fertilization at fruit-setting stages in flowering plants. However, most researches pertinent to anther dehiscence are centered on model plant and/or major field crops under optimal growth condition. Due to anther indehiscence in cold condition, crop plants of thermophile tropical or subtropical fruit crops fail to accomplish timely pollination and fertilization, resulting in a great yield loss annually. Herein, we developed an ideal model crop for studying the programmed cell death (PCD) associated with anther dehiscence under low-temperature stress using the S-shaped spiral anther in watermelon as instead. Our results revealed that, including the tapetal cell layers, both cells of the interlocular septum and the stomium were blocked in PCD associated with anther dehiscence at 15 °C. Likewise, TUNEL assays visualized the evidence that low temperature at 15 °C interferes with not only the PCD of tapetal cells, but also the PCD of interlocular septum and stomium. Furthermore, the expressions of genes correlated with PCD of tapetum and stomium were significantly inhibited at 15 °C, suggesting that low temperature affects anther dehiscence by inhibiting PCD of sporophytic tissue-related gene expressions. The findings of the current research provide mechanistic insights into anther indehiscence leading to poor fruit-setting for thermophile fruit crop such as watermelon under adverse cold condition in flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuna Chen
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanqiao Liao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Fadón E, Herrero M, Rodrigo J. Anther and pollen development in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) in relation to winter dormancy. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:733-744. [PMID: 30506265 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-01332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anther and pollen development is a highly conserved process in angiosperms, but while pollen formation in annual plants occurs in a few days, in temperate woody perennials, it requires several months. How anther and pollen development is framed in terms of seasonality plays a clear part in reproductive success. In this study, seasonal anther and pollen development is characterized in two sweet cherry cultivars over 2 years, paying special attention to the period of dormancy and unveiling the role of starch in this process. We evaluated starch content from the autumn until bud burst with the help of an image analysis system fitted to a light microscope. Microscope observations allowed the temporal relationship of pollen development to the phenological stages of flower and bud development to be determined. In both cultivars and years, anther and pollen development followed the same pattern. Development was halted by dormancy, when the anthers showed no morphological changes until several weeks after chilling fulfillment, until the milder temperatures reactivated development. After dormancy, starch was accumulated in the connective tissue until tracheary element differentiation. Quantification of starch in the connective tissue of anthers revealed its importance in supporting pollen meiosis and subsequent anther growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Fadón
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Estación Experimental Aula Dei, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Herrero
- Estación Experimental Aula Dei, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Rodrigo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
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16
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Zhang W, Wang J, Huang Z, Mi L, Xu K, Wu J, Fan Y, Ma S, Jiang D. Effects of Low Temperature at Booting Stage on Sucrose Metabolism and Endogenous Hormone Contents in Winter Wheat Spikelet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:498. [PMID: 31057594 PMCID: PMC6482243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Low spring temperatures often occur during the winter wheat booting stage, when the young ears are very sensitive to cold. In this study, we used two wheat varieties differing in cold sensitivity (sensitive variety Yangmai 18 and tolerant variety Yannong 19) to examine the effect of low temperature on wheat grain number at booting stage. Low temperature stress was simulated in an artificial climate chamber at 4°C for 60 h in 2016 and at 2, 0, or -2°C for 24 h in morphological assays, showing that the development of wheat spikelets was inhibited and floret growth was delayed following low temperature stress. However, an increase in the sucrose content of young panicles was also observed, and the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism was dynamically altered. Sucrose phosphate synthase activity was enhanced, and sucrose synthase activity significantly increased after treatment at 4 and 2°C, respectively. However, activities of sucrose synthase and invertase decreased with a reduction in temperature. Gene expression assays further revealed downregulation of TaSuS1 expression and upregulation of TaSuS2, while expression of CWINV was inhibited. Moreover, phytohormone content assays showed an increase in the content of abscisic acid in young wheat ears, but a decrease in the content of auxin and gibberellins. The grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight also showed a downward trend following low temperature stress. Overall, these findings suggest that low temperature at booting induces abscisic acid accumulation in winter wheat, altering the activity of the enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism, which leads to an accumulation of sucrose in the young ears, thereby having a negative effect on wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenglai Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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17
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Cytological and Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Pollen Abortion Induced by Chemical Hybridization Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071615. [PMID: 30939734 PMCID: PMC6480110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, pollen grain transfers the haploid male genetic material from anther to stigma, both between flowers (cross-pollination) and within the same flower (self-pollination). In order to better understand chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) SQ-1-induced pollen abortion in wheat, comparative cytological and proteomic analyses were conducted. Results indicated that pollen grains underwent serious structural injury, including cell division abnormality, nutritional deficiencies, pollen wall defect and pollen grain malformations in the CHA-SQ-1-treated plants, resulting in pollen abortion and male sterility. A total of 61 proteins showed statistically significant differences in abundance, among which 18 proteins were highly abundant and 43 proteins were less abundant in CHA-SQ-1 treated plants. 60 proteins were successfully identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. These proteins were found to be involved in pollen maturation and showed a change in the abundance of a battery of proteins involved in multiple biological processes, including pollen development, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, stress response, protein metabolism. Interactions between these proteins were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed that the majority of the identified proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Accordingly, a protein-protein interaction network involving in pollen abortion was proposed. These results provide information for the molecular events underlying CHA-SQ-1-induced pollen abortion and may serve as an additional guide for practical hybrid breeding.
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18
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Analysis of cytoskeleton in the cells involved in cytomixis: the migrated chromatin displays an MT-organizing activity and can interact with the spindle. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Zhang W, Wang J, Huang Z, Mi L, Xu K, Wu J, Fan Y, Ma S, Jiang D. Effects of Low Temperature at Booting Stage on Sucrose Metabolism and Endogenous Hormone Contents in Winter Wheat Spikelet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:498. [PMID: 31057594 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00498/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Low spring temperatures often occur during the winter wheat booting stage, when the young ears are very sensitive to cold. In this study, we used two wheat varieties differing in cold sensitivity (sensitive variety Yangmai 18 and tolerant variety Yannong 19) to examine the effect of low temperature on wheat grain number at booting stage. Low temperature stress was simulated in an artificial climate chamber at 4°C for 60 h in 2016 and at 2, 0, or -2°C for 24 h in morphological assays, showing that the development of wheat spikelets was inhibited and floret growth was delayed following low temperature stress. However, an increase in the sucrose content of young panicles was also observed, and the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism was dynamically altered. Sucrose phosphate synthase activity was enhanced, and sucrose synthase activity significantly increased after treatment at 4 and 2°C, respectively. However, activities of sucrose synthase and invertase decreased with a reduction in temperature. Gene expression assays further revealed downregulation of TaSuS1 expression and upregulation of TaSuS2, while expression of CWINV was inhibited. Moreover, phytohormone content assays showed an increase in the content of abscisic acid in young wheat ears, but a decrease in the content of auxin and gibberellins. The grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight also showed a downward trend following low temperature stress. Overall, these findings suggest that low temperature at booting induces abscisic acid accumulation in winter wheat, altering the activity of the enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism, which leads to an accumulation of sucrose in the young ears, thereby having a negative effect on wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaqin Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenglai Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Mi
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kaifang Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghui Fan
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shangyu Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongguo Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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20
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Liu B, Mo WJ, Zhang D, De Storme N, Geelen D. Cold Influences Male Reproductive Development in Plants: A Hazard to Fertility, but a Window for Evolution. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:7-18. [PMID: 30602022 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile organisms, plants suffer from various abiotic stresses including low temperature. In particular, male reproductive development of plants is extremely sensitive to cold which may dramatically reduce viable pollen shed and plant fertility. Cold stress disrupts stamen development and prominently interferes with the tapetum, with the stress-responsive hormones ABA and gibberellic acid being greatly involved. In particular, low temperature stress delays and/or inhibits programmed cell death of the tapetal cells which consequently damages pollen development and causes male sterility. On the other hand, studies in Arabidopsis and crops have revealed that ectopically decreased temperature has an impact on recombination and cytokinesis during meiotic cell division, implying a putative role for temperature in manipulating plant genomic diversity and architecture during the evolution of plants. Here, we review the current understanding of the physiological impact of cold stress on the main male reproductive development processes including tapetum development, male meiosis and gametogenesis. Moreover, we provide insights into the genetic factors and signaling pathways that are involved, with putative mechanisms being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Juan Mo
- Experiment Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nico De Storme
- Department of Plants and Crops, unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Mursalimov SR, Sidorchuk YV, Zagorskaya AA, Deineko EV. Migration of DNA-Containing Organelles between Tobacco Microsporocytes during Cytomixis. Russ J Dev Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Mursalimov S, Zagorskaya A, Deineko E. Evaluation of DNA damage in tobacco male meiocytes involved in cytomixis using comet assay. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:413-417. [PMID: 28702759 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytomixis is a process of nuclear migration between plant cells. As a rule, it is detectable in male meiocytes and gives rise to the cells with micronuclei. Examination of the integrity and functional state of migrating chromatin is of great interest, since cytomixis is assumed to change the gamete karyotype. We, for the first time, used comet assay to assess the DNA integrity in the chromatin that migrates between plant meiocytes. As was shown, the cells involved in cytomixis are viable and display no signs of DNA damage. Any comet tails are undetectable in both the main nuclei of the cells involved in cytomixis and cytomictic micronuclei. On the other hand, the cytomictic micronuclei after heat shock (positive control) form typical comet tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - Alla Zagorskaya
- Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Elena Deineko
- Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
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23
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Kravets EA, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton involvement in processes of cytomixis in plants. Cell Biol Int 2017; 43:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Ivanovna Yemets
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and GenomicsNatl. Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyiv Ukraine
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24
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Mursalimov S, Deineko E. Cytomixis in tobacco microsporogenesis: are there any genome parts predisposed to migration? PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1379-1384. [PMID: 27677800 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytomixis is a poorly studied process of nuclear migration between plant cells, discovered in microsporogenesis of several hundreds of plant species. The chromosomes that migrate between tobacco microsporocytes have been for the first time identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the question whether cytomixis is a random or a targeted process is answered. The distribution of four repetitive sequences used for identifying the tobacco chromosomes-NTRS, 5S rDNA, GRS, and HSR60-has been examined in the migrating chromatin, and the micronuclei formed after cytomixis. The distribution of tobacco S and T genomes has been analyzed in the cytomictic chromatin using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). As has been shown (χ 2 test), the labeled DNA probes marking the listed sequences in tobacco genome are observed in the micronuclei formed after cytomixis with the probability not exceeding the theoretically expected value if cytomixis considered as a random process. Thus, it is shown that cytomixis is not a targeted process, and the chromosomes migrate between microsporocytes in a random manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
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Mursalimov S, Sidorchuk Y, Deineko E. Behavior of nucleolus in the tobacco male meiocytes involved in cytomixis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:340-344. [PMID: 28032378 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Behavior of nucleolus during the nuclear migration between plant cells (cytomixis) is studied for the first time in the tobacco male meiosis. As is shown, the nucleolus is located in a nonrandom manner in the migrating nuclei. In the majority of cases, the nucleolus resides on the nuclear pole strictly opposite to the cytomictic channel. Owing to this localization, the nucleolus extremely rare enters the recipient cell, so that the nucleolar material is in most cases undetectable in the micronuclei formed after cytomixis. When a whole nucleus migrates from a donor cell to recipient, the nucleolus can leave the nucleus and remain in the donor cells either alone or with a small amount of chromatin. The causes underlying a nonrandom location of the nucleolus in cytomictic cells are discussed. It is assumed that the nucleolar material contacts the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, which prevents migration of the nucleolus into another cell within the nucleus. The potential use of cytomixis as a model for studying the nuclear motion is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yuriy Sidorchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Mursalimov S, Sidorchuk Y, Deineko E. Analysis of cytomixis in tobacco microsporocytes with confocal laser scanning microscopy. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:539-545. [PMID: 27072984 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy for the first time is used to examine the structure of the tobacco microsporocytes involved in the intercellular migration of nuclei (cytomixis). As is observed, the cytomictic channels are distributed over the surface of tobacco microsporocytes in a non-random manner and their number depends on the meiotic stage. Analysis of non-squash cells demonstrates the differences in cytological patterns of cytomixis in a normal meiosis of control tobacco plants (SR1 line) and the abnormal meiosis of polyploids. As a rule, two to three adjacent cells are involved in cytomixis during meiosis of control tobacco plants; after cytomixis, several micronuclei are formed in recipient cells; cytoplasts (enucleated cells) are rare; and polyads are undetectable. In the meiosis of polyploids, cytomixis is massive, with a larger number of cells (sometimes, over ten) involved in nuclear migration simultaneously; recipient cells on completion of cytomixis develop tens of micronuclei; cytoplasts and polyads are frequently detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuri Sidorchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
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Mursalimov S, Sidorchuk Y, Demidov D, Meister A, Deineko E. A rise of ploidy level influences the rate of cytomixis in tobacco male meiosis. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1583-1588. [PMID: 26553378 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of plant ploidy level on the rate of cytomixis in microsporogenesis has been analyzed with the help of a unique model, the collection of tobacco plants of different ploidies (2n = 2x = 24, 4x = 48, 6x = 72, and 8x = 96). As has been shown, the rate of cytomixis proportionally increases in 6x and 8x cytotypes, being rather similar in 2x and 4x plants. The rate of cytomixis is highly variable, differing even in the genetically identical plants grown under the same conditions. The cytological pattern of cytomixis in the microsporogenesis of control 4x plants has been compared with the corresponding patterns of 2x, 6x, and 8x plants. Involvement of cytomixis in production of unreduced gametes and stabilization of the newly formed hybrid and polyploidy genomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Yuri Sidorchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitri Demidov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Armin Meister
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Sharma KD, Nayyar H. Regulatory Networks in Pollen Development under Cold Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:402. [PMID: 27066044 PMCID: PMC4814731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress modifies anthers' metabolic pathways to induce pollen sterility. Cold-tolerant plants, unlike the susceptible ones, produce high proportion of viable pollen. Anthers in susceptible plants, when exposed to cold stress, increase abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and reduce ABA catabolism. Increased ABA negatively regulates expression of tapetum cell wall bound invertase and monosaccharide transport genes resulting in distorted carbohydrate pool in anther. Cold-stress also reduces endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (GAs), GA4 and GA7, in susceptible anthers by repression of the GA biosynthesis genes. Here, we discuss recent findings on mechanisms of cold susceptibility in anthers which determine pollen sterility. We also discuss differences in regulatory pathways between cold-stressed anthers of susceptible and tolerant plants that decide pollen sterility or viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D. Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural UniversityPalampur, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
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Sidorchuk YV, Novikovskaya AA, Deineko EV. Cytomixis in the cereal (Gramineae) microsporogenesis. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:291-8. [PMID: 25860793 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The specific features in behavior of the nuclei and chromatin migrating through cytomictic channels as well as in formation of micronuclei in the cereal microsporogenesis have been studied. Immunofluorescence microscopy has allowed for demonstration that the tubulin cytoskeleton does not play a significant role in the intercellular migration of nuclei. Potential involvement of the actin cytoskeleton and SUN-KASH linker complexes in cytomixis is discussed. Comparative analysis of the published and own data suggests that the cytological patterns of cytomixis in monocots and dicots are conserved. As has been shown, each higher ploidy level in the polyploid series of the family Gramineae is accompanied by an increase in the rate of cytomixis independently of individual species. The results confirm the assumption on a correlation between the rate of cytomixis, ploidy level, and genome balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Sidorchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Anna A Novikovskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Tchórzewska D, Deryło K, Błaszczyk L, Winiarczyk K. Tubulin cytoskeleton during microsporogenesis in the male-sterile genotype of Allium sativum and fertile Allium ampeloprasum L. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:171-82. [PMID: 26493316 PMCID: PMC4623095 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Microsporogenesis in garlic. The male-sterile Allium sativum (garlic) reproduces exclusively in the vegetative mode, and anthropogenic factors seem to be the cause of the loss of sexual reproduction capability. There are many different hypotheses concerning the causes of male sterility in A.sativum; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been comprehensively elucidated.Numerous attempts have been undertaken to understand the causes of male sterility, but the tubulin cytoskeleton in meiotically dividing cells during microsporogenesis has never been investigated in this species. Using sterile A.sativum genotype L13 and its fertile close relative A. ampeloprasum (leek), we have analysed the distribution of the tubulin cytoskeleton during microsporogenesis. We observed that during karyokinesis and cytokinesis, in both meiotic divisions I and II, the microtubular cytoskeleton in garlic L13 formed configurations that resembled tubulin arrangement typical of monocots. However, the tubulin cytoskeleton in garlic was distinctly poorer (composed of a few MT filaments) compared with that found in meiotically dividing cells in A. ampeloprasum. These differences did not affect the course of karyogenesis, chondriokinesis, and cytokinesis, which contributed to completion of microsporogenesis, but there was no further development of the male gametophyte. At the very beginning of the successive stage of development of fertile pollen grains, i.e. gametogenesis, there were disorders involving the absence of a normal cortical cytoskeleton and dramatically progressive degeneration of the cytoplasm in garlic. Therefore,we suggest that, due to disturbances in cortical cytoskeleton formation at the very beginning of gametogenesis, the intracellular transport governed by the cytoskeleton might be perturbed, leading to microspore decay in the male-sterile garlic genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Tchórzewska
- />Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Deryło
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lidia Błaszczyk
- />Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krystyna Winiarczyk
- />Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Mirgorodskaya OE, Koteyeva NK, Volchanskaya AV, Miroslavov EA. Pollen development in Rhododendron in relation to winter dormancy and bloom time. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1313-23. [PMID: 25643916 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis of Rhododendron ledebourii (semi-deciduous), Rhododendron luteum (deciduous), and Rhododendron catawbiense (evergreen) were studied by light and electron microscopies in order to determine the stages of pollen development in relation to period of winter dormancy and bloom time throughout an annual growth cycle. Development of generative organs starts in June in R. ledebourii and in July in R. luteum and R. catawbiense and reaches completion about 11 months later. R. luteum and R. catawbiense microspores undergo meiosis at the end of the August and spend winter at the vacuolization stage. Mitosis with the formation of bicellular pollen grain occurs shortly before flowering at the beginning of June. R. ledebourii develops two types of flowers which differ in the timing of microgametogenesis. The first type is characterized by early microspore meiosis and mitosis leading to development of bicellular pollen grains by the end of August, and is prone to fall blooming during warm autumn temperatures. Microspores of the second flower type have a more prolonged vacuolization stage with mitosis and subsequent bicellular pollen grains occurring in November. By winter, flower buds in R. ledebourii are more advanced developmentally than in R. catawbiense and R. luteum, and bloom about 1 month earlier. The different strategies of pollen development identified both within and between these three Rhododendron species were recognized which are not associated with leaf drop during winter but appear to be related to the time of spring flowering and the frequency of autumn flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Mirgorodskaya
- V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Science, 2, Prof. Popov St., 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Ariza MT, Soria C, Martínez-Ferri E. Developmental stages of cultivated strawberry flowers in relation to chilling sensitivity. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv012. [PMID: 25661200 PMCID: PMC4363474 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors affecting flower development may limit the yields of fruiting crops worldwide. In temperate regions, chilling temperatures during flower development can compromise fruit production, but their negative effects vary depending on the differing susceptibilities of each developmental stage. The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) is widely grown worldwide but financial returns are influenced by sudden shifts to chilling temperatures occurring during the cropping cycle. Despite this important limitation, knowledge of F.× ananassa flower development is lacking, in contrast to the diploid wild-type strawberry (F. vesca). In this study we describe steps in floral development of cultivated strawberry and define their vulnerability to chilling temperatures. To achieve this, flower buds from strawberry plants of cv. 'Camarosa' were labelled and monitored from bud initiation until anthesis. Description of morphological and functional changes during flower development was based on histological sections and scanning electron microscopy. To determine the impact of low temperatures at different developmental stages, plants carrying buds of different sizes were chilled at 2 °C for 24 h. Several parameters related to male and female gametophyte development were later evaluated in flowers as they approached anthesis. Fragaria× ananassa flower development was divided into 16 stages according to landmark events. These stages were similar to those documented for F. vesca but three new additional intermediate stages were described. Timing of developmental processes was achieved by correlating developmental staging with specific bud sizes and days before anthesis. Time to reach anthesis from early bud stages was 17-18 days. During this period, we detected four critical periods vulnerable to low temperatures. These were mostly related to male gametophyte development but also to injury to female organs at late developmental stages. These results provide the essential groundwork on floral biology of cultivated strawberry that is a prerequisite for successful comparative studies of cold tolerance among genotypes during flower formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ariza
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Soria
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elsa Martínez-Ferri
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
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Mursalimov S, Permyakova N, Deineko E, Houben A, Demidov D. Cytomixis doesn't induce obvious changes in chromatin modifications and programmed cell death in tobacco male meiocytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:846. [PMID: 26528310 PMCID: PMC4600909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytomixis is a poorly studied process of nuclear migration between plant cells. It is so far unknown what drives cytomixis and what is the functional state of the chromatin migrating between cells. Using immunostaining, we have analyzed the distribution of posttranslational histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation) that reflect the functional state of chromatin in the tobacco microsporocytes involved in cytomixis. We demonstrate that the chromatin in the cytomictic cells does not differ from the chromatin in intact microsporocytes according to all 14 analyzed histone modification types. We have also for the first time demonstrated that the migrating chromatin contains normal structures of the synaptonemal complex (SC) and lacks any signs of apoptosis. As has been shown, the chromatin migrating between cells in cytomixis is neither selectively heterochromatized nor degraded both before its migration to another cell and after it enters a recipient cell as micronuclei. We also showed that cytomictic chromatin contains marks typical for transcriptionally active chromatin as well as heterochromatin. Moreover, marks typical for chromosome condensation, SC formation and key proteins required for the formation of bivalents were also detected at migrated chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya Permyakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchStadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Dmitri Demidov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchStadt Seeland, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dmitri Demidov,
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